美国黑人在历史地位演变(英文)
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黑人在美国历史扮演的角色
黑人在美国历史扮演的角色作者：王素琴来源：《大经贸·创业圈》2020年第05期【摘要】美国黑人指的是来自美国，与此同时又是最初来自非洲的深色人种。
他们被欧洲殖民者运送到美国，而在美国，他们又被称为非洲人，有色人种，黑鬼和黑人。
本文主要介绍了美国黑人在以下几个方面的演变：经济，政治，称谓，等等以便于详细分析美国黑人的角色演变。
从这篇论文中我们可以得出一些结论：美国黑人在实现种族平等和提高美国民主体制方面做出了巨大贡献。
因此，他们在经历了巨大的苦难和牺牲后，值得拥有更高更好的形象和地位。
【关键词】奴隶制度美国黑人角色演变一简介非裔美国人与欧洲裔美国人之间的文化差异塑造了非裔美国人。
他们不能平等地参与美国社会。
她们被剥夺了结婚、接受教育和自由工作的权利。
他们不会说自己的母语，也不会进行自己的文化活动，结果，他们完全失去了自己的非洲语言和文化。
1861年，美国内战爆发。
1862年，美国总统林肯的《解放宣言》宣布黑人奴隶获得自由，从而瓦解了南方各州的战斗力量，扭转了局面。
1865年5月1日，美国国会通过了《第十三修正案》，宣布奴隶制在其管辖范围内是非法的。
1865年2月18日，该文件开始生效，奴隶制被废除。
大量的非裔美国人被困在贫民窟，而那里是大多数群体住的地方。
失业、贫困、婴儿死亡率和社会地位低下在贫民区极为普遍。
自奴隶制时代以来，作为下层阶级的一员，只有少数受过教育的黑人享受到了温和的经济增长。
非裔美国人是美国历史上一个受歧视的群体。
种族歧视问题在美国社会中异常突出，同时奴隶制也是美国历史上的一项特殊制度。
本文主要从称谓、政治、经济三个方面介绍了非裔美國人在美国社会和历史中的变迁作用。
1.1非裔美国人的原始角色1619年，非洲人被贩卖到美国去种植棉花和烟草。
这种情况滋生了一种种族主义意识形态。
非洲奴隶被称为黑人，被认为是低人一等的，他们生来懒惰，不负责任并且愚蠢。
他们没有结婚、受教育和独立工作的权利。
美国黑人历史 英文
In 1926, Woodson changed the name to Negro History Week. He selected the month of February for the celebration as a way to honor of the birth of two men whose actions drastically altered the future of black Americans. Abraham Lincoln, the U.S. President who issued the Emancipation Proclamation was born on February 12th and Frederick Douglass, one of the nation’s leading abolitionists was born on February 14th. Dr. Carter G. Woodson died in 1950, but his legacy continued on as the celebration of Negro History Week was adopted by cities and organizations across the country. This observance proved especially important during the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s, a time when the inhumane and unequal treatment of black people in America was being challenged and overturned. The Black Power Movement of the 1970s emphasized racial pride and the significance of collective cultural values. This prompted the ASNLH, now called the Association for the Study of African American Life and History, to change Negro History Week to Black History Week. In 1976, they extended the week to a month-long observance. Black History Month is now recognized and widely celebrated by the entire nation on both a scholarly and commercial level. The Association for the Study of African American Life and History continues to promote, preserve and research black history and culture year-round.
【英语国家概况】【USA 美国黑人】
However,long after 1865,the dominant whites in most of the South were still finding ways of excluding black citizens from real equality. 然而，1865后不久，在大多数南方白人占主导地位的仍然 是从寻找真正的平等不包括黑人公民的途径。
The status of Black now
Discrimination against blacks, both in admission to all public places and in employment, is now illegal. While formal discriminations have decreased and old forms of segregations have been dismantled, subtle patterns of informal discrimination in housing, employment, education and virtually every social sphere still persists. 对黑人的歧视，无论是在进入所有公共场所和就业， 现在是非法的。虽然正式的歧视已经减少和旧形式 的偏析已被拆除，微妙的住房，就业，教育非正式 的歧视的模式和几乎所有社会领域仍然存在。
Martin Luther King
By the 1970, blacks were registered as voters in the South almost in the same proportion as whites, and many blacks were elected to important offices in southern states. Over the past three decades, blacks have been elected as mayors of several of the nation’s biggest cities, including Chicago and Washington, D.C.; others have been elected or appointed to many of the highest national and state offices in the South as well as in the North, including the Cabinet and the Supreme Court. There are now some thousands of black millionaires, not only athletes and entertainers, but also in business and other professions.
美国黑人地位变迁精品PPT课件
4. After the American civil war until now
美国黑人运动
“黑白分明”社会中的“劣等”人，种族隔离
白人顽固的种族主义思想 起因：1955 年12月1日，亚拉巴马州蒙哥马利城黑人R.帕克斯夫人在公 共汽车上拒绝让座给白人，被捕入狱。
马丁·路德·金 外文名： Martin Luther King, Jr.
→ 独立宣言(The declaration ofindepedence) 1776.7.4
虽标榜“一切人生来平等”，却只字 不提黑人奴隶问题，黑奴不完全是人， 仅是“五分之三”非公民，黑人的地
位没有得到明显改善。
托马斯·杰斐逊(1743－1826)，美国政治家、 思想家、哲学家、科学家、教育家，第三任美 国总统。他是美国独立战争期间的主要领导人 之一，1776年，作为一个包括约翰·亚当斯和 本杰明·富兰克林在内的起草委员会的成员， 起草了美国《独立宣言》。此后，他先后担任 了美国第一任国务卿，第二任副总统和第三任 总统。
5.2008.11.5，巴拉克*奥巴马当选美国总 统，成为美国历史上首位黑人总统。
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美国黑人地位的演变
The United States of America Black‘s status-evolution 1.before the American War of independence 2.during the American War of independence 3.during the American civil war 4.after the American civil war until now
浅论美国黑人政治地位的演变
浅论美国黑人政治地位的演变论文题目浅论美国黑人政治地位的演变目录一、引言 (1)二、美国独立战争前的黑人政治地位 (2)（一）肮脏的奴隶贸易 (2)（二）悲惨的奴隶境况 (2)（三）卑贱的奴隶地位 (3)三、独立战争时期的黑人政治地位 (4)四、南北战争时期的黑人政治地位 (5)(一)享有一定法律地位 (5)(二)享有各项公民权利 (6)五、南北战争后至今的黑人政治地位 (7)（一）法院诉讼阶段（20世纪初——50年代中期） (7)（二）直接行动阶段（20世纪50年代后——70年代） (8)（三）积极参政阶段（20世纪70年代以来） (9)六、结语 (10)浅论美国黑人政治地位的演变陈观英指导教师冯正好摘要从奴隶到总统，美国黑人走过的是一条艰辛曲折的政治之路。
从奴隶制时期的毫无政治地位可言到林肯总统废除黑奴制，从蒙哥马利汽车抵制运动到《选举权法》的签署生效，从雪莉?奇泽姆宣布自己将作为民主党候选人之一竞选美国总统到如今奥巴马当选总统，黑人的地位得到了不断的改善和提高。
这些成绩都是广大黑人及白人废奴者不懈斗争的结果。
但美国的种族歧视并未完全消除，美国黑人全面提高自身地位的斗争仍在继续。
关键词美国黑人奴隶种族歧视选举权参政一、引言巴拉克?侯赛因?奥巴马，首先是一个非洲式的名字，而且还带有伊斯兰味道。
在美国，这两点都意味着非主流和弱势。
但是，这个名字的主人却创造了一项历史，他是美国1776年建国以来第一位当选总统的非洲裔黑人。
2008年11月5日，当美国总统的选举结果尘埃落定，黑人奥巴马获得的声誉及历史影响，无疑是震撼的。
一个和平时期靠民选而成功当上美国总统的人，为何吸引了整个美国的异常关注甚至全世界所有关心国际事件的人的心都在为之欢欣鼓舞？要了解一个黑人当选为美国总统的积极意义和其历史定性，就必须要回顾一下美国黑人在美国社会中受到的长达两个世纪的种族歧视。
一直以来，美国黑人这一群体都是世界关注的热点，东西方学者对美国黑人问题进行了比较广泛、细致的研究，并取得了一定的研究成果。
美国黑人在美国历史上的发展历程
பைடு நூலகம்
Negro
Negro / Nigger
Darkie
Black African American
African American
Introduction of Slavery 17th & 18th Century American Civil War 19th Century The Civil Rights Movement 20th Century
Introduction of Slavery 17th & 18th Century
Black slaves were the slave owners’ private property, they were treat just like animals and were purchased to do some hard work, there was no freedom for them.
How does the status of African Americans improved in the course of American history？
Dix-sept
2014-11-30
How can we call those black people?
Spanish word “black”
Montgomery Bus Boycott 蒙哥马利巴士抵制运动
• Under the system of segregation used on Montgomery buses, white people who boarded the bus took seats in the front rows, filling the bus toward the back. Black people who boarded the bus took seats in the back rows, filling the bus toward the front. • Eventually, the two sections would meet, and the bus would be full. If other black people boarded the bus, they were required to stand. • If another white person boarded the bus, then everyone in the black row nearest the front had to get up and stand, so that a new row for white people could be created.
Negro
Negro / Nigger
Darkie
Black African American
African American
Introduction of Slavery 17th & 18th Century American Civil War 19th Century The Civil Rights Movement 20th Century
Introduction of Slavery 17th & 18th Century
Black slaves were the slave owners’ private property, they were treat just like animals and were purchased to do some hard work, there was no freedom for them.
How does the status of African Americans improved in the course of American history？
Dix-sept
2014-11-30
How can we call those black people?
Spanish word “black”
Montgomery Bus Boycott 蒙哥马利巴士抵制运动
• Under the system of segregation used on Montgomery buses, white people who boarded the bus took seats in the front rows, filling the bus toward the back. Black people who boarded the bus took seats in the back rows, filling the bus toward the front. • Eventually, the two sections would meet, and the bus would be full. If other black people boarded the bus, they were required to stand. • If another white person boarded the bus, then everyone in the black row nearest the front had to get up and stand, so that a new row for white people could be created.
美国黑人历史 英文
10/6/2020
From 1619 to about 1640, Africans could earn their freedom working as laborers and artisans for the European settlers. Africans could become free people and enjoy some of the liberties like other new settlers. By 1640, Maryland became the first colony to institutionalize slavery. In 1641, Massachusetts, in its written legislative Body of Liberties, stated that "bondage was legal" servitude, at that moment changing the conditions of the African w10o/6r/k20e2r0s - they became chattel slaves who could be bought
Celebrat e Black History Month
10/6/2020
Created by Natalie Walker, Russell Conwell Center, Temple University
Welcome!
Thank you for “attending” the African American History Month Online Workshop. There is a lot of great information about various aspects of African American history and culture . Please familiarize yourself with the information provided on this PowerPoint, the information given through the video and be prepared to take the quiz afterward.
From 1619 to about 1640, Africans could earn their freedom working as laborers and artisans for the European settlers. Africans could become free people and enjoy some of the liberties like other new settlers. By 1640, Maryland became the first colony to institutionalize slavery. In 1641, Massachusetts, in its written legislative Body of Liberties, stated that "bondage was legal" servitude, at that moment changing the conditions of the African w10o/6r/k20e2r0s - they became chattel slaves who could be bought
Celebrat e Black History Month
10/6/2020
Created by Natalie Walker, Russell Conwell Center, Temple University
Welcome!
Thank you for “attending” the African American History Month Online Workshop. There is a lot of great information about various aspects of African American history and culture . Please familiarize yourself with the information provided on this PowerPoint, the information given through the video and be prepared to take the quiz afterward.
african american美国黑人
Harlem Renaissance （哈莱姆文艺复兴）
The Harlem Renaissance was also a time of increased political involvement for African Americans. Among the famous African American political movements founded in the early 20th century are the United Negro Improvement Association（美黑人改良协会）and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People（NAACP即全国有色人种促进协会）.
GOOD AFTERNOON,
EVERYONE~~
参考网址
/wiki/African_American_culture /wnet/aaworld/ /subject/History/tm/black.html
Kwanzaa(宽扎节)
Kwanzaa is observed each year from December 26 to January 1. Participants in Kwanzaa celebrations affirm their African heritage(遗产,传统) and the importance of family and community by drinking from a unity cup; lighting red, black, and green candles; exchanging heritage symbols, such as African art; and telling the lives of people who struggled for African and African American freedom
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Influence
• 它不仅改变了美国黑人的命运，赋予了他们很大程度上的 平等、自由和尊严，也深刻影响了所有美国人的生活与观 念。具体来说，民权运动推动联邦政府实行铲除种族隔离 制的改革，最终消灭了公开的白人至上主义，为黑人赢得 民权。它把美国从一个容忍种族主义、歧视黑人的社会转 变为一个不管肤色与种族，承认每一个公民的平等权利的 社会，从而深深改变了民众的思想。不仅如此，民权运动 也激发了新时期美国社会的民主和自由斗争。现代妇女运 动、反战运动、新左派运动和其他族裔争取权利的斗争等 都受到民权运动的推动和影响。
African-Americans
African-Americans are also called Afro-Americans or Afromericans, which were transported unlawfully to the United States by the Black Triangle Trade in history.
• The Evolution in Appellation • The Evolution in Aframericans’ Roles in culture,politics and economy. • Conclusion
The Evolution in Appellation
African African American
• Literature
19th century: Harriet Beecher Stowe (Uncle Tom’s Cabin)
20th century: Toni Morrison （Song of Solomon）
The successful model
Politics R&B Rap Sport
• On December 1, 1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, Parks refused to obey bus driver's order that she gave up her seat in the colored section to a white passenger, after the white section was filled.
ColoredBiblioteka BlackNegro
The Evolution in Aframericans’ Roles in Politics and Economy
1862.9.22
Abraham Lincoln The Emancipation Proclamation
The Civil Rights Movement
Conclusion
During more than 400 years, African Americans made every effort to improve their position and status. As a result,African culture has been an important part of American culture.African American’s social status becomes higher accompanied by their significant contribution to various fields.
The Evolution in Aframericans’ Roles in Culture • Music
Jazz,blues and Rap were created and developed by African American.
• Sports
In the international stadium, especially in the track and field stadium, most excellent athletes are Black nowadays. African American made a very positive contribution to the overall success of the American basketball game.
Martin Luther King
It was to Gandhi's concept of "satyagraha" (非暴 力的消极抵抗和不合作主义）that Dr. King turned for inspiration in his peaceful struggle for civil rights 1963.8.28 "I have a dream"