学位英语考的阅读和完形

At the Kyoto conference on global warming in December 1997, it became abundantlyclearhow complex it has become to work out international agreements relating to the environmentbecause of economic concerns unique to each country. It is no longer enough to try to forbidcertain activities or to reduce emissions of certain substances. The global challenges of theinterlink between the environment and development increasing bring us to the core of the economic life of states. During the late 1980s we were able, through international agreements, to make deep cuts in emissions harmful to the ozone layer. These reductions were made possible because substitutions had been found for many of the harmful chemicals and, more important, because the harmful substances co uld be replaced without negative effects on employment and the economies of states.Although the threat of global warming has been known to the world for decades and all countries and leaders agree that we need to deal with the problem, we also know that the effects of measures, especially harsh measures taken in some countries, would be nullified (抵消) if other countries do not control their emissions. Whereas the UN team on climate change has found that the emissions of carbon dioxide would have to be cut globally by 60% to stabilize the content of CO, in the atmosphere, this path is not feasible for several reasons. Such deep cuts would cause a breakdown of the world economy. Important and populous (人口众多的) low –or medium-income countries are not yet willing to undertake legal commitments about their energy uses. In addition, the state of world technology would not yet permit us to make such a big leap.We must, however, find a solution to the threat of global warming early in the 21st century.Such a commitment would require a degree of shared vision and common responsibilities new to humanity. Success ties in the force of imaginations, in imagining what would happen if we fail to act. Although many living in cold regions would welcome the global-warming effect of a warmer summer, few would cheer the arrival of the subsequent tropical diseases, especially where there had been none. (AADBD)51. The main purpose of this passage is to ________.A. analyze the problem of global warmingB. argue against making deep cuts in emissionsC. convince people that global warming is a real threatD. criticize some countries for refusing to cot down emissions harmful to the ozone layer52. The reason why it is difficult to get rid of the threat of global warming is that ________.A. not all the countries are willing to make deep cuts in emissionsB. many people welcome the global-warming effect of a warmer summerC. the leaders of many countries are not fully aware of the gravity of the problemD. world technology is not able to solve the problem53. In the passage the author implies that _______.A. the world has recently become aware of the threat of global warmingB. the problem of global warming has largely been solvedC. it is always difficult to work out international agreements to cut down emission harmful to the ozone layerD. it is no longer easy to reach international agreements relating to the environment54. According to the author, it is impossible at present to cut 60%of carbon dioxide emissions globally because __________.A. some people are irresponsibleB. it would cause a collapse of the world economyC. it is only a goal to be reached in the futureD. some people are lacking in imagination55. What should all countries do to help solve the problem of global warming?A. They should hold another world conference on climate change.B. They should provide advanced technology.C. They should replace all the harmful substances.D. They should willingly undertake legal commitments about their energy uses.When concerned parents protest the excessive sex or violence on television，they often seek control of television from some outside agency：Our research，however，suggests that the most effective control of TV's influence on children can be exerted from within the home.We have found that there is major obstacle that parents need to overcome in connection with TV viewing. Surprisingly enough，we are going to advocate that parents act rudely——at least as far as the TV set is concerned. Most of us have been socialized ill our lives with the warning，"Don't interrupt when someone else is speaking." Yet our ancestors never imagined a mechanical visitor sitting in the middle of our home 'who talks without stop and never allows the listener an opportunity to put a word in edgewise.During our research，we found upon questioning parents that they usually reacted to TV content they disliked or disagreed with by remaining silent. This brings to mind an old saying that parents might well be advised to consider，" Silence gives consent."We advocate loud reactions and exclamations of disapproval when something is presented on TV which is in opposition to the family's values or offends them in any way. Similarly，when a program is in accordance with the family's views，parents should approve of its content—— and applaud loudly. There is much that Shakespearean audiences of old could teach us in regard to such spontaneous，public reactions. Silence is misleading to our children.This process of direct intervention——vocal approval or disapproval of TV content—— is highly effective with young children，because they are curious，learning rapidly and ready to place a great deal of confidence in the information and attitudes of their parents and other significant adults，such as teachers. For teenagers indirect intervention is recommended，because this group is more resistant to adult statements and does not like to be "lectured."Indirect intervention is the practice of making comments about TV to other members of the family，but in such a way that teenager is sure to overhear the comments.Our research shows that through such parental comments of approval or disapproval，adults can dramatically influence the information their children receive and retain from watching TV. (B AC D A D )_69. We may infer from the first paragraph that parentsA. find that their children like to watch those sex or violence TV programs.B. hope that school or society can do something to control bad TV programs.C. feel that they can exert some influences on their children at home only.D. realize that there is a generation gap between them and their children.70. By advocating that parents act rudely，the author means that parentsA. shouldn't conceal their motions about some of the programs.B. shouldn't hesitate to take control over the TV set at least，C. should punish children for not listening to them.D. should act as our ancestors did in respecting others in conversation.71. The passage implies that the audiences in Shakespearean timeA. were easily satisfied.B. were uncritical but loud.C. were critical and loud.D. were critical but silent.72. Indirect intervention works best withA. young children.B. adults.C. all the members in the family.D. teenagers.73. If parents remain silent about offensive TV contents，A. children may mistakenly think it all right for them to watch those programs.B. teenagers may become more resistant to their parents' attitude.C. young children may place more confidence in their parents' information.D. they lose a good chance to "lecture" their children.74. With which of the following topics is the passage mainly concerned？A. Research on TV influence.B. Sex and violence on TV.C. Parents protest against sex and violence on TV.D. Control of TV influence on children.The Timber rattlesnake, once widespread throughout the eastern United States, is now on the endangered species list and is extinct in two eastern states in which it once thrived. Compared to its western cousins, the Timber rattlesnake may be especially vulnerable because of certain behaviors adapted for coping with the cold climate in which it lives.Rattlesnakes are generally found in warm climates because, like all reptiles, they cannot generate or regulate their own body temperature incternaly and must rely on the sun’s warmth for heat. But Timber rattlesnakes migrated into colder northern areas about 8,000 years ago when glaciers (冰川) retreated. In these northern regions, the snakes developed a number of adaptive strategies to survive, but ultimately these behaviors make them more vulnerable to human predation, their main threat.One survival strategy the snakes have developed is hibernation. For approximately eight months of the year, the rattlers remain motionless in deep frost-free crevices, with their body temperature dropping as low as 40 degrees. In the spring when they emerge, they must warm their chilled bodies by sunning themselves for three or four days on rocks in the open. This behavior, coupled with the fact that Timber rattlesnakes tend to concentrate in large numbers at their wintering sites, makes them easy prey. Gestating females are particularly vulnerable because they spend much of their time basking in the sun in order to produce live young from eggs. In addition, females have very long interbirth intervals, producing live young only every three to five years. If a frost or cold spell comes late in the year, the entire litter of six to twelve young may die.Efforts are under way to protect the Timber rattlesnake and its habitat from further human depredation, but in many states it is already too late. (答案：DABCAC)51. What is the main topic of the passage?A.Why Timber rattlesnakes hibernateB.How Timber rattlesnakes are survivingC.How Timber rattlesnakes adapted to northern climatesD.Why Timber rattlesnakes are endangered52. Which of the followin g is closest in meaning to the word ―vulnerable‖ in line 3?A. unprotectedB. unyieldingC. insensitiveD. deprived53. Which of the following is true about Timber rattlesnakes?A.They migrated to eastern states.B.They migrated northward during a warming period.C.They migrated to escape a cold climate.D.They migrated to the South to seek a warmer climate.54. The phrase ―easy prey‖ in line 16 could best be replaced by which of the following?A. relaxedB. protectiveC. victimsD. sociable55. According to the passage, which of the following does NOT contribute to the rattlesnake being an endangered animal?A. hibernating for eight monthsB. basking in the sunC. congregating togetherD. having long intervals between births.56. What is the author’s attitude toward the topic?A. accusativeB. romanticC. regretfulD. humorous补充：（答案：CABB）In line 19, the word "crevices" could be replaced by which of the following?(A) tombs (B) rocks (C) cracks(D) tunnelsWhich of the following could best replace the word "emerge" in line 20?(A) come out (B) set off (C) get up (D) see throughWhich of the following could best replace the phrase "coupled with" in line 22?(A) compared with (B) combined with (C) controlled with (D) supported withIn which of the following places might a person be most likely to find Timber rattlesnakes in the spring?(A) in the woods (B) in meadows (C) in bushy areas (D) in canyonsA Having passed what I considered the worst obstacle, our spirits 21_rose ____. We made our way towards the left cliff, Where the going was better, though 22_rather _____ steeper. Here we found 23_ little ____snow, as most of it seemed 24_to have been _____ blown off the mountain. We could see 25_no _____ mountains in the distance because 26__clouds _____ were forming all round us.About one o’clock a storm 27_came up ____ suddenly. We should have noticed its coming but we were concentrating on cutting steps and before we had time to do anything, we were 28___ blinded ____ by snow. We could not move up or down and had to wait motionless, getting colder and colder. 29___ In spite of ___ my hood, my nose and cheeks were nearly frozen but I dare not30___ take___ a hand out of my glove to 31__warm_______ them.After two hours of this, I realized we would have to do something to 32__avoid _____ being frozen to death. We stood from time to time through the snow. I had 33__ made out ____ the outline of a butterss (扶垛) just above us. Our only 34___hope ______ was to climb up to the buttress, and dig out a platform at the foot of it on which we could put up our 35__ tent ____. We climbed to this place and started to cut away the ice. At first my companion seemed to regard this situation as 36__ hopeless_____ but gradually the wind died away and he 37__cheered _____ up. At last we made aplatform big enough to pitch the tent, and we did this as best as we could. We 38___ crawled __ into our sleeping bags fell asleep, 39__ feeling ______ that we were lucky to be still 40__ alive _____.21. A. rose B. raised C. calmed D. lowered22. A. quite B. very C. rather D. hardly23. A. few B. much C. tiny D. little24. A. it had B. to have been C. it was D. to be25.A. no B. continuous C. grey D. beautiful26. A. winds B. rains C. clouds D. fogs27. A. turned up B. sped up C. grew up D. came up28. A. frightened B. tired C. blinded D. excited29. A. Although B. With C. Even if D. In spite of30. A. take B. pick C. give D. send31. A. feel B. help C. warm D. cover32. A. forbid B. defend C. protect D. avoid33. A. made out B. found out C. worked out D. figured out34. A. way B. helper C. hope D. mind35. A. tent B. bed C. sleeping bags D. luggage36. A. funny B. hopeless C. dangerous D. courageous37. A. turned B. cheered C. looked D. stood38. A. rushed B. jumped C. crawled D. crowded39. A. knowing B. feeling C. realizing D. understanding40.A. alive B. warm C. happy D. comfortable答案：ACDBA CDCDA CDACA BBCBA补充：有可能也考划下划线的。