外文翻译--高频开关电源介绍
电源
高频开关电源电路原理(中英文对照)高频开关电源由以下几个部分组成：一、主电路从交流电网输入、直流输出的全过程，包括：1、输入滤波器：其作用是将电网存在的杂波过滤，同时也阻碍本机产生的杂波反馈到公共电网。
2、整流与滤波：将电网交流电源直接整流为较平滑的直流电，以供下一级变换。
3、逆变：将整流后的直流电变为高频交流电，这是高频开关电源的核心部分，频率越高，体积、重量与输出功率之比越小。
4、输出整流与滤波：根据负载需要，提供稳定可靠的直流电源。
二、控制电路一方面从输出端取样，经与设定标准进行比较，然后去控制逆变器，改变其频率或脉宽，达到输出稳定，另一方面，根据测试电路提供的资料，经保护电路鉴别，提供控制电路对整机进行各种保护措施。
三、检测电路除了提供保护电路中正在运行中各种参数外，还提供各种显示仪表资料。
四、辅助电源提供所有单一电路的不同要求电源。
开关控制稳压原理开关K以一定的时间间隔重复地接通和断开，在开关K接通时，输入电源E通过开关K和滤波电路提供给负载RL，在整个开关接通期间，电源E向负载提供能量；当开关K断开时，输入电源E便中断了能量的提供。
可见，输入电源向负载提供能量是断续的，为使负载能得到连续的能量提供，开关稳压电源必须要有一套储能装置，在开关接通时将一部份能量储存起来，在开关断开时，向负载释放。
图中，由电感L、电容C2和二极管D组成的电路，就具有这种功能。
电感L用以储存能量，在开关断开时，储存在电感L 中的能量通过二极管D释放给负载，使负载得到连续而稳定的能量，因二极管D使负载电流连续不断，所以称为续流二极管。
在AB间的电压平均值EAB可用下式表示：EAB=TON/T*E式中TON为开关每次接通的时间，T为开关通断的工作周期（即开关接通时间TON和关断时间TOFF之和）。
由式可知，改变开关接通时间和工作周期的比例，AB间电压的平均值也随之改变，因此，随着负载及输入电源电压的变化自动调整TON和T的比例便能使输出电压V0维持不变。
高频开关电源详细介绍
高频开关电源详细介绍高频开关电源（High-Frequency Switching Power Supply）是一种广泛应用于电子设备中的电源系统。
相比传统的线性电源，高频开关电源具有高效率、小体积、轻重量和稳定的电压输出等优点。
本文将详细介绍高频开关电源的工作原理、主要组成部分以及应用领域。
高频开关电源的工作原理如下：当输入电压接通时，由交流电源经过整流和滤波后，经过开关器件进行高频开关，然后经过变压器变换电压，之后经过滤波、稳压和反馈电路调节后输出稳定的直流电压。
整个过程中，开关器件在开关状态下，能以更高的频率进行开关操作，以提高转换效率和减小体积。
高频开关电源的主要组成部分包括输入端、整流滤波器、开关器件、变压器、输出电路以及保护电路等。
输入端主要接收交流电源，并通过整流滤波器将其转换为直流电压。
开关器件是高频开关电源的核心部分，负责快速开关操作，常见的开关器件包括MOSFET（金属氧化物半导体场效应管）和IGBT（绝缘栅双极型晶体管）等。
变压器则用于将输入电压变换为合适的电压，并通过输出电路将其稳定输出。
保护电路主要用于确保电源在工作过程中的安全性和稳定性，包括过载保护、短路保护和过温保护等。
高频开关电源具有较高的转换效率，一般可以达到85%以上，而传统的线性电源则只有60%左右的效率。
这是因为在高频开关电源中，开关器件可以迅速地通过开关操作来控制电源的输出，并通过反馈控制电路来实现稳定的电压输出，大大提高了能量转换的效率。
由于高频开关电源具有高效率的特点，可以减少电源损耗，降低能源消耗，因此在现代电子设备中得到了广泛应用。
高频开关电源的应用领域十分广泛，例如计算机、通讯设备、工业自动化设备以及医疗仪器等。
在计算机中，高频开关电源被广泛应用于各种电子设备，如主机、显示器和服务器等。
通讯设备方面，高频开关电源可以为手机、路由器和网络交换机等提供稳定的电源。
在工业自动化设备中，高频开关电源可以为机器人、PLC（可编程逻辑控制器）以及传感器等提供经济高效的电源解决方案。
外文翻译：智能开关电源
Intelligent switch power supply英文：With the rapid development of electronic technology, application field of electronic system is more and more extensive, electronic equipment, there are more and more people work with electronic equipment, life is increasingly close relationship. Any electronic equipment are inseparable from reliable power supply for power requirements, they more and more is also high. Electronic equipment miniaturized and low cost in the power of light and thin, small and efficient for development direction. The traditional transistors series adjustment manostat is continuous control linear manostat. This traditional manostat technology more mature, and there has been a large number of integrated linear manostat module, has the stable performance is good, output ripple voltage small, reliable operation, etc. But usually need are bulky and heavy industrial frequency transformer and bulk and weight are big filter.In the 1950s, NASA to miniaturization, light weight as the goal, for a rocket carrying the switch power development. In almost half a century of development process, switch power because of its small volume, light weight, high efficiency, wide range, voltage advantages in electric, control, computer, and many other areas of electronic equipment has been widely used. In the 1980s, a computer is made up of all of switch power supply, the first complete computer power generation. Throughout the 1990s, switching power supply in electronics, electrical equipment, home appliances areas to be widely, switch power technology into the rapid development. In addition, large scale integrated circuit technology, and the rapid development of switch power supply with a qualitative leap, raised high frequency power products of, miniaturization, modular tide.Power switch tube, PWM controller and high-frequency transformer is an indispensable part of the switch power supply. The traditional switch power supply is normally made by using high frequency power switch tube division and the pins, such as using PWM integrated controller UC3842 + MOSFET is domestic small powerswitch power supply, the design method of a more popularity.Since the 1970s, emerged in many function complete integrated control circuit, switch power supply circuit increasingly simplified, working frequency enhances unceasingly, improving efficiency, and for power miniaturization provides the broad prospect. Three end off-line pulse width modulation monolithic integrated circuit TOP (Three switch Line) will Terminal Off with power switch MOSFET PWM controller one package together, has become the mainstream of switch power IC development. Adopt TOP switch IC design switch power, can make the circuit simplified, volume further narrowing, cost also is decreased obviouslyMonolithic switching power supply has the monolithic integrated, the minimalist peripheral circuit, best performance index, no work frequency transformer can constitute a significant advantage switching power supply, etc. American PI (with) company in Power in the mid 1990s first launched the new high frequency switching Power supply chip, known as the "top switch Power", with low cost, simple circuit, higher efficiency. The first generation of products launched in 1994 represented TOP100/200 series, the second generation product is the TOP Switch - debuted in 1997 Ⅱ. The above products once appeared showed strong vitality and he greatly simplifies thedesign of 150W following switching power supply and the development of new products for the new job, also, high efficiency and low cost switch power supply promotion and popularization created good condition, which can be widely used in instrumentation, notebook computers, mobile phones, TV, VCD and DVD, perturbation VCR, mobile phone battery chargers, power amplifier and other fields, and form various miniaturization, density, on price can compete with the linear manostat AC/DC power transformation module.Switching power supply to integrated direction of future development will be the main trend, power density will more and more big, to process requirements will increasingly high. In semiconductor devices and magnetic materials, no new breakthrough technology progress before major might find it hard to achieve, technology innovation will focus on how to improve the efficiency and focus onreducing weight. Therefore, craft level will be in the position of power supply manufacturing higher in. In addition, the application of digital control IC is the future direction of the development of a switch power. This trust in DSP for speed and anti-interference technology unceasing enhancement. As for advanced control method, now the individual feels haven't seen practicability of the method appears particularly strong,perhaps with the popularity of digital control, and there are some new control theory into switching power supply.（1）The technology: with high frequency switching frequencies increase, switch converter volume also decrease, power density has also been boosted, dynamic response improved. Small power DC - DC converter switch frequency will rise to MHz. But as the switch frequency unceasing enhancement, switch components and passive components loss increases, high-frequency parasitic parameters and high-frequency EMI and so on the new issues will also be caused.（2）Soft switching technologies: in order to improve the efficiency of non-linearity of various soft switch, commutation technical application and hygiene, representative of soft switch technology is passive and active soft switch technology, mainly including zero voltage switch/zero current switch (ZVS/ZCS) resonance, quasi resonant, zero voltage/zero current pulse width modulation technology (ZVS/ZCS - PWM) and zero voltage transition/zero current transition pulse width modulation (PWM) ZVT/ZCT - technical, etc. By means of soft switch technology can effectively reduce switch loss and switch stress, help converter transformation efficiency （3）Power factor correction technology (IC simplifies PFC). At present mainly divided into IC simplifies PFC technology passive and active IC simplifies PFC technology using IC simplifies PFC technology two kinds big, IC simplifies PFC technology can improve AC - DC change device input power factor, reduce the harmonic pollution of power grid.（4）Modular technology. Modular technology can meet the needs of the distributed power system, enhance the system reliability.（5）Low output voltage technology. With the continuous development of semiconductor manufacturing technology, microprocessor and portable electronic devices work more and more low, this requires future DC - DC converter can provide low output voltage to adapt microprocessor and power supply requirement of portable electronic devicesPeople in switching power supply technical fields are edge developing related power electronics device, the side of frequency conversion technology, development of switch between mutual promotion push switch power supply with more than two year growth toward light, digital small, thin, low noise and high reliability, anti-interference direction. Switching powersupply can be divided into the AC/DC and DC/DC two kinds big, also have AC/AC DC/AC as inverter DC/DC converter is now realize modular, and design technology and production process at home and abroad, are mature and standardization, and has approved by users, but the AC/DC modular, because of its own characteristics in the process of making modular, meet more complex technology and craft manufacture problems. The following two types of switch power supply respectively on the structure and properties of this.Switching power supply is the development direction of high frequency, high reliability, low consumption, low noise, anti-jamming and modular. Because light switch power, small, thin key techniques are changed, so high overseas each big switch power supply manufacturer are devoted to the development of new high intelligent synchronous rectifier, especially the improvement of secondary devices of the device, and power loss of Zn ferrite (Mn) material? By increasing scientific and technological innovation, to enhance in high frequency and larger magnetic flux density (Bs) can get high magnetic under the miniaturization of, and capacitor is a key technology. SMT technology application makes switching power supply has made considerable progress, both sides in the circuitboard to ensure that decorate components of switch power supply light, small, thin. The high frequency switching power supply of the traditional PWM must innovate switch technology, to realize the ZCS ZVS, soft switch technology hasbecome the mainstream of switch power supply technical, and greatly improve the efficiency of switch power. For high reliability index, America's switch power producers, reduce by lowering operating current measures such as junction temperature of the device, in order to reduce stress the reliability of products made greatly increased.Modularity is of the general development of switch power supply trend can be modular power component distributed power system, can be designed to N + 1 redundant system, and realize the capacity expansion parallel. According to switch power running large noise this one defect, if separate the pursuit of high frequency noise will increase its with the partial resonance, and transform circuit technology, high frequency can be realized in theory and can reduce the noise, but part of the practical application of resonant conversion technology still have a technical problem, so in this area still need to carry out a lot of work, in order to make the technology to practional utilization.Power electronic technology unceasing innovation, switch power supply industry has broad prospects for development. To speed up the development of switch power industry in China, we must walk speed of technological innovation road, combination with Chinese characteristics in the joint development path, for I the high-speed development of national economy to make the contribution. The basic principle and component functionAccording to the control principle of switch power to classification, we have the following 3 kinds of work mode:1) pulse width adjustment type, abbreviation Modulation Pulse Width pulse width Modulation (PWM) type, abbreviation for. Its main characteristic is fixed switching frequency, pulse width to adjust by changing voltage 390v, realize the purpose. Its core is the pulse width modulator. Switch cycle for designing filter circuit fixed provided convenience. However, its shortcomings is influenced by the power switch conduction time limit minimum of output voltage cannot be wide range regulation; In addition, the output will take dummy loads commonly (also called pre load), in order to prevent the drag elevated when output voltage. At present, most ofthe integrated switch power adopt PWM way.2) pulse frequency Modulation mode pulse frequency Modulation (, referred to Pulse Frequency Modulation, abbreviation for PFM) type. Its characteristic is will pulse width fixed by changing switch frequency to adjust voltage 390v, realize the purpose. Its core is the pulse frequency modulator. Circuit design to use fixed pulse-width generator to replace the pulse width omdulatros and use sawtooth wave generator voltage？Frequency converter (for example VCO changes frequency VCO). It on voltage stability principle is: when the output voltage Uo rises, the output signal controller pulse width unchanged and cycle longer, make Uo 390v decreases, and reduction. PFM type of switch power supply output voltage range is very wide, output terminal don't meet dummy loads. PWM way and way of PFM respectively modulating waveform is shown in figure 1 (a), (b) shows, tp says pulse width (namely power switch tube conduction time tON), T represent cycle. It can be easy to see the difference between the two. But they have something in common: (1) all use time ratio control (TRC) on voltage stability principle, whether change tp, finally adjustment or T is pulse 390v. Although adopted in different ways, but control goals, is all rivers run into the sea. (2) when load by light weight, or input voltage respectively, from high changed by increasing the pulse width, higher frequency method to make the output voltage remained stable.3) mix modulation mode, it is to point to the pulse width and switching frequency is not fixed, each other can change, it belongs to the way the PWM and PFM blend mode. It contains a pulsewidthomdulatros and pulse frequency modulator. Because and T all can adjust alone, so occupies emptiescompared to adjust the most wide range, suitable for making the output voltage for laboratories that use a wide range of can adjust switching power supply. Above 3 work collectively referred to as "Time Ratio Control" (as a Control, from TRC) way. As noted, pulse width omdulatros either as a independent IC use (for example UC3842 type pulse width omdulatros), can also be integrated in DC/DC converter (for example LM2576 type switching voltage regulators integrated circuit), still can integration in AC/DC converter (for exampleTOP250 type monolithic integrated circuit switching power supply. Among them, the switching voltage regulators belong to DC/DC power converter, switching power supply general for AC/DC power converter.The typical structure of switch power as figure1shows, its working principle is: the first utility into power rectifier and filtering into high voltage dc and then through the switch circuit and high-frequency switch to high frequency low pressure pulse transformer, and then after rectification and filter circuits, finally output low voltage dc power. Meanwhile in the output parts have a circuit feedback to control circuit, through the control PWM occupies emptiescompared to achieve output voltage stability.Figure 1 typical structure of switch power supplySwitching power supply by these four components:1) the main circuit: exchange network input, from the main circuit to dc output. Mainly includes input filter, rectifier and filtering, inverter, and output rectifier and filtering.(1) input filter: its effect is the power grid existing clutter filtering, also hinder the machine produces clutter feedback to public power grid.(2) rectifier and filter: the power grid ac power directly for a smooth dc rectifier, for the next level transformation.(3) inverter: will the dc after rectifying a high-frequency ac, this is the core of high frequency switching power supply, the higher the frequency, the volume, weight and the ratio of power output and smaller.(4) Out put rectifier and filter: according to load needs, providing stable and reliable dc power supply. 2) control circuit: on the one hand, from the output bysampling with set standards to compare, and then to control inverter, changing its frequency or pulse width, achieve output stability, on the other hand, according to data provided by the test circuit, the protection circuit differential, provide control circuit to the machine to various protection measures. Including the output feedback circuit and sampling circuit, pulse width modulator. 3) the detection and protection circuit: detection circuit had current detection, over-voltage detection, owe voltage detection, overheat detection, etc.; Protection circuit can be divided over current protection, over-voltage protection, owe voltage protection, the ground-clamp protection, overheating protection, automatic restart, soft start, slow startup, etc. Various types. 4) Other circuit: if the sawtooth wave generator, offset circuit, optical coupler, etc.智能开关电源中文：随着电子技术的高速发展，电子系统的应用领域越来越广泛，电子设备的种类也越来越多，电子设备与人们的工作、生活的关系日益密切。
第2章 PEES 高频开关电源-2016
电力电子装置与系统—第2章 高频开关电源
2.1 高频开关电源概述
2、高频开关电源的基本组成
控制策略——PWM峰值电流控制模式
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2.1 高频开关电源概述
2、高频开关电源的基本组成
输入环节
输入整流滤波、输入浪涌电流抑制、瞬态电压抑制、线路滤波器
功率变换电路及高频变压器 控制策略
– PWM电压控制模式
– PWM峰值电流控制模式
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电力电子装置与系统—第2章 高频开关电源
2.1 高频开关电源概述
2、高频开关电源的基本组成
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电流控制模式原理图
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电力电子装置与系统—第2章 高频开关电源
第2章 高频开关电源
高频开关电源概述
发展概况、基本组成、控制方式
单端反激式开关电源
工作原理、典型电路
专用控制芯片、高频变压器的设计
高频开关电源实用技术
高频软开关、功率因数校正、电磁兼容性设计
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电力电子装置与系统—第2章 高频开关电源
史上最全的开关电源专业英语词汇
史上最全的开关电源专业英语词汇史上最全的开关电源专业英语词汇母线:Busbar输电线:TransmissionLine发电厂:power plant断路器:Breaker刀闸(隔离开关):Isolator分接头:tap电动机:motor状态参数有功:active power无功:reactive power电流:current容量:capacity电压:voltage档位:tap position有功损耗:reactive loss无功损耗:active loss功率因数:power-factor功率:power功角:power-angle电压等级:voltage grade空载损耗:no-load loss铁损:iron loss铜损:copper loss空载电流:no-load current阻抗:impedance正序阻抗:positive sequence impedance负序阻抗:negative sequence impedance零序阻抗:zero sequence impedance电阻:resistor电抗:reactance电导:conductance电纳:susceptance无功负载:reactive load 或者QLoad有功负载: active load PLoad遥测:YC(telemetering)遥信:YX励磁电流(转子电流):magnetizing current定子:stator功角:power-angle上限:upper limit下限:lower limit并列的:apposable高压: high voltage低压:low voltage中压:middle voltage电力系统 power system发电机 generator励磁 excitation励磁器 excitor电压 voltage电流 current母线 bus变压器 transformer升压变压器 step-up transformer高压侧 high side输电系统 power transmission system输电线 transmission line固定串联电容补偿fixed series capacitor compensation稳定 stability电压稳定 voltage stability功角稳定 angle stability暂态稳定 transient stability电厂 power plant能量输送 power transfer交流 AC装机容量 installed capacity电网 power system落点 drop point开关站 switch station双回同杆并架double-circuit lines on the same tower变电站 transformer substation补偿度 degree of compensation高抗 high voltage shunt reactor无功补偿reactive power compensation故障 fault调节 regulation裕度 magin三相故障 three phase fault故障切除时间 fault clearing time极限切除时间 critical clearing time切机 generator triping高顶值 high limited value强行励磁 reinforced excitation线路补偿器LDC(line drop compensation)机端 generator terminal静态 static (state)动态 dynamic (state)单机无穷大系统 one machine - infinity bus system机端电压控制 AVR电抗 reactance电阻 resistance功角 power angle有功(功率) active power无功(功率) reactive power功率因数 power factor无功电流 reactive current下降特性 droop characteristics斜率 slope额定 rating变比 ratio参考值 reference value电压互感器 PT分接头 tap下降率 droop rate仿真分析 simulation analysis传递函数 transfer function框图 block diagram受端 receive-side裕度 margin同步 synchronization失去同步 loss of synchronization 阻尼 damping摇摆 swing保护断路器 circuit breaker电阻:resistance电抗:reactance阻抗:impedance电导:conductance电纳:susceptance导纳:admittance电感:inductance电容: capacitance电源英语词汇(三)coupling 耦合intermittent 周期的dislocation 错位propeller 螺旋桨switchgear 配电装置dispersion 差量flange 法兰盘dielectric 介电的binder 胶合剂alignment 定位elastomer 合成橡胶corollary 必然的结果rabbet 插槽vent 通风孔subtle 敏感的gearbox 变速箱plate 电镀crucial 决定性的flexible 柔性的technics 工艺ultimate 最终的resilience 弹性vendor 自动售货机partition 分类rigid 刚性的prototype 样机diagram 特性曲线interfere 干涉compatible 兼容的simulation 模拟clutch 离合器refinement 精加工fixture 夹具torque 扭矩responsive 敏感的tensile 拉伸cushion 减震器rib 肋strength 强度packing 包装metallized 金属化stress 应力mitigate 减轻trade off 折衷方案yield 屈伸line shaft 中间轴matrix 母体inherent 固有的spindle 主轴aperture 孔径conformance 适应性axle 心轴turbulence 扰动specification 规范semipermanent 半永久性的enclosure 机壳specialization 规范化bolt 螺栓oscillation 振幅calling 职业nut 螺母anneal 退火vitalize 激发screw 螺丝polymer 聚合体revelation 揭示fastner 紧固件bind 凝固dissemination 分发rivit 铆钉mount 支架booster 推进器hub 轴套distortion 变形contractual 契约的coaxial 同心的module 模块verdict 裁决crank 曲柄slide 滑块malfunction 故障inertia 惰性medium 介质allegedly 假定active 活性的dissipation 损耗controversy 辩论lubrication 润滑assembly 总装dictate 支配graphite 石墨encapsulate 封装incumbent 义不容辞的derivative 派生物adhesive 粘合剂validation 使生效contaminate 沾染turbine 涡轮procurement 收购asperity 粗糙bearing 支撑架mortality 失败率metalworking 金属加工isostatic 均衡的shed light on 阐明viscous 粘稠的osculate 接触adversely 有害的grinding 研磨imperative 强制的consistency 连续性corrosin 侵蚀lattice 晶格fitness 适应性flush 冲洗fracture 断裂warrant 保证inhibitor 防腐剂diffusivity 扩散率turning 车工dispersant 分散剂vice versa 反之亦然ways 导轨deteriorate 降低tribological 摩擦的hybrid 混合物neutralize 平衡screen 屏蔽ID=inside diameterpulley 滑轮exclusion 隔绝OD=outside diameter hydraulic 液压的insulation 绝缘reciprocate 往复运动delicate 精密的elaborate 加工dress 精整dampen 阻尼incontrovertible 无可争议的by and large 大体上pivotal 中枢的luminous 发光的plastic 塑胶utilitarian 功利主义out of round 失园organic 有机的grass root 基层premature 过早的film 薄膜state-of-the -art 技术发展水平guard 防护罩polyester 聚酯blade 托板permeate 渗入epoxy 环氧的carrier 载体spillage 溢出polypropylene 聚丙烯chuck 卡盘erosion 浸蚀photoconductive 光敏的infeed 横向进给routine 程序miniaturization 小型化lapping 抛光postprocess 后置处理asynchronism 异步milling 洗削solder-bump 焊点synchronization 同步speciality 专业grid 栅格respond 响应stroke 行程impedance 阻抗feedback 反馈attachment 备件approximately 大约aberrance 畸变tapered 楔形的purported 据说steady 稳态的casting 铸件consumable 消费品dynamic 动态的index 换档inductance 电感transient 瞬态的stop 挡块capacitance 电容coordinate 坐标contour 轮廓resistance 电容curve 曲线machine center 加工中心audion 三极管diagram 特性曲线capitalize 投资diode 二极管history 关系曲线potentiometer 电位器transistor 晶体管gradient 斜率know-how 实践知识choker 扼流圈parabola 抛物线potted 封装的filter 滤波器root 根mechatronics 机电一体化transformer 变压器eigenvalue 特征值stem from 起源于fuse 保险丝function 函数rule-based 基于规则的annular core 磁环vector 向量consolidation 巩固radiator 散热器reciprocal 倒数energize 激发regulator 稳压器virtual value 有效值synchronous 同时发生bobbin 骨架square root 平方根socket 插孔tape 胶带cube 立方polarity 极性ceramic capacitor 瓷片电容integral 积分armature 电枢electrolytic C 电解电容differential 微分installment 分期付款self-tapping screw 自攻螺丝hisgram 直方图lobe 凸起footprint 封装ratio 比率plunge 钻入resin 松香grade down 成比例降低servo 伺服机构solderability 可焊性proportion 比例dedicated 专用的shock 机械冲击inverse ratio 反比interpolation 插补endurance 耐久性direct ratio 正比compensation 校正initial value 初始值plus 加upload 加载flashing 飞弧subtract 减overload 过载canned 千篇一律的multiply 乘lightload 轻载lot 抽签divide 除stagger 交错排列parallel 并联impedance 阻抗traverse 横向in series 串联damp 阻尼longitudinal 纵向的equivalent 等效的reactance 电抗latitudinal 横向的terminal 终端admittance 导纳restrain 约束creep 蠕动susceptance 电纳square 平方Hyperlink 超级连接spring 触发memo 备忘录wastage 损耗presentation 陈述principle 原理binder 打包planer 刨床source program 源程序Client-Server Model客户机server 服务器table 表query 查询form 表单report 报表macro 宏module 模块field 字段record 记录。
电气类外文翻译---- 开关电源的发展
外文资料译文THE DEVELOPMENT OF SWITCHING POWER 1955 United States Royer (GH.Roger) invented the transistor single push-pull oscillation transformer DC-DC converter, frequency conversion control circuit to achieve the beginning of 1957, the United States Charles race (Jen Sen) invented the self-excited push-pull double transformer, in 1964 U.S. scientists have proposed to abolish the frequency transformer switching power supply series idea, which is the power to decline in volume and weight were a fundamental way. To 1969 because of pressure to improve high-power silicon transistors, diode reverse recovery time shortened components to improve, and finally made a 25 kHz switching power supply. At present, switching power supply to small, light weight and high efficiency characteristics are widely used in a variety of computer-driven devices, communications equipment, etc. Almost all the electronic equipment is the rapid development of today's electronic information industry, an indispensable Power Source. Currently on the market the use of switching power bipolar transistors made of 100kHz, 500kHz with a power MOSFET made, Although practical, its frequency needs to be improved. To improve the switching frequency, it is necessary to reduce switching losses, and to reduce switching losses, it needs high-speed switching components. However, the switching speed of the increase will be distributed by the circuit inductance and capacitance, or diode stored charge of the generated surge or noise. This will not only affect nearby electronic equipment, will greatly reduce the reliability of power supply itself. Which, with the switch to prevent Kai - closed by the voltage surge occurs, can use RC or LC buffer, while the stored charge from the diode can be used due to current surges such as core made of amorphous magnetic buffer .However, for more than 1MHz frequency, resonant circuit to be used to make the switch voltage or current through the switch was a sine wave, this can reduce the switching losses, but also to control the occurrence of surge. This switch is called resonant switch. Current switching power supply of this very active, because this approach does not require substantial increase in switching speed can be reduced theoretically to zero switching losses and noise are small, is expected to be of a high-frequency switching power supply main ways. At present, many countries are working on a few trillion Hz, the practical application of converter.Switching power supply direction of development is high-frequency, high reliability, low power, low noise, interference and modular. Oxygen material increase scientific and technological innovation to enhance the high frequency and higher magnetic flux density (Bs) obtained a high magnetic properties, while the small capacitor is a key technology. SMT technology allows switching power supply hasmade considerable progress, both sides of the circuit board layout components to ensure that the switching power supply of light, small, thin. High frequency switching power supply will be bound to the traditional PWM switching technology innovation, realization of ZVS, ZCS soft switching power supply switching technology has become the mainstream technology, and a substantial increase in the switching power supply efficiency.For high reliability, the U.S. manufacturer of switching power supply by reducing operating current to reduce junction temperature and other measures to reduce the stress of the device makes the improved reliability of products.Modular switching power supply is the general trend of development can be composed of modular power distributed power systems can be designed to N +1 redundant power systems, and parallel way to achieve the capacity expansion. Switching power supply noise for the big run this shortcoming, if the individual pursuit of its high-frequency noise will also increase with, while using some of the resonant converter circuit technology, in theory, but also can reduce the high frequency of the noise, but some the practical application of resonant conversion technology, there are still technical problems, it still required much work in this area in order to make the technology to practical use.With the power electronics technology development, switching power supply industry has a bright future. Switching power supply industry in China should speed up the pace of development, we must take the technical innovation, out of the Industry and Academia with Chinese characteristics development road, as the rapid development of our national economy to contribute.开关电源的发展1955年美国罗耶（GH.Roger)发明的自激振荡推挽晶体管单变压器直流变换器，是实现高频转换控制电路的开端，1957年美国查赛（Jen Sen)发明了自激式推挽双变压器，1964年美国科学家们提出取消工频变压器的串联开关电源的设想，这对电源向体积和重量的下降获得了一条根本的途径。
开关电源外文翻译()
开关电源外文翻译()————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：Modeling, Simulation, and Reduction of Conducted Electromagnetic Interference Due to a PWM Buck Type Switching Power Supply IA. FarhadiAbstract:Undesired generation of radiated or conducted energy in electrical systems is called Electromagnetic Interference (EMI). High speed switching frequency in power electronics converters especially in switching power supplies improves efficiency but leads to EMI. Different kind of conducted interference, EMI regulations and conducted EMI measurement are introduced in this paper. Compliancy with national or international regulation is called Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC). Power electronic systems producers must regard EMC. Modeling and simulation is the first step of EMC evaluation. EMI simulation results due to a PWM Buck type switching power supply are presented in this paper. To improve EMC, some techniques are introduced and their effectiveness proved by simulation.Index Terms:Conducted, EMC, EMI, LISN, Switching SupplyI. INTRODUCTIONFAST semiconductors make it possible to have high speed and high frequency switching in power electronics []1. High speed switching causes weight and volume reduction of equipment, but some unwanted effects such as radio frequency interference appeared []2. Compliance with electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) regulations is necessary for producers to present their products to the markets. It is important to take EMC aspects already in design phase []3. Modeling and simulation is the most effective tool to analyze EMC consideration before developing the products. A lot of the previous studies concerned the low frequency analysis of power electronics components []4[]5. Different types of power electronics converters are capable to be considered as source of EMI. They could propagate the EMI in both radiated and conducted forms. Line Impedance Stabilization Network (LISN) is required for measurement and calculation of conducted interference level []6. Interference spectrum at the output of LISN is introduced as the EMC evaluation criterion []7[]8. National or international regulations are the references for the evaluation of equipment in point of view of EMC []7[]8.II. SOURCE, PATH AND VICTIM OF EMIUndesired voltage or current is called interference and their cause is called interferencesource. In this paper a high-speed switching power supply is the source of interference.Interference propagated by radiation in area around of an interference source or by conduction through common cabling or wiring connections. In this study conducted emission is considered only. Equipment such as computers, receivers, amplifiers, industrial controllers, etc that are exposed to interference corruption are called victims. The common connections of elements, source lines and cabling provide paths for conducted noise or interference. Electromagnetic conducted interference has two components as differential mode and common mode []9.A. Differential mode conducted interferenceThis mode is related to the noise that is imposed between different lines of a test circuit by a noise source. Related current path is shown in Fig. 1 []9. The interference source, path impedances, differential mode current and load impedance are also shown in Fig. 1.B. Common mode conducted interferenceCommon mode noise or interference could appear and impose between the lines, cables or connections and common ground. Any leakage current between load and common ground could be modeled by interference voltage source.and Fig. 2 demonstrates the common mode interference source, common mode currents Icm1 and the related current paths[]9.The power electronics converters perform as noise source Icm2between lines of the supply network. In this study differential mode of conducted interference is particularly important and discussion will be continued considering this mode only.III. ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY REGULATIONS Application of electrical equipment especially static power electronic converters in different equipment is increasing more and more. As mentioned before, power electronics converters are considered as an important source of electromagnetic interference and have corrupting effects on the electric networks []2. High level of pollution resulting from various disturbances reduces the quality of power in electric networks. On the other side some residential, commercial and especially medical consumers are so sensitive to power system disturbances including voltage and frequency variations. The best solution to reduce corruption and improve power quality is complying national or international EMC regulations. CISPR, IEC, FCC and VDE are among the most famous organizations from Europe, USA and Germany who are responsible for determining and publishing the most important EMC regulations. IEC and VDE requirement and limitations on conducted emission are shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 []7[]9.For different groups of consumers different classes of regulations could be complied. Class A for common consumers and class B with more hard limitations for special consumers are separated in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4. Frequency range of limitation is different for IEC and VDE that are 150 kHz up to 30 MHz and 10 kHz up to 30 MHz respectively. Compliance of regulations isevaluated by comparison of measured or calculated conducted interference level in the mentioned frequency range with the stated requirements in regulations. In united European community compliance of regulation is mandatory and products must have certified label to show covering of requirements []8.IV. ELECTROMAGNETIC CONDUCTED INTERFERENCE MEASUREMENTA. Line Impedance Stabilization Network (LISN)1-Providing a low impedance path to transfer power from source to power electronics converter and load.2-Providing a low impedance path from interference source, here power electronics converter, to measurement port.Variation of LISN impedance versus frequency with the mentioned topology is presented inFig. 7. LISN has stabilized impedance in the range of conducted EMI measurement []7.Variation of level of signal at the output of LISN versus frequency is the spectrum of interference. The electromagnetic compatibility of a system can be evaluated by comparison of its interference spectrum with the standard limitations. The level of signal at the output of LISN in frequency range 10 kHz up to 30 MHz or 150 kHz up to 30 MHz is criterion of compatibility and should be under the standard limitations. In practical situations, the LISN output is connected to a spectrum analyzer and interference measurement is carried out. But for modeling and simulation purposes, the LISN output spectrum is calculated using appropriate software.For a simple fixed frequency PWM controller that is applied to a Buck DC/DC converter, it is) changes slow with respect to the switching frequency, the possible to assume the error voltage (vepulse width and hence the duty cycle can be approximated by (1). Vp is the saw tooth waveform amplitude.A. PWM waveform spectral analysisThe normalized pulse train m (t) of Fig. 8 represents PWM switch current waveform. The nth pulse of PWM waveform consists of a fixed component D/fs , in which D is the steady state duty cycle, and a variable component dn/f sthat represents the variation of duty cycle due to variation of source, reference and load.As the PWM switch current waveform contains information concerning EMI due to powersupply, it is required to do the spectrum analysis of this waveform in the frequency range of EMI studies. It is assumed that error voltage varies around V e with amplitude of V e1 as is shown in (2).fm represents the frequency of error voltage variation due to the variations of source, reference and load. The interception of the error voltage variation curve and the saw tooth waveform with switching frequency, leads to (3) for the computation of duty cycle coefficients []10.Maximum variation of pulse width around its steady state value of D is limited to D1. In each period of Tm=1/fm , there will be r=fs/fm pulses with duty cycles of dn. Equation (4) presents the Fourier series coefficients Cn of the PWM waveform m (t). Which have the frequency spectrum of Fig.9.B-Equivalent noise circuit and EMI spectral analysisTo attain the equivalent circuit of Fig.6 the voltage source Vs is replaced by short circuit and) as it has shown in Fig. 10. converter is replaced by PWM waveform switch current (IexThe transfer function is defined as the ratio of the LISN output voltage to the EMI current source as in (5).The coefficients di, ni (i = 1, 2, … , 4) correspond to the parameters of the equivalent circuit. Rc and Lc are respectively the effective series resistance (ESR) and inductance (ESL) of the filter capacitor Cf that model the non-ideality of this element. The LISN and filter parameters are as follows: CN = 100 nF, r = 5 Ω, l = 50 uH, RN =50 Ω, LN=250 uH, Lf = 0, Cf =0, Rc= 0, Lc= 0, fs =25 kHzThe EMI spectrum is derived by multiplication of the transfer function and the source noise spectrum. Simulation results are shown in Fig. 11.VI. PARAMETERS AFFECTION ON EMIA. Duty CycleThe pulse width in PWM waveform varies around a steady state D=0.5. The output noise spectrum was simulated with values of D=0.25 and 0.75 that are shown in Fig. 12 and Fig. 13. Even harmonics are increased and odd ones are decreased that is desired in point of view of EMC.On the other hand the noise energy is distributed over a wider range of frequency and the level of EMI decreased []11.B. Amplitude of duty cycle variationThe maximum pulse width variation is determined by D1. The EMI spectrum was simulatedwith D1=0.05. Simulations are repeated with D1=0.01 and 0.25 and the results are shown in Fig.14and Fig.15.Increasing of D1 leads to frequency modulation of the EMI signal and reduction in level of conducted EMI. Zooming of Fig. 15 around 7th component of switching frequency in Fig. 16 shows the frequency modulation clearly.C. Error voltage frequencyThe main factor in the variation of duty cycle is the variation of source voltage. The fm=100 Hz ripple in source voltage is the inevitable consequence of the usage of rectifiers. The simulation is repeated in the frequency of fm=5000 Hz. It is shown in Fig. 17 that at a higher frequency for fm the noise spectrum expands in frequency domain and causes smaller level of conducted EMI. On the other hand it is desired to inject a high frequency signal to the reference voltage intentionally.D. Simultaneous effect of parametersSimulation results of simultaneous application of D=0.75, D1=0.25 and fm=5000 Hz that leadto expansion of EMI spectrum over a wider frequencies and considerable reduction in EMI level is shown in Fig. 18.VII. CONCLUSIONAppearance of Electromagnetic Interference due to the fast switching semiconductor devices performance in power electronics converters is introduced in this paper. Radiated and conducted interference are two types of Electromagnetic Interference where conducted type is studied in this paper. Compatibility regulations and conducted interference measurement were explained. LISN as an important part of measuring process besides its topology, parameters and impedance were described. EMI spectrum due to a PWM Buck type DC/DC converter was considered and simulated. It is necessary to present mechanisms to reduce the level of Electromagnetic interference. It shown that EMI due to a PWM Buck type switching power supply could be reduced by controlling parameters such as duty cycle, duty cycle variation and reference voltage frequency.VIII. REFRENCES[1] Mohan, Undeland, and Robbins, “Power Electronics Converters, Applications and Design” 3rdedition, John Wiley & Sons, 2003.[2] P. Moy, “EMC Related Issues for Power Electronics”, IEEE, Automotive Pow er Electronics, 1989, 28-29 Aug. 1989 pp. 46 – 53.[3] M. J. Nave, “Prediction of Conducted Interference in Switched Mode Power Supplies”, Session 3B, IEEE International Symp. on EMC, 1986.[4] Henderson, R. D. and Rose, P. J., “Harmonics and their Effec ts on Power Quality and Transformers”, IEEE Trans. On Ind. App., 1994, pp. 528-532.[5] I. Kasikci, “A New Method for Power Factor Correction and Harmonic Elimination in Power System”, Proceedings of IEEE Ninth International Conference on Harmonics and Q uality of Power, Volume 3, pp. 810 – 815, Oct. 2000.[6] M. J. Nave, “Line Impedance Stabilization Networks: Theory and Applications”, RFI/EMI Corner, April 1985, pp. 54-56.[7] T. Williams, “EMC for Product Designers” 3rd edition 2001 Newnes.[8] B. Ke isier, “Principles of Electromagnetic Compatibility”, 3rd edition ARTECH HOUSE 1987.[9] J. C. Fluke, “Controlling Conducted Emission by Design”, Vanhostrand Reinhold 1991.[10] M. Daniel,”DC/DC Switching Regulator Analysis”, McGrawhill 1988[11] M. J. Nave,” The Effect of Duty Cycle on SMPS Common Mode Emission: theory and experiment”, IEEE National Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility, Page(s): 211-216, 23-25 May 1989.作者：A. Farhadi国籍：伊朗出处：基于压降型PWM开关电源的建模、仿真和减少传导性电磁干扰IIA. Farhadi作者：A. Farhadi国籍：伊朗出处：摘要：电子设备之中杂乱的辐射或者能量叫做电磁干扰(EMI)。
高频开关电路原理_翻译
High-frequency switching powersupply circuit of high frequency switching power supply from the following components:first a main circuit from the exchange network input, DC output of the entire process, including : an import filter : its role is to network the clutter filtration, but also hindered the plane of the clutter feedback to the public grid. 2, rectifier and filter : direct AC power rectifier for smoother DC, for under a transformation. 3, the inverter : Rectifier the high frequency alternating current into direct current, high-frequency switching power supply is the core component of the higher frequency, size, weight and output ratio smaller. 4, and the rectifier output filter : Under load the need to provide stable and reliable DC power supply.second, the control circuit while output from the sample, with the set standards, then controlled inverter, change its frequency or pulse width output achieve stability, on the other hand, according to test data provided by the circuit by circuit protection identification, Control circuit for the unit for various protection measures.Third, in addition to providing detection circuit protection circuit is running various parameters, but also provide information display instruments.Fourth, the auxiliary power supply circuit for the single power supply to the different requirements.Switching regulator control principleSwitching Control Switching Regulators K principle to a certain time interval repeatedly connected and disconnected, connected to the switch K, Input voltage E and K through switching circuit filter to load RL, the entire switch connected, Power E to provide energy load; When K disconnect switch, the input power is interrupted E. energy delivery. This shows that the importation of power to provide energy load is intermittent, for the load can be provided for the energy, Switching power supply must be a set of storage devices, the switches will be connected to a part of the energy stored in the switch disconnected. Load to the release. Map from the inductance L, capacitance diode D and C2 components of the circuit, it is such a function. Inductor L for energy storage in switch disconnected, stored in the inductor L of energy release through diodes D to load, so that load is continuous and stable energy, diode D enable continuous load current, known as the continued flow diode. AB in the average voltage EAB can be given by : EAB=TON/T*E where TON connected to the switch each time, T-off switch for the cycle (that is, access time TON switch and turn-off time and TOFF''s). - We can see from the change switch connected to the work cycle time and the ratio of the voltage between the AB average change also, therefore, With the load and input supply voltage changes and automatically adjust TON T ratio, it will cause the output voltage V0 unchanged. Change the access time and cycle TON percentage change is the pulse duty cycle. This method, known as "time ratio control" (Time Ratio Control, for the initials TRC). TRC under control principle, there are three ways : 1. Pulse width modulation (Pulse Width Modulation, acronym for PWM) switching constant cycle by changing the pulse width to change the duty cycle approaches. 2, pulse frequency modulation (Pulse Frequency Modulation, acronym for the PFM) conduction pulse width constant by changing the switching frequency to change the duty cycle approaches. 3, mixed conduction modulation and pulse width switching frequency notfixed are, they change the way It is more than two hybrid models.SMPS developments and trends in the United States in 1955 Roje (GH.Roger) invention of the self-excited oscillation push redeem transistor single transformer DC converters, high-frequency conversion is the beginning of control circuit, 1957 United States investigation tournament (Jen Sen) since the invention of the push-pull double Flyback transformers, 1964 American scientists proposes to abolish the frequency transformer series switching power supply scenario, This power to the right size and weight of the decline was a fundamental way. To the 1969 high-power silicon transistor because the pressure increase diode reverse recovery time shortened, and other components improve, and finally turned into a 25 kHz switching power supply.Currently, switching power supply to small, Light volume and the characteristics of high efficiency has been widely used in electronic computer-driven variety of terminal equipment, Communications equipment almost all electronic equipment, the electronic information industry indispensable to the rapid development of a power mode. Currently the market for sale in the switching power supply using bipolar transistors made of 100kHz. use made of 500kHz MOS power, though practical, but its frequency to be further enhanced. To improve the switching frequency, it is necessary to reduce the switching loss, and to reduce the switching loss, you need to have high-speed switching devices. However, the switching speed, will be affected by the circuit inductance and capacitance diode or stored charge arising from the impact of the surge or noise. This will not only affect the surrounding electronic equipment, but also greatly reduce the reliability of the power supply itself. Among them, with the switch to prevent Kai-closed by the voltage surge, it is R-C or L-C Composite bumpers, and the storage charge by the diode current surge caused by the use made of amorphous cores such as magnetic bumper. However, the high frequency of 1 MHz and above, using resonant circuit, Switch to enable the voltage or current through the switch was a sine, which could reduce the switching loss, This can also control the surge occurred. Switches such as resonant mode switching. Currently such SMPS of very active, because this means no significant increase switching speed can theoretically put switching loss fall to zero. and the noise is small, is expected to become high-frequency switching power supply of one of the main ways. At present, many countries in the world are working on several trillion Hz converter practical research.高频开关电源的电路原理高频开关电源的电路由以下部分组成:一、主电路从交流电网输入，直流输出的全过程，包括:1、输入过滤器:它的作用是网络的杂波过滤,并且阻碍公共输电网的杂波反馈给平面。
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The Introduction OfHigh Frequency Switching Power SupplyIntroduction:High frequency switching power supply (also called switch rectifier SMR) through the MOSFET or the high frequency IGBT, switch frequency control in 50-100 KHZ, within the scope of efficient and realize miniaturization. In recent years, switch rectifier power capacity expansion, the capacity of himself, from the volt 48V/12.5A、48V/20A to48V/200A、48V/400A。
High frequency switching power supply is traditional rectifier (silicon rectifier, silicon-controlled rectifier) upgrade alternative products. High frequency switching power supply with convenient use, small size, high efficiency, stable work, coating meticulous etc absolute superiority quickly dominate the market. Widely used in electroplating electrolysis surface treatment industry oxidation and get old and new customers.Product features:一．This product USES imported brand components and international advanced bridge in precision machining technology of inverter, and make the performance is stable, the quality is reliable.二．For high-frequency pulse waveforms output ripple coefficient, the 1%, can improve the number of plating and surface aestivation, refuse the gloss and got a dark corner of plating. And can reduce the loss, raw materials of plating industry of special requirements.三．SFG series high frequency switching power supply by air-filled type design, installation convenience. With remote control device, easy for operation. Can bring load switch machine, reduce the adjustment of the complex procedures.四. Small volume light weight the comprehensive use of anticorrosive craft,enhance the ability of anti-corrosion products, prolong the life.五. Energy saving, high working efficiency reached more than 90%, any more than a linear always voltage matching. Save the traditional rectifier regulator and the energy loss, in more than 35%, greatly reduce the cost, the reason of surface treatment industryHigh frequency switching power supply一．The main circuitFrom the input and output of dc exchange network, including:1．The whole the effect is input filter: there will be the clutter power filter, also hindered the feedback to produce clutter of public power.2．And rectification and filtering: ac power grid directly to a smooth dc rectification, in order to the next level.3．Inverter: after rectifying dc into high frequency alternating, this is the core part of switch power supply, the higher the frequency volume, and weight and output power than smaller.4．And output rectifier and filtering: according to provide reliable, load of the dc power supply.Second control circuit：On one hand, the sample from the output terminal with setting standards, and then compared to control the inverter, change the frequency or pulse width, achieve output stability, on the other hand, according to the test circuit, the information provided by differential protection circuit, control circuit of various protection measures.Third detection circuit：In addition to providing protection circuit is running in the various parameters but also provide various display meter data.Four, the auxiliary powerTo provide all the different requirements of a circuit switching voltage control principleSwitch to certain time interval K repeatedly through and disconnect the switch, the power input, K E through switch and filter circuits provide load RL, throughout theswitch power load during to provide energy, E, When the switch, input power disconnection K E will provide energy interrupted. Visible, to provide the energy input power load is intermittent, for the load can be provided for energy switching power supply, a storage device, must be in switch will be part of the energy stored in the switch to load, release. In the figure, the inductance and capacitance C2 and diode L circuit, is composed of D this function. Inductance used in storing energy, l., and stored in the switch of energy through the diode inductance L D, released to load get steady and continuous energy, because diode D make continuous load current, so called free-wheeling diode. In EAB average voltage between AB says: under the type used:EAB = TON/T * EFor every TON of time, the switch to switch the huge T works cycle (i.e. switch time TON TOFF cut-off time and sum).By type, changing switch time and work cycle, the ratio between the average voltage AB also changed, therefore, with the load and the input voltage changes automatically adjusted TON and the proportion of T he can make the output voltage V0 remain unchanged. Change through Time and work cycle TON of pulse that changing proportion of this method, SHCH as "Time Ratio Control" (from Time, abbreviation for TRC).According to the control principle TRC have three ways:A Pulse Width Modulation (Pulse Width Modulation, the abbreviation for PWM) Switch is constant, by changing the pulse width to change the way SHCH. Second, Pulse Frequency, Pulse Modulation (some Modulation abbreviated PFM) The constant change of the pulse width, through the working frequency switches to change the way SHCH.Third, mix modulationConduction pulse width and switch jobs are not fixed frequency, each other can change the way, and it is more than two ways of mixed.High frequency switching power supply [1] don't need to increase speed switches cantheoretically the switch loss to zero, and noise is smallThe development of switch powerSwitching power supply for has the advantages of small size, light weight, high efficiency, low calorific value and stable performance advantages and gradually replace traditional manufacturing technology of continuous work power, and widely used in electronic machine and equipment. In the 1980s, the full realization of computer, the switching power supply complete computer. In the 1990s, switch power supply in electronics, electrical equipment, and home appliance field has been widely applied; switch power technology into rapid development.Switching voltage stabilizer adopts power semiconductor as switch, through the control switch SHCH adjustment output voltage. In power transistors (GTR), for example, when a switch tube saturated conductivity, the collector and emitter on both ends of the pressure drop to zero, When the switch tube, the collector current deadline to zero. So the consumption, efficiency can be up to 70-95. While consumption also decrease. Radiator switching voltage stabilizer for grid voltage directly rectifier, filter, and then adjusted by adjusting voltage switch pipe, need not power transformer. In addition, switch frequency for dozens of KHZ, filter capacitor, inductor value. Therefore switching power supply is light weight, small size, etc.In addition, due to the low consumption, low temperature; improve the stability and reliability of the machine. And on the grid adaptive capability has increased, the average power serial Manos tat allows for 220 ± 10% fluctuate, but switching voltage stabilizer in voltage in a 110-260 volts range change, can obtain stable output voltage.The high frequency switching power supply is the development of technology innovation technology, high frequency of the benefit is that switching power supply device to miniaturization, and make an unprecedented power switch into a wide range of areas, especially in the high-tech fields of application, promote the high-tech products of miniaturization, light. Now on the market of switch power supply power tube with a bipolar transistor, switch frequency can reach several KHZ, The switch power MOSFET using frequency conversion of hundreds of KHZ. To improve theswitch frequency, must adopt high speed switching devices. For the power switch frequency than MHZ available resonant circuit this way of working is called resonant switching mode.It can greatly improve switch speed, theoretically switch loss to zero, the noise is small, and it is to improve the working frequency of switch power. By way of resonant switching converter has practical level MHZ. Pursuit of switch power supply technical development trend and can be summarized in the following four aspects.A miniaturization, thin, light, high frequency switching power supply of -- of volume, weight is mainly composed of storage devices (magnetic components and capacitance), so the miniaturization of switch power supply is essentially to minimize the volume of storage devices, In a certain range, the switch frequency, not only can effectively reduce capacitance and inductance and the size of the transformer, but also can restrain the interference, improve the dynamic performance of the system. Therefore, high frequency switching power is the main development direction.Second, high reliability - the use of switch power supply for a job than components ten times, thus increasing the reliability. From the Angle of life, capacitors, optical coupler and platoon devices such as life determines the communication power of life. So, from design, use less as far as possible, improve integration. Such not only solved the reliability of complex, the circuit, also increases protection function, simplify the circuit improve MTBF.Third, low noise - one of switch power supply noise is. Simply pursuit of high frequency and noise also is met subsequently increased. The partial resonant converting circuit technology, in principle on which can not only improve the frequency and can reduce the noise. So, as far as possible to reduce the noise influence of switch power supply is a development direction.Four, using computer aided design and control -- USES the latest technology design CDD CAA and transformation of topology and the best parameters, make the switch power structure and the best condition. Jane, in the circuit into microcomputers detection and control, monitoring system, can form multi-function real-time detection, record and automatic alarm and etc.The development of switch power supply is and semiconductor devices and the development of magnetic components. The high frequency, need corresponding high-speed semiconductorA high-frequency electromagnetic with excellent performance. Development power MOSFET, IGBT etc, develop new high-speed device with low frequency magnetic materials, improving the loss of magnetic components of the structure and the design method, enhances the filter capacitor dielectric constant and reduce its equivalent series resistor etc, to switch power miniaturization has produced a great impetus高频开关电源介绍简介高频开关电源(也称为开关型整流器SMR)通过MOSFET或IGBT的高频工作，开关频率一般控制在50-100kHz范围内，实现高效率和小型化。