上海高考英语新题型之概要写作(Summary)
新高考英语作文新题型(summary writing)
2019级高一英语学案新高考英语作文新题型——概要写作一. 概要写作题型特点概要写作（summary），《牛津高阶英语词典》（第8 版）对它的定义如下:“A summary is a brief statement that gives only the main points of something not the details”。
也就是要求考生在整体把握原文的前提下，用自己简洁、精练的语言，对原文的主旨大意进行高度的浓缩，写出一篇语义连贯的短文，也可称之为摘要。
这一题型一方面考查学生通过阅读获取文章主旨大意和关键词的能力，另一方面也考查学生的写作能力即用简洁的语言概括文章重要信息的能力以及对文章整体结构的把握能力。
因此，概要写作是基于阅读理解和书面表达的，是二者的有机结合体，是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁。
从《考试说明》上对概要写作的评分原则以及各档次的给分范围和要求的规定中，我们可以发现概要写作有以下特点：客观性：概要写作其实是一种客观的复述，在正确理解原文的基础上，用自己的语言忠实地再现作者的思想，写作内容要全面，既不能漏掉任何要点，也不能随意增加内容；写作时要尽可能避免使用原文中的字句。
考生应通过释义的方式，用自己的语言呈现原文主要内容。
需要注意的是，考生不能对原文进行解释和评论，也不能掺杂任何个人想法，或做出任何评判，因此不能出现“I believe”, “I think”等字句。
简洁性：简洁是概要写作的一个显著特点。
概要写作是一种对原文“浓缩”后产生的新语篇，通过删除原文中的细节减少例证，简化描述内容以及去除重复来实现语言的简洁性，但是简洁的同时还要做到意义的完整。
连贯性：概要写作并不是写提纲那样只是要点的罗列。
写概要时，必须在各要点之间增加一些体现逻辑的关系词，使概要衔接紧密、脉络清晰。
写出的概要读起来要完整连贯、独立成篇。
二. 评分原则《考试说明》中关于概要的评分原则中第一条：本题总分为25分，按5个档次给分；评分时，先根据所写概要的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求衡量、确定或调整档次，最后给分。
上海高考Summary如何写
Summary如何写（I）说明文的summary我们以上海英语高二课本中的一篇文章为例The Problem of Packaging第一段A large source of rubbish is packaging material. It often makes up more than 30 percent of the total. To understand why this is true, think of the packaging commonly used for a simple product, such as toothpaste. The packaging includes not only the tube for the toothpaste, but also the box for the tube. This box is put into a plastic wrapper. Then, the boxes are transported in a cardboard container.第二段Most packaging material ends up in a landfill after it is thrown away. Though necessary, landfills take up valuable space, often stink, and can leak harmful substances into the soil. Landfills not included, the production of packaging material itself is a major source of air and water pollution.第三段People are now trying to solve the problems caused by packaging materials. In 1991, Germany took the lead by requiring companies to recycle the packaging used for their goods. To do this, the companies set up recycling bins in every neighborhood. Consumers now separate their rubbish into three categories—metal, plastic and paper cartons. They then put it into the appropriate bin. The rubbish sorted, it is transported to are cycling company for processing.第四段The programme worked well at first. However, the amount of rubbish has begun to increase again. One reason for this is that many consumers no longer reduce waste because they think the problem is solved. It seems that to properly deal with the problem of rubbish, everyone must remain vigilant and do their part.我们先来把每段的大意理一下：第一段的中心应该就是讲 A large source of rubbish is packaging material. It often makes up more than 30 percent of the total. 后面的牙膏的情况只是举例说明咯。
(完整版)上海高考英语新题型之概要写作(Summary)
上海高考英语新题型之概要写作澄衷高级中学孙吉从2017年起，上海英语高考试卷的题型将面临许多调整，其中之一便是增加了概要写作（Summary writing），也有许多人将之称为“小作文”。
概要写作分值占据15分，考查的是考生阅读和写作的综合能力。
概要写作所给定的语篇一般在200-250字，内容丰富多样，包含故事、时政、科普等，体裁以记叙文、说明文为主，字数一般要求在50-60字，答案尽量符合“Key points of a summary”的要求。
一．正确认识概要写作1. Definition of summary writing（概要写作的定义）By summary, we mean a brief restatement, in your own words, of the content of a passage, an article, a chapter or a book.2. Key points of a summary（概要写作的要点）Conciseness（简要性）：Omit unnecessary details like examples, explanations and other unimportant information.Length: 1/4-1/3 of the original text.Completeness（完整性）：To include all the main and supporting points delivered in you own words in a condensed manner.Accuracy（准确性）：To give the same attention and stress to the points as the author does.Coherence（连贯性）：Rather than an outline listed as key words and phrases, a summary is a paragraph with necessary transitions and function structures to make it flow.Objectivity（客观性）：Do not include your own ideas or emotions on the topic. The summary should reflect the content of the original passage only.3. Steps to write a summary（概要写作的步骤）1）Skim the text to find out the general theme.2）Analyze the text’s structure to divide it into several sections, find out the main idea of each section and write it out briefly with your own words. (one sentence) 3）Write down the key supporting points for each main idea without involving minor details.4）Organize the main and related supporting points in a logical order with necessary transitions to achieve coherence.5）Proofread for grammatical, spelling and punctuation mistakes.4. Beginning of a summary（概要写作的开头）Begin your summary with:*The author’s name*The article’s or chapter’s name*The author’s thesis statement—a general overview(survey) of the article.The Body:First of all, the author describes……He then points out that……In addition, the author talks about……Finally, the author suggests……Some other introductory phrases:*(The author) states in (this article) that…*(The author), in (this article) shows that…*In (this article), (the author) writes that…*As (the author) says in (this article),…*The main idea of (the author’s article) is…*The author believes (holds; maintains; claims; argues; points out; suggests; proposes) that + clause…*The author talks about (explains; describes; reveals; discusses; focuses on) + n.二．记叙文概要写作要点点拨记叙文体的阅读材料，相比其他文体而言，写概要相对容易。
2020年上海高考概要写作summary writing2(10篇,有解析)
Exercise 1Water is very important for living things. Without water there can be no life on the earth. All animals and plants need water. Man also needs water. Almost everyone knows that water covers three- fourths of the earth5s surface. Most of it, however, is in the oceans and is too salty to drink. Also, some of it is frozen and cannot be used. In fact, less than one percent is left for the use of people, animals and plant life.All through history men have tried to build their homes near the sources of fresh water. Now fresh water is becoming scarce, but more and more is needed because of the increasing number of people in the world. Some industries also use large amounts of fresh water in the production of things such as steel, petrol, paper, rubber and so on.Meanwhile, water problem is becoming more serious and more complex. Our increasing population tremendously increases urban wastes, primarily polluted water. On the other hand, increasing demands for water will decrease substantially the amount of water available for diluting(稀释）wastes. Rapidly expanding industries which involve more and more complex chemical processes will produce larger volume of liquid wastes, and many of these will contain chemicals which are poisonous. To feed our rapidly expanding population, agriculture will have to be intensified. This will involve ever-increasing quantities of agricultural chemicals. Scientists estimate that the problem of water shortage will become severe. Thus it is apparent that effective steps must be taken immediately to develop corrective measures for the pollution problem and to find new ways of saving and producing fresh water as well. Some nations have worked on the problem and are already sharing their information with others. They are trying to keep their rivers from becoming polluted. Deep wells are also being dug, and rain water is being collected in huge artificial lakes. In one way or another, they hope to provide enough water to satisfy the needs of their people.参考范文：Water is essential for all the living things on the earth.(要点1) With the worldwide increase ofpopulation，more water is needed.(要点2) Meanwhile，water sources are getting polluted by poisonous chemical wastes produced by human beings in one way or another.(要点3) Thus measures are being taken to solve this problem, hoping to find better ways to save and produce water to meet the needs.分析过程1.核心内容本文是一篇说明文，全文分为四段。
【上海高考概要写作】summary writing4(10篇,有解析)
Exercise 1College pays off financially. A wide range of statistics shows the economic advantage of a four-year college education. Over a lifetime, students who graduate from college can expect to make about 60% more than those who do not, well over a million dollars more than they would otherwise. But what about the benefits of college that are more difficult to measure? They are equally significant and add up to a lot of value over the course of a lifetime：College takes students to places they’ve never been to before. College is a passport to different places, different times, and different ways of thinking —from learning new languages to considering the development of human history to diving deep into the building blocks of matter. It gives students a chance to understand themselves differently, seeing how their lives are both like and unlike those who populated other eras(时代)）and other lands.College introduces students to people they've never met before. One of the most important ways in which students learn, at colleges and universities everywhere, is by interacting with people who are different from themselves both inside and outside the classroom. Students learn more at a place full of engaging people with a wide range of viewpoints.In these ways and in so many others, college helps students see themselves differently, giving them the room and the license to imagine new possibilities. Yes, it opens opportunities reflected in earning and employment statistics. But, perhaps even more valuable, it opens minds and worlds in ways that are beyond measurement. The value of higher education is symbolized by people who dream bigger and achieve more, who create their own futures and shape their own futures.参考答案：According to statistics，college makes a great difference to students’ earning power,(要1) while it also contributes to other valuable aspects beyond assessment in life.(要点2) Firstly, college motivates students’ self-realization through various learning activities.(要点3) Secondly, it shapes students’ diverse perspectives by encouraging them to communicate with differentpeople.(要点4) In short, not only does college provide financial opportunities，but it opens up new possibilities.(要点5)分析过程：试题详解：1，核心内容——本文是一篇议论文，全文共分四段。
上海高考英语summary的要求
上海高考英语summary的要求在上海高考英语中，summary（概括大意）是一项重要的考核内容。
在这一部分，考生需要根据所给的一篇英语短文，用自己的语言，以全文的1/4为限，对全文的主要内容进行概括。
这项能力旨在考察考生的阅读理解、语言表达和文字概括能力。
在进行summary时，考生首先要理解文章的大意和要点，然后用简洁、清晰的语言对其进行概括，同时遵循题目所给定的句子结构和单词数量要求。
考生还需注意语法和拼写的正确性。
在summary中，不同类型的文章可能会有不同的要求。
一般来说，新闻报道、科普文章和社论等不同类型的文章，对于概括的内容和表达方式都有所不同。
新闻报道要求考生对事件的时间、地点、原因和结果进行简洁准确的概括；科普文章要求考生对科学知识或技术原理进行简明的阐述；社论则要求考生对作者的观点和论据进行简要的总结。
在应对summary时，考生需要通过多读多练，积累丰富的词汇和句型，提高自己的语言组织能力。
平时的阅读量也是非常重要的。
只有通过大量的阅读练习，才能对不同类型的文章有更深入的理解，从而更好地进行summary。
对于上海高考英语summary来说，我个人认为这并不仅仅是一种考试技巧，更是一种实用的能力。
在日常生活和工作中，我们经常需要阅读各种文字材料，进行信息概括和传达。
通过学习和掌握summary 的技巧，不仅可以在考试中获得好成绩，更可以提高自己的语言表达和文字概括能力，为将来的学习和工作打下良好的基础。
上海高考英语summary的要求是全面的，不仅考察了考生的英语语言能力，更考察了考生的思维逻辑和文字表达能力。
通过认真学习和练习，相信每位考生都可以在这一部分取得令人满意的成绩。
上海高考英语summary要求的背后，是对考生阅读理解和语言表达能力的全面考察。
在这方面，学生们除了要掌握丰富的词汇和句型，还需要具备良好的阅读习惯和逻辑思维能力。
阅读量是非常重要的。
只有通过大量的阅读练习，学生才能对不同类型的文章有更深入的理解。
上海高中英语summary
上海高中英语summary
1. 抓住主旨，summary的目的在于概括文章或演讲的主要内容，因此学生需要准确把握文章的中心思想，理清文章的逻辑结构，避
免在summary中出现次要信息或者篇幅过长的内容。
2. 简明扼要，summary要求言之简洁，言之有物。
学生需要用
简洁明了的语言对所理解的内容进行概括，避免出现冗长的叙述或
者不必要的细节。
3. 语言准确，summary要求学生在表达上要准确无误，避免使
用原文中的具体词语和句式，而是要用自己的语言进行转述，同时
要注意使用恰当的连接词和过渡词，使得summary的表达更加流畅
自然。
4. 逻辑清晰，summary要求学生的表达要有条理，内容之间要
有逻辑关联，避免出现跳跃或者不连贯的情况，可以通过时间顺序、因果关系、对比等手段来组织summary的内容。
总的来说，上海高中英语summary是对学生综合语言能力的考验，要求学生在阅读理解、语言表达、逻辑思维等方面都有较高水
平。
学生在平时的学习中需要多读多练，提高自己的语言功底和综合运用能力，才能在summary中游刃有余地进行表达。
上海高考Summary如何写
Summary如何写（I）说明文的summary我们以上海英语高二课本中的一篇文章为例The Problem of Packaging第一段A large source of rubbish is packaging material. It often makes up more than30 percent of the total. To understand why this is true, think of the packaging commonly used for a simple product, such as toothpaste. The packaging includes not only the tube for the toothpaste, but also the box for the tube. This box is put into a plastic wrapper. Then, the boxes are transported in a cardboard container.第二段Most packaging material ends up in a landfill after it is thrown away. Though necessary, landfills take up valuable space, often stink, and can leak harmful substances into the soil. Landfills not included, the production of packaging material itself is a major source of air and water pollution.第三段People are now trying to solve the problems caused by packaging materials. In 1991, Germany took the lead by requiring companies to recycle the packaging used for their goods. To do this, the companies set up recycling bins in every neighborhood. Consumers now separate their rubbish into three categories—metal, plastic and paper cartons. They then put it into the appropriate bin. The rubbish sorted, it is transported to are cycling company for processing.第四段The programme worked well at first. However, the amount of rubbish has begun to increase again. One reason for this is that many consumers no longer reduce waste because they think the problem is solved. It seems that to properly deal with the problem of rubbish, everyone must remain vigilant and do their part.我们先来把每段的大意理一下：第一段的中心应该就是讲 A large source of rubbish is packaging material. It often makes up more than 30 percent of the total. 后面的牙膏的情况只是举例说明咯。
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上海高考英语新题型之概要写作(Summary)Starting from 2017.the Shanghai English exam will undergo many adjustments。
one of which is the n of summary writing。
also known as "XXX 15 points and tests XXX of students in reading and writing.The given language in summary writing is generally een 200-250 words。
with diverse content including stories。
current events。
and science pXXX。
with a word count requirement of 50-60 words。
The answer should try to meet the requirements of "Key points of a summary".1.n of summary writingXXX。
in one's own words。
of the content of a passage。
article。
XXX.2.Key points of a summaryConciseness: XXX。
ns。
and unimportant n.Length: 1/4-1/3 of the original text.Completeness: Include all the main and supporting points in a condensed manner。
using your own words.Accuracy: Give the same n and stress to the points as the author does.Coherence: A summary should be a paragraph with XXX to make it flow。
rather than an XXX words and phrases.Objectivity is crucial when writing a summary。
It is XXX about the topic。
The summary should only reflect the content of the original passage.To write a summary。
one should first skim the text to identify the general theme。
Then。
analyze the text's structure and divide it into ns。
For each n。
write a brief sentence summarizing the main idea in your own words。
Next。
write down the key supporting points for each main XXX points in a logical order with XXX。
proofread for grammatical。
spelling。
XXX.When beginning a summary。
include the author's name。
the article or chapter's name。
and the author's thesis statement。
which is a general overview or survey of the article。
The body ofthe summary should start with the author's n of the topic。
The author then points out certain issues related to the topic。
In n。
the author discusses specific details about the topic。
Finally。
the author XXX related to the topic.XXX to the amount of rubbish generated。
In fact。
it can make up more than 30% of the total waste。
This is because packaging for even the simplest products。
XXX。
often includes not just the tube but also the box it comes in。
which is then XXX cardboard container。
adding to the amount of packaging waste.XXX packaging material is a major problem as most of it XXX necessary。
landfills take up valuable space。
emit unpleasant odors。
and can release XXX。
the n of packaging material itself is a significant source of air and water n.To ce the amount of packaging waste。
companies should consider using eco-friendly materials and cing the amount of packaging used for their products。
Consumers can also play a role by XXX。
we can ce the XXX.1.A large amount of rubbish comes from packaging materials。
which can make up over 30% of total waste。
The example ofXXX point.2.Packaging materials XXX: when they end up in landfillsand during their n。
which can pollute air and water.3.People are taking steps to address the problems caused by packaging materials。
XXX。
manufacturers。
and XXX issue.4.XXX。
XXX.XXX be partners。
XXX at school。
what happens at home matters much more。
According to research based on the nal n Longitudinal Study。
which included a sample of nearly 25,000 eighth graders。
home n was XXX among four main areas of parental involvement - home n。
home n。
XXX。
and school n.The study found that discussing school-related topics at home had a greater impact on a student's academic performance than any other form of XXX。
This means that parents should take an active interest in their child'XXX to them about what they're learning in school。
asking about their homework。
and encouraging them to ask ns。
By doing so。
parents can help their children develop adeeper understanding of the material and improve their academic performance.It'XXX at school is still valuable。
but it should be XXX。
volunteer in the classroom。
XXX。
XXX.In n。
when XXX。
they're not XXX。
they're asking parents to take an active interest in their child's n and to support their learning at home。
By doing so。
parents can help their children achieve academic success and develop a love of learning that will XXX.。