2019经济学人考研英文文章阅读七十三
2019经济学人考研英文文章阅读七
Panda evolution熊猫的演化The giant panda’s unusual diet may be the result of human pressure人类的压迫可能导致了大熊猫不同寻常的饮食习惯Civilisation’s rise drove it into China’s bamboo forests文明的崛起把大熊猫赶进了中国的竹林T he giant panda is beloved of conservationists.It is the mascot of the WWF(World Wide Fund for Nature,formerly the World Wildlife Fund)and, with its striking black-and-white pelage,is one of the most recognisable large animals in the world.大熊猫深受自然资源保护者的喜爱。
它是世界自然基金会（前身为世界野生动物基金会）的吉祥物，有着引人注目的黑白毛发，是世界上最具辨识度的大型动物之一。
It is also evolutionarily weird.It is a type of bear,and therefore a member of the order of mammals known,after their usual dietary habits,as the Carnivora.But it is an obligate herbivore.从物种的演化来看，大熊猫也是一种奇怪的动物。
它是熊科动物的一种，因而根据它们通常的饮食习惯，大熊猫应该是属食肉目的一种哺乳动物。
但它却是一种专性食草动物。
And it is rare.Optimistic estimates put the global panda population at between2,000and3,000individuals—with all those not living in zoos occupying a few fragments of bamboo forest in central China.Pessimists reckon those numbers are on the high side.大熊猫是稀有动物。
2019经济学人考研英文文章阅读十三
Sun,sea and a diplomatic point阳光、大海和外交China’s high-spending tourists bring political clout中国的高消费游客带来了政治影响力Countries at odds with China find holidaymakers from there stop coming 与中国不和的国家发现，中国游客不再来了Earlier this month the great pyramids of Giza and the nearby Sphinx were lit up in“Chinese red”.Spectators,many of them from China,were then given another unprecedented treat.The sound-and-light show,a staple of pyramid entertainment since1961,was narrated in Chinese.本月初，“中国红”点亮了吉萨的大金字塔和附近的狮身人面像。
随后，参观者（特别是来自中国的游客）感受了另一种前所未有的体验。
自1961年以来作为金字塔主打娱乐节目的声光表演是用中文来讲解的。
The event was sponsored by the Chinese government,which takes pride in its travellers’growing influence.Since2012China has been the world’s biggest source of tourists.Chinese travellers racked up nearly150m trips abroad last year.活动是由中国政府赞助的，中国政府以中国游客日益增长的影响力为荣。
考研英语阅读理解外刊原文经济学人
The Guardian view on unaffordable homes: building injustice into the economy《卫报》关于难以负担的住房的观点：在经济中制造不公The average wage of the top 1% in Britain rose to £13,770 a month in December. Jeevun Sandher, an economist at King’s College London, points out the very richest saw their incomes rise the fastest during the pandemic. This group were also likely to have been able to save the most while Covid raged. Where do the very wealthiest spend their cash? One place is housing, for which there is a low level of stock being released on to the market. The result is rising house prices. Over the past 12 months, asking prices have gone up by 9.5%.12月，英国最富有的1%人群的平均工资上升至每月13770英镑。
伦敦国王学院的经济学家桑德尔指出，在疫情期间，最富有的人的收入增长最快。
在新冠病毒肆虐期间，这一群体也可能是能够存最多钱的人。
最富有的人把钱花在哪里？其中一个地方就是住房，因为住房市场上的存量很低。
结果就是房价上涨。
在过去12个月里，住房要价上涨了9.5%。
This has a knock-on effect for renters. UK rents rose by 8.3% in the last three months of 2021. For would-be first-time buyers, the situation is as bad if not worse, with the current average price of £277,000 nearly £25,000 higher than just a year ago. Those looking to have a roof to live under will find little solace in official figures. These record an 11% drop in the number of total homes added in 2021 compared with the year before. The number of new affordable houses that began being built dropped 16% year-on-year. Shortages of labour and materials, as well as planning delays, will make it harder for the 11th Tory housing minister since 2010 to meet government targets for new homes.这对租客产生了连锁反应。
2019经济学人考研英文文章阅读七十九
Europe heroically defends itself against veggie burgers欧洲勇敢地保护自己免受素食汉堡的误导And there are plenty more misleading words it should ban此外，还有许多误导性的词汇应该被禁用The European Union gets a lot of flak.All right,it isn’t literally blasted with anti-aircraft fire,but you know what we mean.One ongoing battle (OK,nobody died)involves the use of words.欧盟遭受了高射炮群的袭击。
好吧，不是说欧盟真的被高射炮击中，但是你懂的。
一场涉及语言用法的战争正在进行（好吧，无人伤亡）。
（小编注：flak既有高射炮的含义，又有抨击、谴责的含义，这里实则是指的是受到谴责。
）Earlier this year,the European Parliament’s agriculture committee voted to prohibit the terms“burger”,“sausage”,“escalope”and“steak”to describe products that do not contain any meat.It was inspired by the European Court of Justice’s decision in2017to ban the use of“milk”,“butter”and“cream”for non-dairy products.今年年初，欧洲议会农业委员会经投票通过了一项议案，禁止用“汉堡”、“香肠”、“肉片”和“牛排”等字眼来描述任何不含肉类的食物。
2019经济学人考研英文文章阅读一一一
The legal cannabis market shrank in California last year去年，加州的合法大麻市场在萎缩Harbourside Cannabis in Oakland is a modern-day temple to the delights and possibilities of the botanical marvel that is the plant Cannabis sativa. Around the airy shop move a well-heeled clientele.They browse among offerings ranging from cannabis-infused chocolate to sparkling water and vape pens.奥克兰的哈伯赛德大麻公司是一座可供寻求快乐和见识到大麻种植奇观的现代庙宇。
一群有钱人在通透的大麻商店里来来往往。
他们浏览着从大麻巧克力到大麻起泡水和大麻电子烟等各式各样的大麻商品。
California was the first state to allow sales of medical cannabis in1996, and Harbourside one of the first shops in America to sell pot legally.Since January last year,the firm has also been able to sell pot for purely recreational purposes.1996年，加州成为美国首个允许销售医用大麻的州，哈伯赛德也是美国首批合法销售大麻的商店之一。
自去年1月以来，哈伯赛德也能销售纯娱乐用途的大麻了。
Thanks to its large number of“medical”users,California’s is the largest legal cannabis market in the world.But since the legalisation of adult sales, that market has been shrinking.得益于大批的“医疗”用户，加州成为了全球最大的合法大麻市场。
2019考研英语经济学人阅读1(英语学习).doc
2019考研英语经济学人阅读1（英语学习）联合国严厉制裁朝鲜The European Union announced that it will provide700m ($760m) in aid to accommodate migrants incountries overwhelmed by the refugee crisis. Most ofthe money is expected to go to Greece. AngelaMerkel, Germany’s chancellor, scolded Austria andother countries for clamping down on refugeearrivals, and vowed not to abandon Greece.欧盟宣布将向深陷难民危机的国家提供7亿欧元(7.6亿美元)的难民安置援助。
该援助的一大部分将给希腊。
德国总理安吉拉·默克尔(Angela Merkel)谴责奥地利等国家抵制难民入境的行为，并承诺不会放弃对希腊的援助。
The leader of Spain’s Socialist Party, Pedro Sánchez, failed in his first attempt to form aminority government with the upstart centrist Ciudadanos party. Both the centre-right PopularParty and the far-left Podemos party voted against the proposed coalition in parliament. If MrSánchez fails again in a second vote planned for March 4th, the caretaker government willprobably call new elections.西班牙工人社会党( Socialist Party)领导人彼得罗·桑切斯(Pedro Sánchez)与新兴中立公民党(Ciudadanos party)首次尝试组建少数党政府，但最终以失败告终。
2019经济学人考研英文文章阅读一二七
Why eating bugs is so popular in Congo刚果人为什么这么爱吃虫子？The creepy superfood is rich in protein and magnesium这种让人毛骨悚然的超级食物富含蛋白质和镁At a market in Goma,a city in the east of the Democratic Republic of Congo,an old woman pulls the wings off live grasshoppers and tosses their wriggling bodies into a bucket.She collected the insects from the airport at5am that morning,and will go back the next day.Grasshopper season has just begun.在刚果民主共和国东部城市戈马的一个市场上，一位老妇人将活蚱蜢的翅膀扯下来，然后把它们扭动的身体丢进桶里。
早上5点，她便去机场捉蚱蜢，直到第二天才回来。
蚱蜢繁殖的季节才刚刚开始。
Throughout November dozens of grasshopper-hunters gather at Goma airport most mornings.It is one of the few buildings in the city with constant electricity,and the lights that mark the runway attract swarms of the bug.整个11月，几乎每天都有几十个蚱蜢猎人聚集在戈马机场。
戈马机场是整个城市为数不多的几个持续供电的建筑之一，飞机跑道上的灯光吸引了成群结队的蚱蜢。
People stuff them into plastic bottles to take to market.Buyers season them with salt and eat them with rice or cassava.他们捉住蚱蜢塞进塑料瓶，然后拿到市场上去卖。
2019经济学人考研英文文章阅读一一七
In praise of dissenters赞扬那些持不同意见的人It pays companies to encourage a variety of opinions鼓励员工发出不同的声音有利于公司的发展The story of the emperor’s new clothes is one of Hans Christian Andersen’s best-known fables.Conmen fool the monarch into believing they have made him a fabulous suit that the unworthy will be unable to see.Courtiers dare not say that the emperor is naked;it takes a child to point out the obvious.《皇帝的新装》是安徒生最著名的寓言之一。
骗子欺骗国王，让国王相信他们为其做了一件愚人看不见的精美的服装。
大臣们不敢说国王是赤裸着身体的；只有一个小孩说出了显而易见的事实。
The moral is that people are often too hidebound by social convention to state their views.How many companies have ploughed ahead with expensive projects that were favoured by the chief executive,even when other managers have had doubts?这则寓言的寓意是，人们往往过于墨守成规，而不愿意说出自己的观点。
有多少公司会奋力推行首席执行官所青睐的成本高昂的项目，即使有其他管理者对该项目表示怀疑？In his new book“Rebel Ideas:The Power of Diverse Thinking”,Matthew Syed,a sportsman-turned-journalist,argues that the key to dealing withthis problem is“cognitive diversity”.In other words,assembling a team of people with different perspectives and intellectual backgrounds.运动员出身的记者马修·施雅德在其新书《反叛思想：多元化思维的力量》中认为，解决这一问题的关键在于“认知多样性”。
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A debate is under way about the cost of higher education
一场关于大学学费的辩论正在进行
In many ways the flood of bold,progressive policy proposals coursing across America’s political landscape began in2015,when Bernie Sanders, an independent senator from Vermont,put a plan to make higher education at public universities free at the centre of his upstart campaign for the presidency.
2015年，佛蒙特州的独立参议员伯尼·桑德斯将公立大学高等教育免费化作为其竞选总统的核心议题，自那之后，美国政坛开始涌现出各种大胆、进步的议题。
Then the idea seemed radical,even gimmicky.Now it is noteworthy when leading Democrats oppose the notion.Yet some do,for example Pete Buttigieg,the mayor of South Bend,and their arguments still pack a punch.
当时看来，这个想法有些激进，甚至有些噱头。
如今，值得一提的是，民主党主要成员都反对这一观点。
当然，也有一些人（比如南本德市市长皮特·布蒂吉格）支持这一观点，他们的观点很有说服力。
Why indeed should taxpayers’money be spent on the children of the rich rather than more generous financial aid for the poor?The Democratic
debate over free college is in fact part of a deeper disagreement about how best to structure a welfare state.
为什么纳税人的钱应该花在富家子弟身上，而非更加慷慨地去资助穷人？民主党关于免费大学的辩论实际上是有关如何更好地构建一个福利国家的更深层次的分歧。
Across much of the rich world,a public-university education is free or nearly free,apart from the cost of books and living expenses.(Danish students even receive a stipend to help pay for such things.)
在许多发达国家，除开书本费和生活费外，公立大学的教育往往是免费的或几乎是免费的。
(丹麦的学生甚至还能拿到助学金来支付书本费和生活费。
)
But those in America and Britain pay tuition fees which are high and growing higher.In Britain,a change in the law in1998allowed public universities to begin charging.
但美国和英国学生需要支付的学费却很高，并且越来越高了。
在英国，1998年的一项法律修正案开始允许公立大学收费。
The average tuition fee at four-year public universities in America has roughly tripled over the past three decades after adjusting for inflation. Rising fees represent an evolution towards a means-tested approach to
covering the rising cost of higher education,which has gone up steadily all around the world.
美国四年制公立大学的平均学费在过去三十年的时间里增长了近两倍（经通货膨胀调整后得出的）。
学费的上涨代表了一种趋势（通过一种覆盖了高等教育成本上涨的经济调查方法得出的），在全球范围内，高等教育的成本都在稳步上升。
Places like America and Britain pass some of this increase on to students in the form of higher fees,with the understanding that poorer students will receive financial aid while richer ones will bear the full tuition bill.
美国和英国等地通过提高学费的方式将增加的高等教育成本部分转嫁给学生，他们的想法是，贫困学生将获得经济资助，而富裕学生将承担全额学费。
To many politicians in these places,this seems just.Unlike primary or secondary education,university is a minority pursuit in most advanced economies.
在这些国家的许多政客看来，这似乎是公平的。
因为在大多数发达国家，不同于小学或中学教育，大学只是少数人的追求。
Across the OECD,a club of mostly rich countries,only about45%of adults aged25to34have some post-secondary education.Those people tend to come from richer families and to earn more than the population as a whole.
世界经济合作与发展组织（OECD）各成员国中，只有大约45%的25岁至34岁的成年人接受过高等教育。
这些人往往来自收入高于平均水平的富裕家庭。
A universal programme that mostly benefits a well-off not-quite-half of the country would seem a strange aspiration for egalitarian-minded politicians(though less strange for those desiring young people’s votes). Better to target aid at those from poorer families.
对于心怀平等主义思想的政治家来说，一个主要惠及不到一半的富裕人口的全民计划似乎是一种奇怪的愿景（当然，对于那些渴望得到年轻人手中选票的政客来说，就一点也不奇怪了）。
所以，最好还是把援助的目标对准那些寒门学子吧。
(红色标注词为重难点词汇)
重难点词汇：
proposal[prə'pozl]n.提议，建议；求婚
gimmicky['gɪmɪki]adj.耍花招的；巧妙手法的；噱头的
stipend['staɪpɛnd]n.薪金；生活津贴，薪俸；助学津贴
inflation[ɪn'fleʃən]n.膨胀；通货膨胀；夸张；自命不凡
pursuit[pɚ'sut]n.追赶，追求；职业，工作。