2007真题解析
2007考研英语真题及彻底解析_适合菜鸟级别的人
2007年硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word（s）for each numbered blank and mark A，B，C，and D on ANSWER SHEET 1 （10 points）By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. The roughly 20 million 1 of these nations looked 2 to the future. Born in the crisis of the old regime政权and Iberian Colonialism，many of the leaders of independence 3 the ideas of representative government，careers 4 to talent，freedom of commerce and trade，the 5 to private property，and a belief in the individual as the basis of society，6 there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states，large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a 7 set of laws.On the issue of 8 of religion and the position of the church，9 ，there was less agreement 10 the leadership. Roman Catholicism had been the state religion and the only one 11 by the Spanish crown王冠，12 most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism 13 the official religion of the new states，some sought to end the 14 of other faiths. The defense of the Church became a rallying 集体15 for the conservative 保守派forces.The ideals of the early leaders of independence were often egalitarian平等主义，valuing equality of everything. Bolivar had received aid from Haiti and had 16 in return to abolish slavery in the areas he liberated. By 1854 slavery had been abolished everywhere except Spain's 17 colonies. Early promises to end Indian tribute贡物and taxes on people of mixed origin came much 18 because the new nations still needed the revenue 税收such policies 19 Egalitarian sentiments 感情were often tempered 调和by fears that the mass of the population was 20 self-rule自治and democracy.民主1. [A] natives[B] inhabitants居民[C] peoples [D] individuals2. [A] confusedly[B] cheerfully[C] worriedly [D] hopefully3. [A] shared[B] forgot [C] attained 取得，完成，达到[D] rejected拒绝4. [A] related[B] close [C] open [D] devoted5. [A] access[B] succession[C] right[D] return6. [A] Presumably 大概[B] Incidentally [C] Obviously[D] Generally7. [A] unique[B] common [C] particular[D] typical8. [A] freedom [B] origin[C] impact[D] reform9. [A] therefore[B] however [C] indeed[D] moreover10. [A] with[B] about[C] among[D] by11. [A] allowed[B] preached[C] granted [D] funded12. [A] Since[B] If[C] Unless[D] While13. [A] as[B] for[C] under[D] against14. [A] spread[B] interference[C] exclusion [D] influence15. [A] support[B] cry [C] plea[D] wish16. [A] urged[B] intended[C] expected[D] promised17. [A] controlling[B] former[C] remaining[D] original18. [A] slower [B] faster [C] easier [D] tougher19. [A] created[B] produced[C] contributed [D] preferred20. [A] puzzled by [B] hostile to [C] pessimistic about [D] unprepared for Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A，B，C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. （40 points）Text 1If you were to examine the birth certificates证书of every soccer player in 2006's World Cup tournament you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk怪癖elite soccer later months. If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks，you would find this strange phenomenon to be even more pronounced.What might account for this strange phenomenon？Here are a few guesses：a）certain astrological signs confer superior soccer skills. b）winter-born bathes tend to have higher oxygen capacity which increases soccer stamina. c）soccer mad parents are more likely to conceive children in springtime at the annual peak of soccer mania. d）none of the above.Anders Ericsson，a 58-year-old psychology professor at Florida State University，says he believes strongly in “none of the above.” Ericsson grew up in Sweden，and studied nuclear engineering until he realized he realized he would have more opportunity to conduct his own research if he switched to psychology. His first experiment nearly years ago，involved memory：training a person to hear and then repeat a random series of numbers. “With the first subject. after about 20 hours of training his digit span had risen from 7 to 20，” Ericsson recalls. “He kept improving，and after about 200 hours of training he had risen to over 80 numbers.”This success coupled with later research showing that memory itself as not genetically determined，led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one. In other words，whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize those differences are swamped by how well each person “encodes” the information. And the best way to learn how to encode informationmeaningfully，Ericsson determined，was a process known as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task. Rather，it involves setting specific goals，obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome.Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying expert performers in a wide range of pursuits，including soccer. They gather all the data they can，not just predominance statistics and biographical details but also the results of their own lavatory experiments with high achievers. Their work makes a rather startling assertion：the trait we commonly call talent is highly overrated. Or，put another way，expert performers whether in memory or surgery，ballet or computer programming are nearly always made，not born.[410 words]21. The birthday phenomenon found among soccer players is mentioned to[A] stress the importance of professional training.[B] spotlight the soccer superstars in the World Cup.[C] introduce the topic of what males expert performance.[D] explain why some soccer teams play better than others.22. The word “mania” （Line 4，Paragraph 2）most probably means[A] fun.[B] craze.[C] hysteria.[D] excitement.23. According to Ericsson good memory[A] depends on meaningful processing of information.[B] results from intuitive rather than cognitive exercises.[C] is determined by genetic rather than psychological factors.[D] requires immediate feedback and a high degree of concentration.24. Ericsson and his colleagues believe that[A] talent is a dominating factor for professional success.[B] biographical data provide the key to excellent performance.[C] the role of talent tends to be overlooked.[D] high achievers owe their success mostly to nurture.25. Which of the following proverbs is closest to the message the text tries to convey？[A] “Faith will move mountains.”[B] “One reaps what one sows.”[C] “Practice makes perfect.”[D] “Like father，like son”Text 2For the past several years，the Sunday newspaper supplement Parade has featured a column 专栏called “Ask Marilyn.” People are invited to query询问Marilyn vos Savant，who at age 10 had tested at a mental level of someone about 23 years old；that gave her an IQ of 228-the highest score ever recorded. IQ tests ask you to complete verbal 口头的and visual 可视化的analogies类比，比喻，to envision 想象paper after it has been folded and cut，and to deduce 推想，演绎numerical sequences，数字顺序among other similar tasks. So it is a bitconfusing when vos Savant fields such queries from the average Joe （whose IQ is 100）as，What's the difference between love and fondness喜欢？Or what is the nature of luck and coincidence？It's not obvious how the capacity to visualize构想objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded逃避some of the best poets and philosophers.Clearly，intelligence encompasses 包含more than a score on a test. Just what does it means to be smart？How much of intelligence can be specified，and how much can we learn about it from neurology神经学，genetics，computer science and other fields？The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score，even though IQ tests are not given as often as they used to be. The test comes primarily in two forms：the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales （both come in adult and children's version版本）。
2007年国家司法考试真题解析卷三
2007年国家司法考试试卷三真题解析一、单项选择题4．甲公司在与乙公司协商购买某种零件时提出，由于该零件的工艺要求高，只有乙公司先行制造出符合要求的样品后，才能考虑批量购买。
乙公司完成样品后，甲公司因经营战略发生重大调整，遂通知乙公司：本公司已不需此种零件，终止谈判。
下列哪一选项是正确的？A．甲公司构成违约，应当赔偿乙公司的损失B．甲公司的行为构成缔约过失，应当赔偿乙公司的损失C．甲公司的行为构成侵权行为，应当赔偿乙公司的损失D．甲公司不应赔偿乙公司的任何损失【答案】D【逐项解析】本问题在冲刺班讲课过程中多次强调，错了不应该。
甲乙双方只是处于缔结合同的阶段，合同尚未成立，谈不上违约责任的问题，因此A 项错误。
《合同法》第42 条规定：“当事人在订立合同过程中有下列情形之一，给对方造成损失的，应当承担损害赔偿责任：（一）假借订立合同，恶意进行磋商；（二）故意隐瞒与订立合同有关的重要事实或者提供虚假情况；（三）有其他违背诚实信用原则的行为。
”本题中，甲公司并不存在违背诚实信用原则的行为，不应承担缔约过失责任，因此B 项错误。
甲乙双方处于缔约过程中，双方均不能保证一定会签署合同，甲公司终止谈判并非违法行为，乙公司也应当预见存在对方终止谈判的风险，甲的行为不构成侵权。
因此C 项错误，D 项正确。
【常见错误】有的考生认为甲的行为属于缔约过失，因此误选了B。
6．乙买甲一套房屋，已经支付1/3 价款，双方约定余款待过户手续办理完毕后付清。
后甲反悔，要求解除合同，乙不同意，起诉要求甲继续履行合同，转移房屋所有权。
下列哪一选项是正确的？A．合同尚未生效，甲应返还所受领的价款并承担缔约过失责任B．合同无效，甲应返还所受领的价款C．合同有效，甲应继续履行合同D．合同有效，法院应当判决解除合同、甲赔偿乙的损失【答案】C【逐项解析】《物权法》第15 条规定：“当事人之间订立有关设立、变更、转让和消灭不动产物权的合同，除法律另有规定或者合同另有约定外，自合同成立时生效；未办理物权登记的，不影响合同效力。
2007英语一真题及解析答案
2007英语一真题及解析答案2007年的英语一真题是许多考生备战高考的关键之一，对于我们来说，熟悉并掌握真题的解析答案是提高分数的重要途径之一。
在本文中，我们将对2007年英语一真题进行解析，并探讨相关答案的解析。
第一部分，阅读判断题：1. 题干：The article suggests that the misunderstanding between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait ________.选项：A. can only be settled through common effortsB. is so profound that it has paralyzed the direct trade between the two sidesC. has undermined the progress in other aspects of the cross-Strait relationsD. should be fundamentally attributed to Taiwanese separatists答案：C. has undermined the progress in other aspects of the cross-Strait relations解析：根据题干可知，该题是考察对于两岸关系的理解。
通过仔细阅读原文，我们可以得出答案是C。
文章中提到“these ailingrelations have undermined the progress in other aspects of the cross-Strait relations”。
因此，选项C是正确的。
2. 题干：According to the National Consumer Week campaign, we can learn that ________.选项：A. most buyers don’t care about the refund policy of the products they buyB. a lot of stores only focus on selling products and ignore the consumers’ rightsC. it is wise to consult the seller about refund policy before making a purchaseD. buyers should always avoid buying products without a refund policy答案：C. it is wise to consult the seller about refund policy before making a purchase解析：题目要求我们根据《National Consumer Week》活动的宣传来得出结论。
07年高考真题——英语(北京卷)详细解析
绝密★启用前2017年普通高等学校全国招生统一考试（北京卷）英语本试卷共16页，共150分。
考试时长120分钟。
考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。
考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分：听力理解(共三节，30分)第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话你将听一遍。
例：Whatisthemangoingtoread?A．Anewspaper. B．Amagazine. C．Abook.答案是A。
1．Whenwillthefilmstart?A．At5:00. B．At6:00. C．At7:00.2．Whichclubwillthemanjoin?A．Thefilmclub. B．Thetravelclub. C．Thesportsclub. 3．Whatwastheweatherlikeinthemountainsyesterday?A．Sunny. B．Windy. C．Snowy. 4．Whatdoesthemanwanttocutoutofpaper?A．Afish. B．Abird. C．Amonkey. 5．Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?A．Inalibrary. B．Atabookstore. C．Inamuseum.第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，15分）听下面4段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。
听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白你将听两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。
6．Whydoesthewomanmakethecall?A．Tomakeaninvitation.B．Toaskforinformation.C．Todiscussaholidayplan.7．Howmuchdoesthewomanneedtopayfortheminibus?A．$50. B．$150. C．$350.听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。
2007年考研英语真题答案解析
2007年考研英语真题答案解析SectionⅠUse of English1.【答案】［B］【解析】词义辨析题，A.natives本地人；B.inhabitant居民；C.peoples民族；D.individuals个体。
本文首句指出：到了1830年，原来的西班牙和葡萄牙殖民地变成了独立国家。
本句解释了这些居住在摆脱殖民地地位而独立的国家的人们对于未来的态度。
这里的这里没有限定范围是“本地人”，也没有提及不同的民族，更没有强调个体差异，因此排除其他选项。
2.【答案】［D］【解析】词汇辨析题。
A.confusedly困惑地；B.cheerfully高兴的；C.worried担心的；D.hopefully充满期待地从首句已知这些国家的居民摆脱了西班牙和葡萄牙的殖民统治，虽然文中没有提到独立的过程，但是历史告诉我们，殖民地人们要求独立的愿望是一直存在的，是迫切的，由此可以判断，成立独立国家是殖民地人们的愿望，因此居民们对未来充满了期待，故选择hopefully合适。
3. 【答案】［A］【解析】逻辑关系题。
A.shared共有；B.forgot忘记；C.attained获得；D.rejected 拒绝。
本题所在的句子介绍了这些新独立国家的领导人们的治国理念。
首先提到了许多领导人们在治国理念中达成共识的部分，这由本句和下一句的内容及第二段首句中的less agreement得到印证，先指出领导人之间理念上的相同之处，再指出他们之间存在的分歧，shared the ideas符合上下文逻辑关系，故为答案。
4.【答案】［C］【解析】语义辨析题。
A.related相关的；B.close接近的；C.open开着的；D.devoted 投入的。
本句提到的新国家领导人共同的治国理念包括议会制政府等。
由这里的representative government，freedom of commerce and trade可以看出，这些都是先进的民主的治国方略，故此处的careers应为“向人才开放的职业”，这样才能让人们人尽其才，发挥自己的作用。
2007年考研英语完形填空真题答案解析
2007年考研英语完形填空真题答案解析1. B词义辨析题(名词辨析题)独立后的国家人民由土著居民和外来移民共同构成，A选项表示土著居民，排除;B选项意为居民，符合题意;C选项表示民族，西班牙和葡萄牙国家不可能有2000万个民族，排除;D选项indivisuals强调的是个体、个人，与语言环境不符合。
因此，答案为B选项inhabitants。
2. D词义辨析题(副词辨析)给定的四个选项都可以用来修饰looked，因此要联系上下文进行选择。
上文中提到西班牙和葡萄牙成为独立的国家，那么人们对未来的态度必定是积极的，D选项hopefully(充满希望地)最合适。
A选项表示困惑地;B选项表示兴奋地，与future搭配起来不太合适;C选项worriedly表示担忧地，与国家独立这个背景不搭。
因此，答案为D选项。
3. A词义辨析题(动词辨析)通过the ideals of representative government…society，可以推断出ideals是这些独立国家领导人所支持的观念，因此表达消极含义的B.forget(忘记)与D.rejected(拒绝)就可以首先排除掉;C选项中attained指的是通过努力获得的知识或者达到的目标，与语境不符;而A选项中shared(分享)则表明了独立国家领导人都认同议会政府者一想法，故为正确答案。
4. C词义辨析+固定搭配题(形容词辨析)该题中的形容词体现了其所连接名词的关系。
“许多独立国家领导人都认同议会政府，职业__与天赋，商业和贸易自由”。
A.related to与…相关的;B.close to…接近…;C.open to…向…开放的;D.devoted to…致力于…的。
只有C选项符合语境，即：职业向有天赋的人开放。
5. C词义辨析题(名词辨析)A选项access to接近，有权使用;B选项succession to继承;C选项right to，…的权利;D 选项return to返回…。
2007年考研数学三真题及完整解析
2007年研究生入學考試數學三試題一、選擇題：1～10小題，每小題4分，共40分. 在每小題給出の四個選項中，只有一項符合題目要求，把所選項前の字母填在題後の括弧內.（1）當0x +→時，與x 等價の無窮小量是 （A ）1ex - （B ）1ln1xx+- （C ）11x +- （D ）1cos x - [ ]（2）設函數()f x 在0x =處連續，下列命題錯誤の是：（A ）若0()limx f x x →存在，則(0)0f = （B ）若0()()lim x f x f x x→+-存在，則(0)0f = .（B ）若0()lim x f x x →存在，則(0)0f '= （D ）若0()()lim x f x f x x→--存在，則(0)0f '=.[ ]（3）如圖，連續函數()y f x =在區間[][]3,2,2,3--上の圖形分別是直徑為1の上、下半圓周，在區間[][]2,0,0,2-の圖形分別是直徑為2の下、上半圓周，設0()()d xF x f t t =⎰，則下列結論正確の是：（A ）3(3)(2)4F F =-- (B) 5(3)(2)4F F = （C ）3(3)(2)4F F = （D ）5(3)(2)4F F =-- [ ]（4）設函數(,)f x y 連續，則二次積分1sin 2d (,)d xx f x y y ππ⎰⎰等於（A ）10arcsin d (,)d yy f x y x ππ+⎰⎰ （B ）10arcsin d (,)d yy f x y x ππ-⎰⎰（C ）1arcsin 02d (,)d yy f x y x ππ+⎰⎰ （D ）1arcsin 02d (,)d yy f x y x ππ-⎰⎰（5）設某商品の需求函數為1602Q P =-，其中,Q P 分別表示需要量和價格，如果該商品需求彈性の絕對值等於1，則商品の價格是(A) 10. (B) 20 (C) 30. (D) 40. [ ] （6）曲線()1ln 1e x y x=++の漸近線の條數為 （A ）0. （B ）1. （C ）2. （D ）3. [ ] （7）設向量組123,,ααα線性無關，則下列向量組線性相關の是線性相關，則 (A) 122331,,αααααα---(B)122331,,αααααα+++(C)1223312,2,2αααααα---. (D) 1223312,2,2αααααα+++. [ ]（8）設矩陣211100121,010112000A B --⎛⎫⎛⎫ ⎪ ⎪=--= ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪--⎝⎭⎝⎭，則A 與B(A) 合同且相似（B ）合同，但不相似.(C) 不合同，但相似. (D) 既不合同也不相似 [ ] （9）某人向同一目標獨立重複射擊，每次射擊命中目標の概率為(01)p p <<，則此人第4次射擊恰好第2次擊中目標の概率為（A ）23(1)p p -. （B ）26(1)p p -.（C ）223(1)p p -. （D ）226(1)p p - [ ]（10）設隨機變數(),X Y 服從二維正態分佈，且X 與Y 不相關，(),()X Y f x f y 分別表示,X Y の概率密度，則在Y y =の條件下，X の條件概率密度|(|)X Y f x y 為 (A) ()X f x . (B) ()Y f y . (C) ()()X Y f x f y . (D)()()X Y f x f y . [ ] 二、填空題：11～16小題，每小題4分，共24分. 把答案填在題中橫線上.（11） 3231lim (sin cos )2x x x x x x x →+∞+++=+ __________.（12）設函數123y x =+，則()(0)n y =________. （13） 設(,)f u v 是二元可微函數，,y x z f x y ⎛⎫=⎪⎝⎭，則z zx y x y ∂∂-=∂∂ __________.（14）微分方程3d 1d 2y y y x x x ⎛⎫=- ⎪⎝⎭滿足11x y==の特解為y =________.（15）設矩陣0100001000010000A ⎛⎫ ⎪⎪= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭，則3A の秩為 . （16）在區間()0,1中隨機地取兩個數，則這兩個數之差の絕對值小於12の概率為 . 三、解答題：17～24小題，共86分. 解答應寫出文字說明、證明過程或演算步驟.（17） (本題滿分10分)設函數()y y x =由方程ln 0y y x y -+=確定，試判斷曲線()y y x =在點(1,1)附近の凹凸性. （18） (本題滿分11分)設二元函數222,||||11(,),1||||2x x y f x y x y x y ⎧+≤⎪=⎨<+≤⎪+⎩，計算二重積分D(,)d f x y σ⎰⎰，其中(){},||||2D x y x y =+≤.（19） (本題滿分11分)設函數(),()f x g x 在[],a b 上連續，在(,)a b 內具有二階導數且存在相等の最大值，()(),()()f a g a f b g b ==，證明：存在(,)a b ξ∈，使得()()f g ξξ''''=.（20） (本題滿分10分)將函數21()34f x x x =--展開成1x -の冪級數，並指出其收斂區間.（21） (本題滿分11分)設線性方程組123123212302040x x x x x ax x x a x ⎧++=⎪++=⎨⎪++=⎩與方程12321x x x a ++=-有公共解，求a の值及所有公共解.（22） (本題滿分11分)設三階對稱矩陣A の特徵向量值1231,2,2λλλ===-，T 1(1,1,1)α=-是A の屬於1λの一個特徵向量，記534B A A E =-+，其中E 為3階單位矩陣.（I ）驗證1α是矩陣B の特徵向量，並求B の全部特徵值與特徵向量； （II ）求矩陣B . （23） (本題滿分11分)設二維隨機變數(,)X Y の概率密度為2,01,01(,)0,x y x y f x y --<<<<⎧=⎨⎩其他.（I ）求{}2P X Y >； (II) 求Z X Y =+の概率密度.2007答案1….【分析】本題為等價無窮小の判定，利用定義或等價無窮小代換即可. 【詳解】當0x +→時，1exx --，1112x x +-，()2111cos 22x xx -=， 故用排除法可得正確選項為（B ）.事實上，0001111lnln(1)ln(1)1112lim lim lim 112x x x x x x x x x x x xx+++→→→++⋅+--+--==，或1lnln(1)ln(1)()()()1xx x x o x x o x x o x x x+=+--=+++=+-.所以應選（B ）【評注】本題為關於無窮小量比較の基本題型，利用等價無窮小代換可簡化計算. .2…….【分析】本題考查可導の極限定義及連續與可導の關係. 由於題設條件含有抽象函數，本題最簡便の方法是用賦值法求解，即取符合題設條件の特殊函數()f x 去進行判斷，然後選擇正確選項.【詳解】取()||f x x =，則0()()lim0x f x f x x→--=，但()f x 在0x =不可導，故選（D ）.事實上，在(A),(B)兩項中，因為分母の極限為0，所以分子の極限也必須為0，則可推得(0)0f =.在（C ）中，0()limx f x x →存在，則00()(0)()(0)0,(0)limlim 00x x f x f f x f f x x→→-'====-，所以(C)項正確，故選(D)【評注】對於題設條件含抽象函數或備選項為抽象函數形式結果以及數值型結果の選擇題，用賦值法求解往往能收到奇效.3…….【分析】本題實質上是求分段函數の定積分. 【詳解】利用定積分の幾何意義，可得221113(3)12228F πππ⎛⎫=-=⎪⎝⎭，211(2)222F ππ==， 202202011(2)()d ()d ()d 122F f x x f x x f x x ππ---==-===⎰⎰⎰.所以 33(3)(2)(2)44F F F ==-，故選（C ）. 【評注】本題屬基本題型. 本題利用定積分の幾何意義比較簡便.4…….【分析】本題更換二次積分の積分次序，先根據二次積分確定積分區域，然後寫出新の二次積分. 【詳解】由題設可知，,sin 12x x y ππ≤≤≤≤，則01,arcsin y y x ππ≤≤-≤≤，故應選（B ）.【評注】本題為基礎題型. 畫圖更易看出.5…….【分析】本題考查需求彈性の概念. 【詳解】選（D ）.商品需求彈性の絕對值等於d 2140d 1602Q P P P P Q P-⋅==⇒=-， 故選（D ）.【評注】需掌握微積分在經濟中の應用中の邊際，彈性等概念.6…….【分析】利用曲線の漸近線の求解公式求出水準漸近線，垂直漸近線和斜漸近線，然後判斷. 【詳解】()()11lim lim ln 1e ,lim lim ln 1e 0x x x x x x y y x x →+∞→+∞→-∞→-∞⎡⎤⎡⎤=++=+∞=++=⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦⎣⎦，所以 0y =是曲線の水準漸近線；()001lim lim ln 1e xx x y x→→⎡⎤=++=∞⎢⎥⎣⎦，所以0x =是曲線の垂直漸近線； ()()1e ln 1e ln 1e 1e lim lim 0lim lim 11xxx x x x x x y x x x x →+∞→+∞→+∞→+∞++++==+==，[]()1l i m l i m l n 1e 0xx x b y x x x →+∞→+∞⎡⎤=-=++-=⎢⎥⎣⎦，所以y x =是曲線の斜漸近線.故選（D ）.【評注】本題為基本題型，應熟練掌握曲線の水準漸近線，垂直漸近線和斜漸近線の求法.注意當曲線存在水準漸近線時，斜漸近線不存在. 本題要注意e x當,x x →+∞→-∞時の極限不同.7……..【分析】本題考查由線性無關の向量組123,,ααα構造の另一向量組123,,βββの線性相關性. 一般令()()123123,,,,A βββααα=，若0A =，則123,,βββ線性相關；若0A ≠，則123,,βββ線性無關. 但考慮到本題備選項の特徵，可通過簡單の線性運算得到正確選項.【詳解】由()()()1223310αααααα-+-+-=可知應選（A ）.或者因為()()122331123101,,,,110011ααααααααα-⎛⎫ ⎪---=- ⎪ ⎪-⎝⎭，而1011100011--=-， 所以122331,,αααααα---線性相關，故選（A ）.【評注】本題也可用賦值法求解，如取()()()TTT1231,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1ααα===，以此求出（A ），（B ），（C ），（D ）中の向量並分別組成一個矩陣，然後利用矩陣の秩或行列式是否為零可立即得到正確選項.8……【分析】本題考查矩陣の合同關係與相似關係及其之間の聯繫，只要求得A の特徵值，並考慮到實對稱矩陣A 必可經正交變換使之相似於對角陣，便可得到答案.【詳解】 由2211121(3)112E A λλλλλλ--=-=--可得1233,0λλλ===，所以A の特徵值為3,3,0；而B の特徵值為1,1,0.所以A 與B 不相似，但是A 與B の秩均為2，且正慣性指數都為2，所以A 與B 合同，故選（B ）. 【評注】若矩陣A 與B 相似，則A 與B 具有相同の行列式，相同の秩和相同の特徵值. 所以通過計算A 與B の特徵值可立即排除（A ）（C ）.9……..【分析】本題計算貝努裏概型，即二項分佈の概率. 關鍵要搞清所求事件中の成功次數. 【詳解】p ＝｛前三次僅有一次擊中目標，第4次擊中目標｝12223(1)3(1)C p p p p p =-=-，故選（C ）.【評注】本題屬基本題型.10…….【分析】本題求隨機變數の條件概率密度，利用X 與Y の獨立性和公式|(,)(|)()X Y Y f x y f x y f y =可求解. 【詳解】因為(),X Y 服從二維正態分佈，且X 與Y 不相關，所以X 與Y 獨立，所以(,)()()X Y f x y f x f y =.故|()()(,)(|)()()()X Y X Y X Y Y f x f y f x y f x y f x f y f y ===，應選（A ）.【評注】若(),X Y 服從二維正態分佈，則X 與Y 不相關與X 與Y 獨立是等價の.11….【分析】本題求類未定式，可利用“抓大頭法”和無窮小乘以有界量仍為無窮小の結論.【詳解】因為323233110222lim lim0,|sin cos |22112x x x x x x xx x x x x x x x →+∞→+∞++++===+<++， 所以3231lim (sin cos )02x x x x x x x →+∞+++=+.【評注】無窮小の相關性質：（1） 有限個無窮小の代數和為無窮小； （2） 有限個無窮小の乘積為無窮小； （3） 無窮小與有界變數の乘積為無窮小.12,……..【分析】本題求函數の高階導數，利用遞推法或函數の麥克老林展開式.【詳解】()212,2323y y x x '==-++，則()1(1)2!()(23)n n n n n y x x +-=+，故()1(1)2!(0)3n n n n n y +-=. 【評注】本題為基礎題型.13…….【分析】本題為二元複合函數求偏導，直接利用公式即可. 【詳解】利用求導公式可得1221z y f f x x y ∂''=-+∂， 1221z x f f y x y∂''=-∂， 所以122z z y x xy f f x y xy ⎛⎫∂∂''-=-- ⎪∂∂⎝⎭. 【評注】二元複合函數求偏導時，最好設出中間變數，注意計算の正確性.14…..【分析】本題為齊次方程の求解，可令y u x=. 【詳解】令yu x=，則原方程變為 33d 1d d d 22u u x u x u u x u x+=-⇒=-.兩邊積分得 2111ln ln 222x C u -=--，即222111e e y u x x x C C=⇒=，將11x y ==代入左式得 e C =，故滿足條件の方程の特解為 22e e x y x =，即ln 1x y x =+，1e x ->.【評注】本題為基礎題型.15……….【分析】先將3A 求出，然後利用定義判斷其秩.【詳解】30100000100100000()10001000000000000A A r A ⎛⎫⎛⎫ ⎪ ⎪⎪⎪=⇒=⇒= ⎪⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭. 【評注】本題為基礎題型.16……….【分析】根據題意可得兩個隨機變數服從區間()0,1上の均勻分佈，利用幾何概型計算較為簡便.【詳解】利用幾何概型計算. 圖如下：所求概率2113214A D S S ⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭===.【評注】本題也可先寫出兩個隨機變數の概率密度，然後利用它們の獨立性求得所求概率.17……..【分析】由凹凸性判別方法和隱函數の求導可得.【詳解】 方程 ln 0y y x y -+=兩邊對x 求導得A1/2 11 /2Oyxln 10y y y yy y'''+-+=， 即(2ln )1y y '+=，則1(1)2y '=. 上式兩邊再對x 求導得()2(2ln )0y y y y'''++=則1(1)8y ''=-，所以曲線()y y x =在點(1,1)附近是凸の.【評注】本題為基礎題型.18…….【分析】由於積分區域關於,x y 軸均對稱，所以利用二重積分の對稱性結論簡化所求積分. 【詳解】因為被積函數關於,x y 均為偶函數，且積分區域關於,x y 軸均對稱，所以1DD (,)d (,)d f x y f x y σσ=⎰⎰⎰⎰，其中1D 為D 在第一象限內の部分.而1222D 1,0,012,0,01(,)d d d x y x y x y x y f x y x x yσσσ+≤≥≥≤+≤≥≥=++⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰11222222220011011d d d d d d xx x x x x y x y x y x y x y ---⎛⎫ ⎪=++ ⎪++⎝⎭⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰()12ln 1212=++. 所以()D1(,)d 42ln 123f x y σ=++⎰⎰.【評注】被積函數包含22y x +時, 可考慮用極座標，解答如下：2212120,00,01(,)d d x y x y x y x y f x y x yσσ≤+≤≤+≤>>>>=+⎰⎰⎰⎰22sin cos 10sin cos d d r πθθθθθ++=⎰⎰2ln(12)=+..19…….【分析】由所證結論()()f g ξξ''''=可聯想到構造輔助函數()()()F x f x g x =-，然後根據題設條件利用羅爾定理證明.【詳解】令()()()F x f x g x =-，則()F x 在[],a b 上連續，在(,)a b 內具有二階導數且()()0F a F b ==.（1）若(),()f x g x 在(,)a b 內同一點c 取得最大值，則()()()0f c g c F c =⇒=， 於是由羅爾定理可得，存在12(,),(,)a c c b ξξ∈∈，使得12()()0F F ξξ''==.再利用羅爾定理，可得 存在12(,)ξξξ∈，使得()0F ξ''=，即()()f g ξξ''''=. （2）若(),()f x g x 在(,)a b 內不同點12,c c 取得最大值，則12()()f c g c M ==，於是 111222()()()0,()()()0F c f c g c F c f c g c =->=-<， 於是由零值定理可得，存在312(,)c c c ∈，使得3()0F c = 於是由羅爾定理可得，存在1323(,),(,)a c c b ξξ∈∈，使得12()()0F F ξξ''==.再利用羅爾定理，可得 ，存在12(,)ξξξ∈，使得()0F ξ''=，即()()f g ξξ''''=. 【評注】對命題為()()0n fξ=の證明，一般利用以下兩種方法：方法一：驗證ξ為(1)()n fx -の最值或極值點，利用極值存在の必要條件或費爾馬定理可得證；方法二：驗證(1)()n fx -在包含x ξ=於其內の區間上滿足羅爾定理條件..20….【分析】本題考查函數の冪級數展開，利用間接法. 【詳解】211111()34(4)(1)541f x x x x x x x ⎛⎫===- ⎪---+-+⎝⎭，而 10011111(1),2414333313nnn n n x x x x x ∞∞+==--⎛⎫=-⋅=-=--<< ⎪--⎝⎭-∑∑，10011111(1)(1),1311222212nn nn n n x x x x x ∞∞+==---⎛⎫=⋅=-=-<< ⎪-+⎝⎭+∑∑ ， 所以 1111000(1)(1)(1)1(1)()(1)3232n n n n nn n n n n n n x x f x x ∞∞∞++++===⎡⎤----=-+=-+-⎢⎥⎣⎦∑∑∑， 收斂區間為 13x -<<.【評注】請記住常見函數の冪級數展開.21…..【分析】將方程組和方程合併，然後利用非齊次線性方程有解の判定條件求得a .【詳解】將方程組和方程合併，後可得線性方程組12312321231230204021x x x x x ax x x a x x x x a ++=⎧⎪++=⎪⎨++=⎪⎪++=-⎩ 其係數矩陣22111011101200110140031012110101a a A a a a a ⎛⎫⎛⎫ ⎪ ⎪- ⎪ ⎪=→ ⎪ ⎪- ⎪ ⎪--⎝⎭⎝⎭. 21110111001100110003200011001100(1)(2)0a a a a a a a a a a ⎛⎫⎛⎫ ⎪ ⎪-- ⎪ ⎪→→ ⎪ ⎪-+-- ⎪ ⎪----⎝⎭⎝⎭. 顯然，當1,2a a ≠≠時無公共解.當1a =時，可求得公共解為 ()T 1,0,1k ξ=-,k 為任意常數； 當2a =時，可求得公共解為 ()T 0,1,1ξ=-. 【評注】本題為基礎題型，考查非齊次線性方程組解の判定和結構.22……【分析】本題考查實對稱矩陣特徵值和特徵向量の概念和性質.【詳解】（I ）()()5353531111111111144412B A A E ααλαλααλλαα=-+=-+=-+=-， 則1α是矩陣B の屬於－2の特徵向量.同理可得()532222241B αλλαα=-+=，()533333341B αλλαα=-+=. 所以B の全部特徵值為2，1，1設B の屬於1の特徵向量為T 2123(,,)x x x α=，顯然B 為對稱矩陣，所以根據不同特徵值所對應の特徵向量正交，可得T 120αα=.即 1230x x x -+=，解方程組可得B の屬於1の特徵向量T T 212(1,0,1)(0,1,0)k k α=-+，其中12,k k 為不全為零の任意常數.由前可知B の屬於－2の特徵向量為 T 3(1,1,1)k -，其中3k 不為零.（II ）令101011101P ⎛⎫ ⎪=- ⎪ ⎪-⎝⎭，由（Ⅰ）可得-1100010002P BP ⎛⎫ ⎪= ⎪ ⎪-⎝⎭，則011101110B -⎛⎫ ⎪= ⎪ ⎪-⎝⎭.【評注】本題主要考查求抽象矩陣の特徵值和特徵向量，此類問題一般用定義求解，要想方設法將題設條件轉化為Ax x λ=の形式. 請記住以下結論：（1）設λ是方陣A の特徵值，則21*,,,(),,kA aA bE A f A A A -+分別有特徵值21,,,(),,(A k a b f A λλλλλλ+可逆），且對應の特徵向量是相同の.（2）對實對稱矩陣來講，不同特徵值所對應の特徵向量一定是正交の23…….【分析】（I ）可化為二重積分計算；(II) 利用卷積公式可得.【詳解】（I ）{}()()12002722d d d 2d 24xx y P X Y x y x y x x y y >>=--=--=⎰⎰⎰⎰. (II) 利用卷積公式可得()(,)d Z f z f x z x x +∞-∞=-⎰20121(2)d ,01201(2)d ,12(2)120,0,z z x x z z z z x x z z z -⎧-<<⎪⎧-<<⎪⎪=-<<=-≤<⎨⎨⎪⎪⎩⎪⎩⎰⎰其他其他. 【評注】 (II)也可先求出分佈函數，然後求導得概率密度..（24） (本題滿分11分)設總體X の概率密度為1,021(),12(1)0,x f x x θθθθ⎧<<⎪⎪⎪=≤<⎨-⎪⎪⎪⎩其他12(,,X X …,)n X 為來自總體X の簡單隨機樣本，X 是樣本均值.（I ）求參數θの矩估計量θ；（II ）判斷24X 是否為2θの無偏估計量，並說明理由.【分析】利用EX X =求（I ）；判斷()?224E Xθ=. 【詳解】（I ）()101()d d d 22124x x EX xf x x x x θθθθθ+∞-∞==+=+-⎰⎰⎰， 令112242X X θθ=+⇒=-. （II ）()()()()222214444E X E X DX EX DX EX n ⎡⎤⎡⎤==+=+⎢⎥⎣⎦⎣⎦， 而()22212201()d d d 221336x x EX x f x x x x θθθθθθ+∞-∞==+=++-⎰⎰⎰， 所以 ()2225121248DX EX EX θθ=-=-+， 所以 ()()222211115441133412E X DX EX n n n n θθθ⎡⎤⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫=+=++-++≠ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎢⎥⎣⎦⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭， 故24X 不是2θの無偏估計量.【評注】要熟練掌握總體未知參數點估計の矩估計法，最大似然估計法和區間估計法.。
2007年英语真题+答案解析
河南省2007年普通高等学校选拔优秀专科毕业生进入本科阶段学习考试公共英语Part Ⅰ Word Formation (1×10 points)Directions: There are 10 incomplete statements in this part. You should fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word, and write the right answer in the brackets.1.All the men were under heavy ____ working day and night (press).2.The young industrial engineer did everything in a ____ way (leisure)3.These activities help to greatly ____ the ties among the club members (strong).4.She repeated his name ____, too shocked to say more (help).5.Many foreign words and phrases have_______the English language.(rich).6.Nowadays, we are in a very_______business environment.(competition).7.As a college student, you should aim for an __of knowledge well beyond your area of specialization.(expand)8.In our ____, the laboring people are masters of country (social).9.She is always ____ to help others (will).10.His stories written in her later years were not interesting because of his ____ of imagination(poor).Part Ⅱ Vocabulary and Structure (1×40 points)Directions: There are 40 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentences, and then write the choice in the brackets.11.One of the requirements for a fire is that the material ____ to its burning temperature.A. is heatedB. will be heatedC. be heatedD. would be heated12.I have to ________ my expenditure to my income.A. transferB. adjustC. directD. add13.If he had been in better health, he ________ more books.A. can writeB. could have writtenC. could writeD. have written14.With the development of industry, this region will surely ________.A. DevelopB. profitC. succeedD. thrive15.I’m going to spend the winter vacation in Shanghai, ________ I have relatives.A. WhichB. neverthelessC. whereD. when16. The new campus is ________ as the old one.A.twice as bigB.as twice bigC.twice bigD.big as twice17.If ________ to speak, he has no problem expressing himself.A. AskedB. askingC. askD. to be asked18.Mum is getting old, so her memory is not very ________ these days.A. TrueB. forgettableC. reliableD. credit19.Which door does this key ________to?A. SetB. fitC. becomeD. belong20.Much ________ my regret, I am unable to accept your kind invitation.A. toB. atC. withD. by21.It ought to be you ________ me that signs the letter.A. butB. in spite ofC. ratherD. rather than22.Literature must consist of words, ________ music must consist of sounds.A. even thoughB. so thatC. just asD. ever since23.If the building project ________ by the end of this month is delayed, the construction company will be fined.A. being completedB. is completedC. to be completedD. completed24.I prefer walking ________.A.to driveB.to drivingC.than driveD.than driving25.The committee a conclusion only after days of discussion.A. AchievedB. reachedC. arrivedD. completed is ________ among the seven continents.A. largestB. the largestC. largerD. the larger27. You me because I didn’t say that.A. must understandB. must be understandingC. must have understoodD. had to misunderstand28.Generally speaking, nodding your head is to saying yes.A. contraryB. equivalentC. secondaryD.relevant29.I have been to the West Lake three times 1970.A. sinceB. untilC. fromD. after30. gathering and storing information, the computer can also solve complicated problems.A. Not onlyB. UnlessC. ExceptD. Besides31.Seldom in such a rude way.A. we have been treatedB. have we been treatedC. we have treatedD. have we treated32. , that step is not safe!A. Look aroundB. Look upC. Look outD. Look down33.He went on to say that it was as important to respect others as ________ by others.A. to be respectedB. to respectC. being respectedD. respected34.I saw a traffic this morning.A. eventB. conflictC. damageD. accident35. you ought to do is to see a doctor.A. HowB. WhatC. WhichD. That36.Every means but without much result.A. have been triedB. has been triedC. have triedD. has tried37.Finding it difficult to to the climate in the city, he decided to move to the north.A. fitB. adoptC. suitD. adapt38.We must begin testing this instrument, no matter difficult it is.A. howeverB. howC. whateverD. what39.He climbed up into the tree and picked all the fruit reach.A. withinB. beyondC. offD. inside40.The man was stolen called the police.A. his walletB. the wallet of hisC. whose walletD. the wallet of whom41.Those opinions are now out of .A. orderB. formC. moodD. fashion42.Neither Mary nor her sister to the party.A. goB. are goingC. have goneD. is going43.Any student in swimming can apply for membership.A. having a keen interestB. with a keen interestingC. who is keenly interestingD. has a keen interest44.Just because he failed once, it does not that he will fail every time.A. followB. happenC. appearD. seem45.He plays not only the piano, the violin.A. and alsoB. but alsoC. but as well asD. but as well46.The population of the world is growing at a dangerous .A. stepB. measureC. rateD. progress47. him do this job by himself ?A. Why don’t letB. Why not lettingC. Why not letD. Why you not to let48.He speaks English ________ better than I.A. veryB. muchC. tooD. so49.There can be no doubt someone had visited the house before they arrived.A. whyB. whetherC. howD. that50.He grew more and more absorbed in his work, he almost forgot his meals.A. that to such an extentB. to an extent such thatC. to such an extentD. such that to an extentPart Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (2×20 points)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or incomplete statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice, and write it in the brackets.Passage 1Advertising follows us everywhere. Whenever we turn on the television, listen to the radio or open a newspaper or a magazine, we are bombarded with advertisements. They invite us to try a new type of orange juice, wear X brand jeans or watch the latest film. They beg us to notice the difference and discover the advantages. They exist to make us want what they are selling.Strangely, the more we are exposed to advertising, the less we notice it. We get so used to seeing advertisements everywhere that they become largely invisible, as if they were another part of our everyday lives. But does that mean that we are no longer affected by them?One advertising expert believes that the special power of advertising lies in the fact that we do not pay much attention to it. Dr. Krugman, who was head of research for a major advertising company for many years, says that the less we notice ads, the more we are affected by them. Dr. Krugman believes that when we stop noticing advertisements, we lower our defenses, allowing the messages of the advertisements to be taken in and stored, ready to be triggered into action at the right moment. He says that the effects of advertising on the individual are small, but over a period of time they have a powerful effect on the masses.A market analyst says that all advertising, no matter how innocent, is misleading in some way.When asked about the power of advertising in research surveys, most people agree that it works, but not on them. Almost everyone believes that they have complete control over how thousands of ads they see every day affect them.51. Ads exist to make people want________ .A. a new type of orange juiceB. X brand jeansC. to watch the latest filmD. what they advertise52. The more we see ads, the less we .A. pay attention to themB. feel tired of themC. neglect themD. put up with them53. Although we may think we are not affected by them, Dr. Krugman believes that advertisements affect________ .A. all of usB. most of usC. some of usD. a few individuals54. Dr. Krugman believes that when we stop noticing ads, we begin to________ .A. like themB. be on guard against themC. accept themD. dislike them55. When asked about the power of ads, most people agree that ads are ineffective on________ .A. IndividualsB. massesC. OthersD. themPassage 2Like most people, I was brought up to look upon life as a process of getting. It was not until in my late thirties that I made this important discovery: giving away makes life so much more exciting. You need not worry if you lack money. This is how I experimented with giving away. If an idea for improving the window display of a neighborhood store flashes to me, I step in and make the suggestion to the storekeeper. One discovery I made about giving away is that it is almost impossible to give away anything in this world without getting something back, though the return often comes in an unexpected form. One Sunday morning the local post office delivered an important special delivery letter to my home, though it was addressed to me at my office. I wrote the postmaster a note of appreciation. More than a year later I needed a post office box for a new business I was starting. I was told at the window that there were no boxes left, and that my name would have to go on a long waiting list. As I was about to leave, the postmaster appeared in the doorway. He had overheard our conversation. “Wasn’t it you that wrote us that letter a year agoabout delivering a special delivery to your home?” I said yes. “Well, you certainly are g oing to have a box in this post office if we have to make one for you. You don’t know what a letter like that means to us. We usually get nothing but complaints.”56. From the passage, we understand that________ .A. the author did not understand the importance of giving until he was in late thirtiesB. the author was like most people who were mostly receivers rather than giversC. the author received the same education as most people during his childhoodD. the author liked most people as they looked upon life as a process of getting57. According to the author, ________.A. giving means you will lack moneyB. the excitement of giving can bring you moneyC. you don’t have to be rich in order to giveD. when you give away money, you will be rich58. The author wrote a note of appreciation to the post office because________ .A. he knew what such a note would mean to the post office.B. he had discovered giving away made life all the more exciting.C. he believed he would get something back by doing so.D. the postman delivered an important letter in time.59. When the author needed a post office box, ________.A. he had to put his name on a waiting listB. he wrote the postmaster a note of appreciationC. many people had applied for post office boxes before himD. he asked the postmaster to make one for him60. In reply to the postmaster’s question, the author said ________.A. it was the special deliveryB. it was the post office boxC. it was the note of appreciation he wroteD. it was he who wrote him a letter a year agoPassage 3Generations of Americans have been brought up to believe that a good breakfast is one of life’s essentials. Eating breakfast at the start of the day, we have all been told, is as necessary as putting gasoline in the family car before starting a trip.But for many people the thought of food first thing in the morning is by no means a pleasure. So despite all the efforts, they still take no breakfast. Between 1977 and 1983, the latest years for which figures are available, the number of people who didn’t have breakfast increased by 33 percent—from 8.8 million to 11.7 million—according to the Chicago based Market Research Corporation of America.For those who feel pain or guilt about not eating breakfast, however, there is some good news. Several studies in the last few years indicate that, for adults especially, there may be nothing wrong with omitting breakfast. “Going without breakfast does not affect performance.” said Arnold E. Bender, the former professor of nutrition at Queen Eli zabeth College in London, “nor does giving people breakfast improve performance.”Scientific evidence linking breakfast to better health or better performance is surprisingly inadequate, and most of the recent work involves children, not adults. “The literature,” says one researcher, Dr. Ernesto Pollitt at the University of Texas, “is poor”.61. The passage is mainly concerned with________ .A. a study of the Chicago based Market Research CorporationB. one of life’s essentialsC. latest figures of people w ho don’t eat breakfastD. breakfast and human health62. For those who do not take breakfast, the good news is that ________.A. several studies have been done in the past few yearsB. not eating breakfast does no harm to one’s healthC. adults have especially made studies in this fieldD. eating little in the morning may be good for health63. In the third paragraph, “nor does giving people breakfast improve performance.” means________.A. anyone without breakfast does improve his performanceB. not giving people breakfast improves performanceC. people having breakfast do improve their performanceD. having breakfast does not improve performance, either64. The word “literature” in the last sentence refers to________ .A. stories about breakfastB. written works on a particular subjectC. any printed materialsD. the modern novels of American65. What is implied but not stated by the author is that ________.A. not eating breakfast might affect the health of childrenB. breakfast does not affect performanceC. Professor Bender once taught college courses in nutrition in LondonD. People who don’t eat breakfast have increasedPassage 4Each day, computers help millions of people do their jobs more effectively. For example, they can help managers decide on a future course of action, and they can then help with the follow up checks on performance to see if planned goals are being achieved. By using accurate and timely facts supplied by data base management software, a manager can do a better job of identifying problems and opportunities. And managers may not need to spend as much time in controlling when a computer can respond with a triggered report if actual performance varies from what was planned. The time saved in controlling may allow managers to give mor e attention to employees’ concerns, and this, in turn, may result in improved morale (士气).But employment benefits certainly aren’t restricted to managers. Healthcare researchers and other scientists also use computers to conduct research into complex prob lem areas that couldn’t otherwise be studied. Lawyers use online legal data banks to locate precedent (先前的) cases in order to serve clients better. Salespeople can receive more timely information about products in stock, can promise customers that their sales orders will be handled promptly, and can thus improve their sales performance because of the computer system. And the job duties of some office and factory workers have changed from routine, repetitive operations to more varied and appealing tasks through computer usage. For example, office workers who understand textprocessing, computing, and data communication usually have vital roles and are given critical office functions to perform.66. Which of the following examples shows the controlling function of a computer?A. Helping managers decide on a future course of action.B. Helping managers check if planned goals are reached.C. Helping managers save time in writing a report.D. Helping managers design a spreadsheet package.67. Employees may have better morale if________ .A. they have more time to restB. a computer is used in their workC. the manager spends more time with themD. the managers pay more attention to them68. Which of the following is the most essential to a successful businessman?A. He can use computers in his work.B. He can handle orders promptly.C. He can get timely information.D. He can improve his sales performance.69. The office duties used to be ________.A. DifficultB. boringC. HeavyD. appealing70. Which of the following is the best suggested title?A. Computers and ManagementB. Computer FunctionsC. Computer and Work PerformanceD. Employment Benefits by a ComputerPart Ⅳ Cloze (1×20 points)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage and write the corresponding letter in the brackets.We got up early this morning and 71 a long walk after breakfast. We walked 72 the business section of the city. I told you yesterday that the city 73 larger than I thought it would be. Well, the business section is smaller than I thought it would be. I suppose that’s 74 Washington is special kind of city. 75 of the people in Washington work for the government.About 9:30 we went to the White House. It’s 76 the public from 10 77 12, and there was a long line of people 78 to get in. We didn’t have to wait very long, because the line moved pretty quickly.The White House is really white. It 79 every year. And it seems very white, because it’s got beautiful lawns 80 around it, with many trees and shrubs. The grounds 81 about four square blocks. I mean, they’re about two blocks long 82 each side.Of course, we didn’t see the whole bui lding. The part 83 the President lives and works is not open to the public. But the part we saw was beautiful. We went through five of the main rooms. One of 84 was the library, on the ground floor. On the next floor, there are three rooms named 85 the colors that are used in them: the Red Room, the Blue Room, and the Green Room. The walls are covered with silk 86 . There are 87 old furniture, from the time 88 the White House was 89 built. And everywhere there are paintings and statues of former presidents and 90 famous people from history.71. A. made B. took C. did D. set72. A. among B. through C. between D. upon73. A. was B. is C. has been D. should be74. A. reason B. for C. because D. since75. A. Amounts B. Much C. A great deal D. Most76. A. open to B. opened to C. open for D. opened for77. A. near B. since C. towards D. till78. A. waited B. wait C. waiting D. to wait79. A. was painted B. has painted C. is painted D. paints80. A. all B. whole C. every D. each81. A. cover B. make C. cost D. spend82. A. about B. on C. in D. for83. A. that B. which C. where D. what84. A. that B. theirs C. it D. them85. A. for B. by C. with D. after86. A. cloth B. clothes C. clothing D. dressing87. A. many pieces of B. many bits of C. a great many D. many a88. A. which B. that C. when D. where89. A. firstly B. first C. at first D. early90. A. the other B. other C. others D. anotherPart Ⅴ Translation (2×10 points)Section ADirections: There are 5 sentences in this section. Please translate them from Chinese into English.91.他一直全身心地扑在工作上。
2007考研英语阅读真题解析和全文翻译(1994-2012)
2007 Text 1①If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006’s World Cup tournament, you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier②months of the year than in the late months. If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be ever more pronounced.③uesses: a) certain astrological signsWhat might account for this strange phenomenon? Here are a few gconfer superior soccer skills; b) winter born babies tend to have higher oxygen capacity, which increases soccer stamina; c) soccer-mad parents are more likely to conceive children in springtime, at the annual peak of soccer mania; d) none of the above.Anders Ericsson, a 58-year-old psychology professor at Florida State University, says he believes strongly in “none of the above.” Ericsson grew up in Sweden, and studied nuclear engineering until he realized he would have more opportunity to conduct his own research if he switched to psychology. His first experiment, nearly 30 years ago, involved memory: training a person to hear and then repeat a random series of numbers. “With the first subject, after about 20 hours of training, his digit span had risen from 7 to 20,” Ericsson recalls. “He kept improving, and after about 200 hours of training he had risen to over 80 numbers.”④ined, ledThis success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determ Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one. In other words, whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize, those differences are swamped by how well each person “encodes” the information. And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a process known as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task. Rather, it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome.Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying expert performers in a wide range of pursuits, including soccer. They gather all the data they can, not just performance statistics and biographical details but also the results of⑤their own laboratory experiments with high achievers. Their work makes a rather startling assertion: the trait we commonly call talent is highly overrated. Or, put another way, expert performers – whether in memory or surgery, ballet or computer programming–are nearly always made, not born.21. The birthday phenomenon found among soccer players is mentioned to[A] stress the importance of professional training.[B] spotlight the soccer superstars at the World Cup.[C] introduce the topic of what makes expert performance.[D] explain why some soccer teams play better than others.22. The word “mania” (Line 4, Paragraph 2) most probably means[A] fun.[B] craze.[C] hysteria.[D] excitement.23. According to Ericsson, good memory[A] depends on meaningful processing of information.[B] results from intuitive rather than cognitive exercises.[C] is determined by genetic rather than psychological factors.[D] requires immediate feedback and a high degree of concentration.24. Ericsson and his colleagues believe that[A] talent is a dominating factor for professional success.[B] biographical data provide the key to excellent performance.[C] the role of talent tends to be overlooked.[D] high achievers owe their success mostly to nurture.25. Which of the following proverbs is closest to the message the text tries to convey?[A] “Faith will move mountains.”[B] “One reaps what one sows.”[C] “Practice makes perfect.”[D] “Like father, like son.”【重点词汇】certificate n.证书【巧】certif (y证明) +ic（形容词后缀）+ate（作名词后缀表“物”）＝具证明性质的东西→证书。
2007年国家公务员考试行测真题及参考解析
2007年中央、国家机关公务员录用考试《行政职业能力测验》试卷第一部分言语理解与表达（共40题，参考时限30分钟）每道题包含一段话或一个句子，后面是一个不完整的陈述，要求你从四个选项中选出一个来完成陈述。
注意：答案可能是完成对所给文字主要意思的提要，也可能是满足陈述中其他方面的要求，你的选择应与所提要求最相符合。
请开始答题：1．法国语言学家梅耶说：“有什么样的文化，就有什么样的语言。
”所以，语言的工具性本身就有文化性。
如果只重视听、说、读、写的训练或语音、词汇和语法规则的传授，以为这样就能理解英语和用英语进行交际，往往会因为不了解语言的文化背景，而频频出现语词歧义、语用失误等令人尴尬的现象。
这段文字主要说明（）A．语言兼具工具性和文化性 B．语言教学中文化教学的特点C．语言教学中文化教学应受到重视 D．交际中出现各种语用错误的原因【解析】C。
从“如果只重视听、说、读、写的训练或语音、词汇和语法规则的传授……而频频出现语词歧义、语用失误等令人尴尬的现象”，可以很清楚的看到语言教学中应该重视语言文化的教育；B项语言教学中文化教学的特点题干中没有提及，A项和D项说法正确，但并非题干的观点。
2．在今天的商业世界中，供过于求是普遍现象．为了说服顾客购买自己的产品，大规模竞争就在同类商品的生产企业之间展开了，他们得经常设法向消费者提醒自己产品的名字和优等的质量，这就需要靠广告。
对这段文字概括最恰当的是：（）A．广告是商业世界的必然产物 B．各商家之间用广告开展竞争C．广告就是要说服顾客买东西 D．广告是经济活动中供过于求的产物【解析】D。
题干的观点是由于商业活动中供过于求的现象而产生了广告；其他选项都没有体现供过于求的特点。
3．空间探索自开始以来一直受到指责，但我们已经成功地通过卫星进行远程通信、预报天气、开采石油。
空间探索项目还会有助于我们发现新能源和新化学元素，而那些化学元素也许会帮助我们治愈现在的不治之症。
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Viking Invasion
By the 8th century the Danish began to invade England in a successful way until Alfred the Great, a young king of Wessex, defeated them.
美国文学当中，戏剧的历史最短。直到20世纪 30年代，才出现了美国戏剧繁荣的局面。 美国戏剧成就最大的三位： Eugene O’neill, Tennessee Williams, Arthur Miller888-1953)
The America’s greatest playwright, and the only one to receive the Nobel Prize The Emperor Jones琼斯皇 The Hairy Ape 1922毛猿 Beyond the Horizon天边外 Desire under the elms(1923) The iceman cometh(1946) 送冰的人来了
Australian Aborigines
The Maoris in New Zealand
Indians in America
The Eskimos (Inuit)
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Charlotte Bronte Jane Eyre; Shirley; Professor Emily Bronte Wuthering Heights Anne Bronte Agnes Grey
Morphology refers to the study of the internal structure of words, and the rules by which words are formed. 形态学研究词的内部结构 及构词规则（词根、词缀、词干、构词法等）。 Semantics is the study of meaning Pragmatics is the study of meaning in context
Long Day’s Journey into night(1955); 直到夜晚的漫
长一天
Tennessee Williams 田纳西· 威廉斯 战后美国戏剧的领军人物 The Glass Menagerie 玻璃动物园 The Streetcar Named Desire 欲望号列车 Cat on a Hot Tin Roof 热铁皮屋顶上的猫
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Thomas Jefferson was the third President of the United States (1801–1809), the principal author of the Declaration of Independence (1776), and—for his promotion of the ideals of republicanism in the United States—one of the most influential Founding Fathers. George Washington served as the first President of the United States from 1789 to 1797 and as the commander of the Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War from 1775 to 1783.
《米德尔玛契》Middlemarch (1871-1872)
----a portrait of life in a provincial town, is considered her masterpiece.
William Butler Yeats 叶芝 生于都柏林，爱尔兰诗人和剧作家，1923年 获得诺贝尔文学奖。早期作品带有唯美主义倾 向和浪漫主义色彩，19世纪90年代后诗风转 向现实主义。 Sailing to Byzantium 驶向拜占庭 The Tower 钟楼 The Winding Stair 盘旋的楼梯
Charles Dickens: one of the greatest critical realist writers of the Victorian Age The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club 匹克威克外传 Oliver Twist 奥利弗· 退斯特 （雾都孤儿） American Notes 美国札记 The Old Curiosity Shop 老古玩店 Dombey and Son 董贝父子 David Copperfield 大卫· 科波菲尔 Hard Times 艰难时世 A Tale of Two Cities 双城记 Great Expectation 远大前程
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The natives of Australia: The Aborigines The natives of New Zealand: The Maori
The natives of North America: The (red) Indians
Residents in Alaska and Canada: The Eskimos
Parliament
The Queen
The Senate
The House of Commons
Represented by the GovernorGeneral
Presided by the Speaker who is appointed on the advice of the Prime Minister. Senators are appointed by the GovernorGeneral
The Norman Conquest (1066-1087)
Duke of Normandy, who defeated Harold and was crowned William I in London on Christmas Day 1066. Feudal system was completely established in England.
Gaels (700 B.C.)
Britons (500 B.C.)
Belgae (100 B.C.)
Roman Invasion (55 B.C-410 A.D.)
Between 55 and 54 B.C., Julius Caesar invaded Britain twice. The real conquest began in 43 A.D. and lasted for almost 350 years.
Alexander Hamilton was the first United States Secretary of the Treasury, a Founding Father, economist, and political philosopher.
James Madison was an American politician and political philosopher who served as the fourth President of the United States (1809–1817) and is considered one of the Founding Fathers of the United States.
Arthur Miller 阿瑟· 米勒
All My Sons 全是我的儿子 Death of a Salesman 推销员之死 The Crucible 严峻的考验
《直到夜晚的漫长一天》，《欲望号列车》和 《推销员之死》被称为美国最杰出的三部戏剧。
黑人作家首部黑人小说即为莱特(Richard Wright)于1940年发表的《土生子》(Native Son)； 埃利森(Ralph Ellison) 《隐形人》(Invisible Man)； 包德温(James Baldwin) 《向苍天呼吁》(Go Tell It on the Mountain)1953；
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语言变体（speech variety）的区分表现在词 汇（lexical）、音位（phonological）、构词 （morphological）、句子结构（syntactic）等 几个方面。
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Semantic change 语义变化 1. broadening (扩大): task tax imposed – a piece of work 2. narrowing (缩小): deer beast – a particular kind of animal 3. meaning shift (转移): bead prayer – the prayer bead – small, ballshaped piece of glass, metal or wood
George Eliot
(1819-1880)
Mary Ann Cross
insightful psychological novels （心理小说 ）
Writing about life in small rural towns,
《亚当· 比德》 Adam Bede (1859) 《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》 The Mill on the Floss (1860) 《织工马南》 Silas Marner (1861)
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Phonology studies the ways in which speech sounds form systems and patterns in human languages 音系学研究能够区别意义的语音如 何形成模式并在交际中表达意义（如最小对立 体minimal pairs，<bear-pear; put-pit>）。 Phonetics is the study of the phonic medium of language. 语音学研究语言的声音媒介（如 元音与辅音的区别，辅音的分类等）。