程控电源外文翻译
【翻译必备】电厂相关词汇中英翻译
电厂相关词汇中英翻译6KV 公用配电屏6kv station board6KV配电屏6kv unit boardZ型拉筋zig-zag rod安培A: ampere氨ammonia按钮push button按钮pushbutton按钮触点push contact按时间顺序的chronological半导体semiconductor半径的、辐射状的radial饱和水saturated water保护和跳闸protection and trip报警器annunciator备用back-up备用provision备用reserve比特、位bit闭环closed loop避雷器surge diverter变电站substation变送器converter变送器transmitter变压器transformer并网synchronization并行接口parallel interface波特率baud rate不导电的、绝缘的dielectric不断电电源Uninterruptible power supply(UPS)不连续的discrete采样器pick-ups操作机构mechanism操作台the front pedestal侧墙side wall测试仪表instrument叉型叶根multifork root长久的permanent长期停机prolong outage厂环plant-loop厂用变unit transformer超导体superconductor超高压EHV :extra-high voltage成组的、成批的batch持续时间duration尺寸dimension充电器charger冲动式汽轮机impulse turbine冲击耐受电压impulse withstand voltage除盐水demineralized water除氧器deaeratorD.A传送、运输transport串（行接）口serial interface串行存取serial access吹灰器sootblower吹扫blow/purge垂直的Vertical磁场作用the action of a magnetic field磁导率permeability次烟煤subbituminous枞树形叶根fir-tree root错误检验和恢复error checking and recovery 错误指示器error detector大规模集成电路large scale integrate circuit 大修overhaul单向流动single-flow氮nitrogen导纳conductance导体conductor导叶Vane低压厂用变sub-distribution transformer低压缸low pressure cylinder/casing(LP)点火light/ignite点火器igniter电厂power plant电磁Solenoid电导率conductibility电动操纵的motor-operated电动机控制中心MMC: motor control center 电动机启动装置motor starter电动液压的electro-hydraulic电感电流inductive current电抗reactance电缆cable电流互感器CT :current transformer电气设备electrical equipment/apparatus电容capacitance电容电流capacitive current电容器capacitor电枢armature电网grid电网network电涡流式检测器eddy current proximity detector 电压互感器PT: potential /voltage transformer电压转换器electric pressure converter电压自由触点volt free contact电源power supplies电站（水）power station电阻resistance吊耳lug调节、调制Modulation调速器governor调制解调modulation-demodulation顶点apex顶棚管roof tube定位orientation定子stator定子机座stator frame动稳定dynamic stability动叶片moving blades/ blading独立存在的autonomous独立的free standing端子、接线柱instrument terminal端子箱、出线盒terminal box断路器circuit breaker锻造casting对称度symmetry对流烟道convection pass多功能处理器Multi Function Process(MFP)多项式order polynomial额定负荷ECR:economic continuous rating二极管diode二进制单元binary cell二进制的binary二进制计数器binary counter发电机generator发光二极管LED反动式汽轮机reaction turbine反馈feed back反相显示reverse video沸腾boil分辨率resolution分层（级）的hierarchical分隔墙division wall分接头tap分接头绕组tapping winding分散控制系统distribute control system(DCS) 分析基air dry分压器diverter粉状燃料ground coal /pulverized fuel风道duct风箱wind box伏特V: volt符号字符character幅度amplitude辅助的auxiliary负压燃烧suction firing附属部分annex复制的、备用的duplicate副励磁机pilot exciter改造alteration干式电缆dry -core cable干燥基dry感抗inductance感应的inductive高级的、先进的sophisticated高压缸high pressure cylinder/casing(HP)隔板diaphragm隔间bay隔离开关disconnecter给煤机coal feeder给煤机转速信号feeder speed跟随shadow工程单位engineering unit工业分析proximate analysis工业锅炉industrial boiler公差tolerance公用锅炉utility boiler公用系统common service system鼓风机forced draft fan固定碳fixed carbon关合电流making current管板tube sheet管道pipe管排tube bundle管形的tubular管子tube管座tube seat光电photo-electric光洁度finish硅silicon锅炉boiler/steam generator锅炉自动控制Automatic Boiler Controls 过程处理单元Process Control Unit (PCU) 过冷水subcooled water过量空气excess air过热器superheater毫伏millivolt褐煤brown coal/lignite横向的transverse后端、末端rear end户内的indoor滑环Slipping化石燃料fossil fuel还原气氛reducing condition/atmosphere 环状的annular灰分ash挥发分volatile机柜cubical机座frame级间漏汽interstage leakage集控室central control room (CCR)记录、日志log架空的overhead架空输电线overhead transmission line间隙clearance兼容性、相容性compatibility监测monitoring监督管理supervise监控方式monitor mode监控器monitor/monitor unit减温器Attemperator检验calibration交流电alternating current接口interface节点node截止阀stop/emergency valve紧急的应力emergency stress经由Via静叶片stationary blades/ blading绝缘galvanic isolation绝缘子insulator开断interruption开断电流breaking current开关switcher开关柜switch cabinet开关柜Switchgear开关组switch block开环open loop开环open-cycle可编程逻辑控制器programmable logic controller(PLC)可编程只读存储器programmable read only memory(PROM) 可靠性reliability可燃基dry and ash free可视通讯visual communication空气断路器air circuit breaker空气绝缘的air-insulated空气预热器air preheater控制按钮control button(knob)控制精度control accuracy控制屏the operations panel控制器controller控制室the control room控制台control console(desk)控制线圈search coil控制仪表系统control and instrumentation(C&I)控制作用control action浪涌surge冷端补偿cold junction compensation励磁excite励磁机exciter例外报告exception report联氨hydrazine联锁interlock联锁触点interlocking contact联锁开关系统interlocking switch system联锁信号interlocking signal联箱header联轴器coupling裂纹crack/cracking临界压力critical pressure令牌token流量flow rate流量计flow meter硫sulfur/sulphur六氟化硫sulphur hexa fluoride露点the dew point temperature炉膛furnace螺钉screw毛胚blank毛胚roll媒介、介质medium煤coal煤粉燃烧器PF burner/pulverized fuel burner 密度热电阻density RTD灭弧quench模块workhouse模拟量analogue模拟图Mimic模拟子模块ASM模数转换Analogue to Digital conversion膜式壁membrane panel/wall磨煤机pulverizer/mill母线busbar/bus内部的internally内缸inner casing能共存的、兼容的compatible能量管接头energy stud/stub凝结condensate欧姆ohm排污管blowdown pipe盘车装置turning gear配电distribution配电盘、屏、板panel膨胀expansion疲劳、软化fatigue偏心度eccentricity平方根square root平面plane平直度alignment齐纳二极管Zener diode启备变start up/standby transformer /启动start up启动控制阀pneumatic pilot valve气态gaseous汽包steam drum汽封片gland segment/packing汽缸cylinder汽机监视仪表turbine supervisory instrument(TIS) 汽轮机turbine汽泡户外的bubble outdoor汽水混合物steam-water -mixture千伏kilo-volt前后墙front/rear wall /强迫循环forced/pumped circulation切除、切断、脱扣trip氢hydrogen求出的数量evaluate全功能组件complete functional set全貌、总的看法overview燃料烟道fuel /flue /燃烧器burner扰动intervetion/disturbing/bump绕组winding热电厂thermal power plant热电偶thermocouple热电偶thermocouple热工仪表thermodynamic instrumentation热量加热heat /热效率thermal efficiency热应力分析thermal stress analysis容量capacity熔断blow熔断器fuse冗余测试redundancy testing冗余的redundancy冗余位redundancy bit蠕变creep散热片cooling fin上半部the top half蛇形管serpentine tube设备、工具facility省煤器economizer湿蒸汽wet-steam十二进制duodecimal十进制的decimal十六进制hexadecimal石油oil使分流shunt使完整integration视频visual frequency视像扫描器visual scanner试运行Commission试运行commissioning operation疏水Drain疏水管drain pipe树脂浇注变压器cast resin transformer 数字显示digit display数字信号digit signal双层缸结构double shell structure双列端子排two-tier terminals双向流动double-flow双重的固态dual solid水water水电站hydraulic power plant水分moisture水冷壁furnace tube水平的horizontal水平接合面the horizontal joint水位water level水位计gauge glass水压实验hydrostatic test水蒸气steam/water vapor酸洗acid cleaning算法algorithms榫头tenon探针probe碳carbon天然气natural gas条形bar条形图bargraph铁素体mill铁芯core停机shut down停运outage通道、信道channel同类的peer推力轴承thrust bearing瓦特W: watt外缸outer casing网络接口子模块INNIS微型调速器microgovernor围带shroud/shrouding温度temperature文件缓冲器archive buffer稳定性stabilization稳态steady-state无烟煤anthracite物品、元件item误差率error rate误动作malfunction熄灭、灭火extinction铣制forging系统scheme: system下半部the bottom half线圈coil线性差动变压器linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) 线性化linearization相变phase change相互interconnection相互隔离isolate相同的Uniform :the same消耗consumption销钉dowel协调的harmonious协调控制系统coordination control system(CCS)信号调节signal conditioning星型palm terminal星型连接connected in star形凹槽notch V压力pressure压力表pressure meter烟道flue烟煤bituminous烟气flue gas烟气热风器gas air header氧oxygen氧化气氛oxidized condition/atmosphere叶顶tip叶根root叶轮impeller/wheel/disk液态liquid一氧化碳monoxide一组suite仪表量程instrument range仪表灵敏度instrument sensitivity仪表校正instrument correction仪器盘instrument board仪器仪表板facia/fascia引风机induced draft fan应用基as received永久磁铁permanent magnet油浸式电缆oiled-cable油枕expansion tank有载调压的load tap-changing元素分析ultimate analysis原煤斗coal bunker圆形的circular圆柱形的cylindrical圆锥形的conical运行操作operation /运行工况operation condition再热器reheater兆伏安MV A: mega volt-ampere真空断路器vacuum contactor振动Vibration蒸发evaporate蒸汽热风器steam air header整流rectify正压燃烧pressure firing支持轴承journal bearing执行机构actuator直观显示元件visual display unit (VDU)直观显示终端visual (inquiry)display terminal 直流电阻D.C. resistance质量quality中心度、同心度concentricity中心线centerline中性点neutral point中压缸intermediate pressure cylinder/casing(IP) 终端、端子terminal终端设备terminal device重力gravity周围的circumferential轴shaft轴承座bearing house轴承座pedestal轴承座pedestal轴环collar轴瓦bearing pad轴向的axial主变generator transformer主要辅机major pant item主蒸汽live steam煮炉Boil out铸造governing valve转存dump转换开关inverter转接器、接头、adapter转子Rotor转子rotor锥体cone锥体pyramid子模块slave module子系统sub system自动控制系统automatic control system 自然循环natural/thermal circulation总线接口模块bus interface module(BIM) 纵向的longitudinal阻波器trap组态configure最新发展水平的state-of the-art最优控制optimum control。
程控直流电源说明书
2
0
安全指导
◇ 可靠性高 具有短路保护、过载保护、过热保护、过压保护、过流保护和独立的温度检测保
护电路。 采用先进的静噪技术,创造安静舒适的工作环境 ◇ 远端测量
远端测量功能可用于补偿输出端子到负载之间的电压降。 ◇ OVP 过电压保护
directcurrentpowersupply直流电源2性能指标型号dlc600020500输入电压范围220v20频率4763hz输出电压020v输出电流0500a负载调整率08满载纹波有效值08高频噪声1负载响应时间1ms数字电压表4位led显示分辨率01v数字电流表4位led显示分辨率01a环境温度550相对湿度9025防护等级ip20大气压力80106kpc海拔2000m以下过电压保护设定输出过压设定值时模块能自动保护并告警
1.2 主要技术特点
◇ 符合中国国家军用标准
GJB572-88《飞机地面电源供电特性及一般要求》的要求 ◇ 符合民用航空行业标准
MH/T 6018-1999《地面静态电源》的要求 ◇ 符合中国国家军用标准
GJB 181A-2003《飞机供电特性》的要求 ◇ 规格多
输出电压0～600V、输出电流0～2000A 、输出功率0-60KW（单机）之内任选。 ◇ 稳压稳流
DLC6000 系列 程控直流稳压稳流电源
用户手册
上海至茂电子科技有限公司
首先，感谢您采用至茂 DLC6000 系列直流电源。
DLC系列大功率稳压稳流直流电源采用国际先进的软开关逆变技术，以德国西 门子IGBT和非晶磁芯为核心器件研制而成，本电源提供了高度稳定的输出电压及电 流，并且提供了极大的便利性，以利于各种的运行模式。本电源提供了可安装于19 寸机柜或桌面机型。本产品配置了10圈精密电位器，用于电压及电流的调整。同时 也提供了数字电压，电流表，使用者可以在设定值，实际值或OVP过电压保护值中 切换。它具有有超高的准确性、高精确度、高稳定性等优良电子特性；所以在研究 单位、在实验室，作为可调电源或是生产线上作为产品寿命测试的固定电源。它确 实是最好的选择。再则它更具有完善的保护线路、与遥控线路；更能满足使用者简 单、方便的使用需求。
数控开关电源外文翻译
power supply cookbookMarty Brown1．The Role of the Power Supply within the System and Design ProgramThe power supply assumes a very unique role within a typical system. In many respects, it is the mother of the system. It gives the system life by providing consistent and repeatable power to its circuits. It defends the system against the harsh world outside the confines of the enclosure and protects its wards by not letting them do harm to themselves. If the supply experiences a failure within itself, it must fail gracefully and not allow the failure to reach the system.Alas, mothers are taken for granted, and their important functions are not appreciated. The power system is routinely left until late in the design program for two main reasons. First, nobody wants to touch it because everybody wants to design more exciting circuits and rarely do engineers have a background in power systems. Secondly, bench supplies provide all the necessary power during the system debugging stage and it is not until the product is at the integration stage that one says “Oops, we forgot to design the power supply!” All too frequently,the designer assigned to the power supply has very little experience in power supply design and has very little time to learn before the product is scheduled to enter production.This type of situation can lead to the “millstone effect” which in simple terms means “You designed it, you fix it ( forever).” No wonder no one wants to touch it and, when asked, disavows any knowledge of having ever designed a power supply.1.1 Getting Started. This Journey Starts with the First QuestionIn order to produce a good design, many questions must be asked prior to the beginning of the design process. The earlier they are asked the better off you are. These questions also avoid many problems later in the design program due to lack of communication and forethought. The basic questions to be asked include the following.From the marketing department1. From what power source must the system draw its power? There are different design approaches for each power system and one can also get information as to what adverse operating conditions are experienced for each.2. What safety and radio frequency interference and electromagnetic interference (RFI/EMI) regulations must the system meet to be able to be sold into the target market? This would affect not only the electrical design but also the physical design.3. What is the maintenance philosophy of the system? This dictates what sort of protection schemes and physical design would match the application.4. What are the environmental conditions in which the product must operate? These are temperature range, ambient RF levels, dust, dirt, shock, vibration, and any other physical considerations.5. What type of graceful degradation of product performance is desired when portions of the product fail? This would determine the type of power busing scheme and power sequencing that may be necessary within the system.From the designers of the other areas of the product1. What are the technologies of the integrated circuits that are being used within the design of the system? One cannot protect something, if one doesn’t know how it breaks.2. What are the “best guess” maximum and minimum limits o f the load current and are there any intermittent characteristics in its current demand such as those presented by motors, video monitors, pulsed loads, and so forth? Always add 50 percent more to what is told to you since these estimates always turn out to be low. Also what are the maximum excursions in supply voltage that the designer feels that the circuit can withstand. This dictates the design approaches of the cross-regulation of the outputs, and feedback compensation in order to provide the needs of the loads.3. Are there any circuits that are particularly noise-sensitive? These includeanalog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converters, video monitors, etc. This may dictate that the supply has additional filtering or may need to be synchronized to the sensitive circuit.4. Are there any special requirements of power sequencing that are necessary foreach respective circuit to operate reliably?5. How much physical space and what shape is allocated for the power supply within the enclosure? It is always too small, so start negotiating for your fair share.6. Are there any special interfaces required of the power supply? This would be any power-down interrupts, etc., that may be required by any of the product’s circuits.This inquisitiveness also sets the stage for the beginning of the design by defining the environment in which the power supply must operate. This then forms the basis of the design specification of the power supply.1.2 Power System OrganizationThe organization of the power system within the final product should complement the product philosophy. The goal of the power system is to distribute power effectively to each section of the entire product and to do it in a fashion that meets the needs of each subsection within the product. To accomplish this, one or more power system organization can be used within the product.For products that are composed of one functional “module” that is inseparable during the product’s life, such as a cellular telephone, CRT monitor, RF receiver, etc., an integrated power system is the traditional system organization. Here, the product has one main power supply which is completely self-contained and outputs directly to the product’s circuits. An integrated power system may actually have more than one power supply within it if one of the load circuits has power demand or sequencing requirements which cannot be accommodated by the main power supply without compromising its operation.For those products that have many diverse modules that can be reconfigured over the life of the product, such as PCB card cage systems and cellular telephone ground stations, etc., then the distributed power system is more appropriate. This type of system typically has one main “bulk” power supply that provides power to a bus which is distributed throughout the entire product. The power needs of any one module within the system are provided by smaller, board-level regulators. Here, voltage drops experienced across connectors and wiring within the system do not bother the circuits.The integrated power system is inherently more efficient (less losses). The distributed system has two or more power supplies in series, where the overall power system efficiency is the product of the efficiencies of the two power supplies. So, for example, two 80 percent efficient power supplies in series produces an overall system efficiency of 64 percent.The typical power system can usually end up being a combination of the two systems and can use switching and linear power supplies.The engineer’s motto to life is “Life is a tradeoff” and it comes into play here. It is impossible to design a power supply system that meets all the requirements that are initially set out by the other engineers and management and keep it within cost, space, and weight limits. The typical initial requirement of a power supply is to provide infinitely adaptable functions, deliver kilowatts within zero space, and cost no money. Obviously, some compromise is in order.1.3 Selecting the Appropriate Power Supply TechnologyOnce the power supply system organization has been established, the designer then needs to select the technology of each of the power supplies within the system. At the early stage of the design program, this process may be iterative between reorganizing the system and the choice of power supply technologies. The important issues that influence this stage of the design are:1. Cost.2. Weight and space.3. How much heat can be generated within the product.4. The input power source(s).5. The noise tolerance of the load circuits.6. Battery life (if the product is to be portable).7. The number of output voltages required and their particular characteristics.8. The time to market the product.The three major power supply technologies that can be considered within a power supply system are:1. Linear regulators.2. Pulsewidth modulated (PWM) switching power supplies.3. High efficiency resonant technology switching power supplies.Each of these technologies excels in one or more of the system considerations mentioned above and must be weighed against the other considerations to determine the optimum mixture of technologies that meet the needs of the final product. The power supply industry has chosen to utilize each of the technologies within certain areas of product applications as detailed in the following.LinearLinear regulators are used predominantly in ground-based equipments where the generation of heat and low efficiency are not of major concern and also where low cost and a short design period are desired. They are very popular as boardlevel regulators in distributed power systems where the distributed voltage is less than 40VDC. For off-line (plug into the wall) products, a power supply stage ahead of the linear regulator must be provided for safety in order to produce dielectric isolation from the ac power line. Linear regulators can only produce output voltages lower than their input voltages and each linear regulator can produce only one output voltage. Each linear regulator has an average efficiency of between 35 and 50 percent. The losses are dissipated as heat.PWM switching power suppliesPWM switching power supplies are much more efficient and flexible in their use than linear regulators. One commonly finds them used within portable products, aircraft and automotive products, small instruments, off-line applications, and generally those applications where high efficiency and multiple output voltages are required. Their weight is much less than that of linear regulators since they require less heatsinking for the same output ratings. They do, however, cost more to produce and require more engineering development time.High efficiency resonant technology switching power supplies This variation on the basic PWM switching power supply finds its place in applications where still lighter weight and smaller size are desired, and most importantly, where a reduced amount of radiated noise (interference) is desired. The common products where these power supplies are utilized are aircraft avionics,spacecraft electronics, and lightweight portable equipment and modules. The drawbacks are that this power supply technology requires the greatest amount of engineering design time and usually costs more than the other two technologies.The trends within the industry are away from linear regulators (except for board-level regulators) towards PWM switching power supplies. Resonant and quasi-resonant switching power supplies are emerging slowly as the technology matures and their designs are made easier. To help in the selection, Table 1–1 summarizes some of the trade-offs made during the selection process.1电源在系统中的作用和电源的设计过程电源在一个典型系统中担任着一个非常重要的角色。
电力行业——专业术语英文对照表
电力行业——专业术语英文对照表一．电气名词Electric items交（直）流Alternating (direct) current短路电流Short-circuit current起始次暂态短路电流Initial subtransient short-circuit current 冲击电流Impulse current稳态短路电流Steady state short-circuit current临界电流Critical current切断电流Rupturing current熔断电流Blow-out current故障电流Fault current计算电流Calculating current极限有限电流Limit effective current过电流Over current逆电流Inverse current整定电流Setting current额定电流Rated current电流密度Current density短路电流最大有效值Maximum effective value of short-circuit current高压High-voltage , High-tension低压Low-voltage , Low-tension计算电压Calculating voltage激磁电压Exciting voltage冲击电压Impulse voltage临界电压Critical voltage残留电压Residual voltage击穿电压Puncture voltage脉动电压Pulsating voltage供电电压Supply voltage电力电压Power voltage照明电压Lighting voltage灯丝电压Filament voltage额定电压Rated voltage电压损失Voltage loss过(欠)电压Over (under) voltage线路电压Line voltage电压降Voltage drop工作电压Working voltage一次电压Primary voltage二次电压Secondary voltage电源Electric source (power supply)自控电压Power supply for process control6kV 控制闪光电源Flashing supply for 6kV control 工作电源Working power supply (electric source) 保安电源Emergency power supply (electric source) 直流稳压电源Stabilized D.C. source控制电源Control supply直流电源D.C. source交流电源A.C. source负荷计算Load calculation设备容量Installed capacity需要容量Electric demand功率因数Power factor安装高度Mounting height耐电压Breakdown voltage工频耐压High-voltage test with working frequency 表面闪络Surface flash-over直流泄漏D.C. leakage体电阻率Volume resistivity介质损失角Dielectric loss angle击穿强度Puncture intensity电压等级Voltage grade比重Specific gravity性能Feature相序Phase sequence瞬时Instantaneous倾角Angle of inclination跨度Span正极Positive pole负极Negative pole截面(积) Cross section area辅助电源Auxiliary source遮断容量Interrupting capacity载流量Current-carrying capacity校正系数Correction factor连续负荷Continuous load长期载流量Continuous capacity长时间额定值Longtime rating电动机堵转电流Locked-rotor motor current限定负荷Limited load电感负荷Inductive load感应电流Induced current二．线路（母线、回路）Lines (Bus , circuits)母线Bus-bar合闸电源母线Closing power source bus闪光母线Flashing-bus备用母线Spare bus装在支柱上的插接式母线Post-supported plug-in bus way装在吊钩上的插接式母线Hook-supported plug-in bus way装在支架上的插接式母线Bracket-supported plug-in bus way 小母线Miniature bus电源小母线Power supply miniature bus操作小母线Operating miniature bus事故信号小母线Miniature bus for fault signal闪光小母线Flashing miniature bus主母线Main bus直流主母线D.C. main bus预告母线Prewarning bus干线Main line照明干线Lighting main line接地干线Grounding main line插座干线Receptacle main line电压干线Voltage main line端子出线Terminal outgoing中性线Neutral支线Branch-line引入线Lead-in电气线路Electric circuit交流配电线路A.C. distribution circuit直流配电线路D.C. distribution circuit事故照明线路Emergency lighting circuit控制线路Control circuit接地或接零线路Grounding or neutralizing circuit信号线路Signal circuit有接地极的接地线路网Grounding with grounding electrodes 定子绕组测温回路Temperature measuring circuit for stator winding接地信号回路Grounding signal circuit闪光信号回路Flashing-signal circuit开阀回路Circuit for opening valve关（闭）阀回路Circuit for closing valve开度计回路Circuit for opening meter电流测量回路Current-measuring circuit差动保护回路Differental protective circuit过流保护回路Over-current protective circuit合闸回路Closing circuit停车延时回路Delayed shutdown circuit掉闸回路Trip circuit激磁回路Exciting circuit备用回路Spare circuit主回路Main circuit馈路Feeder circuit现有回路Existing circuit单线回路Single-wire circuit接地回路Earthed circuit有电压的电路Live circuit三．设备Equipments高压开关柜H.V. switchgear动力配电箱Power distribution cabinet电源配电箱Source distribution cabinet直流配电屏D.C. switchboard (distribution panel)交流低压配电屏A.C.L.V. switchboard (distribution panel)静电电容器柜Static capacitor cabinet多种电源插销箱Receptacle box for miscellaneous power supplies控制箱Control cabinet照明配电箱Lighting (distribution panel)连接箱Junction box出线盒Outlet box开关箱Switch box控制台Console分段屏Sectionalizing panel进线屏Incoming line panel电控箱Electric control panel边屏Side board端子箱T erminal box供电盘Power supply box瓶车箱Synchronizing cabinet感应调压器专用变压器高压柜Special transformer H.V. cabinet for inductionvoltage regulator电压互感器柜Potential transformer cabinet信号屏Signal panel浮充屏Floating panel蓄电池屏Battery panel充电屏Charging panel母线联络柜Bus tie cabinet转换开关Transfer switch电压表转换开关Voltmeter change-over switch铁壳开关Metal-clad switch (Iron-clad switch)管式熔断器Cartridge fuse真空断路器Vacuum circuit breaker (V.C.B.)自动开关Automatic switch高压负荷开关H.V. load break switch三极高压断路器3-pole HV circuit-breaker刀开关Knife switch转换开关Transfer switch双极铁壳开关2-pole iron-clad switch风扇变速开关Fan speed regulator switch密闭照明灯开关Hermetic lighting switch防爆照明灯开关Explosion-proof lighting switch行程开关Limit switch高压隔离开关H.V. disconnecting switch明装单极板钮开关Surface-mounted single-pole toggle switch 暗装单极板钮开关Flush-mounted single-pole toggle switch 三路开关Three-way switch气密式组合开关Hermetic packet type switch防护式开关Guard type switch联锁开关Interlock switch操作方式选择开关Selecting switch for types of operation控制电源开关Switch for control supply主令开关Master switch (controller)多切点切换开关Multi-point change-over switch按钮Push-button控制按钮Control push-button防爆控制按钮Explosion-proof control push-button事故紧急按钮Emergency stopping push-button起动按钮Starting push-button停止按钮Stopping push-button现场按钮Push-button in field挡板damper音响解除按钮Push-button for sound release起动器Starter磁力起动器Magnetic starter综合起动器Combination starter (Magnetic starter combination)电力变压器Power transformer调压变压器Voltage regulating transformer电压互感器Potential transformer电流互感器Current transformer照明变压器Lighting transformer三相三绕组变压器3-phase tertiary winding transformer高压试验变压器H.V. testing transformer局部照明变压器Local lighting transformer多量程仪用电流互感器Multi-range current transformer for measurement降压变压器Step-down transformer伺服电动机Servo-motor双电压电动机Dual-voltage motor感应电动机Induction motor交流异步电动机A.C. asynchronous motor同步电动机synchronous motor三相滑环感应电动机3-phase slip-ring induction motor三相鼠笼感应电动机3-phase squirrel-cage induction motor 绕线式电动机Wound-rotor induction motor反应式电动机Reaction motor柴油发电机Diesel generator励磁发电机Excitation generator明装双极插座Surface-mounted 2-pole receptacle暗装双极插座Flush-mounted 2-pole receptacle双极带接地插座2-pole receptacle with grounding contact单相三孔明插座Surface-mounted single phase 3-pole receptacle防护式明装三相四孔插座Guard type surface-mounted 3-phase 4-pole receptacle配照型灯Standard dome lighting fitting搪瓷深照型灯Enameled high bay lighting fitting防水防尘灯Water and dust proof lighting fitting安全灯Safety lighting fitting隔爆灯Explosion-proof lighting fitting弯灯Goose-neck light壁灯Wall light高压水银灯High pressure mercury vapor lighting fitting 投光灯Flood-light (projection light)信号灯Signal lamp天棚灯Ceiling-mounted lighting fitting局部照明灯Local lighting fitting灯座Lamp holder事故照明灯Emergency lighting fitting高压水银荧光灯H.P. mercury fluorescent lighting fitting 广照型工厂灯Wide lit type industrial fitting深照型灯具High bay lighting fitting白炽灯具Incandescent lamp (bulb)圆球型灯Globe lamp嵌入式荧光灯flush type fluorescent lighting fitting红色障碍灯Red obstruction lamp for aviation厂区道路照明灯Street lighting in plant area路灯Street lamp视孔灯Inspection hole lamp立杆弯灯goose-neck post lamp , pole lamp模拟报警信号Semigraph and alarm signal自整角机Selsyn励磁机Exciter显示器Display电位器Potentiometer内电阻Internal resistance固定电阻（器） Fixed resistance脱扣Release , trip分励Shunt trip特殊失压脱扣器Special no-voltage release“或”开关放大器“Or” switch amplifier制动器Brake电容Capacitor整流器Rectifier镇流器Chock分流器Shunt油变阻器Oil immersed rheostat频敏电阻器Frequency sensitive rheostat滑线变阻器Sliding rheostat蜂鸣器Buzzer电机加热器Space heater (for motor)空气断路器电机操作机构Motor operating mechanism for air circuit-breaker可控硅励磁装置Silicon controlled rectifier excitation device 保护装置Protective device (element)闪光装置Flashing device接闪装置（避雷器） Lightning arrester断相保护Phase failure protection四．保护、继电器Protection , relays信号继电器Signal relay过电流继电器Over-current relay电压继电器Voltage relay时间继电器Time relay中间继电器Auxiliary relay热继电器Thermal relay温度继电器T emperature relay瓦斯继电器Gas relay控制电源中间继电器Auxiliary relay for control supply自动操作继电器Relay for auto-operation低电压继电器Under-voltage relay过电压继电器Over-voltage relay联锁继电器Interlock relay冲击继电器Impact relay合闸位置继电器Close position relay逆流继电器Reverse-current relay差流继电器Differential current relay差动继电器Differential relay电流继电器Current relay功率继电器Power relay接地继电器Earthing relay重合闸继电器Reclosing relay同步继电器Synchronous relay速动继电器Quick acting relay定时限继电器Definite time relay光电继电器Photoelectric relay电子继电器Electronic relay电磁式继电器Electromagnetic relay电动式继电器Electrodynamic relay气压继电器Gas-pressure relay继电器常开触点Relay N.O. contact继电器常闭触点Relay N.C. contact继电器保护触点（常开） Relay holding contact (N.O.)能自动返回的常闭按钮触点Self-return button with N.C. contact模拟信号触点Contact for semigraph signal强励磁接点Shock excitation contact电感线圈Induction coil电流线圈Current coil脱扣线圈Trip coil合闸线圈Close coil释放线圈Releasing coil掉闸线圈Tripping coil予告信号Prewarning signal掉闸回路断线信号Breakage signal of trip circuit断路器事故掉闸信号Fault trip signal of breaker掉闸音响信号Tripping audible signal重瓦斯预告信号Heavy gas prewarning signal温度预告信号Temperature prewarning signal手动、自动操作时事故信号Fault signal in manual/automatic operation保护掉闸Protective trip控制掉闸Control trip手动跳闸Manual trip变电所紧急停车Emergency shutdown at substation工艺故障Fault in process励磁故障Fault in excitation工作电源失电报警No-voltage alarm of working electric source工作电源分合闸On and off of working electric source工作电源投入Throw-in of working electric source保安电源送电supply of emergency electric source运转指示Indicating of operation投入指示Indicating of throw-in同步指示Indicating of synchronism延时停车Delayed shutdown电源切除Switch off the power supply速断及过流断通Instantaneous trip and over-current off/on自保持Self-holding自锁Self-lock联锁Interlocking绝缘监视Insulation supervision电压监视Voltage supervision联锁解除Release of interlock工作、保安电源切换Transfer of working and emergency power supply发电机与工作母线并车Synchronization of generator to working bus重瓦斯保护Heavy gas protection开或闭超扭矩保护Over-torque protection during opening and closing valve电机起动顺序Sequence of motor starting铭牌框注字Name plate denotation (inscription)五．电气仪表Electric instruments电流表Ammeter电压表Voltmeter三相三线有功电度表Three-phase three-wire kilowatt-hour meter , kWh meter单相电度表Single-phase kilowatt-hour meter三相无功电度表Three-phase kilovar-hour meter有功功率表Active power meter , kilowatt meter无功功率表Reactive power meter , kilovar meter三相瓦特表(功率表) Three-phase watt meter功率因数表Power factor meter频率表Frequency meter验电流器Galvanoscope欧姆表Ohmmeter相位表Phase meter转速表Tachometer波长表Wave-length meter三相四线制标准电度表3-phase 4-wire standard watthour-meter过载电流表Overload ammeter低功率因数瓦特表Low power-factor wattmeter交直流两用钳型电流表A.C./D.C. multi-purpose tongtester兆欧表Megger , Megohmmeter万用表Avometer微安表Microammeter毫安表Milliammeter各种测量仪表Various kind of measuring instruments接地电阻测量仪Earthing resistance tester真空管电压表Vacuum tube voltmeter电动秒表Electric second-meter六．防雷Lightning protection避雷装置Lightning protector避雷针Lightning rod避雷带Strap type lightning protector避雷网Network of lightning protector避雷针支架Lightning rod support避雷针尖Tip of lightning rod避雷针拉铁Brace for lightning rod避雷器Lightning arrester , surge discharger球型避雷器Spherical arrester管形避雷器Tubular arrester阀形避雷器Auto-valve arrester低压避雷器Low voltage arrester角形避雷器Horn arrester多隙避雷器Multigap arrester铝避雷器Aluminum cell arrester氧化膜避雷器Oxide film arrester击穿保险器Puncture lightning arrester雷击Lightning stroke直接雷击Direct lightning stroke感应雷击Induction lightning stroke雷电日Thunderbolt days雷电或然率Lightning and thunder probability 触电Electric shock静电感应Electrostatic induction七．接地Grounding , earthing接地保护Ground protection , earth protection 防雷接地Grounding for lightning保护接地Protective earthing人工接地Artificial grounding工作接地Working grounding , working earthing 重复接地Multiple earthing屏蔽接地Screen earthing , shielding ground中性点接地Neutral point grounded接地系统Grounding system , earthing system 接地故障Ground fault , earth fault单相接地Single phase earthing母线接地Bus ground接地装置Grounding device , earthing device引下线Down-lead , down conductor引下线固定Clamping plate of support for fixing 支架夹板Down lead引下线固定支脚Support for fixing down lead接地线Ground connector接地干线Ground(ing) main , (bus)接地网Grounding network , earthing network接地极Earth electrode (pole)接地电阻Earth resistance接地电路Earth (ground) circuit连接条Connecting strip断接卡Connecting clamp八．室、所Room , Substation贮藏室Storage套间Compartment蓄电池室Battery room控制室Control room配电室Distribution room维修间Repair room变电所Substation高压配电室H.V. distribution room休息室Rest room九．电修车间设备Equipments of electric repair砂轮机Emery wheel grinder台钻Bench drilling machine交流电焊机A.C. welding machine移动式空气压缩机Portable air compressor手电钻Electric hand drill单速手摇绕线机Single speed hand winding machine导线钳压器Wire jointing press-clamp油压千斤顶Hydraulic jack电吹尘器Electric dust cleaner存放柜Store chest高压试验变压器H.V. testing transformer泄漏试验变压器Leakage testing set大电流发生器Strong current generator油浸自冷感应调压器Oil-immersed self-cooled inductionvoltage regulator多量程仪用电流互感器Multi-range current transformer for measurement仪用电感互感器Instrumental voltage transformer单相自耦变压器Single-phase auto-transformer三相自耦变压器3-phase auto-transformer硅整流器Silicon rectifier仪表试验台T esting stand for instrument接触器，继电器试验台Relay and contactor testing stand慢扫描示波器Slow scanning oscillograph交流电子稳压器A.C. electronic voltage stabilizer携带式交流电桥Portable A.C. electric bridge接地电阻测量仪Earthing resistance tester电缆故障探伤仪Cable fault detector直流单臂电桥D.C. single-arm electric bridge , Wheatstone bridge十．材料Material绝缘包布Insulating tape填料Filler , packing绝缘膏Insulating compound电缆膏Cable compound防腐油Anti-corrosive oil沥青漆Bituminous varnish绝缘漆Insulating varnish瓷漆Enamel varnish有色金属Non-ferrous metal黑色金属ferrous metal白金属White metal云母Mica环氧树脂Epoxy resin聚氯乙烯Polyvinyl chloride , PVC 蜡Wax滑石粉Talc powder电胶木Bakelite聚丙烯外壳Polyacrylic cover耐油橡胶管Oil-proof rubber tubes 接地铜线Grounding copper wire 垫圈Pad塑料绝缘线Plastics insulated wire 橡套电缆Rubber sheathed cable 中间接头Splice填充剂Filling agent绝缘电线Insulated wire移动软电缆Movable flexible cable 补偿导线Extension wire套管Bushing母线槽Busway悬索Cable suspension滑触线Trolley conductor镀锌煤气管Galvanized gas pipe镀锌角钢Galvanized steel angle镀锌扁钢Galvanized steel strap钢丝绳Steel wire rope电笛Siren电磁阀Electromagnetic valve连接片Connecting link切换片Transfering link端子排T erminal board半导体二极管Semiconductor diode 开度计Opening meter逻辑元件Logical element接线盒Junction box仪表槽板Instrument trunking电缆吊架Cable hanger出线套Outgoing line sleeve十一．图名Drawings , diagrams电气图纸目录Contents of electric drawings电力系统图Electric power system diagram照明系统图Lighting system diagram电力平面布置图Electric power layout plan照明平面布置图Lighting layout plan单线图One line diagram控制箱面部布置图Surface arrangement of control box 背部接线图Back wiring (diagram)外部接线图External (outside) wiring diagram内部接线图Internal (inside) wiring diagram控制原理图Principle control diagram原理图Schematic diagram展开图Developed diagram电气标准图Electric standard drawing电气施工图Electric working drawing复用图Reproducibles (drawing)电缆联系图Cable hook-up diagram转换开关接点图Contact diagram of transfer switch箱侧视图Side view of box正视图Front view , facade背视图Back view剖面图Section参考图Reference drawing电缆敷设图Cable laying diagram箱内框架布置图Arrangement of frames inside the cabinet控制箱台面展开图Surface developed diagram of console出线端子示意图Schematic diagram of terminal outgoing lines 端子接线图Diagram of terminal connections电气管线表List of wire , cable and conduits设备材料表List of equipment and materials十二．表头Tables电力系统图Power system diagram引入线Lead in保护设备Protective device型号Type额定值Rating整定值Setting主启动设备回路Circuit to starting device导线型号、芯数、截面及管径Conductor type , cores , section & diameter of conduit线长Wire length管长Conduit length启动设备Starting device型号规格Type , specification保护元件Protective element计量装置Calculating device用电设备主回路Main circuit of electric equipment控制回路Control circuit控制装置Control device用电设备Electric equipment设备容量Consumer capacity生产设备Production equipment位号No. of location名称Name备注Remarks引入线Feed in配电箱Distribution cabinet型号及编号Type and No.开关型号Switch type保护装置Protective device回路编号Circuit No.相别Phase灯数Number of lamps插座数Number of receptacles电缆编号No. of line起点Starting终点Ending母线截面Section of bus零母线Neutral bus屏编号Panel No.型号及方案号Type and variant No.控制原理图号Principle control diagram工艺位号Process item No.十三．标准图词汇T erms from standard DWG电工系统图图形符号Graphic symbols for electric system交流电的相别A.C. phase sequence直流电的正负极D.C. positive and negative poles有中性点引出线的星形连接的三相绕组Star-connected three phase windings withneutral outlet开口三角形连接的三相绕组3-phase winding with open delta connection互相连接的导线Cross connection of wires不连接的跨越导线Crossing wires not in contact with eachother可拆卸的电气连接Removable connection电缆终端头Pothead of cable or cable end自耦变压器Auto-transformer感应调压器Induction voltage regulator凸极同步电动机Salient pole synchronous motor带接换装置的蓄电池组Accumulator battery with tap-changers 空气断路器Air circuit-breaker保持触点Holding contact热元件Thermal element自动复位的操作开关Spring-return operating switch插接器Plug-in connector电喇叭Horn电炉Electric furnace分流器Shunt可控硅整流箱屏Silicon controlled rectifier box panel直流配电屏D.C. distributing panel磁力起动器组Magnetic starter group自动开关箱Automatic switch box行程开关Limit switch局部灯Local lighting fitting荧光灯列Series fluorescent lighting fitting防护式灯开关Protective switch导线引上Conductors turning up导线引下Conductors turning down导线由上引来Conductors turning from above导线由下引来Conductors turning from below电缆沟Cable trench调压器Voltage regulator隔离变压器Isolating transformer击穿保护器Puncturing safety device晶体管Transisorized diode地坪Grade level电缆与水管平行Cable running parallel to a water supply pipe 电缆与热力管道交叉敷设Cable running across heat pipeline 车道Drive way电缆穿管与管道交叉Cable protective pipe across a pipeline 双(单)侧支架电缆沟Trench with rack on both sides (one side) 室外地坪Outdoor grade跨接线Jumper金属软管Flexible metal tube过渡接头Adapter电气工程及其自动化专业术语翻译transistor 晶体管audion 三极管capacitance 电容Diesel 柴油机AC- motors 交流电机transistorcoupling 联结耦合current carrying capacity 载流能力（最大允许电流）conductivity 传导性in isolation 绝缘lead 导线leakage current 泄漏电流inductance 感应系数loops 线圈macroprocessor 微处理器multimedia show 多媒体展示medium-power distribution 中压配电motor and soft starters 电机及软起动器numerical controls 数控系统optimal 最佳的，最理想的overload relays 过载继电器overshoot 过冲peak current 峰值电流power dissipation 电力分散process automation 过程自动化process instrumentation and analytics 过程仪表及分析仪器punch 穿孔，冲压reactance 电抗recharge 再充regulated power supply 稳压电源resistance 阻抗resistor 电阻器resonate 共振self-inductance 自感应series inductance 串联感应simulation 模拟switching 配电；交流thermal cycle 热循环thickness 厚度voltage regulator 调压器warping 扭曲，变形wiring layout 线路配置图AC-drives 交流变频器asymmetrical 非对称的attenuation 衰减bridged impedance 桥接阻抗cable bridge 电缆桥架charge 电荷circuit schematic diagram 电路原理图解coefficient 系数configuration 构造constant 常量copper sheet 铜片damping 阻尼decomposition 分解decouple 分离delay circuit 延迟电路dielectric sheets 介电原片diode clamping 钳位edge connector 边缘连接器electrical infrastructure 电气基础设施electrical installation 电气安装技术equations set 方程组four-layer 四层hookup 接线图human machine interface 人机界面impedance 阻抗incidence 入射incident wave 入射波incorporated 合成一体的instantaneous 瞬间的interleaved 交叉load admittance 负载导纳lumped 集中的modal 模式的modeling 建模motor management systems 电机管理系统mounting pads 安装垫片noise margins 噪音安全系数proximity effect 邻近效应radian 弧度resistive 有抵抗力的schematic 示意图services & industry solutions 服务和工业解决方案terminator 终结器undershoot 负脉冲信号；下。
中英文翻译
NC switching power supplyAbstract：This system based on 51 SCM control unit, used for LM2576-wild numerical control a switching power supply of fuzzy digital control technology, adjust load R1, R2 proportion to change occupies empties compared to make the output stability, and can be through the buttons, digital display to realize output voltage numerical control. In addition, the system to input pressure, flow, input output flow, switch tube overheat as well as the protection circuit, ensure that the system is stable and reliable.Key words:the numerical control，switching power supply，LM2576-wild，micro controller (一)The overall design of the systemSystem to monolithic integrated circuit AT89S52, LM2576-for the core part, and the wild through the monolithic integrated circuit to output voltage gather, comparison, operations, and the output voltage control, automatic regulation system structure diagram shown as shown in figure 1.220 V / 50 Hz ac voltage after rectifying circuit and DC/DC voltage chip LM2576 wild transformation for stable-5 ~ 12 V DC voltage output, the output voltage through sampling circuit by sampling, A/D conversion chip ADC0804 after converting to 52 after processing, control simulation electron switch to choose 4051 respectively the nine potentiometer R2, change R1 and R2 ratio values, which change LM2576-of the wild chip PWM pulse of empty, MOS tubes work than to switch state in, the input of 15 V DC voltage "chopped" for the and of the same frequency PWM waves pulse wave, pulse wave through the rectifier filter circuit output for 5 ~ 12 V DC voltage. Because of this the topic request have nine output stepping demand, so can tune in advance each voltage resistance, through the corresponding key choice output voltage, directly to the analog switch 4067 choose resistance, they can get to output voltage. At the same time, to detect the voltage, current value through the display LCD1062 real-time display. If working current is too big, the flow detection circuit will be sent to the testing results of single-chip microcomputer, SCM control relaythrough the ac branch realize over-current protection system in fault, after the operation is set by the reset button to may cause the system to resume normal work. （二）The block diagram of the whole system(三) Unit circuit function and the analysis of the operation1. Minimum AT89S52 SCM systemMinimum system including crystal oscillator circuit and reset switch and power supply parts. Figure 2 for the minimum AT89S52 SCM system.The wave rectifier circuit is made up of two half wave of rectifier circuit. Because in the next two, add on miens input voltage of the opposite polarity, therefore, to a dynamic balance, in every signal cycle, the C1 and C2 experience 2 times charger, discharge process, current will appear two current pulse with polarity. So in addition to the V o saw tooth wave on the wavy frequency, improve the ability of double filtering, thus reduce ripple voltage.The dc power by power supply, filtering, protection, such as voltage, four basic modules.(1)The power transformer USES a step-down transformer, the power grid voltage 220 V transform into need ac voltage. The ac voltageAfter rectifying, may obtain electronic equipment need dc voltage.(2) Use rectifier circuit bridge rectifier circuit single-phase, 50 Hz ac alternating current transformation for direction invariable but still has the pulse size straight Flow electricity. Its advantage is high voltage ripple voltage, small, the utilization rate of transformer high. This design by A bridge pile of bridge rectifier, RS808 do maximum current can reach 8 A, cooperate with the design of the large filter capacitance, so the power of the instantaneous large current power supply characteristics, low noise, good reaction speed, output ripple small.（3）Filter circuit using capacitance filter circuit, will the pulsation of the rectifier circuit output filter, get most of the components is smooth dc the electricity. This circuit adopts 4700 u F / 50 V large capacitance C3, C4 to make the output voltage more smooth, the power supply characteristics moment, suitable for take the perceptual load, such as motor start-up. C3, C4 every parallel connection a 0.1 u F / 63 V CBB capacitance, filter to high frequency interference, make input to integrated circuits L11, L12 of dc as far as possible the smooth and pure.（4）By LM317 output voltage circuit is power, LM337 output negative supply. LM317 and LM337 are used internal heat Load, contains over current protection, hot off and safety working area for perfect protection circuit, that power can save the fuse, and so easy loss device. Regulating circuit: to meet the needs of the differentapplication situation and the voltage is set to can be adjusted. The calculation of the output voltage V o = 1.25 x (1 + Rf/R), adjustable resistance in use precision can be resistor and guarantee the precise output voltage can be adjusted. If this article chooses for 5 k of Rf Ω, R for 270 Ω combination, can respectively on 1.25 V ~ 24 V 1.25 V ~ 24 V achieve continuous adjustable between.（5）Protection circuit for linear power supply heat, so the power larger add enough radiator. Due to the high performance integrated circuit, which can simplify the circuit structure, highlighting the important part in the power transformation. Through the commissioning and testing, good performance. The whole circuit The power not only can be used alone, also can be in other electronic equipment used in voltage or current stabilization source use.2. LM2576-voltage circuit wildWorking principle:Assume that the switch transistors, diodes are ideal components, inductance and capacitance is ideal components, the output voltage ripple voltage output voltage and the ratio of the small to allow oversight.According to the current cycle to begin in IL inductance is starting from scratch, can be divided into current continuous working mode and inductance inductive current is discontinuous work patterns. Due to the continuous work mode inductance current converter, have very good control characteristic; Inductive current is discontinuous work mode, put the electric, inductance and capacitance easy to produce the oscillation, thus affecting the output voltage ripple; And the same occupies empties compared, output voltage in discrete model under the mode of work than the big, high efficiency. To sum up, the most ideal situation is in critical condition, stabilizer which work so we use two kinds of methods:(1)The increase of the inductance inductive energy storage, increase, and extend the discharge of time(2)Improve the work and reduce the frequency switch timeMake transistor in current continuous state.3. The whole wave output rectifier circuit parameter analysisOutput filter by free-wheeling diode rectifier circuit, inductance and capacitance composition. Consider free-wheeling diode in tube by PMOS transistor conduction, when energy consumption, and work in the state, so we used the low power consumption, high current, high-speed Scotty diodes IN5817, the characteristics as follows:Maximum peak reverse voltage: 40 VThe biggest reverse RMS voltage: 28 VThe biggest dc voltage: 40 V blockThe biggest positive average rectifier current: 1 AThe biggest positive pressure drop: 0.6 V (1 A) BUCK converter principle by analysis shows that in order to make work in inductive current circuit continuous mode, and the ripple voltage2221()88o o o s s V V D V t t T T LC LC=-= So as far as possible, should be made great inductance we choose for 8 mH inductanceCapacitors mainly is the "absorb" ripple with a smooth, the role of the voltage waveform. Capacitance and inductance is equivalent to a low pass filtering filter, the cut-off frequency defined asfc=Considering thecapacitance equivalent series resistance losses, we choose the capacitance for 1000 uF.562c f Hz ==≈ ()(2~4)gs th V V =-- At this time the cut-off frequency of ab o ut 562 Hz ac, visible to dozens of kHz PWM waves have very good filtering effect.4. Input over-voltage protectionWhen the input voltage in the normal range, the input sampling voltage comparator, less than the benchmark voltage output low level; When the input pressure, input voltage is greater than the benchmark sampling comparison output voltage, high level, ARM produce external interruption, warning, blockade, make PMOS transistor tube PWM signal, in order to protect the circuit damage.5. Over-current protectionUsually with hall current sensor detection of current directly PMOS transistor, and then with setting the Id threshold value, compared with comparison to control the output of the driver signal shut off; Or by indirect method, the flow test voltage when the voltage drop the Vsd PMOS transistor, because the pressure drop contains short-circuit current information flow, when the Vsd increasing, and basically for linear relationship, when the Vsd and with setting the threshold value is used in the comparison, the comparator output control power circuit of the shutoff.数控开关稳压电源摘要:本系统基于51单片机为控制单元，采用LM2576-ADJ数控开关稳压电源中的模糊数字控制技术，调整负载R1,R2比例来改变占空比使输出稳定，并且可通过按键、数码显示实现输出电压数控。
开关电源外文翻译
Pulse Width Modulator (PWM) General-Purpose TimersPWMPulse width modulation (PWM) is a powerful technique for digitally encoding analog signal levels.High-resolution counters are used to generate a square wave, and the duty cycle of the squarewave is modulated to encode an analog signal. Typical applications include switching power suppliesand motor control.The Stellaris® PWM module consists of three PWM generator blocks and a control block. The controlblock determines the polarity of the PWM signals, and which signals are passed through to the pins.Each PWM generator block produces two PWM signals that can either be independent signals(other than being based on the same timer and therefore having the same frequency) or a singlepair of complementary signals with dead-band delays inserted. The output of the PWM generationblocks are managed by the output control block before being passed to the device pins.The Stellaris® PWM module provides a great deal of flexibility. It can generate simple PWM signals,such as those required by a simple charge pump. It can also generate paired PWM signals withdead-band delays, such as those required by a half-H bridge driver. Three generator blocks canalso generate the full six channels of gate controls required by a 3-phase inverter bridge.PWM TimerThe timer in each PWM generator runs in one of two modes: Count-Down mode or Count-Up/Downmode. In Count-Down mode, the timer counts from the load value to zero, goes back to the loadvalue, and continues counting down. In Count-Up/Down mode, the timer counts from zero up to theload value, back down to zero, back up to the load value, and so on. Generally, Count-Down modeis used for generating left- or right-aligned PWM signals, while the Count-Up/Down mode is usedfor generating center-aligned PWM signals.The timers output three signals that are used in the PWM generation process: the direction signal(this is always Low in Count-Down mode, but alternates between Low and High in Count-Up/Downmode), a single-clock-cycle-width High pulse when the counter is zero, and a single-clock-cycle-widthHigh pulse when the counter is equal to the load value. Note that in Count-Down mode, the zeropulse is immediately followed by the load pulse.PWM ComparatorsThere are two comparators in each PWM generator that monitor the value of the counter; wheneither match the counter, they output a single-clock-cycle-width High pulse. When in Count-Up/Downmode, these comparators match both when counting up and when counting down; they are thereforequalified by the counter direction signal. These qualified pulses are used in the PWM generationprocess. If either comparator match value is greater than the counter load value, then that comparatornever outputs a High pulse.Figure 15-3 on page 493 shows the behavior of the counter and the relationship of these pulseswhen the counter is in Count-Down mode. Figure 15-4 on page 493 shows the behavior of the counterand the relationship of these pulses when the counter is in Count-Up/Down mode.PWM Signal GeneratorThe PWM generator takes these pulses (qualified by the direction signal), and generates two PWMsignals. In Count-Down mode, there are four events that can affect the PWM signal: zero, load,match A down, and match B down. In Count-Up/Down mode, there are six events that can affectthe PWM signal: zero, load, match A down, match A up, match B down, and match B up. The matchA or matchB events are ignored when they coincide with the zero or load events. If the match Aand match B events coincide, the first signal, PWMA, is generated based only on the match A event,and the second signal, PWMB, is generated based only on the match B event.Dead-Band GeneratorThe two PWM signals produced by the PWM generator are passed to the dead-band generator. Ifdisabled, the PWM signals simply pass through unmodified. If enabled, the second PWM signal islost and two PWM signals are generated based on the first PWM signal. The first output PWM signalis the input signal with the rising edge delayed by a programmable amount. The second outputPWM signal is the inversion of the input signal with a programmable delay added between the fallingedge of the input signal and the rising edge of this new signal.Interrupt/ADC-Trigger SelectorThe PWM generator also takes the same four (or six) counter events and uses them to generatean interrupt or an ADC trigger. Any of these events or a set of these events can be selected as asource for an interrupt; when any of the selected events occur, an interrupt is generated. Additionally,the same event, a different event, the same set of events, or a different set of events can be selectedas a source for an ADC trigger; when any of these selected events occur, an ADC trigger pulse isgenerated. The selection of events allows the interrupt or ADC trigger to occur at a specific positionwithin the PWM signal. Note that interrupts and ADC triggers are based on the raw events; delaysin the PWM signal edges caused by the dead-band generator are not taken into account.Synchronization MethodsThere is a global reset capability that can synchronously reset any or all of the counters in the PWMgenerators. If multiple PWM generators are configured with the same counter load value, this canbe used to guarantee that they also have the same count value (this does imply that the PWMgenerators must be configured before they are synchronized). With this, more than two PWM signalscan be produced with a known relationship between the edges of those signals since the countersalways have the same values.The counter load values and comparator match values of the PWM generator can be updated intwo ways. The first is immediate update mode, where a new value is used as soon as the counterreaches zero. By waiting for the counter to reach zero, a guaranteed behavior is defined, and overlyshort or overly long output PWM pulses are prevented.The other update method is synchronous, where the new value is not used until a global synchronizedupdate signal is asserted, at which point the new value is used as soon as the counter reacheszero. This second mode allows multiple items in multiple PWM generators to be updatedsimultaneously without odd effects during the update; everything runs from the old values until apoint at which they all run from the new values. The Update mode of the load and comparator matchvalues can be individually configured in each PWM generator block. It typically makes sense to usethe synchronous update mechanism across PWM generator blocks when the timers in those blocksare synchronized, though this is not required in order for this mechanism to function properly.Fault ConditionsThere are two external conditions that affect the PWM block; the signal input on the Fault pin andthe stalling of the controller by a debugger. There are two mechanisms available to handle suchconditions: the output signals can be forced into an inactive state and/or the PWM timers can bestopped.Each output signal has a fault bit. If set, a fault input signal causes the corresponding output signalto go into the inactive state. If the inactive state is a safe condition for the signal to be in for anextended period of time, thiskeeps the output signal from driving the outside world in a dangerousmanner during the fault condition. A fault condition can also generate a controller interrupt.Each PWM generator can also be configured to stop counting during a stall condition. The user canselect for the counters to run until they reach zero then stop, or to continue counting and reloading.A stall condition does not generate a controller interrupt.Output Control BlockWith each PWM generator block producing two raw PWM signals, the output control block takescare of the final conditioning of the PWM signals before they go to the pins. Via a single register,the set of PWM signals that are actually enabled to the pins can be modified; this can be used, forexample, to perform commutation of a brushless DC motor with a single register write (and withoutmodifying the individual PWM generators, which are modified by the feedback control loop). Similarly,fault control can disable any of the PWM signals as well. A final inversion can be applied to any ofthe PWM signals, making them active Low instead of the default active High.General-Purpose TimersProgrammable timers can be used to count or time external events that drive the Timer input pins.The Stellaris? General-Purpose Timer Module (GPTM) contains three GPTM blocks (Timer0, Timer1,and Timer 2). Each GPTM block provides two 16-bit timers/counters (referred to as TimerA andTimerB) that can be configured to operate independently as timers or event counters, or configuredto operate as one 32-bit timer or one 32-bit Real-Time Clock (RTC).In addition, timers can be used to trigger analog-to-digital conversions (ADC). The ADC triggersignals from all of the general-purpose timers are ORed together before reaching the ADC module,so only one timer should be used to trigger ADC events.The GPT Module is one timing resource available on the Stellaris? microcontrollers. Other timerresources include the System Timer (SysTick) and the PWM timer in thePWM module.The General-Purpose Timers provide the following features:■Three General-Purpose Timer Modules (GPTM), each of which provides two 16-bittimers/counters. Each GPTM can be configured to operate independently:–As a single 32-bit timer–As one 32-bit Real-Time Clock (RTC) to event capture–For Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)–To trigger analog-to-digital conversions■32-bit Timer modes–Programmable one-shot timer–Programmable periodic timer–Real-Time Clock when using an external 32.768-KHz clock as the input–User-enabled stalling when the controller asserts CPU Halt flag during debug–ADC event trigger■16-bit Timer modes–General-purpose timer function with an 8-bit prescaler (for one-shot and periodic modes only)–Programmable one-shot timer–Programmable periodic timer–User-enabled stalling when the controller asserts CPU Halt flag during debug–ADC event trigger■16-bit Input Capture modes–Input edge count capture270 September 04, 2010Texas Instruments-Production DataGeneral-Purpose Timers–Input edge time capture■16-bit PWM mode–Simple PWM mode with software-programmable output inversion of the PWM signaFunctional DescriptionThe main components of each GPTM block are two free-running 16-bit up/down counters (referredto as TimerA and TimerB), two 16-bit match registers, two prescaler match registers, and two 16-bitload/initialization registers and their associated control functions. The exact functionality of eachGPTM is controlled by software and configured through the register interface.Software configures the GPTM using the GPTM Configuration (GPTMCFG) register,the GPTM TimerA Mode (GPTMTAMR) register and the GPTM TimerB Mode(GPTMTBMR) register. When in one of the 32-bit modes, the timer can only act asa 32-bit timer. However, when configured in 16-bit mode, the GPTM can have its two 16-bit timersconfigured in any combination of the 16-bit modes.8.2.1 GPTM Reset ConditionsAfter reset has been applied to the GPTM module, the module is in an inactive state, and all controlregisters are cleared and in their default states. Counters TimerA and TimerB are initialized to0xFFFF, along with their corresponding load registers: the GPTM TimerA Interval Load(GPTMTAILR) register (see page 296) and the GPTM TimerB Interval Load (GPTMTBILR) register. The prescale counters are initialized to 0x00: the GPTM TimerA Prescale(GPTMTAPR) register (see page 300) and the GPTM TimerB Prescale (GPTMTBPR) register.32-Bit Timer Operating ModesThis section describes the three GPTM 32-bit timer modes (One-Shot, Periodic, and RTC) and theirconfiguration.The GPTM is placed into 32-bit mode by writing a 0 (One-Shot/Periodic 32-bit timer mode) or a 1(RTC mode) to the GPTM Configuration (GPTMCFG) register. In both configurations, certain GPTMregisters are concatenated to form pseudo 32-bit registers. These registers include:■GPTM TimerA Interval Load (GPTMTAILR) register [15:0],■GPTM TimerB Interval Load (GPTMTBILR) register [15:0],■GPTM TimerA (GPTMTAR) register [15:0],■GPTM TimerB (GPTMTBR) register [15:0],In the 32-bit modes, the GPTM translates a 32-bit write access to GPTMTAILR into a write accessto both GPTMTAILR and GPTMTBILR. The resulting word ordering for such a write operation is: GPTMTBILR[15:0]:GPTMTAILR[15:0]Likewise, a read access to GPTMTAR returns the value:GPTMTBR[15:0]:GPTMTAR[15:0]8.2.2.1 32-Bit One-Shot/Periodic Timer ModeIn 32-bit one-shot and periodic timer modes, the concatenated versions of the TimerA and TimerBregisters are configured as a 32-bit down-counter. The selection of one-shot or periodic mode isdetermined by the value written to the TAMR field of the GPTM TimerA Mode (GPTMTAMR) register, and there is no need to write to the GPTM TimerB Mode (GPTMTBMR) register.When software writes the TAEN bit in the GPTM Control (GPTMCTL) register, theimer begins counting down from its preloaded value. Once the 0x0000.0000 state is reached, thetimer reloads its start value from the concatenated GPTMTAILR on the next cycle. If configured tobe a one-shot timer, the timer stops counting and clears the TAEN bit in the GPTMCTL register. Ifconfigured as a periodic timer, it continues counting.In addition to reloading the count value, the GPTM generates interrupts and triggers when it reachesthe 0x000.0000 state. The GPTM sets the TATORIS bit in the GPTM Raw Interrupt Status(GPTMRIS) register andholds it until it is cleared by writing the GPTM InterruptClear (GPTMICR) register. If the time-out interrupt is enabled in the GPTM InterruptMask (GPTMIMR) register (see page 290), the GPTM also sets the TATOMIS bit in the GPTM MaskedInterrupt Status (GPTMMIS) register (see page 293). The ADC trigger is enabled by setting theTAOTE bit in GPTMCTL.If software reloads the GPTMTAILR register while the counter is running, the counter loads the newvalue on the next clock cycle and continues counting from the new value.If the TASTALL bit in the GPTMCTL register is set, the timer freezes counting while the processoris halted by the debugger. The timer resumes counting when the processor resumes execution.32-Bit Real-Time Clock Timer ModeIn Real-Time Clock (RTC) mode, the concatenated versions of the TimerA and TimerB registersare configured as a 32-bit up-counter. When RTC mode is selected for the first time, the counter isloaded with a value of 0x0000.0001. All subsequent load values must be written to the GPTM TimerAMatch (GPTMTAMATCHR) register by the controller.The input clock on an even CCP input is required to be 32.768 KHz in RTC mode. The clock signalis then divided down to a 1 Hz rate and is passed along to the input of the 32-bit counter.When software writes the TAEN bit inthe GPTMCTL register, the counter starts counting up from itspreloaded value of 0x0000.0001. When the current count value matches the preloaded value in theGPTMTAMA TCHR register, it rolls over to a value of 0x0000.0000 and continues counting untileither a hardware reset, or it is disabled by software (clearing the TAEN bit). When a match occurs,the GPTM asserts the RTCRIS bit in GPTMRIS. If the RTC interrupt is enabled in GPTMIMR, theGPTM also sets the RTCMIS bit in GPTMMIS and generates a controller interrupt. The status flagsare cleared by writing the RTCCINT bit in GPTMICR.If the TASTALL and/or TBSTALL bits in the GPTMCTL register are set, the timer does not freeze ifthe RTCEN bit is set in GPTMCTL.16-Bit Timer Operating ModesThe GPTM is placed into global 16-bit mode by writing a value of 0x4 to the GPTM Configuration(GPTMCFG) register. This section describes each of the GPTM 16-bit modes ofoperation. TimerA and TimerB have identical modes, so a single description is given using an n toreference both.16-Bit One-Shot/Periodic Timer ModeIn 16-bit one-shot and periodic timer modes, the timer is configured as a 16-bit down-counter withan optional 8-bit prescaler that effectively extends the counting range of the timer to 24 bits. Theselection of one-shot or periodic mode is determined by the value written to the TnMR field of theGPTMTnMR register. The optional prescaler is loaded into the GPTM Timern Prescale (GPTMTnPR)register.When software writes the TnEN bit in the GPTMCTL register, the timer begins counting down fromits preloaded value. Once the 0x0000 state is reached, the timer reloads its start value froGPTMTnILR and GPTMTnPR on the next cycle. If configured to be a one-shot timer, the timer stopscounting and clears the TnEN bit in the GPTMCTL register. If configured as a periodic timer, itcontinues counting.In addition to reloading the count value, the timer generates interrupts and triggers when it reachesthe 0x0000 state. The GPTM sets the TnTORIS bit in the GPTMRIS register, and holds it until it iscleared by writing the GPTMICR register. If the time-out interrupt is enabled in GPTMIMR, the GPTMalso sets the TnTOMIS bit in GPTMISR and generates a controller interrupt. The ADC trigger isenabled by setting the TnOTE bit in the GPTMCTL register.If software reloads the GPTMTAILR register while the counter is running, the counter loads the newvalue on the next clock cycle and continues counting from the new value.If the TnSTALL bit in the GPTMCTL register is set, the timer freezes counting while the processoris halted by the debugger. The timer resumes counting when the processor resumes execution.16-Bit Input Edge Count ModeIn Edge Count mode, the timer is configured as a down-counter capable of capturing three typesof events: rising edge, falling edge, or both. To place the timer in Edge Count mode, the TnCMR bitof the GPTMTnMR register must be set to 0. The type of edge that in theGPTMTnILR register and the GPTMTnMA TCHR register equals the number of edge events thatmust be counted.When software writes the TnEN bit in the GPTM Control (GPTMCTL) register, the timer is enabledfor event capture. Each input event on the CCP pin decrements the counter by 1 until the event countmatches GPTMTnMA TCHR. When the counts match, the GPTM asserts the CnMRIS bit in theGPTMRIS register (and the CnMMIS bit, if the interrupt is not masked).The counter is then reloaded using the value in GPTMTnILR, and stopped since the GPTMautomatically clears the TnEN bit in the GPTMCTL register. Once the event count has been reached,all further events are ignored until TnEN is re-enabled by software.16-Bit Input Edge Time ModeIn EdgeTime mode, the timer is configured as a free-running down-counter initialized to the valueloaded in the GPTMTnILR register (or 0xFFFF at reset). This mode allows for event capture ofeither rising or falling edges, but not both. The timer is placed into Edge Time mode by setting theTnCMR bit in the GPTMTnMR register, and the type of event that the timer captures is determinedby the TnEVENT fields of the GPTMCTL register.When software writes the TnEN bit in the GPTMCTL register, the timer is enabled for event capture.When the selected input event is detected, the current Tn counter value is captured in the GPTMTnRregister and is available to be read by the controller. The GPTM then asserts the CnERIS bit (andthe CnEMIS bit, if the interrupt is not masked).After an event has been captured, the timer does not stop counting. It continues to count until theTnEN bit is cleared. When the timer reaches the 0x0000 state, it is reloaded with the value from theGPTMTnILR register.16-Bit PWM ModeThe GPTM supports a simple PWM generation mode. In PWM mode, the timer is configured as adown-counter with a start value (and thus period) defined by GPTMTnILR. In this mode, the PWMfrequency and period are synchronous events and therefore guaranteed to be glitch free. PWMmode is enabled with the GPTMTnMR register by setting the TnAMS bit to 0x1, the TnCMR bit to0x0, and the TnMR field to 0x2.When software writes the TnEN bit in the GPTMCTL register, the counter begins counting downuntil it reaches the 0x0000 state. On the next counter cycle, the counter reloads its start value fromGPTMTnILR and continues counting until disabled by software clearing the TnEN bit in the GPTMCTLregister. No interrupts or status bits are asserted in PWM mode.The output PWM signal asserts when the counter is at the value of the GPTMTnILR register (itsstart state), and is deasserted when the counter value equals the value in the GPTM Timern MatchRegister (GPTMTnMATCHR). Software has the capability of inverting the output PWM signal bysetting the TnPWML bit in the GPTMCTL register.。
程控电源方案
程控电源方案概述程控电源（Programmable Power Supply）是一种能够通过编程方式控制输出电压和电流的电源设备。
它以数字方式控制输出参数，具有高精度、高稳定性和高可靠性的特点，被广泛应用于实验室、工业自动化、电子设备测试等领域。
本文将介绍程控电源的原理、工作方式以及应用场景，并重点介绍一种常见的程控电源方案。
程控电源原理程控电源的原理是通过采集、处理和控制模拟信号，实现对输出电压和电流的精确控制。
其基本原理如下：1.采集模拟信号：程控电源通过内置的模数转换器（ADC）采集输入电压和电流的模拟信号，并将其转换为数字信号供后续处理。
2.数字信号处理：采集到的模拟信号经过内部的数字信号处理器（DSP）进行处理，包括滤波、放大、补偿等操作。
3.控制回路：数字信号处理后通过控制回路产生对应的控制信号，控制开关电源的开关频率和占空比，从而实现对输出电压和电流的控制。
4.反馈控制：程控电源还包括反馈控制回路，通过采集输出端的电压和电流进行反馈，将其与期望值进行比较，并根据比较结果对控制信号进行调整，以实现闭环控制。
程控电源工作方式程控电源的工作方式通常分为手动控制和编程控制两种。
1.手动控制：程控电源通常配备前面板，通过设置旋钮或按钮来手动调整输出电压和电流。
2.编程控制：程控电源提供了通信接口（如RS-232、GPIB、USB等），可以通过电脑或其他控制设备与之通信并发送控制指令。
用户可以使用编程语言（如LabVIEW、Python等）编写控制程序，实现对程控电源的远程控制。
程控电源方案应用场景程控电源广泛应用于以下场景：1.实验室研究：在科研实验过程中，常常需要对电子元器件进行电压和电流的精确控制，程控电源能够满足实验的需求，并且具备高精度和可编程的特点。
2.电子设备测试：在电子设备的生产和测试过程中，需要对设备进行各种电压和电流的测试，程控电源可以提供稳定和可控的电源输出，方便测试人员进行测试和调试。
电力系统专业单词中英文对照
常用专业词汇中英文对照屏蔽双绞pair twisted screened常闭接点normally closed contact常开接点normally open contact备自投Automatic Takeover to Stand-by Supply遥信Remote indicationUnit-generator step-up transformers发变组Be subject to 服从于Step-up transformer升压变High-side(high voltage side) of the transformer变压器高压侧Low-side of the transtormer变压器低压侧Magnetizing inrush current励磁涌流Undervoltage Load Shedding 低电压甩负荷Margin 余地边界页面空白利润Yield 产生Dilute 冲淡稀释This includes compliance with IEEE and IEC standards for electrostatic discharge, fast transients,radiated emissions, surge-withstand capability, dielectric strength, pulsed magnetic fields, and disturbances.Specify optional具体指定的选择Open CT-------CT断线open or shorted CT conditions-------CT断线或短路状态including single- and dual-busbar, transfer-bus, tie-breaker分段Buscoupler 母联（母线并联）breaker-and-a-half, ring-bus, and double-bus/double-breakerconfigurations.重瓦斯heavy gasAccessories附件Bypass旁路，分流，绕开Inflexion拐点is converted to转换为over-current blocked by complex voltage复合电压闭锁过流Advances the State of the Art先进的技术发展水平actinconcert（音乐会）with与…相呼应in minimum operation mode 最小运行方式in conjunction with与…协力disconnect auxiliary contacts. 隔离刀辅助接点（SEL说明书）Buscoupler母联（SEL说明书）tie-breaker分断断路器（SEL说明书）Coupler Security Logic母联逻辑（SEL说明书）Tag n标签，vt加标签Put tag贴标签Have you put tags on your luggage?Transfer Bus 旁母Main bus 主母Dedicated 专用的优点和缺点advantages and disadvantages极性标记（同名端）Polarity markconservative settings 保守的定值（笨的定值）开口三角Broken-Delta ；Open-Delta减出力decrease power output突然加电inadvertent energization励磁field失磁out-of-field合闸位置 closed position（肯定对）分闸位置 open position（肯定对）/trip position防跳 antibumping原理图 Elementary Diagram接线图 Wiring Diagram单线图 One Line Diagram方块图、结构图 Block Diagram展开图 Developing Diagram简图 Schematic Diagram略图 Schema控制转换开关Control and Transfer Switch多层开关 Multiple Switch多功能开关 Multi-Function Switch把手、手柄 Handle端子箱 Terminal Cabinet端子排 Terminal Block监视 Monitoring测量 Metering瓦斯保护继电器 Buchholz Protector动作机理Mechanism of Action操作机构Operation Mechanism转换 Commutate保护动作 Protection Action启动 Starting up升高/降低（动） Raise/Go down升高/降低（动） Raise/Reduce增加/减少 Increase/Decrease高/低（名） Upper/lower接地 Grounding接地 Earthing压板 Clamp辅助结点 Auxiliary Contact电流回路测试盒 Test Block隔离刀闸 Isolator隔离刀闸 Disconnectorshielded twisted pair屏蔽双绞线intelligent electrical device 智能测控装置generator 发电机transformer 变压器/互感器motor 电动机meter 仪表power automation system 电力自动化系统phase mark相别substation automation system 变电站自动化系统oscillation /swing振荡chip 芯片resolution 分辨率relay 继电器parameter 参数frequency 频率power factor 功率因数2×16 character liquid crystal display 2行X16字符液晶显示dual RS485 communication interface 带双路RS-485通信接口three-phase voltage/current input 三相电压/电流输入active power 有功功率reactive power 无功功率configuration 配置maintenance 维护debugging 调试live wire 火线SOE(sequence of event) 事件顺序记录transient process暂态过程Input/output 输入/输出transducer 变送器rated voltage/current/frequency 额定电压/电流/频率impedance 阻抗earthing resistance 接地电阻circuit breakers 断路器vacuum circuit breakers 真空断路器rated main busbar current 主母线额定电流enclosure/internal 外壳/内部supply voltage/current 电源电压/电流petrolic engine 汽油发动机diesel engine 柴油发动机micro ammeter 微安表high voltage testing transformer 高压试验变压器metallic door handle金属门把手DC double bridge 直流双臂电桥transformer ratio bridge 变压比电桥relay protection tester 继电保护测试仪micro ohmmeter 微电阻测量仪earthing resistance meter 接地电阻表digital multimeter数字万用表megohmmeter 兆欧表electronic megohmmeter 电子兆欧表power distribution compartment 配电室alternation switch 转换开关high/low voltage switchgear高/低压开关柜earthing knife switch 接地刀开关interlocking device 连锁装置hexagonal rotation axis 六角转轴back cover board 后盖板fuse 熔断器AI (analog input) 模拟量/遥测量cable incoming, outgoing 电缆进、出线breaking capacity 开断容量arrester 避雷器electrical equipment 电气设备busbar 母线load switch 负荷开关secondary components 二次元件truck 手车earthing line 接地线coil 线圈contactor 接触器sensor 传感器winding 绕组high voltage output 高压输出AC withstand voltage test 交流耐压试验earthing bar 接地棒attracting voltage 吸合电压releasing voltage 释放电压protection device sampling debugging 装置采样调试protection device instantaneous over-current debugging 装置速断保护调试protection device definite-time over-current debugging 装置过流保护调试zero-sequence protection debugging 装置零序保护调试pressure relief flap压力释放板branched busbar 分支母线bottom board 底板removable partition装卸式隔板secondary plug二次插头small busbar terminal box 小母线端子terminal block端子排disconnect contact device 隔离触头装置control wire duct控制线槽feeder 一回输电线路semiconductor 半导体mechanical endurance机械寿命electrical endurance 电寿命operation startup current 操作启动电流rectifier 整流器tripping current of the opening coil 分闸线圈脱扣电流monitor 监视器connection diagrams 接线图polarity极性power supply units and master modules 主控机与电源单元coupling modules 耦合模块accessories 附件analog modules 模拟量模块application modules 应用模块digital input/output modules 数字量输入/输出模块brake contact制动接点overvoltage protection module 过电压保护模块station board 配电屏electromechanical 机电一体thermistor 热敏电阻baud rate 波特率superconductor 超导体power plant 发电厂tap 分接头LED（light-emitting diode）发光二极管controller 控制器hydraulic power plant 水电站instrument board 仪表盘UPS (Uninterruptable Power Supply) 不间断电源indicator 指示器DC (direct current) 直流AC (alternating current) 交流active defect 运行故障active output 有功输出active-power loss 有功功率损耗active standard 现行标准AC voltage stabilizer 交流稳压器pulse 脉冲air switch 空气开关water vapor 水蒸汽terminal board 接线板short-circuit 短路shielding layer 屏蔽层export 导出electricity measurement 电量测量signal acquisition 信号采集LCD (liquid crystal display) 液晶显示remote communication 远程通信dual RS485 communication interface 双路RS485通信接口three-phase voltage/current input 三相电压/电流输入protocol 规约,协议four digital inputs 4路数字量输入rolling record 循环记录V，I，P，Q，F，Cosф，E电压、电流、有功功率、无功功率、频率、功率因数、有功电度voltage/current transformation ratio 电压/电流变比photoelectric isolation 光电隔离PT (potential transformer) 电压互感器default value 默认值CT (current transformer) 电流互感器calibration parameter 校准参数RMS (root mean square) 均方根，有效值filmy button 薄膜按键Wye system 星形系统energy counter input 电度chain controller 回路控制器message format 报文格式DI (digital input) 遥信量real-time data 实时数据power energy 电能front panel 面板bit change 变位electromagnetic fields 电磁场intelligent switching cabinet 智能开关柜form-C dry contact C型干触点Integrated substation automation 变电站综合自动化Harmonic 谐波Wave recorder 录波Workstation 工作站Public electric utility 市电电源Central alarm unit for electric fire leakage 电气火灾漏电集中告警器Computer protection system计算机保护系统Industry and building substation and distribution automation system 工业及楼宇变配电自动化系统Communication control unit 通讯主控单元Three-phase operation box 三相操作箱Voltage switch box 电压切换箱Transformer extension relay box 变压器重动箱Neutral point earthing resistance cubicle 中性点接地电阻柜Hydraulic car crane 液压汽车吊Automotive truck 载重汽车Coach 载人客车Mobile machinery shop with four seats 双排座工程车Hydraulic fork lift truck液压叉车Engine driven capstan 机动缴磨Weldingmachine 电焊机Press pliers压接钳Chain wheel 链条葫芦Bench drill 台钻Electric portable drill 手电钻Churn drill 冲击钻Jack 千斤顶Weldingtool 气焊工具Electromotive refacer 电动磨光机Petrol gas heating 石油气加热项目Bolt clipper 断线钳Tensile strength meter 拉力表Moment spanner 力矩扳手Adjustable auto transformer 自藕调压器Phase sequence meter 相序表Withstand voltage tester 耐压试验装置Water level 水准仪Stop watch 秒表Micro-ohmmeter 微欧计Micro-processor protection panel 微机保护屏Fundamental current 基波电流Power transmission and substation engineering 输变电工程Electric Supply Authority 供电局Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories SEL公司全称储能 charging合闸 closing分闸 opening绝缘 insulation性能 performance过载 overload故障 fault多路传输 multiplex transmission备用 back-up比特、位 bit检修 overhaul冗余的 redundancy消耗 consumption冷却 cooling有功的active放大 amplify人造的 artificial手工的,人工的 manualFARAD 200 SEA4.0软件类(software)parallel interface 并行接口serial interface 串行接口application management 应用程序管理clipboard 剪贴板event system 事件系统browser 浏览器event log 事件日志removable storage 可移动存储routing and remote access 路由和远程访问server 服务器daily qualification rate 日合格率inhibit operation 禁止操作tele-indication blockage 遥信封锁invalid object 对象无效exactitude rate/success rate 正确率/成功率event handling 事件处理designer 设计人员operator 操作人员remote access server 远程访问服务器paste function 粘贴函数database 数据库file 文件edit 编辑view 视图insert (v.) insertion (n.) 插入tools 工具format 格式paste special 选择性粘贴alignment 对齐font 字体favorite 收藏夹peak value 峰值valley value 谷值normal(level) value 平值hyperlink 超级链接development environment 开发环境operation environment 运行环境graphic edit 图形编辑alarm event and handling 报警事件及处理PDR and recurrence 事故追忆与重演history data and real-time data retrieval 历史数据和实时数据检索fault diagnosis 故障诊断dual computers hot standby 双机热备remote maintenance 远程维护front controller 前端控制器thread 线程multimedia graphical user interface 多媒体图形界面transparent network technology 透明网络技术data acquisition technology 数据采集技术micro-kernel control and dispatching technology 微内核控制调度技术virtual reality scenes 虚拟现实场景variable 变量node 节点dynamic/line/fill/text property 动态/线/填充/文本属性time strings 时间串hotkey 热键alarm dead band 报警死区customization 定制reference frequency 基准频率window position fixation 窗口位置固定initialization full-screen display 初始化全屏显示initialization picture adaptation 初始化画面自适应task manager 任务管理器alarm appearance color 报警消失颜色synchronization 同步network congestion 网络堵塞supervisory control picture 监控画面homepage 主页print preview 打印预览standard serial port communication 标准串口通讯slash 斜线backslash 反斜线more/greater than 大于号less than 小于号asterisk 星号period 句号question mark 问号quotation mark 引号vertical bar 竖线transverse line 横线colon 冒号semicolon 分号parity check 奇偶校验data mapping table 数据映射表scroll bar 滚动条refresh 刷新list box 列表框bypass replacement 旁路替代bitmap file 位图文件consolidate 合并gateway 网关grid structure 网状结构subassembly programming 组件编程single-server 单机multi-server 多机browsing station 浏览站ODBC: Open Database Connectivity 开放式数据库互连distributed system architecture 分布式系统结构template database 模版库dual-device/computers/network redundancy 双设备/机/网络冗余history/curve database 历史/曲线数据库alarm voice file 报警语音文件pop-up picture file 弹出画面文件default path 缺省路径high-density curve 高密度曲线analog data overview模拟量一览digital data overview 开关量一览counter input data overview 电度量一览real-time alarm 实时报警communication fault 通讯故障report system 报表系统electrical report function 电力报表函数load 加载invoke 调用communication driver 通讯驱动snapshot 快照expression 表达式operational status 运行状况user manual 用户手册free disk space 硬盘余留空间program group 程序组registration number 注册号system/network configuration 系统/网络配置user right 用户权限auto start 自动启动password 口令shortcut 快捷方式directory for storing executable program 可执行程序存放目录auto logon 自动登录operation ticket 操作票symbol directory 图元库目录menu bar 菜单栏activate 激活project database 工程数据库table control 表格控件enable dual-computers hot standby 双机热备投用standby server query period 备机查询周期timeout time 超时时间history database synchronization days 历史数据库同步天数computer table 计算机表dial-up workstation 拨号工作站standard serial port communication 标准串口通讯upper/lower computer 上/下位机remark 备注object table 对象表logic relationship 逻辑关系interval 间隔deletion (n.) delete (v.) 删除power equipment 电力设备read only 只读prompt 提示subdirectory 子目录current directory 当前目录command/channel timeout 命令/通道超时master station address 主站地址title bar 标题栏toolbar 工具栏previous 上页next 下页picture file 图形文件real-time bar chart 实时棒图subsection electricity bar chart 分段电量棒图logout 退出，退路multi-electricity pie chart 多电量饼图printout 打印输出print setup 打印设置zoom in 缩小zoom out 放大scroll display 滚动显示daily/monthly report 日/月报表unqualified daily minutes 日不合格分钟数average value 平均值monthly trips due to faults月故障跳闸次数monthly repair time 月检修时间reactor电抗器The fuse blew out and the house was in darkness.保险丝烧断使得整个房子漆黑一片。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
可编程电源能够接收AC和DC输入功率背景许多电子设备，如电脑，个人数字助理（PDA）、移动电话、光盘和盒式磁带播放器等，目的是供电从交流（AC）和直流（DC）10个电源。
交流电源包括墙壁插座，而直流电源可包括电池和车辆电源，如汽车点烟器和飞机座椅电源（如授权系统）。
为了从这些交流和直流电源接收功率，电子设备通常必须具有多个独立的功率转换电源供应。
此外，每个电子设备可以接收在不同要求的电流或电压下的操作功率。
这些业务的要求也会改变关于电子设备的状态（例如，是否电子设备的电池正在充电）。
电力电子设备如计算机、人工提供外部电源。
这个外部电源可能是一个开关电源的重量可能接近一磅，可能是约八英寸长，四英寸宽，高约四英寸。
在此外，电源可包括固定输出电缆或固定输入电缆和插头，使之更加困难压缩存储。
因此，这样的外部电源贡献子—大量额外的重量，电脑用户必须携带他或她允许电池充电和电气插座或其他电源的操作。
此外，外部电源可以笨重，不可获得在典型情况下，便携式电子设备，如笔记本电脑和子笔记本电脑。
日本，一个单独的电源可能需要需要每个外围设备，如打印机、外部存储器（例如，磁盘驱动器）或类似。
因此，用户需要电源消耗和增加一些不必要的重量空间。
这些电源可设计用于与一个特定类型的交流或直流电源。
因此，特别是便携式电子设备，它是可取的，能够接收电力从任何数量的交流和直流电源，用户可能需要不断进行适用于多种电源的多电源可能提供的来源。
这些缺陷在解决，编号6266261，5636110，5838554，6091611，and6172884，它描述了可编程电源。
这个输出可以耦合英特尔：多变的技巧电源输出电缆或终端。
一双电源转换为交流和直流电源输入信号转换成直流电源输出信号也是描述.这些引用，但是，不披露电源可以紧包装和容易存储.他们也没有描述如何互换提示可能是方便和紧凑的存储以防止大坝，这可能是特别有问题，提示小的尺寸。
其他讨论电力供应的参考接收交流和直流电源输入简单有效。
例如，美国专利号，描述具有固定输入电缆和用于接收交流和直流电源输入信号的插头用于将直流输出电缆传输到电子设备的固定输出电缆和连接器。
此外，该物参考并描述任何用于将交流或直流输入功率信号我各种特性的输入功率匹配为直流电源输出信号需要一个以上的电子设备。
电源在包括固定的交流输入插头，DC插件可安装，电源可以获得直流电源输入回答信号与等人参考，输入电缆的交流输入插头称为固定。
虽然直流插头附件和输出电缆显示为潜在可拆卸的，参考没有披露这些高度，可以方便地存储和电源。
美国5940282号也描述了一种电源，包括一个固定的交流输入插头，一个可移动的直流输入插头附件可耦合。
没有输出线，无论是固定的，这价值或可伸缩的描述。
此外，与尼采参考的参考不公开紧凑，方便存储输入插头和电缆的任何手段输出电缆。
它被认为是可取的，提供了一个电源包薄，设计适合在一个标准口袋内的衬衫或标准计算器口袋在一个简短的案例。
此外，它是认为是可取的，电源可由交流或直流电源接收输入功率能够满足要求提供亲程控输出功率一个电子设备的主机。
简要描述的人物本发明的实施例的详细描述将参照附图所示，如数字在数字中指定相应的部分。
图1是本发明实施例的一个实施例的高空后视图。
图2是正确的前来看，本发明的一个实施例。
图3是本发明实施例的爆炸右上角透视图。
详细说明本发明的实施例涉及电源从直流电源和提供输出功率信号，适合向任何接收功率一个电子设备的主机。
美国编号6266261，5636110，5838，554，6091611，和6172884和相关美国专利申请授予的专利权，这些本文优先纳入参考。
图1显示电源根据本发明的一个实施例。
电源可以包括外壳1与前外表和背面的结核病，包括国米信号功率转换电路。
外壳可以取得高的影响，合适的塑料，如聚碳酸酯，或类似的轻量级、非导电的材料，并且可以包括多个百叶窗5，定义多个开口增加热量通过外壳1消散。
尽管在实施例中，百叶窗上有5只包括前冲浪ACE TA，在本发明的替代实施例中既有前表面TA又包括背面在外1包括热的目的，但是，它是普遍有用的5只在表面，暴露在大量的空气循环。
例如，可能不包括在后面的自回可能附近当输入耦合到W塞的点火所有出口。
虽然“开口”是用来描述领域的外，应该理解，内部元件的电源可能无法直接接触（即“打开“）到这些开口的空气。
事实上，开口可以在该地区的外壳的材料是薄的，然而，在开口的外1材料厚度可能仍然被选为厚足以防止损害部件，对外液体或其他元素进入供电电源。
在优选实施例中，厚度的外1在开口可以选择为1 -3毫升。
在外1 NE配置的开口可以设计以改善外观的电源在本发明的实施例的开口，但可以设计专业提供空气循环和换热面积，即使工作在最大额定输出功率时，在外1表面温度小于所需的最大T温度选择基于潜在的伤害到用户和内部元件的电源损坏。
例如，外1设计可能不超过最高温度一百四十华氏度（140°）和喜欢超过一百华氏度（120°）当机组在最大额定功率运行，例如七零五瓦直流。
在体现方面的发明，在开口的部分可以由一个，不同材料（复合材料、陶瓷或其他热传导）在实施例中，本发明，外1可以包括圆形一室内含有输出当输出一部分处于收缩状态。
在本发明的实施例，外壳可以包括的输出可能退出。
虽然产量可能普遍是什么用于功率输出，在体现输出是可伸缩的，输出最好是一种易于存储在，如扁平电缆。
然而，在其它实施例中，电缆的主体可以是圆形的.。
输出会输出移动终端4。
当输出缩回，输出4可以对移动终端T 。
在本发明的实施例中（如是在如图3所示），该对于输出机制可能偏向于收缩状态。
在这样的实施例中，4 输出移动终端对容易使使用者对输出移动终端4克服这种偏见扩展输出。
在本发明的，输出移动终端4可以连接到不同的输出互换功率特性（如电压或电流）在特定的电源输出移动终端的可能电压，第二引脚连接到地，三分之一脚为电流控制信号返回到电源转换电路在外和四分之一针返回一个电压控制信号的功率转换5电路。
在本发明的特定实施例中输出移动终端可能有四个导电引脚，如编号5838554，6091611，和6172884，然而，替代时也可以使用。
没有可能是一个常见的形状和尺寸适于与输出端4的自由端配合，而每个尖端的另一端可能具有独特的形状、尺寸和/或引脚配置适合与权力交配一个或多个电子设备的输入端。
第一还是可能结束配置交配随着东芝笔记本电脑的电源输入端，而第二个提示可能有一个配置为与出E输入功率的电脑和移动终端的结束配置交配与电源输入移动终端的诺基亚电话。
DIS—闭在美国专利。
编号5838554，6091611，884，的，和6172，Tips3可能包含一个电阻规划元件和相关的功率转换电路一个特定的电压输出功率、电流或其他字符-特点基础上的显示的电阻值电阻，输出功率特性由一个适当的控制信号改变的收据从电子设备本身的实施例，除了各有一个端配置一个电子伴侣设备。
每个提示可能包括一个或多个编程元件（如电阻），引起输出功率满足输入功率的电源要求的电子设备，尖端设置成伴侣。
不是正在使用可保持在尖端在外壳。
在实施例中的提示，提示可拆卸的贴可能包括站点相同的大小和形状的末端输出移动终端4它在使用时还是会交配。
在这样一个体现各交配网站不使用时。
在本发明的实施例中可能一个停靠站点，与体外的各可能网站，这样一个存储还是可以交配的的尖和剩余存储还是可以连续堆叠在上面，可以的在举行尖端的紧固件，如绳子或夹。
在应用它的电源要经常运输，它可能是可取的，以确保在尖端以防止运动的以或损坏的电源还包括。
的交流输入插头的可能耦合到电源输入端子转换电路。
虽然两项交流输入插头所示，其他类型的交流输入插头不同数量（例如，用叉子叉连接一三插头地）和插脚配置（例如，如可能适用于提供的插座不同的国家使用）。
根据本发明实施例，插脚2可能是可伸缩的。
在实施例中，本发明的相似的。
1和2可能的突出垂直于表面山E外壳当交流输入插头连接到出口或电源，和透视到深处8外壳当交流输入插头不被使用。
虽然在方法的实施例中，该显示旋转到，在另一个实施例中，该可以缩回以其他方式为外1。
例如，可能的收回的为在外在长度方向的。
此外，在实施例中，插脚2收回的旋转，旋转的方向可能不同于显示。
例如,在本发明的，插脚可能彼此可以互相重叠在缩回位置。
在本发明的替代实施例中，的输入插头，包括插头体，可在交流时移动输入插头改为缩回状态。
交流输入插头可以通过延长，G和旋转选项卡将交流输入插头从外部的凹槽中旋出1。
在替代实施例中，交流输入供应可能是这样的一个输入插头在缩回位置和弹簧交流输入插头插入扩展位置一旦抓住的是发布。
交流输入插头可能包括或采用其他方法来保持在伸出或缩进位置。
一旦扩展，交流输入插头可插入交流电源插座或其他。
在实施例，外壳可以垂在为了稳定和支持。
在另一个实施例中，交流输入插头可以凹和固定在电源外1接受线被可拆卸地连接打赌之间的交流输入插头和电源。
此外，为了安全起见，在实施例中，本发明的，可能从电源转换电路断开时，在缩回位置。
当在扩展POS此外，然而，插脚可能耦合到电源转换电路，如那些在美国6266261号和6172884，它可以被安装在一个印刷电路板（图3）在外壳。
该电源还包括一个直流输入直流输入适于交配可能已经结束飞机座椅电源、电池组。
与交流输入插头，直流输入可伸缩。
在加验证体现，直流输入可以转动之间n扩展位置（如图2所示）和缩回位置，DC投入可以休息一边对外壳。
直流输入包括一，旋转贴在外1。
在缩进位置中端的直流输入对面的支点可以休在一个保护。
如图2所示，保护性形成部分。
直流输入插头连接到DC-DC功率变换电路，如在你的编号6266261和6172884，在扩展状态。
然而，直流输入可能与电路在缩回状态时（例如，休息在保护CAP3）。
在实施例中，本发明，电源转换电路可分为两个部分，即初级阶段能够将交流输入一直流电流。
因此，当两部分输出的次级传输出E初级阶段作为输入，该组合可以考虑一个DC-DC电源转换电路和初级阶段孤立可以考虑交直流电源转换电路。
在替代实施例中，该阶段可能是一个DC-DC电源转换电路和中学阶段可能ANAC的直流电源转换电路设计输出直流电源，可以输入到初级阶段。
两级功率转换电路可用于实施美国专利6266261号。
从方法减少权力占用的空间量转换电路，初级阶段和中学阶段可在本发明的实施例上安装在同一电路板上。
，初级阶段和中学阶段可能包含可分离的分离—对这样的，直流输入和DC-AC初级阶段的功率转换电路可拆卸连接到电源的剩余部分。
图3描述了一个针对电源根据本发明的实施例。
这个圆形的外可能包括UKE了，收回部分的输出可以包裹。
在所的实施例中发明，拉紧可以安装在一个是有失偏颇的（例如，使用扭簧）来输出电缆外1。