胡志文老师的作业

Cooperative Language Learning
Background
Cooperative learning is learning in small groups where interaction is structured
according to carefully worked-out principles. The method, which was
Approach:theory of language and theory of learning
1.Cooperative learning is based on a social-constructivist view of learning: One builds up one's own understanding of the world through
interdependence.
• Individual accountability :involves both group and individual performance • Social skills :determine the way students interact with each other as
在 北 美 ，来 自各 个 研 究 机 构 的 语 言 学 家 和 教 育 家 对 于 内 容教 学 法 的 理 论 支撑 比 比 皆 是 ， 包 括 加 拿 大 语 言 学 家Cummins 提 出 的 语 言 能 力 假 设 ， 美 国语 言 学 家 K r a s h e n 提 出 的 二 语
• Content-Based Instruction refers to an approach to second language teaching in which teaching is organized around the content or information that students will acquire, rather than around a linguistic or other type of syllabus. It is based on the following two central principles: • a. People learn a second language more successfully when they use the language as a means of acquiring information, rather than as an end in itself.
• Positive interdependent: occurs when group members feel that what helps one member helps all and what hurts one member hurts all. • Group formation :is an important factor in creating positive
•
b. Content-Based Instruction better reflects learners' needs for learning a
second language .
II. Characteristics of CBI
• 1) Learners are exposed to language while learning about other content areas. • 2) Content areas are relevant to learners' academic and/or professional
CBI ( Content —based Instruction ) 教 学 理 念 起 源于 西 方 。西 方 学 者 奥 古 斯 丁 ( St.Augustine ) 于 公 元 3 8 9年 提 出 在语 言 教 学 中 应 该 以 有 意 义 的 内 容 为 中心 的 观 点 .而 CBI 教 学 理 念 被 广 泛 关 注 是 从 2 0世纪 8 O年 代 开 始 的 ， 语 言 与 内 容 整 合 式 教 学 ( the integration of language and content instruction ) 逐 渐 成 为 教育 界 和 语 言 界 广 泛 关 注 的 现 象 。默 汗 ( Mohan ) 是 20世 纪 80年 代 CBI教 学 理 念 兴 起 奠 基 人 之 一 。 他 于1 9 8 6年 发 表 了 关 于 内 容 型 语 言 教 学 的 著 作 《 语 言 与内容 》， 这 一 著 作 的 发 表 对 于 许 多 国 家 广 泛 地 采 用 内容 型 教 学 法 起 到 了 推 波 助 澜 的 作 用 ， 从 此 C B I 教 学理 念 得 到 普 遍 推 广 .
4. learners have different proficiency levels, some groups of students may get
more benefits from it than others.
Content- Based Instruction
Background
习 得 模 式 — — “ 监 察 模 式 ” 等 。 在 苏联 ， 教 育 心 理 学 家 维
果茨 基 ( Vygotsky, Lev.S ) 的 交互 理 论 也 成 为 C B I 教 学 理 论
不 断 完 善 的 不 可 或 缺 的一部 分 。
Introduction of Content-Based Instruction
provides students with knowledge of the subject matter, but also aims to promote their learning of the target language.
• 5) A focus is placed on developing academic and/or professional language proficiency.
even need to try equally hard and also be able to share other’s victory).
3. It places considerable demands on teachers, who may have difficulty adapting to the new roles required of them.
a) foster cooperation rather than competition b)develop critical thingking skills c)develop communicative competence
key elements of successful group-based learning.
Theory of learing • Learners develop communicative competence in a language by conversing
in socially or pedagogically structures situations
Objectives
• 6) Authentic materials are used to present content matter.
• 7) The use of authentic materials lends itself to the integration of skills, to increased motivation, and to increased cognitive and linguistic complexity.
3. to provide opportunities for learners to develop successful learning and
communication skills. 4. to enhance learner motivation and reduce learner stress and to create a
positive affective.
Disadvantages
1.students can‘t accept their new roles easily that means teacher should not take the oriented role anymore, but handle it to students. 2.some bad habits may occur among students(such as some students don‘t
developed in USA, arose among other things out of concern that the traditional school was creating far too many losers, destroying the spontaneous joy of learning in many young people and failing to develop one of the most important things one will need in later life, i.e. the ability to cooperate with others. Cooperative learning can be used at all age levels, from kindergarten to university. It is much more than just a bag of tricks to make teaching run more smoothly. It is a different way of conceiving teaching