全新版大学英语第二册单词表
全新版大学英语单词详解 Book2 Unit2
Unit 2 ValuesText A A Life Full of Riches1. (L. 2) confront: vt.1) (of a problem, difficulty, etc.) face (sb.) threateningly* The difficulties that confront us seem insuperable.* A major difficulty that confronts international students is how best to judge the quality ofa program in a foreign university.2) (of a person) face and deal with (a problem, difficulty, etc.)军人必须面对危险和死亡。
(=A soldier has to confront danger and death.)* Astronauts have to confront the unknown.be confronted with: be brought face to face(=The prisoner was confronted with his accusers.)* conclusions that can be confronted with experience2. (L. 3) donation: n. money or goods given for a good cause* The hospital receives a good deal of money in donations.他们对慈善事业慷慨捐助。
(=They made a generous donation to charity.)Collocation:a blood donation 献血make/give a donation 捐赠promise a donation 允诺捐助3. (L. 5) confusion: n. a state of uncertainty about what sth. means, etc.* The enemy retreated in great confusion.他们的突然到来打乱了我们的计划。
全新版大学英语综合教程2第一单元单词
这是综合教程2的uint1的New Words and Expressionsstylen. manner of doing things 行为方式，风格bustlinga. full of busy activity 繁忙的，熙攘的kindergartenn. 幼儿园elementarya. 基本的，初级的，基础的tellinga. impressive; effective 难忘的；有力的lobbyn. （旅馆的）大堂，（公共场所入口处的）大厅attachvt. fasten or join (one thing to another) 系，贴，连接attendant▲n. 服务员；侍者，随从slot▲n. a narrow opening 狭缝，狭槽vigorouslyad. energetically 用力地；精力充沛地vigorous a.tendera. young; gentle and loving 年幼的；温柔的not in the leastnot at allfind one's wayreach a destination naturally; arrive at 到达；进入，流入bangv. (cause to) make a sudden loud noise, esp. by hitting two things together 猛敲，猛击exploratorya. done in order to find out sth. 探索的phenomenon (pl phenomena or phenomenons)n. 现象staffn. 全体职工，全体雇员initiala. of or at the beginning, first 开始的，最初的assistv. help 帮助repositionvt. 改变…的位置insertvt. put, fit, place (in, into, between) 插入，嵌入somewhatad. to some degree, a little 有点，稍微expectantlyad. 期待地awaitvt. (fml) wait for 等待，等候occasionn. a particular time when sth. happens 时刻，场合on occasionnow and then 有时，间或frownv., n. 皱眉slightlyad. 轻微地slight a.neglectvt. give too little attention or care to 忽视parentala. of a parent or parents 父的，母的；父母的relevanta. directly connected with the subject 有关的，切题的investigatev. try to find out information about 调查；探究creativityn. the ability to make new things 创造力anecdote▲n. a short amusing story about a particular person or event 趣闻，轶事exceptionn. 例外colleaguen. a person one works with 同事actionn. 动作；行动on one's ownwithout anyone's help; alone 独立地；独自地desirablea. worth wanting 值得向往的；称心的accomplishvt. manage to do (sth.) 完成（某事）activityn. 活动，行动accomplishmentn. skill; successful completion 本领，技艺；完成，成就in due courseat the proper time 在适当时机sympatheticallyad. 同情地sympathetic a.criticala. very important; very serious or dangerous 至关重要的；危急的effectivelyad. 有效地effective a.self-reliancen. acting without asking for support from others 依靠自己，自力更生principala. (rather fml) main, chief 主要的，首要的rearvt. look after until fully grown up 养育，抚养make up forrepay with sth. good, compensate for 补偿，弥补misdeedn. a wrong or wicked act 不端行为viewvt. (fml) regard, consider 看待，考虑creativea. resulting from newness of thought 独创的solutionn. (the act of finding) an answer to a problem 解决（问题的办法）；解答in retrospect回顾artistica. relating to art 艺术的well-intentioneda. having good intentions 好意的intentionn. purpose 意图observern. 观察者，观察员clumsilyad. awkwardly and ungracefully 笨拙地clumsy a.extremea. very great 极度的，极端的n. the furthest possible limit, an extreme degree 极端，过分facilityn. (fml) ability to do sth. easily and well; (pl) equipment, aids, etc. which make it easy to do things 熟练，灵巧；设备，设施moldvt. make (sth.) into a particular shape or form 塑造performancen. 表现，行为；演出，表演traditionn. 传统continuala. happening again and again, repeated 不断的，一再重复的applyvi. 适用；申请calligraphern. 书法家work no/at从事craftn. skill, esp. with one's hand 手艺；工艺reversaln. a complete change of order, direction, or position 颠倒priorityn. sth. that one must do before anything else; sth. that holds a high place among competing claims 优先考虑的事；重点bolda. brave and confident 勇敢的，无畏的departuren. action different from (what is usual or expected); an act of leaving 背离；出发，离开inseparablea. impossible to separate from sth. else 不可分离的evolvev. (cause to) develop gradually （使）逐步发展summarizevt. make a short account of the main points (of sth.) 总结，概述originalityn. 新颖；独创性independencen. the state of being free or not controlled by another person, country, etc. 独立；自主contrastv. 对比culturen. 文化harborvt. keep (sth.) secretly in one's mind 怀有fearfula. (fml) afraid 害怕的，担心的(on the one hand) … on the other hand一方面…，另一方面…comparablea. that can be compared with sth. 比得上的；可比的promotevt. help to grow or develop 促进，推进emergevi. come out 出现pick upgain; learn 获得；学会overstatevt. state too strongly 把…讲得过分，夸大enormousa. extremely large 巨大的；极大的technologicala. 技术的，工艺的innovation▲n. (an example of) the introduction of sth. new 革新；新事物exaggeratev. make (sth.)seem larger, better, etc. than it really is 夸大，夸张breakthrough▲n. an important event or discovery 突破reliance▲n. dependence 依靠，依赖achievementn. 成就；成绩valida. based on truth or sound reasoning 有根据的foster▲vt. help the growth and development of 培养worthwhilea. worth doing, worth the trouble taken 值得的superiora. better than average or than others of the same type 优良的；较好的。
全新版大学进阶英语综合教程2 第二单元单词语法
Language Focus一、Text生词exchange:v. give to and receive from one another 交换e.g. The students exchanged gifts at the end of the New Year’s party.新年晚会临近结束时，学生们相互交换了礼品。
bring oneself to do sth.: force oneself to do sth. 强迫或促使自己做某事e.g. My friend is a perfect gentleman and he would never bring himself to say nasty things about others.我朋友是位十足的绅士，从不对人恶语相向。
retired:a. no longer active in one’s work or profession 退休的e.g. Many retired people live a wonderful life.不少退休人员活得很精彩。
correspondence:n. communication by exchange of letters; letters exchanged 通信，往来书信e.g. It’s not easy to keep correspondence with people for long.跟人保持长期通信不是件容易事。
overwhelm:vt. overcome completely in mind or feeling 压倒，使难以承受e.g. Jenny is a very determined girl and no difficulty will overwhelm her.简妮是个意志坚强的女生，没有什么困难能难倒她。
dominate:v. be in control 控制，支配e.g. Reporting of the terrorist attack dominated today’s news media around the world.今天世界各国的新闻媒体都大量报道了这一恐怖袭击活动。
全新版大学英语单词详解 Book2 Unit5
Unit 5 Overing ObstaclesText A True Height1.(L、1) sweat:1.v、produce sweat*The white shirts were sweated through、*He was sweating after working so hard、2、n、liquid which es out from the body through the skin to cool it(=I was covered in sweat after running to catch the bus、)2.(L、8) grace: n、1) quality of being smooth and elegant, esp、in movement or structure*We admired the grace with which the fashion models walked across the room、*She danced with a grace that surprised us、2) kindness; willingness to do what is right*She had the grace to say that he was right、*她勉强地承认她错了。
(=He agreed that he was wrong with bad grace、)3.(L、10) mere: adj、nothing more than(=She lost the election by a mere 20 votes、)光说无济于事。
(=Mere words won’t help、)4.(L、10) fantasy: n、(creation of ) imagination*The story is a fantasy、*He lives in a world of fantasy、CF: fantasy, fancy & imaginationfantasy 通常指无限制得,不受意志支配得,完全脱离现实得空想。
新编大学英语(二)词汇
新编大学英语（二）（浙大版）anthropologist [1n7r4'p3l4d9ist] n.人类学家apparently [4'p1r4ntli]adv.看来，显然地appropriate [4'pr4upriit]adj.适当的，恰当的bark [ba:k]v.吠叫broccoli ['br3k4li]n.花椰菜butterfly ['b8t4flai]n.蝴蝶calorie ['k1l4ri]n.卡(路里)disgustingadj.令人作呕的，令人恶心的fertilize ['f4:tilaiz]v.使肥沃forbid [f4'bid]v.禁止gram [gr1m]n.克hamburger ['h1mb4:g4]n.汉堡包manure [m4'nju4]n.粪便nauseating ['n3:sieiti6]adj.使人恶心的nomad ['n3m4d]n.游牧部落的一员，流浪者nutritious [nju:'tri54s]adj.有营养的pork [p3:k]n.猪肉protection [pr4'tek54n] n.保护protein ['pr4uti:n]n.蛋白质rat [r1t]n.鼠sacred ['seikrid]adj.神圣的sufficientlyadv.足够地termite ['t4:mait]n.白蚁trichinosis [triki'nousis] n.旋毛虫病，毛线虫病be sick呕吐be sick of...对……感到厌烦的in addition此外pick up拿起regard... as把……看成……related ton.与……相关achieve [4't5i:v]v.获得或达到appetite ['1pitait]n.食欲，胃口association [4's4usi'ei54n] n.社团，协会，学会cafeteria ['k1fi'ti4ri4]n.自助餐馆casual ['k19ju4l]adj.偶尔的，非正式的chalkboard ['t53:kb3:d]n.黑板commonly ['k3m4nli]adv.通常地，常常地decline [di'klain]n.下降，减少diner ['dain4]n.食客distinctive [dis'ti6ktiv]adj.有区别的，有特色的documentation [d3kjumen'tei54n] n.文献资料，文件证据drive-inn.顾客无需下车即可得到服务的餐馆expression [iks'pre54n]n.表示；表达feature ['fi:t54]v.给某物显著地位，将……特写formal ['f3:m4l]adj.正式的graphics ['gr1fiks]n.制图法，制图学guidelinen.指导方针handle ['h1ndl]v.拿，抓historian [his't3:ri4n]n.历史学家legibility [led9i'biliti]n.(字迹、印刷)清晰，易读management ['m1nid9m4nt]n.经营，管理mood [mu:d]n.心情，情绪originality [4'rid9i'n1liti]pancake ['p1nkeik]n.薄煎饼photography [f4't3gr4fi]n.摄影，照相pizza ['pi:ts4]n.意大利馅饼，比萨饼pleasing ['pli:zi6]adj.使人喜爱的；合意的preserve [pri'z4:v]v.保存printing ['printi6]n.印刷publication ['p8bli'kei54n]n.出版物rationing ['r154ni6]n.定量供应recitation [resi'tei54n]n.背诵，朗诵singular ['si6gjul4]adj.突出的souvenir ['su:v4ni4]n.纪念品steak ['steik]n.牛排theme [7i:m]n.主题underestimate ['8nd4r'estimeit] v.低估version ['v4:54n]n.版本voyage [v3id9]n.航行above all最重要的出去吃饭give... credit for...因……赞扬/尊敬……give way to让位于absorption [4b's3:p54n]n.吸收acid ['1sid]n.酸amino acidn.氨基酸anemia [4'ni:mi4]n.贫血症automobile ['3:t4m4bi:l]n.[美]汽车，机动车bacon ['beik4n]n.咸猪肉，熏猪肉calcium ['k1lsi4m]n.[化]钙carbohydrate ['ka:b4u'haidreit]n.碳水化合物，糖类；(plural)淀粉质或糖类食物citrus ['sitr4s]n.柑桔属果树clot [kl3t]v.使(血等)凝固cod [k3d]n.鳕headlight ['hedlait]n.(汽车等的)前灯jelly ['d9eli]n.果冻leafy ['li:fi]adj.长有叶子的lemon ['lem4n]n.柠檬liver ['liv4]n.肝脏milligram ['miligr1m]n.毫克(千分之一克) mineral ['min4r4l]n.矿物质mixture ['mikst54]n.混合物nutrient ['njutri4nt]n.营养成分nutritionist [nju:'tri54nist] n.营养学家oxygen ['3ksid94n]n.[化]氧, 氧气pepper ['pep4]n.辣椒phosphorus ['f3sf4r4s]n.磷pollution [p4'lu:54n]n.污染poultry ['p4ultri]n.[总称]家禽肉rickets ['rikits]n.佝偻病starch [sta:t5]n.淀粉tissue ['tisju:]n.[生]组织tropical ['tr3pik4l]adj.热带的ultraviolet ['8ltr4'vai4lit] adj.紫外(线)的in short总之，简言之acquaintance [4'kweint4ns]n.认识的人adverselyadv.有害地assurance [4'5u4r4ns]n.把握，信心circulate ['s4:kjuleit]v.循环，周旋concept ['k3nsept]n.概念，观念contrast ['k3ntr1st, k4n'tr1st]n.对比，相比converse [k4n'v4:s, 'k3nv4:s]v.聊天，闲谈determined [di't4:mind]adj.坚决的；意志坚定的detrimental ['dAtr4'mAntl]adj.有害的disappointment ['dis4'p3intm4nt] n.令人失望的人或事物dwell [dwel]v.谈或想得太多eliminate [i'limineit]v.消除，排除enthusiastically [in'7ju:zi'1stik4li] adv.满腔热情地esteem [is'ti:m]n.尊重，看重excessivelyadv.过多地expectation ['ekspek'tei54n]n.期望fulfillingadj.令人高兴的，令人满意的hobby ['h3bi]n.业余爱好inadequacy [in'1dikw4si] n.无法胜任，信心不足inferior [in'fi4ri4]adj.低劣的inferiority [infi4ri'2:iti] n.自卑情绪；低劣jealousy ['d9el4si]n.妒忌overcome ['4uv4'k8m] v.战胜，克服overdo [ouv4'du:]v.做得过火overweight ['ouv4weit] adj.超重的，过胖的passive ['p1siv]adj.被动的；消极的profound [pr4'faund] adj.深刻的realistic [ri4'listik]adj.现实的，实际的reasonable ['ri:zn4bl] adj.合情理的，适度的reevaluate [`ri:i'v1ljueit] v.重新估计rejection [ri'd9ek54n] n.拒绝，抛弃slim [slim]adj.苗条的spontaneouslyadv.自发地statement ['steitm4nt] n.讲述的话swirl [sw4:l]v.打转thoughtfullyadv.考虑周到地timid ['timid]adj.胆怯的，害羞的unattractive [8n4'tr1ktiv]adj.不诱人的uncomfortable [8n'k8mf4t4bl] adj.不自在的worrisome ['w4:is4m]adj.令人忧虑的，令人烦恼的a great/good many很多come along突然出现dwell on谈或想得太多hand in hand密切关联地have something at heart关心某事物in contrast与……形成对比，与……相反in general通常，总的说来live up to符合，不辜负(期望)set aside(为某目的)节省或保留(钱或时间) speak up明确而坦率地说出想法accent ['1ks4nt, 1k'sent]v.强调profit ['pr3fit]v.从……中吸取教益appointment [4'p3intm4nt]n.预约，约会aptitude ['1ptitju:d]n.天资，天赋attach [4't1t5]v.缚，贴，系，连接awe [3:]n.敬畏bounce [bauns]v.弹起confine [k4n'fain]v.限制，使局限crib [krib]n.有围栏的童床deafness ['defnis]n.聋despair [dis'pA4]n.绝望disagreement ['dis4'gri:m4nt] n.分歧，意见不合dismissal [dis'mis4l]n.解雇，开除divorce [di'v3:s]n.离婚elect [i'lekt]v.选举employer [im'pl3i4]n.雇用方，雇主endure [in'dju4]v.持续，持久frown [fraun]n.皱眉，蹙额，不悦fur [f4:]n.(兔、猫等的)软毛，柔毛gown ['gaun]n.长袍，特殊场合穿的长服gratitude ['gr1titju:d]n.感激，感谢habituallyadv.习惯地，通常地jail [d9eil]n.[美]监狱jingle ['d9i6gl]v.(使某物)发出丁当声misfortune [mis'f3:t54n]n.不幸，厄运neurologicallyadv.与神经方面有关地newborn ['nju:b3:n]adj.新生的optimist ['3ptimist]n.乐观的人，乐观主义者overflow ['4uv4'fl4u]v.充满，洋溢pediatrician ['pi:di4'tri5n]n.儿科医生pessimist ['pesimist]n.悲观的人，悲观主义者prediction [pri'dik54n]n.预言的事物prophecy ['pr3fisi]n.预言，预告reassuring [ri:4'5uri6]adj.使人消除恐惧和疑虑的，使人放心的reverse [ri'v4:s]v.使颠倒，使逆转self-fulfillingadj.(预言等)本身自然会实现的setback ['setb1k]n.挫折temporary ['temp4r4ri]adj.暂时的threatening ['7retni6]adj.不祥的undermine [8nd4'main]v.逐渐削弱或暗中破坏apt to常会，容易(有某种倾向)be prone to易于(做某事，常指不好的事)bounce back(informal)受挫折后恢复原状cheer up高兴起来in a... light从……的角度，从……的观点in the grip of受……控制in the meantime在此期间，与此同时run for竞选color ['k8l4]v.影响answering service[美]代接电话服务站(为外出的用户代接电话，待其返回汇报所接电话内容) knock [n3k]n.不幸，困难，挫折academic ['1k4'demik]adj.学术的acquire [4'kwai4]v.获得；学到assume [4'sju:m]v.假定，以为cliche ['kli:5ei]n.陈腔滥调colleague ['k3li:g]n.同事dodge [d3d9]v.躲闪，躲避doughnut ['d4un8t]n.炸面圈，多纳圈dumb [d8m]adj.(informal)愚蠢的explanatory [iks'pl1n4t4ri]adj.解释的，说明的fate [feit]n.命运fearful ['fi4ful]adj.担心的，惊恐的helplessnessn.无助inclinedadj.倾向于……的incompetent [in'k3mpit4nt] adj.能力不足的inoculate [i'n3kjuleit]v.给……接种，给……注射疫苗insurance [in'5u4r4ns]n.保险interview ['int4vju:]n.面试justify ['d98stifai]v.证明……正当(或有理，正确) long-termadj.长期的optimism ['3ptimizm]n.乐观，乐观主义pessimism ['pesimizm]n.悲观representative ['repri'zent4tiv] n.代表resume [ri'zju:m]n.[美]简历scrutinize ['skru:tinaiz]v.仔细检查shoelace ['5u:leis]n.鞋带trial ['trai4l]n.试验triumph ['trai4mf]n.胜利warning ['w3:ni6]n.警告，告诫hold somebody back阻碍某人，阻止某人in a bad/happy, etc. mood心情不好/好等keep track of了解……情况reach out for急切寻求count [kaunt]v.值得重视breed [bri:d]v.导致，造成say [sei]v.假定，比方说acceptable [4k'sept4bl]adj.值得接受的bliss [blis]n.洪福，极乐clerical ['klerik4l]adj.文书或办事员的complacency [k4m'pleis4nsi]n.(derog.)自满，自得contingency [k4n'tind94nsi]n.偶发事件crystallize ['krist4laiz]v.(使思想、计划等)变得清晰而明确downward ['daunw4d]adj.向下的，下降的efficient [i'fi54nt]adj.(指人)有能力的estimate ['estimit, 'estimeit] v.估计evaluate [i'v1ljueit]v.评价，估计flaw [fl3:]n.缺点，瑕疵foresee [f3:'si:]v.预知，预料formula ['f3:mjul4]n.公式frantically ['fr1ntik4li]adv.发狂地, 发疯地hastily ['heistili]adv.过于匆忙地，急急忙忙地hop [h3p]v.(指人)单足跳跃，单足跳行implication [impli'kei54n] n.含义，暗示instability ['inst4'biliti]n.不稳定；不稳固invent [in'vent]v.发明inventory ['inv4n't4uri]n.详细目录，清单logical ['l3d9ik4l]adj.合逻辑的；推理正确的moral ['m3r4l]adj.道德的；伦理的occupation ['3kju'pei54nl] n.(formal)工作，职业outcome ['autk4m]n.结果，效果periodically [pi4ri'3dik4li]adv.周期性地，定期地probable ['pr3b4bl]adj.可能的，有望发生或实现的procrastination [prou'kr1sti'nei5n] n.拖延，耽搁pursue [p4'sju:]v.(继续)从事或忙于(某事物) rationalization [`r154n4lai'zei54n] n.合理化resort [ri'z3:t]v.求助于，诉诸于sociologist ['s4usi'3l4d9ist]n.社会学家stigma ['stigm4]n.耻辱；污名striking ['straiki6]adj.引人注意的trend [trend]n.趋向，趋势undergo ['8nd4'g4u]v.经历，经受vigilant ['vid9il4nt]adj.警惕的，警觉的wishful ['wi5ful]adj.怀有希望的，表达愿望的at stake冒风险every so often偶乐，不时in case(以防)万一in reality事实上，实际上lead to导致resort to求助于，诉诸于seize (up) on抓住，把握start over重新开始take stock of(对情况、某人的能力等)进行检查、评估和鉴定talk over讨论course of action行动步骤line of work行业、行当get ahead发展career hopping跳槽cape [keip]n.岬，海峡commuter [k4'mju:t4]n.(尤指市郊之间)乘公交车辆上下班者conceive [k4n'si:v]v.构思，设想；怀孕editor ['edit4]n.编辑educate ['edju1:3keit]v.教育freshman ['fre5m4n]n.大学一年级学生hedge [hed9]n.防止可能造成损失的手段intern [in't4:n]n.实习生landscaper ['l1n'skeip4, -nd's-]n.园林学家，庭园设计师lifeguard ['laifg2:d]n.(游泳场的)救生员option ['3p54n]n.选择personnel ['p4:s4'nel]n.人员，职员 a.有关人事的postpone [p4ust'p4un]v.推迟screen [skri:n]n.屏幕select [si'lekt]v.选择spot [sp3t]n.地点，场所squad [skw3d]n.班，小队stipend ['staipend]n.薪金，定期生活补助supermarket ['sju:p4'ma:kit]n.超级市场come along跟着meet with和……会面on the spot立即，当场shortsighted ['53:t'saitid]adj.目光短浅的contact ['k3nt1kt, k4n't1kt]n.熟人，有影响的熟人，有用的社会关系make every effort竭尽所能career-orientedadj.与将来的事业相关的year-roundadj.整年的，一年到头的copy ['k3pi]n.广告的文字稿accountant [4'kaunt4nt]n.会计adventuresome [4d'vent54s4m] adj.爱冒险的ambitious [1m'bi54s]adj.有雄心的；野心勃勃的analyst ['1n4list]n.分析家，分析员analytical [1n4'litikl]adj.分析的；用分析法的argumentative [2:gju'mA4nt4tiv] adj.爱争论的，好辩论的artistic [a:'tistik]adj.艺术的bond [b3nd]n.债券bookkeeper ['buk'ki:p4]n.簿记员broker ['br4uk4]n.经纪人(如替人买卖股票的) cashier [k1'5i4]n.出纳员clinical ['klinikl]adj.临床的competitive [k4m'petitiv]adj.竞争的，比赛的complicate ['k3mplikeit]v.使复杂化conformingadj.遵守(规则、法则等)的conscientious ['k3n5i'en54s] adj.认真的，尽责的consultant [k4n's8lt4nt]n.顾问convention [k4n'ven54n]n.习俗，惯例cooperative [k4u'3p4r4tiv] adj.合作的，愿意协助的domineering [d3mi'ni4ri6] adj.专横的，跋扈的energetic ['en4'd9etik]adj.精力充沛的，充满活力的enlighteningadj.有启迪作用的，使人感悟的file [fail]n.档案frank [fr16k]adj.坦率的gallery ['g1l4ri]n.陈列馆，美术馆，画廊idealistic [ai'di4listik]adj.理想主义的imaginative [i'm1d94n4tiv] adj.富于想象力的independent ['indi'pend4nt] adj.独立的，自主的interior [in'ti4ri4]adj.内部的intricate ['intrikit]adj.错综复杂的introspective [introu'spektiv] adj.反省的，内省的intuitive [in'tju:itiv]adj.直觉的，凭直觉的investigative [in'vestigeitiv] adj.调查的，调查性质的laboratory [l4'b3r4tri]n.实验室leadership ['li:d45ip]n.领导materialistic [m4ti4ri4'listik]adj.唯物主义的，物质享乐主义的merchandisern.推销商obedient [4'bi:dj4nt]adj.服从的，顺从的orderly ['3:d4li]adj.守秩序的persistent [p4'sist4nt]adj.坚持的，不屈不挠的portrait ['p3:trit]n.肖像，照片repetitive [ri'petitiv]adj.重复的retailer ['ri:teil4]n.零售商robust [r4u'b8st]adj.强健的setting ['seti6]n.环境sociable ['s4u54bl]adj.好交际的，合群的stable ['steibl]adj.持重的，可靠的statistician [st1tis'ti54n]n.统计学家，统计员straighten ['streitn]v.把……弄直，使挺直studio ['stju:di4u]n.工作室，摄影室，演播室，录音棚systematic ['sisti'm1tik]adj.有系统的，有条理的tactful ['t1ktful]adj.言行得体的talkative ['t3:k4tiv]adj.爱说话的thrifty ['7rifti]adj.节约的verbal ['v4:b4l]adj.文字的，用文字的figure out弄明白in nature在本质上straighten out解决某事物，排除某事物存在的困难try out试验，试用，测试trade [treid]n.职业，手艺motor coordination肌肉协调adept [4'dApt]adj.熟练的，擅长的amaze [4'meiz]v.使……大为惊奇axe [1ks]n.斧子basically ['beisik4li]adv.基本上，本质上borderline ['b3:d4lain]adj.介乎两种情况之间的classify ['kl1sifai]v.分类，归类crammer ['kr1m4]n.为应付考试而临时死记硬背的人disrupt [dis'r8pt]v.扰乱distinct [dis'ti6kt]adj.不同的，有区别的extreme [iks'tri:m]n.极端instructor [in'str8kt4]n.[美]大学讲师nightmare ['naitmA4]n.噩梦overall ['4uv4r3:l]adv.大体上，总体上perpetual [p4'pet5u4l]adj.永久的；永恒的precedence [pri'si:dns]n.优先权reread ['ri:'ri:d]v.再阅读scholastic [sk4'l1stik]adj.(formal)学术的；学习的snack [sn1k]n.快餐；点心threat [7ret]n.威胁，危险backwards and forwards完全地，彻底地fall into可分为get by凑合，过得去in advance预先，事先leave alone不管，别惹，别碰look over翻阅miss out (on)错过(机会)not to mention更不用说previous to在……之前put in花费(时间)rack one's brains绞尽脑汁，拼命地想refer to... as把……称为……regardless of不理会，不管……如何so to speak可以说；容许我打个比喻take precedence over比……重要,比……优先处理cover ['k8v4]v.涉及select [si'lekt]adj.挑选出来的，精选的apply [4'plai]v.运用，应用assign [4'sain]v.布置(作业)choke [t54uk]v.说不出话来comprehension ['k3mpri'hen54n] n.理解(力)consciouslyadv.有意识地，自觉地cram [kr1m]v.突击式学习(尤指为应考) deduce [di'dju:s]v.(formal)演绎，推论disregard ['disri'ga:d]v.不理会，忽视external [eks't4:nl]adj.外部的，外面的imitate ['imiteit]v.模仿intricacy ['intrik4si]n.(often plural)错综复杂的事物learner ['l4:n4]n.学习者lookout ['luk'aut]n.留神观察memorize ['mem4raiz]v.记住oral ['3:r4l]adj.口头的personally ['p4:s4n4li]adv.亲自，亲身preference ['pref4r4ns]n.偏爱proceed [pr4'si:d]v.(继续)进行receptive [ri'septiv]adj.愿意接受的repetition ['repi'ti54n]n.重复retain [ri'tein]v.记住specifically [spe'sifik4li]adv.特别，专门translation [tr1ns'lei54n]n.翻译vocabulary [v4'k1bjul4ri]n.词汇weekly ['wi:kli]adj.每星期的all at once一下子be on the lookout for留心观察choke up说不出话来go about (doing) something着手(干)某事sink in被完全理解slow down放慢；使慢下来stick to坚持tailor something to somebody/something 使某事物适合某人/某事物的需要take charge of控制或掌管overall ['4uv4r3:l]adj.总的flash cards(教学用)抽认卡片(上有单词等) assimilate [4'simileit]v.吸收(思想、知识等)automatic ['3:t4'm1tik]adj.自动(化)的；不经思索的，习惯性的chunk [t586k]n.(informal)一厚块cluster ['kl8st4]n.群，组continuously [k4n'tinju4sli]adv.连续不断地digest [di'd9est, 'daid9est]v.消化(食物)；完全理解，彻底领会disinterested [dis'int4r4stid] adj.不感兴趣的，失去兴趣的disprove [dis'pru:v]v.证明某事物不正确distinguish [dis'ti6gwi5]v.区别distracted [di'str1ktid]adj.注意力分散的，思想不集中的flexible ['fleks4bl]adj.能随机应变的，有灵活性的frustrate [fr8s'treit]v.使沮丧，使灰心impose [im'p4uz]v.加(负担、惩罚等)于inefficient ['ini'fi54nt]adj.效率低的misconception ['misk4n'sep54n] n.误解，错误想法needlesslyadv.毫无必要的overview ['ouv4vju:]n.概观，概述robot ['r4ub3t]n.机器人rudely ['ru:dli]adv.粗暴地skim [skim]v.浏览skip [skip]v.跳过(不看)subskilln.亚技能subvocalizationn.默读thorough ['78r4]adj.彻底的，细致的topic ['t3pik]n.话题transmit [tr1nz'mit]v.传送，输达unconscious [8n'k354s]adj.无意识的；不能觉察的unimportant ['8nim'p3:t4nt] adj.无关紧要的unrelatedadj.无关的，不相关的vary ['vA4ri]v.改变vocalize ['vouk4laiz]v.发声at one sitting一口气地at times有时候at will随意，任意derive...from从……获取，从……得到drink in陶醉于，欣赏in print印出来sort out整理strive for争取，努力得到wind up结果……，最后(陷入某种状态) afterward ['a:ft4w4d]adv.以后barrier ['b1ri4]n.障碍blossom ['bl3s4m]n.花(尤指果树的花) v.开花childish ['t5aildi5]adj.孩子气的，孩子所特有的compass ['k8mp4s]n.指南针confound [k4n'faund]v.混淆consciousness ['k3n54snis] n.意识，知觉dash [d15]v.猛掷dense [dens]adj.浓密的doll [d3l]n.玩具娃娃eventful [i'ventful]adj.重大的，重要的expectant [iks'pekt4nt]adj.期待的, 怀有希望的flushedadj.兴奋的，充满喜悦的fog [f3g]n.雾fragment ['fr1gm4nt]n.碎片fragrance ['fr1gr4ns]n.香味grope [gr4up]v.摸索(路等)gush [g85]v.涌出hearth [ha:7]n.壁炉炉床，壁炉地面honeysuckle ['h8nis8kl]n.忍冬(属攀缘植物，花呈黄色或粉红色) imitation ['imi'tei54n]n.模仿immeasurable [i'me94r4bl]adj.不可计量的，无限的impress [im'pres, 'impres]v.使……铭记keenly ['ki:nli]adv.强烈地languor ['l16g4]n.无精打采，倦怠linger ['li6g4]v.逗留misty ['misti]adj.模糊的outburst ['autb4:st]n.发泄，(情绪)突发passionate ['p154nit]adj.表现出强烈感情的penetrate ['penitreit]v.透过plummet ['pl8mit]n.测深锤，铅坠quiver ['kwiv4]v.颤抖rag [r1g]n.破布，碎布renew [ri'nju:]v.重新开始repentance [ri'pent4ns]n.懊悔rod [r3d]n.杆，竿sensation [sen'sei54n]sorrow ['s3r4u]n.难过spout [spaut]n.(喷泉、水泵等的)喷口，喷嘴stream [stri:m]n.水/气流tangible ['t1nd94bl]adj.可触知的tenderness ['tend4nis]n.温柔，柔情thrill [7ril]v.兴奋，激动tussle ['t8sl]n.争执，争辩uncomprehending ['8nk4mpri'hendi6] adj.不理解的unconsciously [8n'k354sli]adv.不知不觉地，无意识地upturned [8p't4:nd]adj.仰着的，向上翘的vainly ['veinli]adv.徒劳地wordless ['w4:dlis]adj.无言的at the first opportunity尽快be about to (do something)打算(做某事)give birth to引起，发生in time迟早，最终live over回忆渴望prey (up) on烦扰shut somebody/something in 将某人/某事物关在(某处) sweep away清除掉the close of结尾时，末期to and fro前后，来回sounding-linen.测深绳amusing [4'mju:zi6]adj.有趣的，逗乐的broaden ['br3:dn]v.扩大compatriot [k4m'p1tri4t]n.同胞countryman ['k8ntrim4n]n.同胞cricket ['krikit]n.板球facet ['f1sit]n.(问题等的)一个方面frankly ['fr16kli]adv.坦率地intelligibility [in'telid94'bil4ti] n.可理解性keen [ki:n]adj.热衷的，渴望的offend [4'fend]v.冒犯，得罪pointless ['p3intlis]adj.无意义的recognizable ['rek4gnaiz4bl]adj.可辨认的，可识别的regional ['ri:d94nl]adj.区域的，地区性的section ['sek54n]n.(文章等的)节snob [sn3b]n.势利眼sympathize ['simp47aiz]v.同情upper-classadj.上层阶级的well-educatedadj.受过良好教育的，有教养的at ease不拘束，自在fit in with适合，符合get in the way of妨碍，阻碍pick up(非正规地)学会take... for...把……误认为……there is no point (in) doing something 做某事无意义abstract ['1bstr1kt]adj.抽象的adjective ['1d9iktiv]n.形容词advanced [4d'va:nst]adj.高级的ape [eip]n.猿猴argument ['a:gju:m4nt]n.争论，争辩breakthrough ['breik7ru:]n.突破cautious ['k3:54s]adj.谨慎的chimpanzee [t5imp4n'zi:]n.黑猩猩compete [k4m'pi:t]v.竞争cue [kju:]n.提示，暗示；v.给提示，给暗示dispute [dis'pju:t]v.对……提出异议entirely [in'tai4li]adv.完全地exclusivelyadv.排除其他地，专门地grasp [gra:sp]v.理解，领会hint [hint]n.暗示，示意hoof [hu:f]n.蹄mastery ['ma:st4ri]n.掌握mathematical ['m17i'm1tik4l] adj.数学的mimic ['mimik]v.模仿，学……的样子occasionally [4'kei94n4li]adv.偶然，偶尔omission [4u'mi54n]n.遗漏的东西parrot ['p1r4t]n.鹦鹉previously ['pri:vj4sli] adv.先前，以前primitive ['primitiv]adj.原始的repertoire ['rep4tw2:]n.全部节目reside [ri'zaid]v.居住sceptic ['skeptik]n. [英]怀疑者succession [s4k'se54n] n.连续swan [sw3n]n.天鹅syntax ['sint1ks]n.句法syntactical [sin't1ktikl] adj.句法的unexpected ['8niks'pektid] adj.没有料到的，意外的amount to等于，相当于in honour of为纪念，以……的名义in the course of在……过程中knock out(informal)匆忙地做某事leave... behind超过novel ['n3v4l]adj.新奇的hide [haid]n.兽皮building blocks积木approximately [4'pr3ksimitli] adv.大概, 大约considerable [k4n'sid4r4bl] adj.相当的，相当多的consideringprep.考虑到environmental [in'vai4r4n'mentl] adj.环境的exhibit [ig'zibit]v.显示，显出graceful ['greisful]adj.优雅的heredity [hi'rediti]n.遗传illustrate ['il4streit]v.阐明，说明infancy ['inf4nsi]n.婴儿期；幼儿期interact ['int4'r1kt]v.相互作用，相互影响knit [nit]v.编织liable ['lai4bl]adj.有……的倾向likeness ['laiknis]n.相似之处mill [mil]n.工厂observable [4b'z4:v4bl]adj.看得到的，觉察得到的orphanage ['3:f4nid9]n.孤儿院polish ['p3li5]n.优雅，文雅predestination [pri:'desti'nei5n]n.命运，造化remarkably [ri'ma:k4bli] adv.不同寻常地，相当地resemblance [ri'zembl4ns] n.相像severe [si'vi4]adj.严重的similarity ['simi'l1riti]n.相似，类似southeastern [sau7'i:st4n] adj.东南部的substantially [s4b'st1n54li] adv.基本上，在本质上twin [twin]n.双胞胎unseparatedadj.未分离的unstable [8n'steibl]adj.不稳定的vacuum ['v1kju4m]n.真空be liable to do something 可能做某事be responsible for作为……的原因bring up抚养，养育come to an end结束make the most of充分利用；极为重视no more... than...不比……更……on the whole总的来说respond to响应，做出反应accurately ['1kjuritli]adv.精确地，准确地chew [t5u:]v.嚼，咬coincidence ['k4uin'sid4ns]n.巧合combine [k4m'bain]v.使结合contest [k4n'test, 'k3ntest]n.比赛，竞赛controversial ['k3ntr4'v4:54l]adj.引起争议的data ['deit4]n.资料，数据dedicated ['dedikeitid]adj.忠诚的，热忱的，一心一意的dentist ['dentist]n.牙科医生excel [ik'sel]v.擅长exert [ig'z4:t]v.发挥，施加festival ['fest4v4l]n.节日，(定期在某地举行的)音乐、戏剧节等fingernail ['fi6g4neil]n.手指甲fingerprint ['fi6g4print]n.指纹flame [fleim]n.火焰glaucoma [gl3:'koum4]n.青光眼imagination [i'm1d9i'nei54n]n.想象力intensive [in'tensiv]adj.深入细致的，精深的invade [in'veid]v.大批涌入nonconformistn.不(求)符合惯例、准则或规范的人notably ['n4utb4li]adv.值得注意地，显著地nurture ['n4:t54]v.培养，培育parade [p4'reid]n.游行persuasive [p4'sweisiv]adj.有说服力的pose [p4uz]n.(身体呈现的)样子，姿势posture ['p3st54]n.姿势，姿态，体态，举止reckless ['reklis]adj.鲁莽的，不顾后果的reunite ['ri:ju:'nait]v.重新团聚undiscovered [8ndis'k8v4d]adj.未被发现的unreportedadj.没有报道的，未经报道的woodworking ['wudw4:ki6]n.木工活a mountain of大量的be bound to do something一定做某事have nothing to do with...和……无关show up出现，来到某处what is more而且abuse [4'bju:z, 4'bju:s] n.虐待codirectorn.主任，董事contend [k4n'tend]v.声称，坚决地认为critical ['kritik4l]adj.决定性的，关键性的designate ['dezigneit] v.指定，选定disturbingly [dis't4:bi6li] adj.令人不安地electrician [ilek'tri54n] n.电工element ['elim4nt]n.要素，基本构成部分ethnic ['e7nik]adj.民族的；种族的extensivelyadv.广泛地, 大量地guidance ['gaid4ns]n.指导initial [i'ni54l]adj.开始的，最初的markedly ['m2:kidli] adv.显著地massive ['m1siv]adj.巨大的minimal ['miniml]adj.最低限度的，最小的modest ['m3dist]adj.中等的，过得去的plumber ['pl8m4]n.水管工，铅管工psychiatric ['saiki'1trik]adj.精神病的socioeconomic [sou5ioui:k4'n3mik] adj.社会经济的subsist [s4b'sist]v.维持生活whoever [hu:'ev4]pron.无论是谁yield [ji:ld]v.产生devote... to...为……付出……keep... out of...使……避开……accelerate [1k'sel4reit]v.加快aerospace ['A4r4uspeis]n.航空及航天空间ambient ['1mbi4nt]adj.周围的，包围着的bat [b1t]n.蝙蝠belligerent [bi'lid94r4nt]adj.寻衅的blast [bla:st]v.发出响亮刺耳的噪音bracket ['br1kit]n.分类，档次brake [breik]v. & n.刹车commission [k4'mi54n]v.委托engine ['end9in]n.发动机fatigue [f4'ti:g]n.疲乏，疲倦hazard ['h1z4d]n.危险haze [heiz]n.迷糊hell [hel]n.地狱high-techadj.高技术的horrific [h3'rifik]adj.令人恐惧的，可怕的inattention [in4'ten54n] n.不注意，疏忽induce [in'dju:s]v.产生，造成lethal ['li74l]adj.致死的，能致命的lull [l8l]v.使安静，使人静下入睡motorway ['m4ut4wei] n.[英]高速公路navigation ['n1vi'gei54n] n.航海，航空，驾驶overtake ['4uv4'teik]v.追上，超越pedal ['pedl]n.踏板，脚蹬子qualify ['kw3lifai]v.使具有资格，使胜任radar ['reid4]n.雷达rev [rev]v.发动机旋转，加快速度spectrum ['spektr4m]n.范围，系列；光谱，频谱tempo ['temp4u]n.(音乐)速度vehicle ['vi:ikl]n.机动车辆vibration [vai'brei54n]n.振动，颤动at/behind the wheel在驾驶bring on引起cut out停止，中断result in导致slow down减速take advantage of利用(时机、他人的弱点等) autograph ['3:t4gr2:f]v.在(某物)上签名caliber ['k1l4b4]n.能力，才干competent ['k3mpit4nt] adj.能干的covet ['k8vit]v.觊觎disenchantmentn.失望，不抱幻想faint [feint]adj.模糊的，不明确的melody ['mel4di]n.曲调；歌曲partnership ['pa:tn45ip]n.合作关系，伙伴关系quaint [kweint]adj.离奇有趣的；古色古香的rapport [r1'p3:]n.融洽和谐的关系break up分裂，分解take off成功；流行arousal [4'rauzl]n.激励，鼓励attributable [4'tribju:t4bl]adj.可归属或归因于某人(某事物) cognition [k3g'ni54n]n.认知；认识；认识力complex ['k3mpleks]adj.难于理解或解释的；复杂的exaltingadj.令人激动的，令人喜悦的geometry [d9i'3mitri]n.(formal)形状，几何构造incidentally ['insi'dent4li]adv.顺便提一下manuscript ['m1njuskript]n.手稿neurobiological [`nju4r4ubai'3l4d9ik4l] adj.神经生物学的pathway ['pa:7wei]n.途径pulse [p8ls]n.脉搏scribble ['skribl]v.匆匆或草草书写sonata ['s4'n2:t4]n.奏鸣曲spatial ['spei54l]adj.空间的，有关空间的insist on坚决主张take pride in以……为傲ballad ['b1l4d]n.叙事歌谣binder ['baind4]n.活页夹biographical [bai4'gr1fikl]adj.传记(体)的cast [ka:st]n.戏剧等的全体演员commit [k4'mit]v.做(不合法的、错的或愚蠢的事)；犯dialysis [dai'1lisis]n.[医]透析，渗析donate [d4u'neit]v.捐赠；赠送ensure [in'5u4]v.[美]保证，担保pop [p3p]n.现代流行风格(尤指音乐的)promotional [pr4'mou54nl]adj.推销的rap [r1p]n.[美](由电子乐器伴奏的)吟快板(指以快节奏念出歌词，与唱有别) respect [ris'pekt]n.方面revenue ['revinju:]n.收入，收益suicide ['sjuisaid]n.自杀technician [tek'ni54n]n.技术员，技师toe [t4u]。
(完整版)全新版大学英语综合教程(第二版)3词汇整合
第一单元get by 过得去frustration 挫折；令人失望suburban 郊区的suburb 郊区contentment 满足Self-reliant 依靠自己的；独立的Just about 几乎make it 成功canoe 独木木舟sunset 日落(n)sunrise 日出(n)hawk 鹰cornfield 玉米田haul (用马车，卡车)搬运firewood 木柴sled 雪橇retile 重新用瓦盖Long-overdue拖了很久的overdue 早该有的；早该发生的improvement 改进supplement 补充；增加indoor 室内的spray 喷；洒orchard 果园barn 谷仓typewriter 打字机freelance 自由撰稿人pursue 努力去获得，追求household 家庭的；普通的；家庭oversee 看管；监督beehive 蜂窝，蜂箱organ 风琴；器官stack 一堆wicked 邪恶的；坏的blast 吹起，劲吹；炸掉overflow 溢出；泛滥swamp 淹没；压倒freezer 冰柜cherry 樱桃raspberry 树莓，覆盆子asparagus 芦笋bean 豆；豆形果实canned-goods 罐装品plum 李子；梅子jelly 果子冻squash 南瓜属植物pumpkin 南瓜get through 通过，度过gallon 加仑at that point 就在那时decidedly 肯定地；无疑地employer 雇佣者；雇主blessing 祝福bless 为……祝福on balance 总的来说den 兽穴illustrate 举例说明hitch 用挽具套住dogsled 狗拉雪橇monster 怪物；妖怪digest 文摘；摘要boundary 边界；分界线wilderness 荒野；荒地generate 形成；产生dental 牙的；和牙有关的insurance 保险；保险费policy 保险单；保险契约pick up 付（帐）minor 较少的；较小的premium 保险费；奖金；奖品aside from 除了cut back 减少；削减appreciably 能够感到地，可观的lower 降低；减少dine out 外出吃饭patronize 光顾；惠顾opera 歌剧ballet 芭蕾舞extravagant奢侈的；浪费的combine （使）结合；（使）联合suspect 怀疑；相信solitude 孤独，独居budget 预算involve 使参加；使陷入；包含，牵涉requirement要求，必要条件scale 规模on a small /large scale小规模地resist 抵制temptation 诱惑（n)device 设备，装置machinery 机器，机械horsepower 马力rotary 旋转的cultivator 耕耘机rotary cultivator 旋转式耕耘机profit (n得益；收益，利润&v获利，得益；有益于)invest 投资primarily 主要地；起初economic 经济学的；经济（方面）的old-fashioned 过时的，老式的；守旧的when it comes to..至于。
全新版大学英语综合教程第二版1单词UNIT
UNIT2TEXTAbe lost in / lose oneself in:be absorbed in; be fully occupied with- He was lost in playing computer games so he was unaware of my entering the room.- I had lost myself in thought.- 他忙于这项工作而对周围的一切都很漠然。
(He was lost to the world in this task.)available: adj.1. able to be got, obtained, used, etc.- If you don’t want to buy a kite, you can make your own using directions available in the book.- We have already used up all the available space.- 对不起,这种外套没有你要的颜色和尺码。
(I’m sorry. Those overc oats are not available in your color and size. ) 2. able to be visited or seen; not too busy- 律师现在没空。
(The lawyer is not available now.)or something: used when you are not very sure about what you have just said- The air fare was a hundred and ninety-nine pounds or something.- Here’s some money. Get yourself a sandwich or something.NB:同义的短语：or something like thatgo ahead:continue; begin (sometimes followed by with + n.)- The board of directors will vote today on whether to go ahead with the plan.- Henry will be late but we will go ahead with the meeting anyway.estimate:1. vt. form a judgment about (a quantity or value)- Bill’s personal riches were estimated at $368 million.- I estimate that the total cost for the treatment of the disease will go from $5,000 to $8,000.- 我估计她有35岁。
大学英语精读第二册单词表
大学英语精读第二册单词表UNIT 1. Is There Life on Earth?NEW WORDShumorousa. funny; that makers people laugh 幽默的humorn.essayn. 散文，随笔excitementn. the state or quality of being excitedplanetn. large body in space that moves round a star esp. round the sun 行星Venusiana. of or having to do with the plant Venus 金星的n. supposed Venus being 金星人satelliten. spacecraft that goes round the planet earth and sends back radio and television signals; heavenly body that goes round a plant （人造）卫星signaln. 信号；暗号astronomern. person who studies the science of the sun, moon, stars and planets天文学家telescopen. instrument with special glasses used for seeing distant thingsextremelyad. very 极端，非常extremea.feasibilityad. possibility of being carried or done 可行性feasiblea.manneda. occupied by one or more persons 载人的saucern. 浅碟；茶托flying saucern. 飞碟conferencen. meetingpress conferencen. meeting arranged by an important person to which news reporters are invited to listen to a statement or ask questions 记者招待会technologyn. 技术conclusionn. decision of opinion reached by reasoning 结论concludev.reporterv. person who gathers news for a newspaper, magazine, or radio or TV station 记者composevt. make up, form 组成，构成concreten. building material made by mixing cement with sand, small stones and water 混凝土atmospheren. all the gasses round the earth; air in a place 大气；空气carbonn. 碳monoxiden. 一氧化物deadlya. causing death; likely to cause death 致命的gasn. 气体survivevi. remain alive; continue to live or exist 活下来；幸存vt. remain alive after; live longer than 经历...后还活着；比...活得长survivaln.programn. plan of what it to be done 计划concernvt. be of importance or interest to; have an effect on 涉及，关系到oxygenn. 氧，氧气originallyad. formerly 起初，原来originala.hazardn. dangerhovervi. stay in or near one place in the air 盘旋consolidateda. untied; combined 联合的consolidatevt.beltn. area that has some special quality; zone （地）带indicatevt. showindicationn.pollutevt. make (air, water, soil, etc.) dirty with manmade waste 污染pollutionn.unfita. not good enough; not suitableparticlen. 粒子；微粒emitvt. send out 散发，射出emissionn.crashv. (cause to) break into pieces violently 坠落；猛撞smashv. (cause to) break into pieces violently (使)碎裂stalagmiten. 石笋projectionn. sth. that stands out from a surface 凸出物typen. a particular kind, class or group 类型，种类graniten. hard grey stone used for building 花岗岩formationn. sth. that is formed; way in which sth. is formed 形成（物）skyscrapern. very tall building 摩天大楼scrapevt. rub with sth. rough or sharp 刮，擦proceedvi. continue after having stopped （停顿后）继续进行fundn. sum of money set apart or available for a special purpose 资金；基金billionn. one thousand millionzilchn. zero; nothing at allPHRASES & EXPRESSIONS(be) known asalso publicly called; named以...闻名，通常名叫name aftergive the same name as 以...名字命名as toabout, concerning 关于base on / uponuse as a basis or foundation for 以...为基础，把...基于for one thing ... (for another)in the first place... (in the second place)be composed ofhave as members or parts 由...组成as far as ... be concernedto the degree that it matters to 就...而言stick upstand upright; project 直立；突出give offemit; send out 发出；散发出set backdelay the advance of development of 耽搁；阻碍PEOPER NAMESArt Buchwald阿特.布奇沃德Venus金星Manhattan曼哈顿（纽约市中心）Zog佐格（姓氏）Edison爱迪生（姓氏）Glom格洛姆（姓氏）UNIT 2. The Dinner PartyNEW WORDSheateda. with strong, excited, and often angry feelings 热烈的；激烈的unexpecteda. not expected 意外的naturalistn. one who makes a special study of plants or animals outdoors 博物学家（尤指直接观察动植物者）shortlyad. Soon; (in) a little time 不久，马上colonial]a. of or related to a colony or colonies 殖民地的spaciousa. big; having much space 广阔的；宽阔的diningn. 餐厅barea. not covered (with a carpet); empty 不铺地毯的；赤裸的；光秃的marblen. 大理石raftern. one of the sloping beams that support 椽ontoprep. to a position or point on 到...之上; 向...之上verandan. 阳台spiriteda. full of spirit; livelyoutgrowvt. leave behind, as one grows older or more mature 长大得使...不再适用; 成长得不再要mousen. 鼠eran. 时代，年代majorn. 少校crisisn. time of difficulty, danger, etc. 危机ouncen. 盎司;少量argumentn. discussion by persons who disagree; dispute 争论;辩论hostessn. 女主人musclen. 肌肉contractvi. become shorter or smaller 收缩contractionn.slightlyad. a little 稍微地slighta.motionvi. give a signal by moving the hand or head 打手势;点(或摇)头示意widenv. make or become widerbaitn. food used to attract fish, animals, or birds so that they may be caught 诱饵cobran. poisonous snake found in India and Africa 眼镜蛇likelya. probable 可能的impulsen. sudden wish to do sth. 冲动commotionn. noisy confusion or excitement 混乱;骚动tonen. quality of voice or music 语气;音调commandinga. authoritative 威严的forfeitvt. suffer the loss of (sth.) as a punishment (作为惩罚而)失去rupeen. monetary unit of India, Pakistan, etc. 卢比imagen. statue 雕像emergevi. come or appear (from somewhere)emergencen.slamvt. shut loudly and with force 砰地关上hostn. man who receives guests 男主人fainta. weak, indistinct 微弱的;不明显的crawlvi move slowly by pulling the body along the ground 爬行UNIT 3. Lesson from JeffersonNEW WORDSdeclarationn. document containing an open public announcement 宣言independencen. freedom from the control of others 独立obtainvt. get through effort 获得sourcen. place from which sth. comes;place where a river starts （来）源；源头personala. done in person; belonging to a person 亲自的；个人的investigationn. detailed or careful examination 调查investigatevt.appointvt. put (sb.) in a position 任命appointmentn.committeen. a group of people chosen for special duties 委员会capitoln. （美国）州议会大厦canoen. light boat moved by a paddle 独木舟on-the-spota. at the place of the action 现场的humblea. low in position 地位低下的originn. parentage; birth; beginning 血统；出身；起源gardenern. person who works in a garden either for pay or as a hobby 园丁waitern. person who serves food to the tables in a restaurant （男）侍者noblemann. 贵族dissatisfyvt. hang over dangerously; utter a threat against 使不满threatenvt. hang over dangerously; utter a threat against 威胁threatn.rejectvt. refuse to take, believe, use of consider 拒绝rejectionn.nephewn. the son of one's brother or sistererrorn. mistake; sth. done wronglyfalsea. not true or correctjudgmentn. opinion 判断，看法hesitatevi. feel doubtful; be undecided 犹豫，迟疑不决hesitationn.prefervt. like better; choose (one thing) rather than (another) 更喜欢；宁愿preferencen.lattera. nearer to the end 后面的；后半的n. the second of two persons or things just spoken of 后者conflictn. be opposed; clash 冲突n. disagreement; clash; fightunquestioninga. given or done without question or doubtagreementn. having the same opinion(s); thinking in the same way 同意；一致的criticismn. unfavourable remarks of judgments 批评criticn. person who makes judgments about the good and bad qualities of sth.; person who points out mistakes 评论家；批评者criticizevt.philosophyn. 哲学resentvt. feel angry or bitter at 对...忿恨;对...不满actionn. the process of doing things; sth. done 行动过程；行动customn. 习惯,风俗perpetuala. never-ending; going on for a long time or without stopping 永恒的;连续不断的constitutionn. 宪法;章程livinga. alive now 活(着)的remarkvt. say; comment 说;评论说n. 话语;评论eviln. sth. bad; sin 邪恶,罪恶a. very bad 邪恶的,坏的idealismn. 理想主义;唯心主义arch(a)eologyn. study of ancient things, esp. remains of prehistoric times 考古学rotationn. 轮作;旋转rotatev.conservationn. protecting from loss of from being used up 保护;保存conservevt.superiora. good or better in quality or value 较好的;优的superiorityn.existencen. the state of existing 存在influencevt. have an effect on 影响architecturen. art and science of building 建筑术;建筑学constantlyad. continuously; frequently 不断地;经常地constanta.performvt. do, carry out 做,履行talentn. special natural ability 才能,天资centrala. chief; main; most important 主要的tirelessa. never or rarely getting tiredwritern. a person who writes esp. as a way of earning money 作家publishvt. have (a book, etc.) printed and put on sale 出版volumen. book, esp. one of a set of books 卷;册thrillvi. have a very exciting feeling 非常激动self-evidenta. clear without proof 不言而喻的createvt. make (sth. that has not been made before) 创造creationn.anniversaryn. the yearly return of a special date 周年纪念日countrymann. a person from one's own country 周胞legacyn. sth. that one person leaves to another when he dies 遗产owevt. 欠(债等);应把...归功于debtn. something owed to someone else 债(务)educatevt. train; teach how to read, write, think, etc.PHRASES & EXPRESSIONSgo out of one's way (to do sth.)take particular trouble; make a special effort 特地leave...toleave sb. in charge of 交托,委托act onact according to 按照...行事leave behindabandon; fall to take or bring 丢弃;留下,忘带in existenceexisting 存在above allmost important of all 首先,尤其是PROPER NAMESBruce Bilven布鲁斯.布利文Thomas Jefferson托马斯.杰斐逊George Washington乔治.华盛顿Abraham Lincoln亚伯拉罕.林肯the Declaration of Independence《独立宣言》the James River詹姆斯河Lafayette拉斐特France法国Heaven上帝；天堂Philadelphia费城（美国港市）UNIT 4. My First JobNEW WORDSapplyvi. write to ask for (a job, membership. etc.), esp. officially 申请applicationn.interviewn. 面试；接见；会见advertisevt. make know to people by printing a notice in a newspaper, etc. or by broadcasting on television, ets. 为...做广告advertisementn.localof, special to, a place or district 当地的;地方性的postn. job or position 职位suburbn. outer area of a town or city, where people live 郊区slima. small, slight; slender 微小的;苗条的depressvt. make sad 使沮丧depressionn.brickn. 砖graveln. 砾石evergreena. with green leaves throughout the year 常绿的shrubn. low bush with several woody stems 灌木fumen. strong-smelling smoke, gas or vapour 浓烈难闻的烟,气,汽headmastern. (中,小学的)校长sandy-coloureda. yellowish-red 沙色的,黄中带红的moustachen. hair growing on the upper lip 小胡子disapprovaln. unfavorable opinion or feeling;dislike 不赞成;不满coloneln. 上校privaten. soldier of the lowest rank 列兵;士兵bootlacen. shoelace for a high shoe or boot 靴带undovt. untie, unfasten 解开;松开ahinterj. (a cry of surprise, pity, pain, joy, dislike, etc.) 啊gruntvt. 咕哝着说出unpleasantlyad. 令人不愉快地stalea. not fresh 不新鲜的cabbagen. 卷心菜crumbn. very small, broken piece of bread or cake 面包屑;糕饼屑carpetn. heavy woven material fir covering floors or stairs 地毯certificaten. 证(明)书bloodshota. (眼睛)充血的vitala. very necessary; of the greatest importance 必不可少的,极其重要的mumblevt. speak (words) unclearly 含糊地说attachvt. give (to); fasten (to) 把...给予;系,贴importancen. the quality of being importantobviouslyad. it can be easily seen; plainly 明显地，显然obviousa.consist (of)vi. be made up (of) 组成，构成rangevi. vary between certain limits （在一定的范围内）变动cricketn. 板球set-upn. arrangementdismayvt. make discouraged or afraid 使灰心，使害怕algebran. 代数学geometryn. 几何学incompetenta. completely unskillful; not good enough at doing a job, etc. 无能力的；不胜任的competenta. opposite of incompetentleisuren. free time; time which one can spend as one likes 闲暇；悠闲salaryn. fixed (usually monthly) pay for regular work 薪水plusprep. with the addition of 加（上）protestvi. express a strong objection 抗议；反对strawn. 稻草；麦杆prospectvi. sth. expected or considered probable; possibility 期望中的事；展望；前景constitutevt. form; make up; be 组成，构成ultimatea. greatest; utmost; last or final 最大的；终极的，最终的indignityn. injury to one's dignity; insult 侮辱PHRASES & EXPRESSIONSbe short ofnot having enough of 缺少smell ofhave, give out the smell of 有...的气味judging byforming an opinion based onattach importance toconsider important 重视in commonshared with someone else 共有的,共同的consist ofbe made up ofin turnone after another 轮流PROPER NAMESLondon伦敦(英国首都)Croydon克洛伊登(英国地名)UNIT 5. The Professor and the Yo-YoNEW WORDSmodesta. having or expressing a not too high opinion of one's merits, abilities, etc. 谦虚的yo-yon. 游游（一种用线扯动使用权忽上忽来的轮形玩具）easen. freedom from work, discomfort, trouble, difficulty, worry, etc. 悠闲；舒适；自在；安心displayn. show 展示loopvt. 把（绳等）打成环n. 圈；环strongn. 细绳；线；弦balancen. condition of being steady 平衡v. keep in a state of balanceproperlyad. really; completely 非常；完全地impressvt. have a strong effect on the mind or feelings of 给...深刻的印象mailvt. send by postpoemn. piece of writing in verse 诗personalityn. character 个性logicn. the science or method of reasoning 逻辑(学);推理(法)simplicityn. the state of being simple; an absence of pretense 简单;简朴;单纯functionvi. workintellectuala. 智力的frustraten. cause to have feeling ofannoyed disappointment; defeat 使沮丧;挫败frustrationn.jealousyn. envy 妒忌jealousa.vanityn. state of being too proud of oneself or one's looks, abilities, etc. 虚荣心bitternessn. the quality or state of being bitter 苦;痛苦resentmentn. feeling that one has when insulted, ignored, injured, etc. 怨恨ambitionn. strong desire for success, power, riches, etc. 野心,抱负ambitiousa.immunea. 有免疫力的;不受影响的immunityn.emotionn. strong feelingpretensionn. 矫饰,做作,不受影响correspondvi. exchange letter regularly 通信stationeryn. paper for writing letters, usu. with matching envelopes; writing materials 信笺;文具watermarkn. mark made on paper by the maker, seen when it is held against light 水印padn. a number of sheets of writing paper fixed along one edge 便笺簿razorn. sharp instrument for taking hair off the body 剃刀shavevt. cut off (hair or beard) with a razorcreamn. any thick, soft liquid 膏状物arguevt. give reasons for or against (sth.) 争辨painfula. causing painshrugvi. lift (the shoulders) slightly (toshow in difference, doubt, etc.) 耸肩finallyad. at last; lastly 最终;最后presentvt. give; offer 赠送;提供tuben. 管;软管beamvi. look or smile happily and cheerfully 面露喜色;高兴地微笑beardn. hair of the lower part of the face (excluding the moustache) 胡须thereafterad. after that; afterwardsrevertvi return (to a former state, condition, etc.) 回复,回返exclusivelyad. only; completelyexclusivea. person who forms theories 理论家theoristn. 方程式equationn. small in degree, not considerable or serious 微小的,轻微的applicationn. using 应用theoryn. (explanation of the) general principles of an art or science 理论theoreticala.reactorn. 反应堆atomica. of or concerning an atom or atoms 原子的atomn.photoelectrica. 光电的seriesn. group of things of the same kind that come one after another 系列;套,组relativelyad. comparatively 相对地;比较地relativea.relativityn.curiosityn. the desire to know or learn 好奇心observev. see and againrepeatedlyad. again and againdunkvt. put under water for a limited time 把...浸一浸deducevt. reach a conclusion by reasoning 演绎,推断deductionn.principlen. 原理;原则flawn. fault 缺点,瑕疵reasoningn. process of reaching conclusions by using one's reason 推理pursuevt. work at, be busy with, go on with 从事;忙于;继续apartad. separate(ly) 分离,分开approachn. method of doing sth. 方式,方法solutionn. sth. that one cannot understand or explain 谜famen. (condition of) being famousprofounda. needing much thought or study to understand; deep 深奥的;深刻的capablea. ablecapabilityn.householdn. all the people living in a housea. familiar and commonhousehold wordn. word or name known and spoken of by almost everyone 家喻户晓的词或名字civilizeda. 文明的civilizevt.civilizationn.fortunen. luckbewildervt. confuse; puzzle 把...弄糊涂;使迷惑statesmann. political or government leader, esp. one who is wise and fair-minded 政治家housewifen. married woman who manages a householdPHRASES & EXPRESSIONSat easefree from worry or nervousness; comfortableoff balancenot in balance; unsteady 失去平衡的come to terms withaccept (sth. one does not want to accept) and deal with it in the best way one can 与...达成协议;与...妥协as far asto the degree that 到...程度mean nothing tobe of no importance tobelieve inhave confidence in the value ofso much so thatto such an extent thata series ofa number of (thing or events) of the same kind that follow each other 一系列,一连串take apartseparate (a small machine, clock, etc.) into pieces 拆开work outsolve, find the answer to 解决;算出;想出capable ofhaving the ability, power or inclination (to do)single outchoose from a group for special treatment 选出,挑出PROPER NAMESThomas Lee Bucky托马斯.李.巴基Joseph Blank约瑟夫.布兰克Albert Einstein阿伯特.爱因斯坦Woolworth伍尔沃叫(姓氏)Nobel Prize诺贝尔奖金6. The Making of a SurgeonNEW WORDSsurgeonn. doctor who performs operations 外科医生self-confidencen. 自信心makingn. means of gaining success 成功之道residentn. 住院医生concludevt. arrive at a belief or opinion by reasoning 得出结论surgicala. of, by, or for surgery 外科的；手术的competentlyad. with the necessary skill 称职地；胜任地competenta.nearvt. approach; come closer toemergencyn. sudden and dangerous happening needing immediate action 紧急情况；急症encountervt. be faced with (difficulties, danger, etc.); meet unexpectedly 遭到；意外地遇见dreadvt. fear greatly 畏惧criticala. important at a time of danger and difficulty 紧要的；关键性的particulara. belonging to some one person, thing, or occasion 特定的casen. instance of disease or injury 病例infrequentlyad. seldom; not oftenrelaxvi. become less tense 放松relaxationn.residencyn. the last stage of a doctor's training at a hospital 高级专科住院实习（期）constanta. happening all the time;unchanging 不断的；始终如一的resolvevt. solve 解决resolutionn.considereda. carefully thought out 经过深思熟虑的dwellvi. live (in a place) 居住bounda. very likely; certain 一定的，必然的sounda. correct; based on good judgment 正确的，合理的confidenta. sure of oneself and one's abilities 自然的confidencen.handlevt. manage, deal with 处理butterflyn. 蝴蝶abdomenn. belly 腹（部）anticipatevt. see beforehand 预期anticipationn.sweatn. 汗vi. 流汗stabn. thrust made with a pointed weapon 刺；戳bellyn. 肚，腹部puncturevt. make a small hole in (sth.) with sth. pointed 刺穿compounda. having more than one part 复合的fracturen. break in a bone 骨折compoundn. 复合性骨折inevitablyad. unavoidably 不可避免地inevitablea.errvi. make mistakes; do wrongoperatevi. perform a surgical operation 动手术surgeryn. 外科；外科手术solea. unshared; one and only 唯一的responsibilityn. 责任；责任心avoidvt. escape; keep or get away from 避免conceiteda. having too high an opinion of oneself 自负的conceitn. too high an opinion of oneselftryinga. hard to endure or bear; very difficult 难受的；恼人的bothervt. annoy, trouble 烦扰，麻烦uncertaintyn. uncertain condition; doubtPHRASES & EXPRESSIONSdraw to a closecome to an end 结束live withlearn to accept (sth. unpleasant); tolerate 学会；适应；容忍dwell onthink, write, or speak a lot about 老是想着；详述；强调(be) bound to (do)(be) certain to (do) 一定..., 必然...in practice(医师,律师等) 在开业中;在实践中butterflies in the stomachfeelings of nervousness 忐忑不安open upcut open 切开,给...开刀in advanceahead of time 预先,事前at one time or anothersometime or other 早晚sit ondelay taking action on; do nothing about 拖延;搁置PROPER NAMESNolen诺兰(姓氏)Walt沃尔特(男子名Walter 的昵称)Larry拉里(男子Lawrence 的昵称)UNIT 7. Theres Only LuckNEW WORDSnumbn. having lost the power of feeling or moving 失去感觉的，麻木的garagen. building in which a car is kept 汽车库walletn. leather pocket-case for paper money, cards, etc. 皮夹vaguelyad. not clearly 模糊地vaguea.annoyvt. make rather angry 使恼怒gunmann. a man armed with a gun, esp. a criminal or terrorist 持枪歹徒shrubberyn. low bushes forming a mass or group 灌木丛releasevt. set free 松开；释放splitvt. divide into parts 劈开split secondvery brief moment of time; instant 瞬间，一刹那triggern. 扳机crouchvi. lower the body to the ground 蹲伏absurdlyad. foolishly; ridiculously 愚蠢地，荒唐可笑地absurda.melodramatica. exciting in effect, often too much so to be thought real 感情夸张；闹剧式的plean. asking for sth. with strong feelings 恳求specifica. definite; not general 明确的；具体的fleev. run away (from) 逃走；逃离baseballn. 棒球（运动）batn. 球棒，球拍copn. (informal) policemannoodlen. (usu. pl.) 面条stiffa. severe 严厉criminaln. someone who has broken the law 罪犯penaltyn. punishment 惩罚ragen. great anger 狂怒contenteda. satisfied; happy 满足的cozya. warm and comfortable 暖和舒适的ill-tempereda. (often) angry or annoyed 脾气坏的；易怒的adon. trouble and excitement 忙乱hopelessa. giving no cause for hope; very bad or unskilled 没有希望的；无能的identificationn. 鉴别identifyvt.horrifyvt. frighten; shock very much 使恐怖；使震惊detailn. small, particular fact 细节matter-of-facta. concerned with the facts; practical 注重事实的；讲究实际的sheepisha. foolish or embarrassed by awareness of a fault 局促不安的trailvi. grow gradually weaker, dimmer, etc.jerkvt. pull or lift suddenly 猛拉；猛抬replayvt. play (match, recording, etc.) over again 重放gloven. 手套lastvi. go onrelivevt. experience again, esp. in the imaginationintelligenta. clever; rational 聪明的；明智的responsen. action done in answer; answer 反应；回答respondvi.securityn. safety, freedom from danger or fear 安全，平安securea.illusionn. false perception; (the seeing of) sth. that does not really exist 错觉；幻觉PHRASES & EXPRESSIONSpull out (of)move out (of) （车，船等）驶出have (get, catch) hold of抓住bring backrestore, reintroduce 恢复clean upclean thoroughly and remove anything unwanted 彻底打扫；整肃turn outappear; come or go out to see or do sth. 出来，出动in forcein large numbers 大批地，人数众多地much ado about nothinga lot of unnecessary explaining, of excitement about things not serious or unimportant 无事生非；小题大作come toreach (a particular point) in explaining, etc. 谈到（某一点）agree onhave the same opinion onin detailgiving a lot of facts 详细地trail off(voice, etc.) become gradually weaker and fade into silence （声音等）逐渐变弱no way不可能prepare forget ready forand up 结束，告终PROPER NAMESRuth Reichl露丝.赖克尔Jeremy杰里米(男子名)UNIT 8. Honesty: Is It Going out of Style?NEW WORDShonestyn. freedom from deceit, cheating, etc. 诚实stylen. fashion 时髦polln. survey of public opinion by putting questions to a representative selection of persons 民意测验admitv. state or agree to the truth of; confess 承认，供认admissionn.temptationn. the act of tempting or being tempted 引诱；诱惑peekvi. look (at sth.) quickly, esp. when one should not 偷看behavio(u)rn. way of behaving 行为behavev.indicationn. sign or suggestion 迹象competencyn. ability; being competent 能力；胜任diploman. official paper showing that a person has successfully finished a course of study or passed an examination 文凭correspondinga. matching 相应的criminala. of crimemisdemeano(u)rn. crime that is less serious than, for example, stealing of murder 轻罪chargen. accusation 指控possessn. have, own 占有，拥有advancea. made available before the date of general publication or release 预先的regentn. member of a governing board （学校董事会的）董事dropvt. give up; discontinue 放弃；革除traditionala. of or according to tradition 传统的traditionn.requirementn. sth. required; sth. demanded as a condition 要求；必要条件prewrittena. written beforehand; written in advancepsychologyn. science of the mind 心理学psychologicala.launchvt. start, set going 发起；发动campaignn. series of planned activities for some special purpose 运动filevi. march or move in a line 排成纵队行进exitn. way out of a place 出口（处）proctorn. 临考人ID cardn. identity card 身份证dormn. (short for) dormitory 宿舍mugn. the face or mouthshotn. a single photographmug shotn. (sl.) photograph of a person's face, used for purposes of identification 面部照片ringern. any person who pretends to be another 冒名顶替者applaudvt. praise esp. by striking one'shands together 拍手称赞campusn. university; the grounds of a university, college, or school 大学；校园editorialn. leading article 社论arrestvt. seize (sb.) in the name of the law 逮捕speedern. person who drives an automobile at a higher speed than is lawful 违法超速驾驶者intentn. purpose; intentionfrequentlyad. at short intervals, often 频繁地overchargevt. charge too much 对...要价太高customern. person who buys goods from a shop, esp. regularly 顾客mythn. 神话unlikeprep. not like, different fromcherryn. 樱桃biographern. person who writes about another person's life 传记作家ax(e)n. 斧子charactern. mental or moral qualities that make one person, race, etc. different from others 性格，品质morala. concerning principles of right of wrong 道德的reinforcevt. encourage of strengthen 加强taxn. 税，税款cluen. sth. that helps to find an answer to a question 线索check-outn. desk where one pays the bill of the goods one has chosen 结帐处supermarketn. large shop where one serves oneself with food and goods 超级市场overnighta. for or during the night 住一夜的；一整夜的innn. small hotel 小旅馆，客栈toweln. 毛巾vasta. very bignumerousa. manywatch-doga. organized or acting as a watchful guardian, esp. against unlawful practice 起监督作用的dishonestyn. the quality of being dishonestrevealvt. make known 揭露evidencen. sign or proof 证据ebbvi. (of the tide) flow back from the land to the sea; grow less; become weak or faint 落潮；低落，衰退flowvi. (of the tide) come in; rise; run or spread smoothly （潮）涨；上升；流incidentn. event; happening 事件theftn. (the act of, an instance of) stealingtendvi. have a tendency 易于，往往会linkvt. join or connect 连接；联系economyn. 经济anywayad. at all; in any case 究竟；无论如何temptvt. attract (sb.) to do sth. wrong or foolish 引诱systemn. 体制；制度systematica.distrustn. lack of trust; mistrust 不信任，怀疑contagiousa. tending to spread easily from person to person 传染的PHEASES & EXPRESSIONSout of styleno longer fashionable 过时的，不再流行according toas stated or shown by; in a way that agrees with 按照，根据(be) faced with。