国贸课程翻译

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外贸英语函电——PBL教学模式

教学要求
该课程分课堂授课与实训课相结合，采用PBL教学模式。课堂授课学时为36学时，实训课学时为16学时, PBL 讨论课为20学时。期末成绩将根据PBL教学模式要求进行考核，根据期末考试成绩、课堂出勤率、课堂参与度、小组讨论开展情况、对项目的贡献率、最终报告完成情况等评定最终学习成绩。
二、注重课程与企业的关联度
本课程从设立之日起就与企业有很高的关联度，体现在教学内容、教学团队、教学资源等方面 1在课程内容的选取上，针对学生未来就业岗位群的要求，企业经常开展什么样的外贸活动，我们就以这些活动的策划与组织规范为教学内容，为企业培养实用人才。在安排具体的教学内容时，借鉴和参考相关企业员工岗位标准和内训资料，使教学内容与企业高度相关，缩短课堂与企业的距离。
一、注重学生职业能力培养
针对行业发展需要整合教学模块、序化教学任务，针对学生未来的就业岗位实际需要突出技能点训练。通过对企业各种外贸活动的分析研究，课程组把课程内容整合为装扮外贸业务员、银行、保险、物流、海关、涉外礼仪6项任务，在任务之下提炼出支撑任务的主要技能点。此外，本课程在注重岗位技能训练的同时，注重素质培养目标，关注学生情商的培养，通过教学内容的合理编排和教学过程中的训练体验，提升学生的沟通能力和团队合作精神。
主讲内容
Chapter Six Conclusion of Business Chapter Seven Terms of Payment Chapter Eight Establishment and Amendment of L/C Chapter Nine Packing Chapter Ten Shipping Marks and Shipment Chapter Eleven Insurance Chapter Twelve Complaints and Claims Chapter Eighteen Other Letter Writing

《基础会计学》教学大纲-中译英翻译样本

《基础会计学》教学⼤纲-中译英翻译样本《基础会计学》教学⼤纲学时：54 学分：3⼀、课程性质本课程是⾯向南京农业⼤学经济、管理类专业本科⽣开设的⼀门专业必修课。

课程编号：1622课程名称：基础会计学英⽂名称：Fundamental Accounting⾯向专业：会计、农经、电⼦、⾦融、营销、⼈⼒、国贸主要内容：本课程主要介绍会计的⽬标、职能、对象、基本假设、⼀般原则、会计确认与计量等会计学基本理论；会计科⽬、会计账户、会计凭证、会计账簿、会计报告等会计基本知识；设置会计科⽬和账户、填制和审核会计凭证、登记会计账簿、编制会计报告等会计基本⽅法。

⼆、教学⽬的和要求通过本课程教学，使学⽣掌握会计学的基本理论、基本知识和基本⽅法，为进⼀步学习财务会计课程及相关学科打下坚实的基础。

具体要求是：（⼀）了解会计的产⽣和发展的历史、会计学的主要内容，了解会计的⽬标、职能和对象；（⼆）理解会计基本假设、掌握会计⼀般原则，掌握会计确认和计量的基本知识；（三）掌握会计核算的基本⽅法，对企业发⽣的基本经济业务能够进⾏正确的会计处理；（四）了解会计⼯作组织与管理的基础知识。

三、理论教学内容和学时安排第⼀章总论（6课时）第⼀节会计与会计学⼀、会计的定义⼆、会计的产⽣和发展三、会计学的主要内容第⼆节会计的⽬标和职能⼀、会计的⽬标⼆、会计的职能第三节会计的对象和⽅法⼀、会计的对象⼆、会计的⽅法第四节会计的基本假设和⼀般原则⼀、会计基本假设⼆、会计⼀般原则第⼆章会计确认和计量（3课时）第⼀节会计确认⼀、初次确认和再次确认⼆、会计确认的标准三、会计要素的确认第⼆节会计计量⼀、会计计量与会计确认⼆、会计计量单位三、会计计量基础第三章会计科⽬和账户（3课时）第⼀节会计科⽬⼀、会计科⽬的概念⼆、会计科⽬的设置原则三、会计科⽬的分类第⼆节会计账户⼀、会计账户的概念和分类⼆、账户的基本结构第四章借贷复式记账（6课时）第⼀节借贷记账法的理论基础⼀、单式记账和复式记账⼆、会计基本等式第⼆节借贷记账法的基本内容⼀、记账符号⼆、账户类别及其结构三、记账规则四、试算平衡第五章会计凭证（3课时）第⼀节会计凭证概述⼀、会计凭证的概念和种类⼆、会计凭证的作⽤第⼆节原始凭证⼀、原始凭证的基本内容⼆、原始凭证的填制要求三、原始凭证的审核内容第三节记账凭证⼀、记账凭证的基本内容⼆、记账凭证的填制要求和⽅法三、记账凭证的审核内容第六章会计账簿（4课时）第⼀节会计账簿概述⼀、会计账簿的概念和意义⼆、会计账簿的种类第⼆节会计账簿的格式和登记⽅法⼀、⽇记账⼆、总分类账三、明细分类账四、总分类账户和明细分类账户的平⾏登记第三节记账的规则⼀、账簿启⽤规则⼆、账簿登记规则三、错账更正⽅法第四节对账与结账⼀、对账⼆、结账第七章企业基本经济业务的核算（15课时）第⼀节资⾦筹措业务的核算⼀、账户设置⼆、核算举例第⼆节采购业务的核算⼀、账户设置⼆、核算举例第三节⽣产业务的核算⼀、账户设置⼆、核算举例第四节销售业务的核算⼀、账户设置⼆、核算举例第五节利润及其分配的核算⼀、账户设置⼆、核算举例第⼋章财产清查（3课时）第⼀节财产清查概述⼀、财产清查的意义和种类⼆、财产物资的盘存制度第⼆节财产清查的⽅法⼀、实物财产的清查⼆、货币资⾦的清查三、往来款项的清查第三节财产清查的会计处理⼀、账户设置⼆、核算举例第九章财务报告（8课时）第⼀节财务报告概述⼀、财务报告的概念和意义⼆、财务报告的种类三、财务报告的编制要求第⼆节资产负债表⼀、资产负债表的作⽤⼆、资产负债表的结构和内容三、资产负债表的编制⽅法第三节第三节利润表⼀、利润表的作⽤⼆、利润表的结构和内容三、利润表的编制⽅法四、利润分配表第四节第四节现⾦流量表⼀、现⾦流量表的作⽤⼆、现⾦流量表的结构和内容三、现⾦流量表的编制⽅法第五节第五节财务报告分析⼀、偿债能⼒分析⼆、营运能⼒分析三、获利能⼒分析第⼗章会计⼯作组织与管理（3课时）第⼀节会计⼯作组织的意义和原则⼀、会计⼯作组织的意义⼆、会计⼯作组织的原则第⼆节会计机构与会计⼈员⼀、会计机构⼆、会计⼈员第⼀节第⼀节会计法规⼀、会计法规体系⼆、会计法三、会计准则四、会计制度第四节会计档案管理⼀、会计档案的意义⼆、会计档案的⽴卷与归档三、会计档案的保管和调阅四、会计档案的销毁第五节会计电算化⼀、会计电算化概述⼆、会计电算化的特点译⽂：TeachingProgram on Fundamental AccountingCredit Hours: 54 Credits: 3I.Nature of the CourseThe course is a major required course for the undergraduatesin economic and management departments of Nanjing Agricultural University.Course No. 1622Course Name: Fundamental AccountingCourse Name in English: Fundamental AccountingOriented Majors: accounting, agriculturaleconomy, electronics, finance, marketing, human resources and internationaltrade Main Contents: the course mainly introduces the accounting objectives,functions, objects, fundamental assumptions, general principles, accountingconfirmation and measurement and other fundamental accounting theories;accounting subjects, accounts, documents, books, reports and other fundamentalaccounting knowledge; establishing accounting subjects and accounts, fillingout and verifying accounting documents, recording accounting books, preparingaccounting reports and other fundamental accounting methods.II.Teaching Goal and RequirementsThe course aims to allow the students to master fundamental accountingtheories, knowledge and methods, laying solid foundation for further learning financialaccounting and relevant courses, with specific requirements as follows:(I) Learn the creating and developing historyof accounting, the main contents of accounting and the objectives, functionsand objects of accounting;(II) Understand the fundamental assumptions ofaccounting, and master the general principles of accounting and the fundamentalknowledge on accounting confirmation and measurement;(III) Master the fundamental methods of accountingverification, capable of making correct accounting treatment for thefundamental economic business in enterprises.(IV) Understand the fundamental knowledge on theorganization and management of accounting works.III.Arrangement of Contents and Credit Hours of Theoretical Teaching Chapter I GeneralInstruction (6 credit hours)Section 1 Accounting and AccountancyI. Definition ofAccountingII. Creation andDevelopment of AccountingIII. Main Contentsof AccountancySection 2 Objectives and Functions of AccountingI. Objectives ofAccountingII. Functions ofAccountingSection 3 Objects and Methods of AccountingI. Objects ofAccountingII. Methods ofAccountingSection 4 Fundamental Assumptions and GeneralPrinciples of AccountingI. FundamentalAssumptions of AccountingII. GeneralPrinciples of AccountingChapter II Accounting Confirmationand Measurement (3 credit hours) Section 1 Accounting ConfirmationI. Initial Confirmationand Secondary ReconfirmationII. Standards forAccounting ConfirmationIII. Confirmationof Accounting ElementsSection 2 Accounting MeasurementI. AccountingMeasurement and Accounting ConfirmationII. Units ofAccounting MeasurementIII. Basis forAccounting MeasurementChapter III AccountingSubjects and Accounts (3 credit hours)Section 1 Accounting SubjectsI. Concept ofAccounting SubjectsII. EstablishingPrinciples of Accounting SubjectsIII. Classificationof Accounting SubjectsSection 2 Accounting AccountsI. Concept andClassification of Accounting AccountsII. FundamentalStructure of AccountsChapter IV Debit-CreditDouble Entry Bookkeeping (6 credit hours)Section 1 Fundamental Theory of Debit-CreditBookkeepingI. Single EntryBookkeeping and Double Entry BookkeepingII. FundamentalAccounting EquationsSection 2 Basic Contents of Debit-Credit BookkeepingI. BookkeepingSymbolsII. Types andStructures of AccountsIII. Bookkeeping RulesIV. Trial BalanceChapter V AccountingDocuments (3 credit hours)Section 1 Overview of Accounting DocumentsI. Concept and Types of Accounting DocumentsII. Functions of Accounting DocumentsSection 2 Original DocumentsI. Basic Contents of Original DocumentsII. Filling-out Requirements of Original DocumentsIII. Verification Contents of Original DocumentsSection III Bookkeeping VouchersI. Basic Contents of Bookkeeping VouchersII. Filling-out Requirements and Methods ofBookkeeping VouchersIII. Verification Contents of Bookkeeping VouchersChapter VI Accounting Books(4 credit hours)Section 1 Overview of Accounting BooksI. Concept and Meaning of Accounting BooksII. Types of Accounting BooksSection 2 Formats and Recording Methods of AccountingBooksI. JournalII. General LedgerIII. Detailed LedgerIV.Parallel Recording of General Ledger Account and Detailed Ledger AccountSection 3Bookkeeping RulesI. Book Opening RulesII. Book Recording RulesIII. Correction Methods of Accounting ErrorsSection 4 Reconciliation and SettlementI. ReconciliationII. SettlementChapter VII Checking ofBasic Economic Business in Enterprises (15 credit hours) Section 1 Checking of Funding BusinessI. Account SetupII. Examples of CheckingSection 2 Checking of Procurement BusinessI. Account SetupII. Examples of CheckingSection 3 Checking of Production BusinessI. Account SetupII. Examples of CheckingSection 4 Checking of Sales BusinessI. Account SetupII. Examples of CheckingSection 5 Checking of Profit and DistributionI. Account SetupII. Examples of CheckingChapter VIII PropertyInspection (3 credit hours)Section 1 Overview of Property InspectionI. Meaning and Types of Property InspectionII. Property Inventory SystemSection 2 Methods of Property InspectionI. Inspection of Physical PropertyII. Inspection of Monetary FundsIII. Inspection of Current AccountsSection 3 Accounting Treatment of Property InspectionI. Account SetupII. Examples of CheckingChapter IX Financial Report(8 credit hours)Section 1 Overview of Financial ReportI. Concept and Meaning of Financial ReportII. Types of Financial ReportIII. Preparation Requirements of Financial ReportSection 2 Balance SheetI. Functions of Balance SheetII. Structure and Content of Balance SheetIII. Preparation Methods of Balance SheetSection 3 Profit StatementI. Functions of Profit StatementII. Structure and Content of Profit StatementIII. Preparation Methods of Profit StatementIV. Statement of Profit DistributionSection 4 Cash Flow StatementI. Functions of Cash Flow StatementII. Structure and Content of Cash Flow StatementIII. Preparation Methods of Cash Flow StatementSection 5 Analysis on Financial ReportI. Analysis on Debt Paying AbilityII. Analysis on Operating AbilityIII. Analysis on ProfitabilityChapter X Organization andManagement of Accounting Works (3 credit hours) Section 1 Meaningand Principles of Accounting OrganizationsI. Meaning of Accounting OrganizationsII. Principles of Accounting OrganizationsSection 2Accounting Organ and PersonnelI. Accounting OrganII. Accounting PersonnelSection 3 Accounting Laws and RegulationsI. System ofAccounting Laws and RegulationsII. Accounting LawIII. Accounting RulesIV. Accounting SystemSection 4 Management of Accounting ArchivesI. Meaning of Accounting ArchivesII. Establishing and Filing of Accounting ArchivesIII. Keeping and Retrieval of Accounting ArchivesIV. Destruction of Accounting ArchivesSection 5Accounting by EDP (Electronic Data Processing) I. Overview of Accounting byEDPII. Characteristics ofAccounting by EDP。

电子商务专业英语试卷

电子商务专业英语试卷一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1、在电子商务中，下列哪个术语最常用来表示“可信赖的，安全的在线交易过程”？A.电子合同B.电子支付C.电子商务安全D.以上都是2、以下哪个选项不是电子商务的优点？A.降低交易成本B.扩大市场范围C.减少库存管理费用D.不可控的商业环境3、下列哪个协议是用于安全套接字层（SSL）连接的？A. HTTPB. FTPC. SSLD. TLS4、在电子商务中，下列哪个角色负责处理和验证用户的身份？A.用户B.电子商务网站C.认证机构D.银行5、下列哪个国家最先提出并实施了电子签名法？A.中国B.美国C.韩国D.欧盟二、填空题（每空3分，共30分）1、______是指在互联网上使用______技术来传送商业文档，如销售订单、发票、采购订单等。

2、______是用于在互联网上______的全球标准。

它是由______和______之间的一系列协议组成的。

3、______是指一种用于______的协议。

它提供了在互联网上建立安全连接的标准方法，并且可以保证数据的______和______。

4、______是指用户在______上进行的交易活动，包括______、______、______等步骤。

电子商务专业技能测试试卷一、选择题（每题1分，共20分）1、在电子商务中，下列哪个术语与“电子”无关？A.电子订单B.电子支付C.电子签名D.电子营销2、下列哪个选项最能代表电子商务的核心优势？A.提高效率B.降低成本C.提升客户体验D.扩大市场份额3、在电子商务中，下列哪个环节是交易中最关键的？A.交易前准备B.交易过程管理C.交易后服务D.交易安全保障4、下列哪个技术应用于电子商务中，可以实现数据的安全传输？A. SSL协议B. SET协议C. DSS协议D. PGP协议5、在电子商务中，下列哪个平台类型更适合个人卖家？A. B2B平台B. B2C平台C. C2C平台D. O2O平台二、简答题（每题5分，共30分）6、请简述电子商务中的“三流”是什么，并说明它们之间的关系。

《国际商务谈判》课程双语教学探讨

所花费的精力会多很多；三是教学效果的
还处在一个起步探索阶段。在２１００年５
（）四国际商务谈判》课程本身决定考核，在高职院校，学生对于学习的兴趣
月１５日由温州大学商学院、清华大学经的。国际商务谈判》国际贸易专业的核不是很高，《是对英语更是深恶痛绝，教师很
（）理选用教材。现阶段，们采五合我单纯的闭卷考试要合理得多。
（）高学生的学习兴趣。八提教学活动
纳的教材是复旦大学出版社出版的，由窦的圆满完成，了教师的“ ” 外，重除教之更
章节进行编写的，国内的教材是根据谈选送这批老师外出培训，断提高他们的采纳全英文谈判，而不而英语水平比较低的小
判的开局、报价、讨价还价、成交等不同阶英语水准；是有目的地引进英语水平比组允许一人充当翻译用英语讲，余的学二其段的策略来进行编写的。有一个亟待解较高的人才，还最好是引进有海外留学经历生可以采用中文。通过这样的考核方式，
国内出版的教材因为是中国人编写然主编的全英文教材《国际商务谈判》该要的在于学生的“ ” 如何调动学生学习，学，
的，会按照中国人的思维方式进行编写，教材紧扣“ 国际 ’ ，，绕“ 用 ’ 个主英语的兴趣，校可以通过举办类似“ 二字围应，这学英

国贸英语翻译

1、通过国际贸易，可以使消费者和贸易国获取本国没有的商品和服务。

通过国际贸易，富裕国家可以更高效的使用其劳动力、技术或资本等资源。

Trading globally gives consumers and countries the opportunity to be exposed to goods and services not available in their own countries. International trade allows wealthy countries to use their resources-whether labor ，technology ,or capital-more efficiently.2、自从实行改革开放政策以后，特别是加入世界贸易组织以后，中国的对外贸易取得了引人注目的增长。

Since the implementation of reforms and opening up policy ,especially after its accession to the WTO ,China has achieved remarkable growth in foreign trade.3、所有国家都享有公认的保护国家利益的权利，但是这个原则以及他们对世界贸易组织规则的理解都可能存在很大的差异。

All countries enjoy a recognized right to safeguard national interests ,but this principle ,as well as the interpretation of WTO rules themselves,is subject to considerable latitude in interpretation.4、在签订许可证协议之前，许可方全面了解被许可方国家有关知识产权的法律、法规。

课程翻译

新闻专业课程翻译古代汉语Ancient Chinese军事理论Military Theory军事训练Military training思想道德修养与法律基础Morality and legal basis新闻采访与写作News Reporting and Writing新闻理论Information Theory形势与政策Situation and Policies 中国文学史History of Chinese Literature计算机文化基础Computer Culture 大学计算机基础Basic Computer 大学英语College English大众传播学Mass Communication古代汉语Ancient Chinese马克思主义基本原理The basic principles of Marxism外国新闻事业史History of Foreign Journalism伦理经济学Ethical Economics人文视野中的生态学The ecology of human vision网络新闻传播Network news media 中国文化概论Introduction to Chinese Culture中国新闻事业史History of Chinese Journalism唐宋词体的演进Evolution of Tang and Song Dynasty body中国古代小说选讲Selected traditional Chinese Novels报纸编辑学Newspaper Editing美学概论Introduction to Aesthetics 欧美文学European and American Literature经济新闻学Economic News Study 现代文学专题研究Study of Modern Literature中外文学文本阅读办法Chineseand foreignliterary text toread way广播新闻学Broadcast Journalism新闻评论学Science News Review 中国现当代文学Contemporary Chinese Literature电脑报刊编辑Computer Newspaper Editor体育新闻学Sports Journalism新闻事业管理News Service Management中国现代诗歌研究Study of Modern Chinese Poetry电视新闻学TV Journalism新闻摄影News Photography西方艺术史History of Western Art 政法新闻学Political Journalism专业新闻报道Professional News Report国贸专业课程翻译国际贸易International Trade 中外文学与文化Chinese and ForeignLiterature and Culture商务信函写作Business Letter Writing 当代世界经济与政治ContemporaryWorld Economy and Politics 哲学Philosophy国际技术贸易International TechnicalTrade基础会计学Basic Accounting 基础英语Essential English 国际贸易实务International TradeAffairs外贸函电Foreign BusinessCorrespondence高等数学Advanced Mathematics 中国对外贸易China's Foreign Trade 国际金融International Finance旅管专业课程翻译饭店管理原理Principles of HotelManagement 旅游经济学Tourism Economics 旅游市场营销Tourism Marketing 军训military training全国导游基础知识Basic Knowledgeof NationalTouristGuides旅游学概论Introduction to Tourism 导游原理与实务Principles and Practicesof TouristGuides酒店前厅管理实务.Operational Practiceon LobbyManagement 酒店餐饮管理实务Operational Practiceon food andbeverageManagement旅行社经营与管理Travel AgentOperation andManagement 旅游法规Tourism Regulations旅游地理学Tourism Geography企业经营实战演练Practice ofBusinessOperation旅游心理学Traveling Psychology酒店与旅游英语Hotel and TravelingEnglish酒店客房管理实务Operational Practiceon HotelRoom工商管理课程翻译财经应用文写作Practical Writingof Finance and Economics 会计实训Accounting Training统计学实训Practice of Statistics管理学Management财务管理Financial Management项目管理Project Management经典案例 A Classic Case物流管理Logistics Management 证券投融资实务Securitie Investment and Financing Practices国际企业管理The InternationalBusiness Management 市场营销调研Marketing Research 产业经济学Industry Economics 生产运作管理ProductionOperation Management人力资源管理Human ResourcesManagement 技术创新管理TechnologicalInnovation Management企业战略管理StrategicManagement of Enterprises 公共关系学Public Relations金融学Finance电子商务E-commerce公司治理Corporate Governance。

国贸翻译(中英文互译)

bor productivity劳动生产率2.production-possibility curve(ppc)生产可能性边界3.absolute advantage绝对优势comparative advantage比较优势4.principle of comparative advantage比较优势原则：(A country will export the goods and services that it can produce at a low opportunity cost and import the goods and services that it would otherwise produce at a high opportunity cost. )5.opportunity cost机会成本(the value of other goods and services that are not produced because resources are instead used to produce this product.)increasing marginal cost 递增边际成本6.Constant Marginal Cost: 边际成本不变7.( community)indifference curve (社会)无差异曲线8. labor-intensive劳动密集型的9.terms of trade贸易条件:(the ratio of the price of its export commodity to the price of its import commodity)10.Zero-sum game 零和竞争Positive-sum game合作博弈11. Factor-endowment生产要素Factor-proportions要素比例12.Export-oriented 、import-competing sector出、进口导向部门13.economic growth经济增长balanced growth平衡增长biased growth 偏颇增长immiserizing growth悲惨性增长14. product cycle hypothesis 产品生命周期理论The five stages: 五个阶段The introduction of the product；Expansion of production for export ；Standardization and beginning of production abroad through imitation ；Foreign imitators underselling the nation in third markets ；Foreigners underselling the innovating firms in their home market as well.15.Dutch disease荷兰病Alternative Theories of Trade贸易的替代理论16.Monopolistic competition垄断竞争Global oligopoly全球寡头垄断17.Constant returns to scale规模报酬不变Internal scale economies内部规模经济External scale economies外部规模经济18.Intra-industry Trade产业内部贸易(two way trade in which a country both exports and imports the same or very similar products) Inter-industry trade产业间贸易(a country exports some products in trade for imports of others quite different products)19.Small country (price-taker)小国Large country (price-setter)大国20.Tariff关税: （a tax on importing a good or service into a country customs）countervailing duties（反补贴税）anti-dumping duties（反倾销税）Specific tariff(从量税) Ad Valorem tariff (从价税) Compound tariff (复合税) Alternative duties (选择税）Monopsony power买方垄断势力The Nationally Optimal T ariff全国最优关税21.consumption effect消费效应production effect生产效应22.Nontariff barriers (NTBS)非关税壁垒Import Quota (Quota) 进口配额import-license auction进口许可证拍卖resource-using application procedures使用资源的应用程序Resource-using procedures资源使用的过程Voluntary Export Restraints （VER）(自愿出口限制) TBT( technical barrierto trade) (技术性贸易壁垒)23.Domestic Content Requirements国内成分要求Mixing requirements混合要求Net loss净损失ernment procurement政府采购业务fixed favoritism固定偏袒25.Market failure市场失灵Government failure政府失灵26.The infant industry幼稚产业spillover effect 溢出效应27.Predatory dumping掠夺性倾销（恶性倾销）Cyclical dumping周期性倾销Seasonal dumping季节性倾销: sell off excess inventories of a product 28.Antidumping duty反倾销税(discrepancy不符)Export Subsidy出口补贴Government subsidize exports政府补贴出口Countervailing duty反补贴税Strategic export subsidy战略性出口补贴Game theory.博弈理论29.price discrimination价格歧视30.Trade Blocs贸易集团: each member country can import from other member countries freely, or at least cheaply, while imposing barriers against imports from outside countries.31. Trade embargoes贸易禁运: some countries discriminate completely against certain other countries, for a policy dispute. Block exports to or imports from, even block both exports and imports.32.Free-trade area自由贸易区: members remove trade barriers among themselves but keep their separate national barriers against trade with the outside world. (NAFTA北美自由贸易区)33.Customs Union关税联盟: members remove all barriers to trade amongthemselves and also adopt a common set of external barriers. (EEC,欧洲经济共同体European Economic Community 1957-1992)34. Preferential Trade Arrangement优惠贸易协定: provide lower barriers on trade among participating nations on trade than with nonmember nations35. Common Market共同市场: members allow full freedom of factor flows (migration of labor and capital) among themselves in additional to having a customs union. (EC欧共体（European Community)36.Most favored nation principle( MFN最惠国): any concession given to any foreign nation must be given to all nations having MFN status 37.Trade creation贸易创造: net volume of new trade created by forming the trade bloc. Increase the welfare of the country because it shifts productions from less efficient domestic producers to the more efficient producers inside union.38.Trade diversion贸易转向: the volume of trade diverted from low-cost outside exporters to higher-cost bloc-partner exporters. Reduce the welfare of the country. ASEAN东南亚国家联盟APEC亚太经贸合作组织Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation39.H—O model: a nation will export the commodity whose production requires the intensive use of the nation’s relatively abundant and deep factor and import the commodity whose production requires the intensive use of the nation’s relatively scare and expensive factor.。

国贸实务习题1

国贸实务习题1国贸实务练习题1一、英译汉1、Sales by Sample2、Sample for Reference3、Counter sample4、Duplicate Sample5、F.A.Q.6、gross for net7、more or less clause8、Conditioned Weight二、填空题：1、商品品质是指商品的和的综合。

2、国际贸易中表示商品品质的方法可分为二大类，一是用表示，包括和；二是用表示，包括、、、、和。

3、凭样品交易中的出口商对于“货”“样”难以一致的商品，应在合同中加列的字样或类似的条款。

4、在按标准洽谈交易时应说明以免发生争议。

5、品质机动幅度的规定办法有三：（1）；（2）；（3）。

6、进出口贸易合同中数量条款的基本内容是和。

7、目前国际上常用的度量衡制有、、和。

我国目前使用的是。

8、国际贸易中计算重量的方法主要有、、和、。

计算皮重的方法有、、和。

9、对溢短装部分的货物价格，通常有如下几种确定方法：（1）按计算；（2）按计算；（3）按计算。

10、若合同中未明确按何种方法计价时，根国际贸易惯例应按计算。

三、判断题：（）1、我出口大豆一批，在合同中明确规定大豆的水份为14％，含油量18％，杂质1％，不完善粒7％。

这样的规定既科学又合理，事后不会发生纠葛。

（）2、凭卖方样品洽谈业务，卖方在对外寄送样品的同时，应留一复样存放检验机构，以便日后凭以核对放行。

（）3、在出口贸易中，表示品质的方法多种多样，为了明确责任，最好采用既凭样品又凭规格买卖的做法。

（）4、凭样品买卖中，凡是样品都能作为卖方交货的品质依据。

（）5、出口合同中的品质规格条款要订得高一点，以便提高出口商品的售价，保证其销路和信誉。

（）6、在约定的品质机动幅度或品质公差范围内的品质差异，除非另有规定，一般不另行增减价格。

（）7、国际贸易中使用最多的计量方法是按重量计算。

（）8、在国际石油交易中，“桶”在不同国家换算为公吨的数量是相同的。

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政治经济学Plutonomy
高等数学Advanced Mathematics
思想道德与法律基础Cultivation of Ethic Thought and Fundamentals of Law 体育Physical Education
计算机应用基础Foundations of Computer Application
大学英语College English
经济法Economic Laws
公共关系学Public Affairs Issues
邓小平理论概论Introduction of Deng Xiaoping Theory
国际贸易International Trade
数据库原理与应用Database Principles and Applications
现代经济学Modern Economics
会计学Accounting
货币银行学Monetary Banking
法律基础Fundamentals of Law
国际金融学International Financial
国际经济合作International Economics Cooperation
国际贸易实务International Trade Practice
财政与税收Finance & Revenue
应用统计Applied Statistics
报关理论与实务Customs Declaration Theory and Practice
保险学Insurance
外贸英语函电English Correspondence on Foreign Trade
专业英语Specialized English
国际市场营销International Marketing
国际货运理论与实务Grandstar Cargo Theory and Practice
国际商务谈判Negotiation on Business Affairs
市场营销实习Marketing Practical Training
应用文写作Practical Writing
形势与政策Situation & Policy
电子商务理论与实务Electronic Commerce Theory and Practice
国际贸易法International Trade Law
国际商务英语口语International Business Oral English
外贸单证Trade Documents
国际贸易实训International Trade Practice Training
现代物流Modern Logistics
社会实践Social Practice。