冷链物流的参考文献

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A地冷链物流运输安全研究-文献综述

文献综述冷链物流运输安全研究1 关于冷链物流研究的历史回顾物流概念于20世纪70年代末由日本传入我国，国内对物流研究只有30年的历史。

而对冷链物流的研究则更晚，冷链物流的大量研究成果还是出现在2000年以后。

从这些文献来看，主要形成了以下几方面的研究成果。

1.1物流的起源1915年，美国学者阿奇·萧在《市场流通中的若干问题》(Some Problem in MarketDistribution)中提出“Physical Distribution”(简称PD)概念，是目前学术界公认的最早的物流概念。

1935年，美国市场营销协会（American Market Association，AMA）在《市场营销用语集》中对物流的定义：“流是包含于销售之中的物质资料和服务于从生产地点到消费点流动过程中伴随的种种经济活动”。

1954年，AMA对物流的定义为：“所谓物流，就是物质资料从生产阶段移动到消费者或利用者手里，并对该移动过程进行管理”。

1962年，德鲁克提出“物流是经济界的黑暗大陆”的论断，物流成为企业挖掘利润源泉最重要的一块阵地。

1967年，美国国家配送管理协会(National Council of Physical Distribution Management，NCPDM)对物流的定义：“所谓物流，就是产成品从生产线的终点有效地移动到消费者手里的广范围的活动，有时包括从原材料的供给源到生产线的始点的移动”。

1974年，美国鲍尔索克斯在《物流管理》中，对物流的定义：“以卖主为起点将原材料、零部件与制成品在各个企业之间有策略地加以流转，最后到达用户，期间所需要的一切活动的管理过程”。

1.2 冷链物流的起源冷链物流起源于19世纪上半叶冷冻机的发明，后又随着电冰箱的出现，各种保鲜盒冷冻食品开始陆续进入市场和消费者家庭。

20世纪30年代后，欧美的主要是食品冷链体系已经初步建立。

40年代，欧洲的冷链虽然在二战中被摧毁，但战后又很快重建。

寿光蔬菜的冷链物流研究(参考文献修订版)

寿光蔬菜的冷链物流研究李永开王淑云（烟台大学经济与工商管理学院，264005）[摘要]寿光市蔬菜经济发达，是全国闻名的蔬菜之乡。

现如今蔬菜冷链物流的滞后却制约着寿光经济的快速发展。

本文首先介绍了寿光蔬菜经济的现状。

然后，通过SWOT分析发现：寿光的蔬菜产业优势明显而冷链体系不足，冷链蔬菜前景广阔而市场竞争激烈。

最后，在此基础上提出了四项对策建议：建设物流渠道例如多温共配，发展动态信息采集技术与MAP保鲜技术，提升物流服务，完善“绿色通道”。

[关键词] 寿光蔬菜；冷链；SWOT分析；多温共配冷链物流（Cold Chain Logistics），也叫低温物流（Low-temperature Logistics ）是一种特殊物流形式，其主要对象是易腐食品（包括原料及产品），所以国外普遍称其为易腐食品冷藏链（Perishable Food Cold Chain）。

冷链物流是指以冷冻工艺学为基础，以人工制冷技术为手段，以生产流通为衔接，以达到保持食品质量完好与安全的一个系统工程。

当物流对象特指蔬菜，且蔬菜从产地收购之后在生产加工、贮藏、运输、销售，直到转入消费者手中，将其始终保持在应有的温度条件下，以保证品质，减少损耗，防止污染的供应链系统就是蔬菜冷链物流[1]。

改革开放以来，全国蔬菜已发展成为仅次于粮食的第二大产业，也成为亿万农民增产增收的重要渠道。

寿光蔬菜自1988年以来，经过二十多年的发展，已成为驰名中外的“中国蔬菜之乡”，拥有全国最大的蔬菜批发市场。

依托蔬菜市场，寿光经济和各项社会事业发展迅速，已连续九次进入全国综合实力百强县（市），位居前50位。

2005年实现地区生产总值231.2亿元，财政总收入19.8亿元，其中地方财政收入突破10亿元，农民人均纯收入达5566元。

目前，寿光蔬菜面积达84万亩，形成了万亩辣椒、万亩韭菜、万亩芹菜等十几个成方连片的生产基地，农业生产基本实现了区域化布局、规模化经营、专业化生产。

农产品冷链物流发展现状及对策研究文献综述

【农产品冷链物流发展现状及对策研究文献综述】一、引言随着社会经济的快速发展和人们对生活品质的要求不断提高，农产品需求呈现出多样化、个性化的特点。

然而，长期以来农产品冷链物流发展滞后，导致了农产品保鲜、运输等问题长期困扰农业行业。

对农产品冷链物流发展现状及对策进行研究，对于推动农产品产业升级、提高农产品附加值具有重要意义。

二、农产品冷链物流发展现状综述（1）冷链物流基本概念冷链物流是指将需要保持在一定温度范围内的商品进行冷藏、冷冻、冷藏运输和配送的过程。

农产品冷链物流则是指对应于农产品的冷链运输与储存。

（2）农产品冷链物流发展现状当前，我国冷链物流市场整体发展迅速，但与发达国家相比还有一定差距。

农产品冷链物流不仅存在冷链设施不足、技术落后等问题，而且市场需求和供给之间的矛盾依然存在。

另外，农产品冷链物流网络规划和运营管理存在问题，增加了农产品运输损耗和风险。

三、农产品冷链物流发展对策研究综述（1）政策扶持和资金支持政府需要出台更加完善的农产品冷链物流发展政策，支持冷链设施建设、技术创新等，并加大对农产品冷链物流的资金支持力度。

（2）提升冷链物流技术水平加强冷链技术研发，推动农产品冷链物流技术的升级和改造，提高农产品冷链运输温度控制、湿度控制和气体调节等方面的技术水平。

（3）完善冷链物流网络规划根据农产品产地、消费地的特点，规划和建设合理的冷链物流网络，降低农产品运输、储存损耗，提高冷链物流的运输效率。

四、个人观点和建议在当前经济发展的背景下，农产品冷链物流发展是我国农业发展的重要保障，也是提高农产品附加值的重要途径。

政府应加大扶持力度，企业需要加强创新，提高冷链物流技术水平，促进农产品冷链物流发展进入快速发展阶段。

五、总结本文对农产品冷链物流发展现状及对策进行了综述。

通过对现状的分析，我们可以清晰地看到我国农产品冷链物流发展中存在的问题和不足。

对策研究部分提出了政策、技术、网络规划等多方面的解决方案。

1453-冷链物流-冷链物流外文参考文献

The Cold Chain and its LogisticsAuthors: Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue and Dr. Theo Notteboom1. OverviewWhile Globalization has made the relative distance between regions of the world much smaller, the physical separation of these same regions is still a very important reality. The greater the physical separation, the more likely freight can be damaged in one of the complex transport operations involved. Some goods can be damaged by shocks while others can be damaged by undue temperature variations. For a range of goods labeled as perishables, particularly food, their quality degrades with time since they maintain chemical reactions which rate can be mostly mitigated with lower temperatures. It takes time and coordination to efficiently move a shipment and every delay can have negative consequences, notably if this cargo is perishable. To ensure that cargo does not become damaged or compromised throughout this process, businesses in the pharmaceutical, medical and food industries are increasingly relying on the cold chain technology.The cold chain refers to the transportation of temperature sensitive products along a supply chain through thermal and refrigerated packaging methods and the logistical planning to protect the integrity of these shipments. Specialization has led many companies to not only rely on major shipping service providers such as the United Parcel Service (UPS) and FEDEX, but alsomore focused industry specialists that have developed a niche logistical expertise around the shipping of temperature sensitive products. The potential to understand local rules, customs and environmental conditions as well as an estimation of the length and time of a distribution route make them an important factor in global trade. As a result, the logistics industry is experiencing a growing level of specialization and segmentation of cold chain shipping in several potential niche markets within global commodity chains. Whole new segments of the distribution industry have been very active in taking advantage of the dual development of the spatial extension of supply chains supported by globalization and the significant variety of goods in circulation. From an economic development perspective, the cold chain enables many developing countries to take part in the global perishable products market. From a geographical perspective, the cold chain has the following impacts:Global. Specialization of agricultural functions permitting the transport of temperature sensitive food products to distant markets. Enables the distribution of vaccines and other pharmaceutical or biological products.Regional. Can support the specialization of functions and economies of scale, such as specialized laboratories.Local. Timely distribution to the final consumer, namely grocery stores and restaurants.2. Emergence of Cold Chain LogisticsWhile global commodity chains are fairly modern expansions in the transportation industry, the refrigerated movement of temperature sensitive goods is a practice that dates back to 1797 when British fishermen used natural ice to preserve their fish stock piles. This process was also seen in the late 1800s for the movement of food from rural areas to urban consumption markets, namely dairy products. Cold storage was also a key component of food trade between colonial powers and their colonies. For example, in the late 1870s and early 1880s, France was starting to receive large shipments of frozen meat and mutton carcasses from South America, while Great Britain imported frozen beef from Australia and pork and other meat from New Zealand. By 1910, 600,000 tons of frozen meat was being brought into Great Britain alone. The first reefer ship for the banana trade was introduced in 1903 by the United Food Company. This enabled the banana to move from an exotic fruit that had a small market because it arrived in markets too ripe, to one of the world's most consumed fruit. The temperature controlled movement of pharmaceuticals and medical supplies is a much more modern transit option than the shipping of refrigerated or frozen food. Since the 1950s, logistical third party companies began to emerge and institute new methods for successfully transporting these global commodities. Before their emergence, cold chain processes were mostly managed in house by the manufacturer. In the United States, Food and Drug Administration restrictions and accountability measures over the stability of the cold chain incited many of these companies to rely on specialty couriers rather thancompletely overhauling their supply chain facilities. A specialized industry was thus born. The value of the cold chain in the preservation of expensive vaccines and medical supplies was only beginning to be recognized when these logistical providers started to appear. As awareness began to grow, so did the need for efficient management of the cold chain.The reliance on the cold chain continues to gain importance. Within the pharmaceutical industry for instance, the testing, production and movement of drugs relies heavily on controlled and uncompromised transfer of shipments. A large portion of the pharmaceutical products that move along the cold chain are in the experiment or developmental phase. Clinical research and trials is a major part of the industry that costs millions of dollars, but one that also experiences a failure rate of around 80%. According to the Healthcare Distribution Management Association, of the close to 200 billion dollars in pharmaceutical distribution, about 10% are drugs that are temperature sensitive. This makes the cold chain responsible for transporting a near 20 billion dollar investment. If these shipments should experience any unanticipated exposure to variant temperature levels, they run the risk of becoming ineffective or even harmful to patients.Temperature control in the shipment of foodstuffs is a component of the industry that has continued to rise in necessity with international trade. As a growing number of countries focus their export economy around food and produce production, the need to keep these products fresh for extended periods of timehas gained in importance. Increasing income levels create a change in diet with amongst others a growing appetite for fresh fruit and higher value foodstuffs such as meat and fish. Persons with higher socioeconomic status and with more economic means are more likely to consume vegetables and fruit, particularly fresh, not only in higher quantities but also in greater variety. Consumers with increasing purchase power have become preoccupied with healthy eating, therefore producers and retailers have responded with an array of exotic fresh fruits originating from around the world.Any major grocery store around the world is likely to carry tangerines from South Africa, apples from New Zealand, bananas from Costa Rica and asparagus from Mexico. Thus, a cold chain industry has emerged to service these commodity chains. In 2002, an estimated 1200 billion dollars' worth of food was transported by a fleet of 400,000 refrigerated containers (Reefers). Alone, the United States imports about 30% of its fruits and vegetables and 20% of its food exports can be considered perishables. The uncompromised quality and safety of this food is often taken for granted, despite being the main reason behind the ability to sell the food. The cold chain serves the function of keeping food fresh for extended periods and eliminating doubts over the quality of the food products. In all the supply chains it is concerned with, cold chain logistics favor higher levels of integration since maintaining temperature integrity requires a higher level of control of all the processes involved. It may even incite third party logistics providers to acquire elements of the supply chainwhere time and other performance factors are the most important, even farming. This may involve the acquisition of produce farms (e.g. oranges) to insure supply reliability.3. Providing Temperature Controlled EnvironmentsThe success of industries that rely on the cold chain comes down to knowing how to ship a product with temperature control adapted to the shipping circumstances. Different products require different temperature level maintenance to ensure their integrity throughout the travel process. For instance, the most common temperature standards are "banana" (13 °C), "chill" (2 °C), "frozen" (-18 °C) and "deep frozen" (-29 °C). Staying within this temperature is vital to the integrity of a shipment along the supply chain and for perishables it enables to insure and optimal shelf life. Any divergence can result in irrevocable and expensive damage; a product can simply lose any market or useful value.Being able to ensure that a shipment will remain within a temperature range for an extended period of time comes down largely to the type of container that is used and the refrigeration method. Factors such as duration of transit, the size of the shipment and the ambient or outside temperatures experienced are important in deciding what type of packaging is required. They can range from small insulated boxes that require dry ice or gel packs, rolling containers, to a 53 footer reefer which has its own powered refrigeration unit. The major cold chain technologies involve:Dry ice. Solid carbon dioxide, is about -80°C and is capable of keeping a shipment frozen for an extended period of time. It is particularly used for the shipping of pharmaceuticals, dangerous goods and foodstuffs. Dry ice does not melt, instead it sublimates when it comes in contact with air.Gel packs. Large shares of pharmaceutical and medicinal shipments are classified as chilled products, which means they must be stored in a temperature range between 2 and 8°C. The common method to provide this temperature is to use gel packs, or packages that contain phase changing substances that can go from solid to liquid and vice versa to control an environment. Depending on the shipping requirements, these packs can either start off in a frozen or refrigerated state. Along the transit process they melt to liquids, while at the same time capturing escaping energy and maintaining an internal temperature.Eutectic plates. The principle is similar to gel packs. Instead, plates are filled with a liquid and can be reused many times.Liquid nitrogen. An especially cold substance, of about -196°C, used to keep packages frozen over a long period of time. Mainly used to transport biological cargo such as tissues and organs. It is considered as an hazardous substance for the purpose of transportation.Quilts. Insulated pieces that are placed over or around freight to act as buffer in temperature variations and to maintain the temperature relatively constant. Thus, frozen freight will remain frozen for a longer time period, often long enough not to justify the usage of more expensive refrigeration devices. Quilts can also beused to keep temperature sensitive freight at room temperature while outside conditions can substantially vary (e.g. during the summer or the winter). Reefers. Generic name for a temperature controlled container, which can be a van, small truck, a semi or a standard ISO container. These containers, which are insulated, are specially designed to allow temperature controlled air circulation maintained by an attached and independent refrigeration plant. The term increasingly apply to refrigerated forty foot ISO containers.Perishable or temperature sensitive items are carried in refrigerated containers (called "reefers"), that account for a growing share of the refrigerated cargo being transported around the world. While in 1980 33% of the refrigerated transport capacity in maritime shipping was containerized, this share rapidly climbed to 47% in 1990, 68% in 2000 and 90% in 2010. About 1.69 million TEUs of reefers were being used by 2009. All reefers are painted white to increase the albedo (share of the incident light being reflected; high albedo implies less solar energy absorbed by the surface) with the dominant size being 40 high-cube footers (45R1 being the size and type code). For instance a low albedo container can have its internal temperature increase to 50 °C when the external temperature reaches 25 °C on a sunny day while a high albedo container see its internal temperature increase to only 38 °C under the same conditions.The refrigeration unit of a reefer requires an electric power source during transportation and at a container yard. Regular containerships have 10 to 20% oftheir slots adapted to carry reefers, with some ships having up to 25% of their slots being dedicated. It is important to underline that the refrigeration units are designed to maintain the temperature within a prefixed range, not to cool it down. This implies that the shipment must be brought to the required temperature before being loaded into a reefer, which requires specialized warehousing and loading / unloading facilities. A new generation of reefers is coming online, which are equipped with an array of sensors monitoring effectively the temperature and shutting the cooling plant when unnecessary. This enables to improve the reliability of temperature control and well as extend the autonomy of the reefer.The growth of the intermodal transportation of reefers has increasingly required transport terminals, namely ports, to dedicate a part of their storage yards to reefers. This accounts between 1% to 5% of the total terminal capacity, but can be higher for transshipment hubs. The stacking requirements simply involve having an adjacent power outlet, but the task is more labor intensive as each container must be plugged and unplugged manually and the temperature to be monitored regularly as it is the responsibility of the terminal operator to insure that the reefers keep their temperature within preset ranges. This may also forbid the usage of an overhead gantry crane implying that the reefer stacking area can be serviced by different equipment. Even if reefers involve higher terminal costs, they are very profitable due to the high value commodities they transport.4. The Setting and Organization of Cold ChainsMoving a shipment across the supply chain without suffering any setbacks or temperature anomalies requires the establishment of a comprehensive logistical process the maintain the shipment integrity. This process concerns several phases ranging from the preparation of the shipments to final verification of the integrity of the shipment at the delivery point:Shipment preparation. When a temperature sensitive product is being moved, it is vital to first assess its characteristics. A key issue concerns the temperature conditioning of the shipment, which should be already at the desired temperature. Cold chain devices are commonly designed to keep a temperature constant, but not to bring a shipment to this temperature, so they would be unable to perform adequately if a shipment is not prepared and conditioned. Other concerns include the destination of the shipment and the weather conditions for those regions, such as if the shipment will be exposed to extreme cold or heat along the transport route.Modal choice. Several key factors play into how the shipment will be moved. Distance between the origin and the final destination (which often includes a set of intermediary locations), the size and weight of the shipment, the required exterior temperature environment and any time restrictions of the product all effect the available transportation options. Short distances can be handled with a van or truck, while a longer trip may require an airplane or a container ship. Custom procedures. If the freight crosses boundaries, custom procedures can become very important, since cold chain products tend to be time sensitive andmore subject to inspection than regular freight (e.g. pharmaceuticals and biological samples). The difficulty of this task differs depending on the nation (or economic bloc) and the gateway since there are variations in procedures and delays.The "Last Mile". The last stage is the actual delivery of the shipment to its destination, which in logistics is often known as the “last mile”. Key considerations when arranging a final delivery concern not only the destination, but the timing. Trucks and vans, the primary modes of transportation for this stage, must meet the specifications necessary to transfer the cold chain shipment. Also important is the final transfer of the shipment into the storage facilities as there is potential for a breach of integrity.Integrity and quality assurance. After the shipment has been delivered, any temperature recording devices or known temperature anomalies must be recorded and made known. This is the step of the logistical process that creates trust and accountability, particularly if liability for a damaged shipment is incurred. If problems or anomalies that compromise a shipment do occur, an effort must be made to identify the source and find corrective actions. Therefore, the setting and operation of cold chains is dependent on the concerned supply chains since each cargo unit to be carried has different requirements in terms of demand, load integrity and transport integrity.5. Food TransportationThere is a variety of methods for the transport of food products with the banana accounting for the world's most significant commodity transported in the food cold chain with 20% of all seaborne reefers trade. Land, sea and air modes all have different structures for keeping food fresh throughout the transport chain. Innovations in packaging, fruit and vegetable coatings, bioengineering (controlled ripening), and other techniques reducing the deterioration of food products have helped shippers extend the reach of perishable products. For food products such as fruits and vegetables, time has a direct impact on their shelf life and therefore on the potential revenue a consignment may generate. Concomitantly, new transport technologies have permitted the shipment of perishable products over longer distances. For instance, improved roads and intermodal connections along the African coast reduced transport time for food to European markets from 10 days to 4 days.Certain domestic or transnational supply chains may only require one transportation mode, but many times ground shipments are one link in a combination of transport modes. This makes intermodal transfer critical for the cold chain. Intermodal shipments typically use either 20 or 40 footers refrigerated containers that are capable of holding up to 26 tons of food. The container makes loading and unloading periods shorter and less susceptible to experiencing damage. The environments in these containers are currently controlled electronically by either plugging into a generator or power source on the ship or truck, but early food shipments would cycle air from stores of wet ordry ice to keep the food refrigerated. The efficiency of cold chain logistics permitted the consolidation of cold storage facilities.Moving away from ice refrigeration has allowed for much greater distances to be traveled and has greatly increased the size of the global food market, enabling many developing countries to capture new opportunities. Another efficient mode for transporting foodstuffs is air travel. While this is a preferred form of travel for highly perishable and valuable goods due to its ability to move much faster over longer distances, it does lack the environment control and transfer ease of the ground and sea transports. Also, during the flight the cargo is stored in a 15°C – 20°C environment, but close to 80% of the time the package is exposed to exterior weather while waiting to be loaded onto the plane or being moved to and from the airfield. This is troubling considering the value of the food and the importance placed behind quality and freshness. In order for this form of food transport to experience growth among market users, more uncompromising strategies and regulations will have to be embraced and enacted.Food transportation is an industry that has fully adapted to the cold chain and can, despite the problems with air transport, be considered the most resilient, particularly since a large majority of food products have a better tolerance to temporary variations of transport temperatures. As a result, small errors can be compounded without the concern of irreversible damage. For instance, for the transportation of produces, for every hour of delay in the pre-cooling of shipments, an equivalent one day loss of shelf life must be accounted. The usageof refrigerated containers has particularly helped, since they account for more than 50% of all the refrigerated cargo transported in the world. Source loading can be an important factor extending the shelf life of a cold chain product since it is loaded in a reefer directly at the place of production without additional handling. For instance, source loading into a reefer can expand the shelf life of chilled meat by about 25 days (from 30-35 days to 55-60 days) from conventional methods and thus considerably expand the market potential of the product.The efficiency and reliability of temperature controlled transportation has reached a point which allows the food industry to take advantage of global seasonable variations, meaning that during the winter the southern hemisphere can export perishable goods to the northern hemisphere while an opposite trade, generally of smaller scale, takes place during the summer. Countries such as Chile have substantially benefited from this and have developed an active agricultural and food transformation industry mainly servicing the North American market during the winter, but also with several niche markets such as wine. A similar issue concerns some African countries such as Kenya that have developed a fresh produce and flower industries catering the European market. The fast food industry is also an active user of cold chain logistics as every outlet can be considered as a factory, with dozens of workers with schedules and shifts, inventory management and the supply chain of components (many ofwhich are temperature sensitive), and which are assembly lines producing quality-controlled and high-volume products.。

冷链物流毕业论文

资料范本本资料为word版本，可以直接编辑和打印，感谢您的下载冷链物流毕业论文地点：__________________时间：__________________说明：本资料适用于约定双方经过谈判，协商而共同承认，共同遵守的责任与义务，仅供参考，文档可直接下载或修改，不需要的部分可直接删除，使用时请详细阅读内容XX学院毕业论文二〇XX年X月XX学院毕业论文评阅书题目：浅析我国冷链物流发展的对策XXXXXXX 系 XXXXXX 专业姓名XXXXX设计时间：XX年XX月XX日~XX年XX月XX日评阅意见：成绩：指导教师：（签字）职务：201 年月日XXXX学院毕业论文答辩记录卡XXXX 系 XXXX 专业姓名 XX答辩内容记录员：（签名）成绩评定注：评定成绩为100分制，指导教师为30%，答辩组为70%。

专业答辩组组长：（签名）201 年月日前言人们对新鲜食材的喜爱，自古至今从来没有中断。

只是碍于当时的条件，只有皇室高官才能享受快马加鞭在驿站之间传递送去的食材。

随着冷藏技术的不断发展，满足人们的需求变得更为现实，冷链物流应运而生。

现代人们生活品质的提高，人们对食品质量的要求也越来越高，冷链物流业逐渐崭露出商机。

同时，冷鲜食品比一般食品对于物流的要求更高、更专业，这也给冷链物流业的发展带来了挑战。

我国冷链物流业面着很大的发展空间。

据了解，我国在“十二五”期间就对冷链物流制定了较高的发展目标，并对冷库、冷藏车等设备及冷链流通率、冷藏运输率等指标均有明确的规划。

近年来，我国的冷藏行业发展迅速，对冷链物流的要求也越来越高。

之前由于我国的冷链物流比国外起步晚、基础设施陈旧等等造成我国冷链物流发展缓慢。

冷链物流应该重视科技的作用，健康快速的发展。

我国的冷冻速冻行业发展迅速,冷链物流也随之得到迅速发展，但是我国的冷链物流还存在一些问题，在两会期间有人大代表就这些问题提出应该重点投资建设我国的冷链物流网，让人们的生活必需品的品质得到保障。

冷链物流运输相关文献综述

冷链物流运输相关文献综述（1）国外研究现状世界范围看，多个发达国家已经建立起了水运、铁路、公路、民航共同发展的综合冷链物流体系例如加拿大以五大湖地区为中心，由公路和铁路组成的跨越美加口岸的南北运输走廓，联系着美国和加拿大之间的贸易往来。

日本的冷链物流发展较早，相关研究也以技术研究为主。

在高新技术的带动下，目前日本的冷链物流发展较快，以水果的冷链物流运输为例，可以将坏果率控制在5%以内。

同时国外研究在信息技术促进冷链物流发展的领域内也多有体现。

M Lütjen（2013），认为强化第三方的喷码识别在冷链物流运输中的作用较大，可以从源头上及时识别冷链物流中的问题产品，达到追踪溯源的目的。

同时，这个作用是生产者自我喷码所不能达到的效果，必须由法定权威的第三方开展实施，才能保证冷链物流中产品运输质量。

Tamimi M （2020），认为冷链物流的发展，最主要的影响因素市场，冷链物流的建设者需要从市场找寻发展的动力，征求消费者关于冷链物流的发展建议，强化冷链物流的建设，深入满足消费者的需求。

（2）国内的研究现状目前，中国的冷链市场仍处于发展初期，许多方面尚不够完善，空运方式的高成本也并不为更多人所看好。

中国生鲜行业发展缓慢，很大程度上是受到了冷链运输的制约，高成本导致收益降低，阻碍了发展的速度。

李伟（2018）分析了中国冷链物流的发展状况，其中以海运、铁路运输与为主的冷链物流模式仍是目前冷链物流的重点，但是公路冷链物流的比例较低，同时铁路运输的运价较高，是制约我国冷链物流发展的瓶颈。

同时还有从技术方面进行分析和研究的文献。

总起来说，我国冷链物流技术发展较快，但是在部分环节仍然容易出现问题，例如容易出现制冷不冷，保全不全的问题，这些问题严重限制了我国冷链物流行业的发展。

张喜才（2019）在“中国农产品冷链物流经济特性、困境及对策研究”一文中认为“冷链不冷、断链等问题频繁发生”。

制约着我国冷链物流行业的发展。

冷链物流文献综述

冷链物流文献综述冷链物流是指在一定的温度条件下，对食品、药品、化妆品等易变质商品进行运输、储存和销售的物流系统。

随着现代物流技术的不断发展，冷链物流已经成为了现代化物流体系中不可或缺的一部分。

本文将对冷链物流的相关研究进行综述。

一、冷链物流的发展历程冷链物流最早是在20世纪60年代开始发展起来的。

当时，欧美国家开始将制冷技术应用于食品运输和储存中，以延长食品保鲜期限。

随着制冷技术和信息技术的不断进步，冷链物流逐渐成为了一个完整的系统，并且得到了广泛应用。

二、冷链物流的重要性1.保持商品质量在运输和储存过程中，商品容易受到温度、湿度等环境因素的影响而变质。

而通过冷链物流系统可以控制这些因素，从而保证商品质量。

2.提高商品附加值通过控制商品质量，可以提高商品附加值，并且可以满足消费者对高品质产品的需求。

3.促进国际贸易冷链物流可以帮助商品在跨国运输过程中保持高质量，从而促进国际贸易的发展。

三、冷链物流的关键技术1.制冷技术制冷技术是冷链物流的核心技术之一。

通过控制温度和湿度等因素，可以延长商品的保鲜期限。

2.信息技术信息技术可以帮助企业实现对商品运输和储存过程的实时监控和管理，并且可以提供数据支持，帮助企业做出更加准确的决策。

3.包装技术包装技术也是冷链物流中非常重要的一个环节。

通过选择合适的包装材料和方式，可以保护商品不受外界环境影响，并且可以减少商品在运输过程中的损失。

四、国内外冷链物流市场分析1.国内市场随着中国经济的快速发展，人们对高品质食品和药品等消费品的需求日益增长。

因此，中国冷链物流市场也在快速发展。

据统计，2018年中国冷链物流市场规模已经超过了2000亿元人民币。

2.国际市场目前，欧美国家是冷链物流市场的主要消费地区。

根据统计数据显示，2018年全球冷链物流市场规模已经超过了3000亿美元。

五、冷链物流存在的问题和发展趋势1.问题目前，我国冷链物流市场还存在着一些问题，比如设施不完善、管理不规范等。

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冷链物流的参考文献
冷链物流是指在物流过程中对特定温度条件下的生鲜、冷藏、冷冻等物品进行运输、储存、处理、销售等一系列环节的管理和控制，其作用不仅是保障商品的安全质量，同时也是保证食品安全和消费者的健康。

以下是冷链物流方面的参考文献：
1.《冷链物流管理实践与案例》，作者：孙德旺、焦莉莉
2.《食品冷链物流管理研究》，作者：张照星、黄晓振、荣庆富
3.《冷链物流的管理与应用》，作者：刘琨、刘迎波、陈荣华
4.《冷链物流管理与应用》，作者：李思维、邱礼和、杨来峰
5.《冷链物流系统设计与优化》，作者：李敏、曾锋、徐明
6.《冷链供应链管理理论与实践研究》，作者：张亚平
7.《冷链物流服务质量评价指标》，作者：谭迎屏、龚志强、袁鸣鹤
8.《基于RFID技术的冷链物流管理研究》，作者：刘红妹、李杰峰、肖勇峰
以上是关于冷链物流管理、优化、应用等方面的参考文献，可以为相关研究和实践提供参考和帮助。