Academic Vocabulary----学术应用词汇
英语作文单词
英语作文单词在英语作文中，使用恰当的词汇是非常重要的。
以下是一些常用的英语作文单词，可以帮助你提高写作水平：1. Academic Vocabulary (学术词汇)- Analyze (分析)- Hypothesize (假设)- Synthesize (综合)- Evaluate (评估)2. Descriptive Adjectives (描述性形容词)- Spectacular (壮观的)- Serene (宁静的)- Ambiguous (模糊的)- Exquisite (精致的)3. Linking Words (连接词)- Furthermore (此外)- However (然而)- Therefore (因此)- Consequently (结果)4. Transition Words (过渡词)- Additionally (另外)- Nonetheless (尽管如此)- Meanwhile (与此同时)- Alternatively (或者)5. Adverbs of Degree (程度副词)- Significantly (显著地)- Gradually (逐渐地)- Largely (大部分)- Partially (部分地)6. Nouns for Writing (写作名词)- Perspective (视角)- Argument (论点)- Narrative (叙述)- Conclusion (结论)7. Verbs for Essays (论文动词)- Illustrate (说明)- Assert (断言)- Propose (提议)- Elaborate (详细说明)8. Common Collocations (常用搭配)- Make a difference (产生影响)- Come to a conclusion (得出结论) - Deal with (处理)- Focus on (集中于)9. Phrasal Verbs (短语动词)- Look into (调查)- Come across (偶遇)- Carry out (执行)- Break down (分解)10. Idiomatic Expressions (习语表达)- Break the ice (打破沉默)- Bite the bullet (硬着头皮)- The ball is in your court (球在你的场地，即由你决定)使用这些单词时，注意它们在句子中的恰当位置和语法结构。
GRE英语单词分类总结
千里之行，始于足下。
GRE英语单词分类总结在GRE考试中，学习和掌握大量的英语单词是非常重要的。
根据词性、主题和用途等不同的分类方式，以下是一些常见的GRE英语单词分类总结：1. 词性分类：- 名词（Nouns）：表示人、地点、事物等，如：car（汽车）、book （书）、school（学校）等。
- 动词（Verbs）：表示动作或状态，如：run（跑）、write（写）、think（思考）等。
- 形容词（Adjectives）：描述名词的特征或性质，如：happy（快乐的）、beautiful（美丽的）、important（重要的）等。
- 副词（Adverbs）：修改动词、形容词或其他副词，如：quickly（快速地）、very（非常）、well（好地）等。
- 代词（Pronouns）：代替名词的词语，如：he（他）、they（他们）、it（它）等。
- 介词（Prepositions）：用来表示关系、方向、时间等，如：in（在）、on（在……之上）、before（在前面）等。
- 连词（Conjunctions）：连接句子、词语或短语，如：and（和）、but （但是）、however（然而）等。
2. 主题分类：- 同义词（Synonyms）：具有相同或相似意义的单词，如：happy（快乐的）、joyful（快乐的）、content（满足的）等。
- 反义词（Antonyms）：意义相反的单词，如：big（大的）和small（小的）、hot（热的）和cold（冷的）等。
- 词根和词缀（Roots and Affixes）：具有相同词根和词缀的单词，如：biology（生物学）、biography（传记）、biodegradable（可生物降解的）等。
第1页/共2页锲而不舍，金石可镂。
- 词族（Word Families）：由同一个词根拓展出的单词，如：appear（出现）- appearance（外貌）- disappear（消失）等。
高二英语合格考知识点单词
高二英语合格考知识点单词在高二英语合格考中，掌握并熟练运用各类知识点单词是非常重要的。
以下是一些常见的高二英语合格考知识点单词及其解释，供同学们参考。
1. Synonym（同义词）: Words that have the same or similar meanings. For example, "happy" and "joyful" are synonyms.2. Antonym（反义词）: Words that have opposite meanings. For example, "hot" and "cold" are antonyms.3. Homonym（同音异义词）: Words that have the same pronunciation but different meanings, such as "flower" and "flour".4. Idiom（习语）: A group of words whose meaning is different from the meanings of the individual words. For example, "kick the bucket" means to die.5. Collocation（搭配词）: Words that are frequently used together. For example, "take a shower", "make a decision".6. Prefix（前缀）: A word element placed at the beginning of a word to change its meaning or create a new word. For example, "un-" in "unhappy" means not happy.7. Suffix（后缀）: A word element placed at the end of a word to change its meaning or create a new word. For example, "-ness" in "happiness" changes the adjective "happy" into a noun.8. Root（词根）: The main part of a word from which other words are derived. For example, "dict" is the root in "dictionary" and "predict".9. Compound words（复合词）: Words that are formed by combining two or more words. For example, "blackboard", "sunflower".10. Figurative language（修辞手法）: Words or phrases that are used in a non-literal way to create a vivid or imaginative description. For example, "It's raining cats and dogs" means it's raining heavily.11. Academic vocabulary（学术词汇）: Words that are commonly used in academic settings, such as "analysis", "hypothesis", "thesis".12. Preposition（介词）: A word that shows the relationship between a noun or pronoun and another word in the sentence. For example, "in", "on", "at".13. Conjunction（连词）: A word that connects words, phrases, or clauses. For example, "and", "but", "or".14. Adverb（副词）: A word that describes or modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. For example, "quickly", "very", "really".15. Pronoun（代词）: A word that is used instead of a noun to avoid repetition. For example, "he", "she", "they".以上是一些常见的高二英语合格考知识点单词及其解释。
四级核心词汇
四级核心词汇四级核心词汇是指在英语四级考试中经常出现的词汇。
通过掌握这些核心词汇，可以提高阅读、写作和听力等各个方面的能力。
下面是关于四级核心词汇的相关参考内容。
1. Vocabulary（词汇）Vocabulary is the foundation of language learning. By expanding your vocabulary, you will be able to express yourself more accurately and understand others better. It is important to regularly practice and review new words in order to solidify your knowledge.2. Synonym（同义词）Synonyms are words that have similar meanings. By learning synonyms, you can enhance your vocabulary and avoid repetition in your writing. For example, instead of using the word "happy" repeatedly, you can use synonyms like "joyful," "elated," or "content."3. Antonym（反义词）Antonyms are words that have opposite meanings. Understanding antonyms can help you grasp the nuances of a word and improve your overall comprehension skills. For example, the antonym of "good" is "bad," and the antonym of "happy" is "sad."4. Collocation（搭配）Collocation refers to the arrangement or combination of words that often go together. Mastering collocations can make your English more natural and fluent. For example, we say "make a decision" instead of "do a decision," and "take a shower" instead of "have a shower."5. Idioms（习语）Idioms are phrases or expressions that do not have a literal meaning. Learning idioms can help you understand and communicate in a more native-like way. For example, "a piece of cake" means something is very easy, and "break a leg" is a way to wish someone good luck.6. Phrasal Verbs（短语动词）Phrasal verbs are combinations of verbs and prepositions or adverbs that have a different meaning from the individual words. Phrasal verbs are commonly used in spoken English and understanding them is essential for effective communication. For example, "give up" means to stop doing something, and "take off" means to remove or start to fly.7. Prefixes and Suffixes（前缀和后缀）Prefixes are added at the beginning of a word, and suffixes are added at the end of a word to change its meaning. Understanding common prefixes and suffixes can help you deduce the meaning of unfamiliar words. For example, "un-" is a prefix that means "not," as in "unhappy," and "-ful" is a suffix that means "full of," as in"grateful."8. Academic Words（学术词汇）Academic words are vocabulary words that are frequently used in academic or formal contexts. These words often appear in reading passages, essay prompts, and lecture materials in academic settings. Examples of academic words include "analyze," "evaluate," "interpret," and "demonstrate."9. Word Families（词族）Word families are groups of words that are derived from the same root word and share a common meaning or pattern. By understanding and studying word families, you can expand your vocabulary efficiently. For example, the word family for "inform" includes words like "informative," "information," and "misinform."10. Context Clues（上下文线索）Context clues are hints or information in the surrounding words or sentences that help you figure out the meaning of an unknown word. Being able to use context clues effectively is a valuable skill in reading comprehension. Context clues can be provided through synonyms, antonyms, examples, or explanations within the text.In conclusion, mastering the four-level core vocabulary is crucial for success in the English language proficiency test. By focusing on vocabulary, synonyms, antonyms, collocations, idioms, phrasal verbs, prefixes, suffixes, academic words, word families, andcontext clues, students can enhance their language skills and achieve better results in the four-level examination.。
Academic_vocabulary
Academic_vocabularyACADEMIC VOCABULARY1. Neutral vs academicIn writing, academics use rather formal expressions uncommon in everyday language.NEUTRAL FORMAL NEUTRAL FORMALin short, briefly in sum, to sum up only solelybasically essentially mainly, mostly primarilyalmost, more or less virtually try attempt2. Nouns referring to ideas and phenomena(environmental) issues, (Darwin’s) theory, the model of (how elements relate to each other), the nature of(intelligence), the principle(of least effort), the pattern(of results), a feature(of the new SW), beyond the scope of (this essay), perspectives/views on, research into, (new) approach to3. Verbs for structuring academic problemsdiscuss (a problem), investigate (attitudes), illustrate (a point), conduct (a set of experiments), consider (advantages and disadvantages), analyse (recent events), demonstrate (the ability),identify (constants and variables), support or challenge (a statement), examine (the situation), provide (statistical evidence), include (a discussion), affect (growth), develop (methods), establish (the quality of), account for (the decrease), present (data), approach (a problem), describe (the situation), explore (the relationship between), emphasise (the importance of training)4. AdjectivesA.+prepositions: relative, relevant, specific, common, appropriate to, characteristic, typical ofA.-opposites:abstract (problem) x concrete (examples), simple (issue) x complex (circumstances), accurate (picture) x inaccurate (assessments), rough (estimates) x precise (calculations) specific (problem) x general (terms)A.-combinations with nouns:apparent (discrepancy), potential (problem), principal (cause), rigourous (methodology)5. Adverbscomparatively/relatively,especially/particularly, primarily, mostly/largely, directly-indirectly, somewhat-considerably, essentially, approximately-precisely, rarely-frequently, eventually (in the end, after some time), ultimately (finally, after other steps have been completed), generally-specifically, merely, hardly ever, simply (plainly, easily or absolutely, undoubtedly)6. Phrasal verbsoften have one-word synonyms, which are usually of Latin origin and are more formal than their phrasal verb equivalents but both are appropriate when writing or speaking about academic subjects. Vary your language by using both.PHRASAL VERB SYNONYM PHRASAL VERB SYNONYMput forward (a theory) present, propose point up highlightcarry out (research) conduct set out (to do sth) aimmake up constitute set out describeBe made up of consist of go into discusspoint out observe go against not be in agreement with7. Nouns and the words they combine withN. + adjectivescontact – useful, valuable, personal, constant, close, frequent, intermittentdebate – considerable, heated, intense, public, animatedelements – crucial, decisive, fundamental, conflicting, constituentphenomenon – common, isolated, natural, recent, universalresults – conflicting, in/conclusive, unforeseen, preliminary, encouragingrole – decisive, challenging, influential, key, majorsample – random, representativein... terms – absolute, relative, general, practicalway – alternative, efficient, practical, convenient, proper, acceptableN. + verbscontact – come into c. with, establish, maintain, break off, losedebate – engage in, contribute to, d. surrounding an issueelements – combine, differentiate, discern,phenomena – observe, investigate, explainresults – collect, question, invalidate, falsify, publishrole – define, strenghten, play, take onsample – take, provide, analyseway – discover, devise, work out, develop8. Adjectives + nounsAdjectives of importance + nounsimportant – aspect, contribution, difference, implications, point, question, reason, element significant – increase, reduction, number, proportionmajor/minor - role, changes, problem, factor, issue, concern, difference, theme, contribution, pointenormous/considerable – amount, expansion, number, range, diversity, differnece, variation, extent, degree, impact, power, influence, significance, interestparticular – interest, attention, significance, importance, concernAdjectives of frequency + nounsWidespread – belief, acceptance, support, opposition, assumption, use.Common (frequent) – experience, practice, use, concern(shared) – knowledge, ground, feature, interestSpecific – context, information, case, type, form, purpose, characteristics, conditions, example. Other adjective + noun combinationsInevitable combines with words relating to results or changes – consequence, outcome, collapse, decline, conflict, effect, developmentsExplicit combines with words relating to how things are presented – reference, statements, comparison, account, mention Relevant combines with words relating to evidence – data, documents, information, details, factors 9. Verbs + nouns + adverbsVerb Noun Adverbsto be based on research, theory, story,mainly, partly, looselyhypothesisto associate with word, idea, theorem, term generally,commonly, invariablyto discuss idea, problem, issue, question,at length, briefly, thoroughlytopic, themeto establish relationship, connection firmly, clearly, conclusivelyto examine facts, evidence, effects, aspects briefly, critically, thoroughlyclearly, convincinglyto demostrate existence, need, effects,importanceclearly, correctly, closelyto identify causes, factors, issues,properties, needs, approach,origin10. Prepositional phrasesIN conjuction, in comparison, in line with; in general, in particular; in addition to, in spite of, in terms of; in some ways, in turn, in most respects;ON the whole, on the one hand ... on the other hand; on the basis of, on behalf ofw ith the exception of; as a result (of), at this point/stage; for the most part11. Verbs + prepositionsto draw, comment, concentrate, focus, rely/rest onto be exposed, attributed, traced, to amount, attend (deal with, give one’s attention) toto associate, provide, couple, equip withto depart, benefit, exclude fromto write, speak of (rather formal), convince, dispose ofto account search, call argue for12. Nouns + prepositionsbook, article, essay, lecture, project, assignment about, onresearch, investigation, insight, inquiry intoanalysis, examination, exploration, study, issue ofproblem, difficulty of, withreason, motivation, rationale forlook, attempt atchanges, differences, increase, decrease ininfluence, emphasis, effect onbasis, idea, lack, means ofreason, need, basis, case, preference forrelation, approach, response, attention toattitude, tendency, move, progress to/towardsprinciple, assumptions, rationale, logic behindrelationship, difference, distinction between13. Referring to source materialsThe… literature suggests that, the … draws its data from/draws primarily on, several secondary sources were also consulted,… proved a valuable resource, I also surveyed the literature on, I directly/indirectly cite those works which, an extensive body of literature exists on, as noted, is often attributed to, …. Is dealt with in, … is treated separately from the main body of…14. Degrees of certaintyBeing tentativeThere is some evidence that…, it can be argued that…, it may not be the case that…, it would seem/appear that…, we can presume that…, there seems/appears to be some evidence that…, we can draw the tentative conclusion that…It is true or almost trueIt is undoubtedly true that…, it is, of course…, it is evident that…, the research will probably lead to…, there is a tendency for…, there is every likelihood that…The writer is unsure… has allegedly come to some…conclusions, … is reportedly…15. Criticism of/ reference to an author… asserts/claims/believes that, in his/her view, … touches on, … calls for,… underestimates/overestimates, ignores, … is not persuasive, … does not ring true, worse, the evidence is … at best16. Organizing your writingWorking through a list of different things – firstly, secondly, thirdly, next, lastly/finally Changing topic/bringing in new points / we now/ let us (now) turn toReferring forward – below, in the next section, later,Referring back - above, in the preceding section, earlier, as we have seenReferring to examples, diagrams, pages / as can bee seen, see, for exampleSource: McCarthy, Michael, O’Dell, Felicity. Academic Vocabulary in Use. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008。
英语三级大纲词汇表
词汇表 (Vocabulary)Aabandon 放弃，抛弃ability 能力，智能，才能aboard 在船（飞机，车）上absence 缺席，不在场absolute 绝对的，完全的absolutely 绝对地，极其，完全地absorb 吸收abuse 虐待academic 学院的，学术的accelerate 加速，促进accent 腔调，口音，重音accept 接受，认可acceptance 接受，接纳，承认accident 事故，意外的事accompany 陪伴，伴随accomplish 完成accordance 一致account 账，账目，说明，解释accumulate 积累，积聚accurate 准确的，精确的accuse 谴责，指控，告发accustomed 惯常的，习惯的ache 疼痛，酸痛achieve 完成，达到，获得achievement 完成，成绩，成就acid 酸，酸性物质，酸的acquaintance 熟人，相识acquire 取得，获得acre 英亩across 横越，在…那边act 行为，动作，表演action 行动，动作active 活动的，活跃的，积极的activity 活动actor 男演员actress 女演员actual 实际的，现实的actually 实际上addition 加法，增加additional 附加的，另外的adequate 足够的，恰当的adjective 形容词adjust 调节，调整administration 管理，经营，行政机关，政府admire 羡慕，赞赏，钦佩admit 允许进入，接纳，承认adopt 收养，采取，通过adult 成人advance 推进，促进，前进advanced 前进的，先进的advantage 优点，有利条件adventure 冒险，惊险活动adverb 副词advertisement 广告advice 忠告，意见advise 忠告，劝告，通知affair 事，事情，事件affect 影响affection 爱，感情afford 担负得起，买得起afraid 担心的，害怕的Africa 非洲African 非洲人，非洲的after 在…之后against 反对，靠agent 代理人，代表agreement 同意，一致，协定aggressive 挑衅的，放肆的agriculture 农业aid 援助，救援aircraft 飞机，飞行器airline 航空公司，（飞机）航线airport 航空站，机场awkward 尴尬的alarm 惊恐，忧虑，报警alcohol 酒精，乙醇alike 相同的，相像的alive 活着的，活跃的allow 允许，承认almost 几乎，差不多along 向前，沿着aloud 出声地，大声地alphabet 字母表alter 改变，变更although 虽然，即使altogether 完全，总之amaze 使惊愕，使惊叹ambition 雄心，野心ambulance 救护车America 美洲，美国American 美国人，美国人的amount 数量，数额，合计amuse 经…以消遣，给…以娱乐analysis 分析，解析analyze/analyse 分析，分解ancestor 祖宗，祖先anchor 锚，抛锚，停泊ancient 古代的，古老的anger 愤怒，气愤angle 角，角度，观点ankle 踝announce 宣布，通告annoy 使烦恼，使生气，打搅annual 每年的，每年度的anticipate 预料，期望anxiety 焦虑，挂虑，渴望anxious 担心的，焦虑的，渴望的anyhow 无论如何，不管怎样apart 分离，隔开，相距apartment 一套公寓房间apologize/-ise 道歉，认错apology 道歉，歉意apparent 明显的appear 出现，出场，仿佛appearance 出现，露面，外表appetite 食欲，胃口application 申请，申请书，应用apply 申请，运用，应用appoint 任命，委派，约定appointment 约会，约见，任命approach 接近，途径，方法appropriate 适合的，恰当approve 赞成，同意，批准approximately 似地，约April 四月area 面积，地区，范围arbitrary 随心所欲的，专断的architecture 建筑学，建筑术，建筑风格argue 辩论，争论，主张argument 辩论，论点，论据arise 出现，发生，起源于arithmetic 算术arouse 引起，激起，唤起，唤醒arrange 整理，布置，安排arrangement 安排，准备工作arrest 逮捕，扣留arrow 箭，箭状物article 文章，东西，冠词artificial 人工的artist 艺术家，美术家ash 灰ashamed 惭愧的，害臊的aside 一旁，一边assemble 集合，集会，装配assembly 集会，会议，装配assignment 任务，作业，分配assist 帮助，协助assistance 帮助，援助assistant 助手，助教，助理的assume 假装，假定，设想，承担，采取assure 保证，使确信astonish 使吃惊，使惊讶astronaut 宇航员Atlantic 大西洋的，大西洋atmosphere 空气，大气，气氛atom 原子attach 贴上，系上，使依附attack 攻击，进攻，抨击attain 获得，达到attempt 试图，努力attend 出席，照顾，注意，留意，专心于attention 注意，注意力，立正attitude 态度，看法，姿势attract 吸引，招引，引诱attraction 吸引，吸引力，具有吸引力的事物（或人）attractive 有吸引力的audience 听众，观众，读者August 八月aunt 伯母，婶母，舅母，姨母，姑母author 作者automatic 自动的automobile/auto 汽车autumn 秋available 可利用的，可得到的avenue 林荫路，大街，途径average 平均，平均数，通常的avoid 避免，逃避awake 醒着的，唤醒，醒来award 奖，奖品，授予aware 知道的，意识到的awful 使人畏惧的，可怕的ax(e) 斧子Bbackground 背景，经历backward 倒，倒行的，落后的badly 坏，差，严重的，非常badminton 羽毛球baggage 行李bake 烤，烘，焙balance 称，平衡，均衡，差额ball 舞会balloon 气球band 乐队，军乐队，一群，条，带，绑扎bank 岸，堤barber 理发师bare 赤裸的，光秃的，空的，仅有的，勉强的bargain 讨价还价，便宜货，契约barn 谷仓，仓库barrel 枪管，炮管，桶barrier 障碍，屏障base 基础，基地，根据地basic 基本的，基础的basin 盆，脸盘，盆地basis 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混凝土，具体的，实质性的condense 压缩，浓缩，精简condition 状况，状态，条件conduct 行为，品行conductor 领队，乐队指挥，售票员，列车员，导体conference 会议，讨论会confess 承认，坦白，忏悔confident 确信的，有自信的confine 限制，局限于，禁闭confirm 证实，肯定，批准conflict 战斗，斗争，抵触confuse 混淆，搞乱congratulate 祝贺，贺喜congress 大会，国会，议会conjunction 连接词connect 连续，联系connection 连结，关系conquest 征服conscience 良心，良知conscious 有意识的consent 同意，答应consequence 后果consequently 因而，所以conservative 保守的，保守的人consider 考虑，认为considerable 相当的，可观的considerate 考虑周到的，体谅的consist 由…构成，在于consistent 一致的，一贯的constant 不断的，始终如一的constitution 章程，宪法，体质，构造construct 建设，建造consult 商量，请教，咨询consume 消耗，花费contact 接触，联系，交往contain 容纳，含有，装有container 容器，集装箱contemporary 现代的，同辈content 满足，甘愿contest 竞争，比赛continue 连续，继续continuous 连续的，继续的contract 契约，合同，包工contract 收缩，紧缩contradiction 矛盾，反驳contrary 相反的，矛盾的contrast 对比contribute 捐助，投稿control 控制，抑制convenient 方便的conventional 普通的，常见的conversation 谈话，会话convert 转化convey 传达，输送convince 使信服，使相信co-operate 合作，协作cope 对付，应付copper 铜，铜币cord 绳，索cordial 诚恳的，亲切的core 心，核心corn 谷物，庄稼，玉米corner 角，角落corporation 团体，公司correct 正确的，合适的，修正correspond 相当于，符合corresponding 相应的corridor 走廊cost 成本，费用，值costly 昂贵的，豪华的cottage 村舍，别墅cotton 棉花，棉纱cough 咳嗽council 理事会，委员会count 数，计算，认为counter 柜台，计数器，反对countryside 乡下，农村county 郡，县couple 对，双，夫妇courage 勇气，胆量course 过程，课程，一道菜court 法院，法庭，宫廷，院子cousin 堂（表）兄弟，堂（表）姐妹cover 盖，包括，涉与crack （使）破裂，砸开crash 摔坏，坠毁crawl 爬行，缓慢行进crazy 疯狂的，蠢的cream 奶油create 创造，创作，建立creative 有创造力的creature 人，动物creep 爬行，爬crew 全体船员，全体乘务员cricket 板球，蟋蟀crime 罪，罪行criminal 犯罪的，刑事的，罪犯critic 批评家，评论家critical 批评的，紧要的criticism 批评，评论criticize 批评，评论crop 农作物，庄稼，收成crowd 人群，群众，拥挤crown 王冠，君权cruel 残酷的，残忍的crush 压碎，压服crystal 水晶，透明的culture 修养，教养cupboard 碗柜，小橱cure 治愈，矫正current 流，电流，气流，水流，潮流，趋势，通用的curse 诅骂，咒骂curtain 窗帘，幕（布）cushion 垫子，坐垫custom 习惯，海关customer 顾客customs 海关cycle 自行车，循环Ddaily 每日，日常的dairy 牛奶场damage 毁坏dangerous 危险的，不安全的dare 敢，胆敢darling 亲爱的人，宠爱的dash 冲，突进，破折号dawn 黎明，开始，出现daylight 日光，白天，（一）天deaf 聋的，不愿听的deal 处理，交易，契约，做买卖death 死亡debt 债，欠债decade 十年deceive 欺骗，蒙蔽December 十二月decision 决定，果断deck 甲板，桥面，层面declare 宣布，表明decorate 装饰，布置decrease 减少，减小deduce 推论，演绎deed 行为，事迹deep 深的，深切的defeat 战胜，挫败defence/defense 防御，保卫，工事defend 保卫，辩护definite 明确的，限定的definitely 明确地，肯定地，当然degree 度，程度，学位delay 推迟，耽搁delegation 代表团delicate 纤弱的，易碎的，优美的，精美的delicious 美味的，芬芳的delight 快乐，使高兴deliver 投递，送交，发表，接生delivery 传递，交付demand 要求，需要，质问democracy 民主，民主制demonstrate 证实，表明dense 密的，浓厚的deny 否认，拒绝depart 出发，离开department 部门，系depend 依靠，信任dependent （on,upon）依赖的depress 压抑，降低depth 深度，厚度descend 下来，下降，传下describe 描述，形容description 描写，形容desert 沙漠，不毛之地deserve 应受，值得design 计划，企图，设计desirable 合乎需要的，令人满意的desire 愿望，要求despair 失望，绝望desperate 绝望的，危急的，铤而走险的despite 不管，尽管destination 目的地destroy 破坏，毁灭destruction 破坏，毁灭detail 细节，详细说明detect 察觉，发现determination 决心，决定determine 决定，测定develop 发展，进展，发扬development 发展，进展，新事物device 装置，仪器devil 魔鬼devote 奉献，献身diagram 图解，图表dial 标度盘，拨号盘，打dialect 方言dialogue 对话，对白diameter 直径diamond 钻石，金刚石diary 日记，日记簿dictate 听写，口述dictation 口授笔录，听写dictionary 字典，词典differ 不同，分歧difference 差别，争论difficulty 困难，难事dig 挖，掘diligent 勤奋的，用功的dim 暗淡的，模糊的dinner 正餐，宴会dip 浸，蘸direct 径直，直接，指引direction 方向，指导，说明directly 直接地，立即director 主任，处长，导演dirt 尘，土，污物disadvantage 不利条件disagree 意见分歧，不符disappear 消失，消散disappoint 使失望disaster 灾害，灾难discharge 卸（货），解除，发射discourage 使失去信心discover 发现，显示，暴露discovery 发现discuss 讨论discussion 讨论，议论disease 疾病disgust 使厌恶，厌恶dish 碟，盘子，菜肴dishonour 不光彩，使丢脸dislike 不喜欢，厌恶dismiss 驳回，对…不予受理disorder 失调，疾病display 陈列，展览distance 距离，路程，远处distant 在远处的，远隔的distinction 区别，差别distinguish 区别，辨别出distress 苦恼，悲痛，危难distribute 分配，散布district 区，地区，行政区disturb 扰乱，妨碍，使不安ditch 沟，渠，水沟dive 潜水，跳水，俯冲divide 分，划分，分担division 分，分割，除法divorce 离婚，分离dollar 美元，元domestic 家庭的，国内的donkey 驴dormitory/dorm （集体）宿舍dose 剂量，一剂dot 点，圆点，打点double 两倍的，双重的doubt 怀疑，疑问，不相信doubtful 怀疑的，可疑的doubtless 无疑的，很可能的down 下，向下，顺…而下downstairs 在楼下，往楼下，楼下的dozen 一打，十二个draft 草稿，草案，草拟drag 拖拉dramatic 戏剧性的，引人注目的draw 拉，拖，引出，提取drawer 抽屉drawing 素描，图画dream 梦，梦想，做梦dress 服装，女装，打扮drift 漂，漂流drip 滴下，漏水，点滴drive 驾驶，开动，迫使drop 滴，水滴，失落drown 淹死，淹没drug 药品，麻醉品drum 鼓，鼓状物dry 干的，干旱的，晒干duck 鸭，鸭肉due 预定，应得的，到期的dull 愚笨的，单调的，阴暗的dumb 哑的，无声的during 在…期间，在…时候dusk 黄昏，幽暗dust 灰尘，拂，掸，垃圾duty 职务，义务，税dye 染，染色，染料Eeach 各，各自，每eager 热心的，渴望的eagle 鹰earn 赚得，羸得，获得earnest 热切的，认真的ease 容易，安逸，减轻easily 容易地，轻易地eastern 东方的，朝东的echo 回声，把响economic 经济的economy 经济，经济制度，节约edge 刃，边缘，棱，挤进educate 教育，培养education 教育，训练effect 效果，作用effective 有效的，生效的efficiency 效率，功效efficient 效率高的，有能力的effort 努力，尽力eg. 例如elastic 弹性的，灵活的，松紧带elder 年长的，资格老的，长辈elect 推选，选举election 选举electric 电的，带电的，电动的electrical 电的，电气科学的electricity 电，电流，电学electronic 电子的element 元素，要素，成分elevator 电梯，升降机else 别的，另外elsewhere 在别处embarrass 使窘迫，使为难emerge 出现，冒出，（事情）暴露emergency 紧急情况，突然事件emit 散发，放射emotion 情感，情绪emotional 感情的emperor 皇帝emphasis 强调emphasize 强调empire 帝国employ 雇用，使用employee 雇员employment 职业，就业，雇佣empty 空的，空洞的，搬空enable 使能够encounter 遭遇，遇到encourage 鼓励，助长，促进endless 无限的，无穷的endure 忍受，忍耐，持续enemy 敌人，仇敌energy 精力，气力，能量enforce 实行，执行，强制engage 雇佣，使订婚engine 发动机，引擎engineer 工程师engineering 工程（学）England 英格兰，英国English 英语，英国人，英国的enlarge 扩大，放大enormous 庞大的，巨大的enough 足够，足够地ensure 保证，担保entertain 招待，使欢乐enthusiasm 热心，热情，积极性entire 完全的，完整的entitle 给以权利，给以资格entrance 入口，门口，入场entry 进入，入场envelope 信封，信皮environment 环境，周围状况，自然环境envy 妒忌，羡慕equal 同等的，相等的，匹敌者equation 方程（式），等式equip 装备，设备equipment 装备，器材era 时代，纪元error 错误，过失escape 逃跑，逃避especially 特别，格外essay 散文，随笔essential 必不可少的，必要的establish 建立，确立estimate 估计，评价etc. 等等Europe 欧洲European 欧洲的，欧洲人evaluate 估价，评价eve 前夜，前夕even 甚至，连…都，平等的evening 晚上，黄昏event 事件，大事，比赛项目eventually 最后，终于ever 曾经，在任何时候every 每，每个everybody 每人everyday 每天的everyone 每人everything 事事，一切东西everywhere 到处，处处evidence 明显的，明白的evil 坏的，邪恶的exact 确切的，精确的exactly 确切地，恰好exaggerate 夸大examination/exam 考试，检验examine 检验，审查，考试example 例，范例exceed 超过excellent 优秀的except 除…之外exception 除外，例外excessive 过多的，极度的exchange 交换，调换excite 激动，唤起，刺激exciting 令人兴奋的exclaim 呼喊，大声说exclude 把…排除在外execute 实行，执行，处决executive 实施的exercise 习题，运用，训练exhaust 用尽，竭力exhibit 展览，显示，展品exhibition 展览会，显示exist 在，存在existence 存在，生存exit 出口，太平门，离去expect 期待，盼望experience 经验，经历experiment 试验expert 专家，能手explain 解释explanation 解释explode 爆炸，破裂explore 探险，探索explosion 爆炸，爆发explosive 爆炸（性）的，炸药expose 揭露export 出口，输出express 表示expression 表示，措辞，脸色extend 伸出extensive 广博的extent 范围，程度external 外部的extra 额外的extraordinary 特别的extreme 极端的eyesight 视力Ffabric 织物facility 便利，设备，工具factor 因素，要素fade 褪色，凋谢，消失failure 失败，失败者faint 发晕，昏过去，微弱的fair 公平的，相当的，晴朗的,定期集市，交易会fairly 公平地，相当，完全faith 信任，信用，信仰faithful 忠诚的，忠实的false 假的，虚伪的familiar 熟悉的，交情好的famine 饥荒famous 著名的fan 扇子，风扇，狂热爱好者fare 车费，船费，进展farewell 再会farmer 农夫，农场主farther(further)更远，进一步fashion 样子，方式，风尚fashionable 流行的fasten 扣紧，结牢fatal 致命的fate 命运fatigue 劳累fault 缺点，过失favo(u)r 好感，恩惠，支持favo(u)rable 有利的，赞成的favo(u)rite 最喜爱的人（或）物，最喜爱的fear 恐惧，担心fearful 吓人的feasible 可行的feather 羽毛feature 面貌，特征February 二月federal 联邦的，联盟的fee 酬金，学费feed 喂养，（牛，马）吃东西feeling 感觉，知觉，心情fell 砍伐fellow 家伙，小伙子，同事female 雌性的动物，女子，女（性）的fence 篱笆，围栏fertile 肥沃的fertilizer 化肥，肥料festival 音乐节，节日fetch （去）拿来，请来fever 发烧，发热，兴奋few 少数的，几平没有fibre/fiber 纤维，纤维质field 原野，活动范围fierce 凶猛的，强烈的fight 打仗，斗争figure 外形，图形，人物fill 装满，填充filter 滤纸，过滤器final 最后的，决定性的financial 财政的finding 调查（或研究）的结果fine 美好的，优良的，明朗的，细的，精细的finger 指头finish 完毕，完成fireman 消防队员firm 坚固的，坚强的，公司fisherman 渔夫fist 拳头fit 合适的，恰当的，健壮的fix 固定，安装，修理，确定flag 旗flame 火焰，火苗，热情flat 平坦的，平淡的，公寓套房flavo(u)r 滋味，风味fleet 舰队，机群flesh 肉，果肉，肌肤flexible 柔软的，易弯曲的flight 飞行，航班float 浮动flock （一）群flood 洪水，水灾，淹没flour 面粉，粉状物flourish 繁荣，兴旺flow 流，流动fluent 流利的，流畅的fluid 流动的，液体的，流体fly 飞行，苍蝇focus 使聚集，使集中fog 雾fold 人们，民间的follow 跟随，追求，遵循，理解following 下列的，接着的fool 笨蛋，愚蠢，玩弄foolish 愚笨的footstep 脚步，脚步声forbid 禁止force 力，力气，军队，强迫forecast 预测forehead 额foreign 外国的，对外的foreigner 外国人forest 森林，森林地带forever 永远，总是forget 忘记，遗忘forgive 宽恕fork 叉，岔口form 形状，方式，形成，类型，格式，表格formal 正式的，礼仪上的formation 形成，构成，形成物former 在前的formula 公式forth 向前，向外fortnight 两星期fortunate 幸运的fortunately 幸运地fortune 命运，财富forward 前部的，激进的found 建立foundation 建立，基础fountain 泉水，喷泉fox 狐狸fraction 碎片，小部分fragment 小部分，片段frame 框架，体格framework 构架，结构frank 坦白的free 自由的，免费的，畅通的freedom 自由，自主freeze 结冰，凝固French 法国的，法国人，法语，法语的frequently 时常，往往fresh 新的，有生气的，淡水的friendly 友谊的，友好的friendship 友好，友谊frighten 吓唬frog 蛙frontier 边界，边疆frost 霜，严寒frown 皱眉头fruit 水果，成果fry 油煎fuel 燃料fulfil(l) 完成，履行full 满的，完全fun 玩笑，有趣的人（或事）function 职责，功能fund 资金，专款fundamental 基本的funeral 葬礼funny 可笑的，有趣的，古怪的fur 软毛，皮衣furnace 炉子furniture 家具further 更远，进一步furthermore 而且future 将来，远景Ggain 获得，增加，获利gallon 加仑gang 一群gap 缺口，隔阂garage 车库，飞机库gardener 园丁gas 气体，煤气gasoline 汽油gate 大门，城门gay 快乐的，华丽的gaze 凝视general 普通的，总的，大体的，将军generally 一般generation 产生，代，时代generator 发电机，发生器generous 慷慨的，宽厚的genius 天才gentle 和蔼的，有礼貌的gentleman 绅士，先生gently 文雅地，轻轻地genuine 真正的，真诚的geometry 几何学germ 微生物，病菌German 德国人，德语，德语的，德国人的Germany 德意志gesture 手势，姿态ghost 幽灵giant 巨人，大的gift 赠品，才能glance 看一眼glimpse 一瞥globe 地球，地球仪glorious 壮丽的glory 光荣glove 手套glow 发热，发红，发光glue 胶goal 终点，目的gold 金，金的golden 金色的goods 货物，财产goose 鹅govern 统治government 政府，管理，政体governor 地方长官graceful 优美的grade 等级，年级，分数gradual 逐步的gradually 逐渐地graduate 毕业生，研究生的grain 谷物，颗粒grammar 语法，语法书grand 主要的，宏大的granddaughter 孙女，外孙女grandfather 祖父，外祖父grandmother 祖母，外祖母grandson 孙子，外孙grant 同意，给予grape 葡萄graph （曲线）图，图解grasp 掌握，抓紧grass 草grateful 感激的gratitude 感激great 大的，重大的，十足的，美妙的greatly 大大地，非常greedy 贪吃的，渴望的Greek 希腊人，希腊（人）的，希腊语green 绿色，生的，缺乏经验的greet 致敬，迎接，扑（鼻），入（耳），触（目）greeting 致敬，祝贺grey/gray 灰色grip 紧握groan 呻吟grocer 食品商，杂货商gross 总的，毛重的ground 地面，场地，根据growth 生长，增长guarantee 保证guard 守卫，提防，哨兵guess 推测，以为guest 客人，旅客guidance 引导guide 向导，入门书guilty 有罪的gulf 海湾gum 树胶，口香糖gymnasium/gym 体育馆，健身房Hhabit 习惯hall 穿堂，大厅halt 止步hammer 锤，敲打handful 一把，少数handkerchief 手帕handle 手柄，触，处理handsome 漂亮的，慷慨的handwriting 笔迹handy 手边的hang 吊，绞死happiness 幸福，幸运harbor(u)r 港口，避难所harden 硬化hardship 艰难hardware 五金，硬件harm 损害，危害harmony 和谐，和睦harvest 收获，后果haste 匆忙，赶快hat 帽子hatred 憎恶hay 干草hazard 危险，危害headache 头痛headmaster 校长headquarters 司令部，指挥部health 健康，卫生healthy 健康的heap （一）堆，许多heart 心，中心，内心heat 热，激烈，发热heaven 天堂，天空heavy 重的，繁重的，猛烈的hedge 篱笆heel 脚跟height 高，高度，顶点helicopter 直升飞机helpful 有帮助的，有益的hen 母鸡，雌禽hence 因此hero 英雄，男主角heroine 女英雄，女主角heroic 英勇的hesitate 犹豫，踌躇hide 隐藏，躲藏highly 高度地，很，非常highway 公路hillside （小山）山腰hint 暗示hire 雇用，租借hit 打击，碰撞，完成hobby 业余爱好holiday 假日，休假hollow 空的，中空的holy 神圣的honest 诚实的，正直的hono(u)r 荣誉，敬意hono(u)rable 光荣的，可尊敬的hook 钩，钩状物hopeful 有希望的hopeless 没有希望的horn 角，喇叭，触角horror 恐怖horsepower 马力hospital 医院host 主人hostile 敌对的hotel 旅馆household 户，家庭housewife 家庭主妇however 然而，无论，不管human 人的，人类的humble 低下的，谦卑的，降低humid 湿的，湿气重的humo(u)rous 幽默的hunt 打猎，寻找hurt 伤害hydrogen 氢Iice-cream 冰淇淋idea 想法，概念ideal 理想，称心的identify 认出idle 闲着的，无效的，空虚igore 不理，忽视illegal 不合法的illness 病image 像，形象imaginary 想像的imagination 想像imagine 想像，料想imitate 模仿immediate 立即的，最接近的immense 巨大的immigrant 移民，侨民impact 影响impatient 不耐烦的implication 含义，暗指imply 意指import 输入，进口物资importance 重要性impossible 不可能的impress 给…深刻的印象impression 印象，感想impressive 给人以深刻印象的improve 改善，进步improvement 改进inch 英寸incident 小事件，事变include 包含，计入income 收入increase 增长indeed 的确，多么independence 独立independent 独立的Indian 印度人（的），印的安人（的）indicate 指示，暗示indication 迹象indirect 间接的individual 个人，个别的indoor(s) 室内industrial 工业的industry 工业inevitable 必然的infant 婴儿infect 传染infer 推断inferior 次的influence 影响，权势inform 通知，告发information 信息，情报inhabitant 居民inherit 继承injection 注射，喷射injure 损害，伤害inn 小旅馆inner 内部的innocent 清白的insect 昆虫insist 坚持inspect 检查inspire 使产生灵感install 装置instance 例instant 立刻，瞬间instead 代替instinct 本能，天性instruct 教，指示instruction 命令，说明instrument 工具，乐器insult 侮辱insurance 保险insure 保险，替…保险intellectual 知识分子intelligence 智力，报导intelligent 聪明的intend 想要，企图intensive 加强的，集中的intention 意图intentional 故意的interest 兴趣，利息interesting 有趣的interfere 干涉interference 干涉intermediate 中间的internal 内部的international 国际的interrupt 打断，断绝interval 间隔interview 接见，面试intimate 亲密的into 到…里，成为introduce 介绍，引进introduction 介绍，引论invasion 侵入invent 发明invention 发明inventor 发明者invest 投资investigate 调查研究investment 投资invitation 请柬，招待invite 邀请，招待involve 卷入，连累，含有inward 里面的，向内的iron 铁，烙铁，烫island 岛屿isolate 隔离Italian 意大利（人）的，意大利语item 条，条款its 它的itself 它自己Jjacket 短上衣jam 果酱January 一月Japanese 日本的，日本人的，日语jar 罐，坛jaw 颌，颚jazz 爵士乐jealous 妒忌的jewel 宝石join 接合，加入joint 关节，接合处，联合的joke 笑话，玩笑，开玩笑journal 日报，期刊journey 旅行joy 欢乐，乐事judge 审判员，评价，审判judg(e)ment 审判，意见juice 汁，液July 七月June 六月junior 年少的，后进的，下级的justice 公道，司法justify 证明…正当（或有理），为…辩护Ikeen 锋利的，尖锐的，敏捷的，热心的，渴望的kick 踢kilogram(me)/kilo 公斤，千克kilometre 公里，千米kindness 仁慈，友好行为kingdom 王国，领域kitchen 厨房knee 膝kneel 跪knock 敲打，碰撞knot 结，节疤knowledge 知识，知道Llaboratory/lab 实验室labo(u)r 工作，劳动，劳力lack 缺少，没有ladder 梯子lady 夫人，小姐，女士lag 落后lamp 灯land 陆地，国家，着陆landlord 房东，地主lane 小路，行车道language 语言lap 膝盖large 大的，众多的largely 大部分，基本上laser 激光last 迟到，晚期的，持续lately 近来latter 后面的，后者laughter 笑声launch 发射，发起，开始laundry 洗衣房lavatory 厕所lawn 草地lawyer 律师lay 放，搁，下（蛋），铺设layer 层lazy 懒惰的lead 领导，引导，铅leading 指导的，最主要的leader 领袖leadership 领导leaf 叶子league 同盟，联盟leak 渗漏lean 屈身，倚，依赖leap 跳跃，跳过learn 学习，听到learned 有学问的learning 学习，学问least 最小的，最少leather 皮革，皮革制品leave 离开，留下，忘带，同意lecture 演讲，讲课leg 腿脚，腿legal 法律（上）的，合法的leisure 空闲lemon 柠檬length 长，长度lens 透镜，镜头less 较少lessen 课，教训lest 惟恐，以免level 水平，水准，铺平liable 有…倾向的liberal 慷慨的，丰富的，自由的liberate 解放license/licence 准许，认可，执照lid 盖lie 躺，平放，说慌，慌言life 生命，生计，寿命lifetime 一生lift 提起，消散，电梯light 光，轻的lightning 闪电，快速的likely 可能的，大概likewise 同样，也lime 石灰limit 界限，范围，限定limitation 限制，局限性link 环，联系lion 狮子lip 嘴唇liquid 液体，液态的liquor 酒list 表，名单，列入literature 文学，图书资料litre/liter 公升lively 活泼的，逼真liver 肝，肝脏living 活的，现存的living-room 起居室load 装，装填，负担loaf 一条（只）面包loan 贷款，借出local 地方的，局部的locate 找出，位于lodge 住宿log 圆木，木料logic 逻辑，逻辑学logical 逻辑（上）的，符合逻辑的lonely 孤独的，荒凉的loose 松的，宽的lorry 卡车，运货汽车loud 响亮的，吵闹的loudspeaker 扬声器lovely 可爱的，秀丽的，令人愉快的lover 爱好者，情人loyal 忠诚的loyalty 忠诚，忠心lucky 幸运的luggage 行李lump 块，团lunch 午餐lung 肺luxury 奢侈，奢侈品Mmachine 机器，机械machinery （总称）机械，机器mad 疯的，着迷的magazine 杂志，期刊magic 戏法，魔法，有魔力的magnificent 壮丽的，宏伟的maid 女仆mail 邮件，邮寄main 主要的，总管道mainly 主要地，大体上mainland 大陆，本土maintain 保养，维修，继续major 较大的，主要的，主修majority 多数male 男（性）的manage 管理，处理，设法management 管理，经营manager 经理mankind 人类manner 方式，态度，规矩manual 用手的，体力的March 三月margin 页边空白mark 记号，痕迹，分数，作标记marriage 结婚，结婚仪式married 已婚的，夫。
Academic Word List英语学术词汇
Sublist 1 of the Academic Word List - Most Frequent Words in Familiesanalysis n.分析, 分解approach n.接近, vt.接近, vi.靠近area n.范围,面积, 地区, 空地assessment n.估价, 被估定的金额assume vt.假定, 设想, 采取, 呈现authority n.权威, 威信, 权威人士, 权力, 职权, 典据, 著作权威available adj.可利用的,有空的, 接受探访的benefit n.利益, 好处vt.有益于, 有助于vi.受益concept n.观念, 概念consistent adj.一致的, 调和的, 坚固的, [数、统]相容的constitutional adj.构成的, 增强体质的, 宪法的, 拥护宪法的context n.上下文, 文章的前后关系contract n.合同, 契约, 婚约v.使缩短, 感染, 订约create vt.创造, 创作, 引起, 造成data n.datum的复数, 资料, 数据definition n.定义, 解说, 精确度, (轮廓影像等的)清晰度derived vt得到distribution n.分配，established adj.已制定的, 确定的estimate v.估计,评估n.估计, 评估evidence n.明显,明白, 迹象, 根据, [物]证据, 证物export vt. 输出n.出口货, factors n.因素, 要素, 因数, 代理人financial adj.财政的, 金融的formula n.公式, 规则, 客套语function n.官能, 功能, 作用, 职责, 典礼, 仪式, [数]函数vi.(器官等)活动, 运行, 行使职责identified vt.识别, 鉴别, 把...和...看成一样v.确定income n.收入, 收益, 进款, 所得indicate vt.指出, 显示, 象征, 预示, 需要, 简要地说明individualn.个人, 个体adj.个别的, 单独的, 个人的interpretation n.解释, 阐明, 口译, 通译n.解释, 阐明, 口译, 通译involved adj.复杂难懂的issues n.问题,争论点labour n,劳动,努力legal adj.合法的legislation n.法律,法规major adj.主要的method n.方法,办法occur vi. 发生, 出现percent n.百分比, 百分数Period . n时期adj.过去某段时期的policy n.政策, 方针Principle n. 法则, 原则, 原理procedure n.程序, 手续process n. 过程vt.加工, 处理Required adj.必需的research n.研究, 调查vi.研究, 调查response n.回答, 响应, 反应role n.角色, 任务section n.部分, 断片, 部件, 节, 项, 区, 地域, 截面sector n.部分, 部门, [计]扇区, 地区, 象限, 扇形v.使分成部分, 把...分成扇形significant adj. 有意义的, 重大的, 重要的Similar adj. 相似的, 类似的source specific n.特效药, 细节adj.详细而精确的, 明确的, 特殊的, 特效的, [生物]种的structure n.结构, 构造, 建筑物vt.建筑, 构成, 组织theory n. 理论, 学说Variables n.[数]变数, 可变物, 变量adj.可变的, 不定的, 易变的, [数]变量的Sublist 2 of Academic Word List –Second Most Frequent Words in FamiliesAchieve vt.完成Acquisition vt.收购Administration n.管理Affect vt. 影响Appropriate adj适当的, 恰当的aspects n. 粗暴, 粗鲁assistance n.帮助, 援助categories vt. 把…归类chapter n.章, 回, 篇commission n.授权, 委托vt.. 委任, 委托community n. 社区, 社会, 团体complex adj. 由许多部分组成的, 复合的compute n.估计估算conclusion n.信念，结尾conduct v. 控制, 管理consequences n. 重要(性), 重大construction n.建造, 建设; 建筑业consumer n.消费者, 顾客credit n.存款，借贷cultural adj.文化的, 与文化有关的design v.设计, 绘制n. 图样,目的distinction n.特征,区别，荣誉elements n. 原理,基础equation n. 方程式, 等式evaluation n.估价,评价features n. 容貌final adj最后的, 最终的focus vt. (使)集中, (使)聚集n. 焦点, 焦距; 中心impact n.影响, 作用冲击(力), 碰撞v.对某事物有影响injury n. 伤害, 损害，受伤处institute vt.建立, 制定; investment n. 协会, 学会; 学院, 研究院items n.名目journal n.杂志, 期刊,日记maintenance n. 维持; 维护; 保养; 维修,赡养费normal adj. 正常的obtained n.获得participation n. 分享,参与perceived v.感知positive adj.确实的积极的potential adj.潜在的, 有可能的previous adj.先前的, 以前的primary ad.j首要的; 主要的; purchase n+vt购买range v. 一系列region n. 地区; 地带; 区域; 范围regulations n.规程; 规章; 守则; 条例relevant adj.有关的, 切题的resident adj.定居的; 常驻的n.居民，房客resources n.资源;资源restricted adj.限制的,禁止的security n. 安全, 抵押品sought seek的过去式和过去分词select vt. 选择; 挑选adj.精选的, 挑选出来的site n.位置, 场所, 地点.vt.使坐落在; 设置strategies n. 策略survey vt眺望; 纵览text n. 正文, 本文traditional adj.传统的, 惯例的transfer v. 转移; 迁移n. 转移; 转让; 转录Sublist 3 of Academic Word List –Third Most Frequent Words in FamiliesAlternative adj.两者选一的,供替代的circumstances n.环境，条件comments n.注解，注释compensation n.赔偿，补偿金components n.成分,组成部分consent n. 准许,同意considerable adj.相当大(或多)的constant adj.始终如一的,不断的constraints n.强制,约束contribution n.贡献,捐款物convention n.大会,惯例coordination n.协调,和谐core n.果核,核心corporate adj.社团的,法人的corresponding adj. 相当的, 对应的criteria n.标准deduction n.扣除,减除demonstrate v.说明,演示document n.公文,文件, dominant adj.占优势的emphasis n.强调,重点ensure v.确保,担保excluded v.排除,不包括在内framework n.构架,结构funds n.基金illustrated n.有插图的报章杂志immigration n.移民局检查站implies v.暗示,暗指initial adj.最初的,开头的instance n.例子,事例interaction n.一起活动,合作justification n,正当的理由layer n.层,层次link n.环,联系location n.位置,场所maximum adj.最大值的,最大量的minorities n.少数,小部分negative adj.拒绝的,怀疑的outcomes n.结果partnership n.合作关系philosophy n.哲学,人生哲学physical adj.身体的,物质的proportion n.均衡,相称published vt.出版,公布reaction n.反应,回应registered adj.已注册的. Reliance n.依靠,依耐Removed adj.离开的, Scheme n.阴谋,诡计Sequence n.有关联的一组事物Sex n.性别,性Shift n.转换,转变Specified v.详述,指定Sufficient adj.足够的.充足的Task n.工作,任务technical n.技术学院和学校techniques n.技巧,手法technology n.科技,工业技术validity n.有效,合法性volume n.卷,册,书卷Sublist 4 of Academic Word List –Fourth Most Frequent Words in FamiliesAccess n. 接近; 使用; 进入的权利, 接近的机会; 门路, 通道, 入口; 病菌的侵入; 允许进入一个电脑系统和/或接受资料(计算机用语) v. 取出; 接近; 使用emerge v. 浮现, 脱出, 形成output n.产量,输出,输出功率vt. 输出adequate adj. 足够的, 能满足需要的; 胜任的; 适当的; 差强人意的, 尚可的error n. 错误, 失误, 过失overall n. 工作裤; 防护服; 工作服; 罩衫adj. 从头到尾的; 总的, 全面的, 全部的adv. 从头到尾; 大体上; 总的来说annual n. 年鉴, 年刊; 一年生植物adj. 每年的; 一年一次的; 一年生的ethnic adj. 种族的; 人种学的paralleln. 平行, 相匹敌之物, 对比v. 与...平行, 相比, 与...相似adj. 平行的, 相似的apparent adj. 显然的; 外观上的goal n. 目标, 得分, 终点parameter n. 参数, 参量; 界限; 因素, 特征; 决定功能形式的变数approximate v. 近似, 接近; 大致估计; 使接近; 模拟; 近于adj. 近似的, 大约的granted conj. 假定; 就算phase n. 时期, 阶段, 局面v. 使调整相位, 实行, 逐步执行attitude n. 态度; 看法; 姿势hence adv. 因此; 从此predict v. 预言; 预报; 预料; 作预言; 作预报; 作预料attribute n. 属性; 标志, 象征; 特质, 特性; 定语v. 归于, 属于hypothesis n. 假设principal n. 校长, 本金, 首长adj. 主要的, 首要的, 重要的civil adj. 市民的, 有礼貌的, 公民的implementation n. 履行; 成就; 完成prior adj. 在先的, 在前的; 优先的, 更重要的; 居先的code n. 编码, 密码, 电码; 原密码, 编程语言命令的继位(计算机用语) v. 把...编码, 制成法典implication n. 含意, 暗示professional n. 专业人才adj. 专业的, 职业的commitment n. 托付, 交托; 下狱; 委任; 收监impose v. 征; 把...强加于; 加于; 利用; 施影响; 欺骗project n. 计划, 事业, 方案v. 计划, 投掷, 设计; 突出, 伸出; 投射communication n. 沟通, 交通; 通信integration n. 整合, 集成, 完成promote v. 晋升; 促进; 使升级; 发扬concentration n. 集中; 专心; 集合internal n. 本质, 本性; 内部器官, 内脏adj. 内在的; 国内的regime n. 政体,政权制度, 政权conference n. 会议; 协商会; 讨论会investigation n. 调查; 研究resolution n. 决心; 正式决定, 决议; 决定; 分解, 解析contrast n. 对比;差异;对照,相反,变化; 清晰度v. 使对比,使对照; 形成对照job n. 工作, 职业, 零活v. 做零工; 假公济私; 做股票经纪; 代客买卖; 承包; 批发retain v. 保持,保留cycle n.周期; 自行车; 循环v. 循环; 骑自行车; 轮转; 使循环; 使轮转label n.票;标签;商标; 签条, 一小条纸; 小名v. 贴标签于;分类; 指...为series n. 连续,丛书,系列debate n. 辩论, 讨论v. 辩论, 争论, 讨论; 思考; 参加辩论; 辩论, 争论, 讨论;思考, 盘算; 与...辩论mechanism n. 机械,结构,机构statistic n. 统计量; 统计数值adj. 统计的, 统计学的despite prep.不管.尽管obvious adj. 明显的, 显然的,明白的status n. 状态, 地位, 情形Dimension n.尺寸, 容积, 次元Occupational adj.职业的, 占领的Stress n. 重压, 压力, 逼迫v. 着重, 重读, 强调Domestic n.仆人, 佣人; 国货adj. 家庭的, 驯服的, 国内的Option n.选择权, 选项Subsequent adj. 后来的, 并发的Sum n.总数, 金额,和v.计算...的总和;概括; 总结; 概述summary n. 摘要,概要adj. 摘要的,简略的undertake v. 承担,许诺,担任Sublist 5 of Academic Word List –Fifth Most Frequent Words in Familiesacademic adj.学科的，理论的adjustment n.调整，适应alter v.变更amendmentn.改良，改正aware adj.机警的，觉察的capacity n.容量，资格challenge n/v.挑战clause n. 从句compounds v. 混合，增加conflict n/v.冲突consultation n.咨询contact v.联系decline v.拒绝，跌落discretion n.谨慎，明辨draft n/v.草稿，选拔enable v.使能够energy n.能量enforcement n.实施，强迫entities n.实体，本质equivalent adj/ n相等的，向等物evolution n.进化expansion n.扩大exposure n.暴露，曝光external adj.外在的facilitate v.使容易，促进fundamentaladj/ n.基本的generated a. 产生的generation n.一代，子孙image n.形象liberala.自由主义的licence n.执照logic n.逻辑marginal adj.边缘的medical adj.医药的mental adj.精神的modified adj.修饰的monitoring adj.监控的network n.人际关系notion n.想法，观念objective adj.客观的orientation n.东方，潮流perspective n/adj.远景/透视的precise adj.精确的prime n.首要的psychology n.心理学pursue v.追捕，从事ratio n.比率rejected adj.否定的revenue n.收入stability n.稳定性styles n.风格substitution n.代替sustainable adj.可维持的symbolic adj.象征的target n.目标transition n.转换trend n.趋势，倾向version n.翻译/说明/版本welfare n.福利whereas conj.虽然,但是Sublist 6 of Academic Word List –Sixth Most Frequent Words in FamiliesAbstract adj.抽象的accurate adj.精确的,准确的acknowledged n.答谢的表示aggregate n.〈正〉数, 总计vt. 总计达…v使)聚集allocation n. 配给, 分配, 拨出assigned n. 受托人,代理人attached adj.爱慕的, 关心的author n.著作家, 作者bond n. 联系, 关系. Vt. 使粘结,使结合brief adj.短暂的,短时间的capable adj有能力的, 有技能的cited v.引用。
大学学术英语教材词汇表
大学学术英语教材词汇表Introduction学术英语在大学教育中扮演着重要的角色，尤其对于学术研究和跨学科交流至关重要。
掌握学术英语词汇是学生们在大学阶段必备的基本能力之一。
本文将介绍一份大学学术英语教材词汇表，旨在为学生提供一个全面且实用的学术英语词汇参考。
1. Academic Vocabulary学术词汇是大学学术英语的核心内容，它包含了各个学科领域特定的词汇和表达方式。
这些词汇涵盖了科学、人文、社会科学等多个学科领域。
学生需要通过学习这些词汇，才能理解学术文献和参与学术讨论。
2. Discipline-specific Vocabulary不同学科领域有着其独特的词汇和术语。
学生在学习专业知识的同时，也要学习相应学科的专业词汇。
比如，在工程学领域，学生需要掌握诸如"mechanical engineering"（机械工程）、"civil engineering"（土木工程）等一系列相关词汇。
3. General Academic Vocabulary除了专业术语外，学生还需要掌握一些通用的学术词汇。
这些词汇在跨学科交流和学术写作中非常常见，如"analysis"（分析）、"methodology"（方法论）、"critique"（批评分析）等。
这些词汇的掌握可以提高学生在学术场景中的表达能力。
4. Vocabulary Building Strategies学生在学习大学学术英语词汇时，可以采用一些有效的策略。
首先，阅读学术文献是一个非常好的方法，通过阅读，学生能够接触到更多的学术词汇，并学会将其应用到实际上下文中。
其次，使用记忆方法，比如制作词汇卡片、编写例句，有助于记忆和运用学术词汇。
此外，参与学术讨论和写作也是提高学术词汇能力的有效途径。
5. Online Resources网络资源提供了大量的学术英语学习资料，学生可以通过使用在线词典、语料库和学术文献数据库来拓展学术词汇量。
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Academic VocabularyEquipping yourself with the relevant academic vocabulary will give youa head start in your university studies. Especially if you’re a second language learner of English, studying in a foreign language can be very difficult and time-consuming. In order to do well, you may want to consider the following ways of learning academic vocabulary more effectively and relevantly.You will need:The General Service List. The GSL is a list of general and basic vocabulary of English usedin order of frequency. It has been recognized and used quite extensively among second lan-guage learners of English for work and study. It was first created by West in 1953. Theversion used was then adapted by Baumann and Culligan in 1995. It contains almost 2,300words. The GSL here is divided into smaller sublists. Sublist 1 has the first 500 words. Sublist2 the next 500 words etc. For the complete word lists, refer to:/~alzsh3/acvocab/wordlists.htmSubject-related Word List. This is a list of words which is specific to your discipline ofstudies, for example, finance, accounting, education and others. The index at the back of yourtextbook is generally the best guide to the terms, concepts that are widely used in the subject.The index is a valuable guide to understanding the key concepts and terms used in a subject.So make good use of the book index. You may also want to consult this site for some additionalhelp and ideas. /vocab/select/selframs.htmThe Academic World List. The AWL is first developed by and compiled by Averil CoxheadVictoria University of Wellingtown, New Zealand. The AWL contains 10 sublists that include570 word families which appeared most frequently in academic texts. There are 60 words ineach sublist 1-9, and 30 in Sublist 10. Sublist one consists of the 60 mostly frequently ap-peared words in the academic texts and sublist two consists of the next 60 word families andso on.The academic corpus contained approximately3,500,000 active vocabulary taken from avariety of texts used and read across the faculties, spanning over more than 25 subject areas.The complete Academic Word list of 570 root words and their word families can beconveniently found in /vocab/select/awl.htm with a quick link to theirthe dictionary meanings. A note to mention is that the list here is arranged in alphabeticalorder and NOT by sublists. Nevertheless, this is a great site to learn the meanings of the AWLwords.Is there any shortcut in learning the AWL??There are gap-filling exercises that you could do to learn the academic words in their proper contexts and understanding. Besides learning the root word, learn the word families and how they could be correctly used in sentences e.g. the word “access” can be used as a noun as well as a verb.The word families of …access‟ are:accessed, accesses, accessibility, accessible, accessing, inaccessible.Ensure you have at least 80-85% correct answer in the each exercise of a sublist before you move on to the subsequent level. Start with exercises in sublist 1 and work your level up.Good luck!This website /id17.htm will take you step by step through the exercises.The following is taken from Sublist 6. Ex 1a1. Be sure you _____________ a recent photo to your passport application.2. There has been a noticeable drop in the _____________ of crime in the area since theteen centre opened up.3. If we all _____________, I’m sure we’ll be able to finish on time.4. It can be quite difficult to really define _____________ ideas, such as lover or friendship.5. My wife is quite _____________ because she practices yoga, and she does all theseposes to stretch her muscles.6. A group of volunteers _____________ to the needs of the victims of the tornado.7. I _____________ she was talking to me because she was looking right at me when shesaid it.8. The boss _____________ him to send the report out as soon as it was complete.9. Reading in English is an excellent way to _____________ your vocabulary.10. We made a _____________ of our baby’s first sounds to send to my parents.Words to choose from:tape abstract flexible incidence presumedcooperate attach instructed enhanced ministeredThe Academic Word Lists (AWL)Sublist 1 of the Academic Word List - Most Frequent Words in FamiliesThis sublist contains the most frequent words of the Academic Word List in the Academic Corpus.Sublist 2 of Academic Word List - Most Frequent Words in FamiliesThis sublist contains the second most frequent words in the Academic Word List from the Academic Corpus.Sublist 3 of Academic Word List - Most Frequent Words in FamiliesThis sublist contains the third most frequent words of the Academic Word List in the Academic Corpus.Sublist 4 of Academic Word List - Most Frequent Words in FamiliesThis sublist contains the fourth most frequent words of the Academic Word List in the Academic Corpus.Sublist 5 of Academic Word List - Most Frequent Words in FamiliesThis sublist contains the fourth most frequent words of the Academic Word List in the Academic Corpus.Sublist 6 of Academic Word List - Most Frequent Words in FamiliesThis sublist contains the fourth most frequent words of the Academic Word List in the Academic Corpus.Sublist 7 of Academic Word List - Most Frequent Words in FamiliesThis sublist contains the seventh most frequent words of the Academic Word List in the Academic Corpus.Sublist 8 of Academic Word List - Most Frequent Words in FamiliesThis sublist contains the eighth most frequent words of the Academic Word List in the Academic Corpus.Sublist 9 of Academic Word List - Most Frequent Words in FamiliesThis sublist contains the nighth most frequent words of the Academic Word List in the Academic Corpus.Sublist 10 of the Academic Word List - Most Frequent Words in FamiliesThis sublist contains the least frequent words of the Academic Word List in the Academic Corpus.References:Vocabulary Exercises for the Academic Word List: /vocab/vocfram.htmUniversity of Nottingham, Academic Vocabulary/~alzsh3/acvocab/index.htm Using English for Academic purposesPrepared by Study Skills Support Unit, Dean of Students. With proper acknowledgement, materials can be adapted and distributed for educational purposes.。