《国际市场情报搜集》课程制作脚本(第1版)[1]
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数字出版物国际市场拓展考核试卷

B.知识性
C.娱乐性
D.广告植入
12.在国际市场拓展中,以下哪个因素可能导致版权问题?()
A.语言差异
B.文化差异
C.法律法规差异
D.经济差异
13.以下哪个不是数字出版物在市场推广方面的挑战?()
A.竞争激烈
B.用户需求多样化
C.技术更新迅速
D.版权保护严格
14.以下哪个不是数字出版物国际市场拓展的主要目标?()
2.本地化策略包括内容、语言、文化适应等,有助于提高产品接受度,增强市场竞争力。
3.版权保护应通过法律手段和技术手段进行,对保护知识产权、提升品牌形象至关重要。
4.创新营销策略如跨平台推广、社交媒体互动等,可提高用户参与度,增强市场影响力。
数字出版物国际市场拓展考核试卷
考生姓名:答题日期:得分:判卷人:
一、单项选择题(本题共20小题,每小题1分,共20分,在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的)
1.数字出版物在国际市场拓展中,最关键的环节是:()
A.产品质量
B.定价策略
C.版权问题
D.市场调研
2.以下哪个不是数字出版物的主要特点?()
四、判断题(本题共10小题,每题1分,共10分,正确的请在答题括号中画√,错误的画×)
1.数字出版物在国际市场的定价可以完全参照国内市场的定价策略。()
2.文化差异不会影响数字出版物在国际市场的接受度。()
3.在国际市场拓展中,数字出版物的本地化是提高市场占有率的重要手段。()
4.数字出版物的互动性越强,其在国际市场的竞争力就越弱。()
A.市场调研
B.产品质量
C.营销策略
D.合作伙伴关系
14.数字出版物在适应国际市场时,以下哪些方面可能需要调整?()
国际商务谈判脚本

第一轮谈判(双方人员入场,握手,入座,秘书分发资料)德主:此次是我们第一次合作。
首先我方感谢贵方的盛情款待,希望本次谈判能够取得圆满成功,双方能够维持长期友好的合作关系。
中主:当然,我方对贵公司早已是耳闻已久,同时也很想能和贵公司长期合作。
(分宾主入座)下面我来介绍下我方代表,中方主谈:A中方技术部经理:B中方财务部经理:C中方销售代表:D中方秘书:E德主:那么我也来介绍下我方代表,德方主谈:F德方技术顾问:G德方财务代表:H德方法律顾问:I德方秘书:J(落座)中主:F,本公司与贵公司合作的诚意,想必贵方也了解。
我们此次引进贵方的生产线是希望扩大公司的市场份额,而这也是贵公司品牌进入中国市场的好机会。
德主:A,我们当然也希望能和贵公司合作,但是我希望贵方能够理解我们的担忧。
贵公司的实力是有目共睹的,然而我依然希望能够进一步了解贵方的生产技术水平。
希望这个要求不会让您为难。
中主:当然不会,F,您的担心也是有道理的,毕竟像这种技术性很强的合作项目如果双方的差异太大的话有很麻烦。
这么就请我们公司的技术部经理B详细的介绍一下。
(B边播放PPT,边介绍)德技术顾问:对不起B,我可以向您提个问题吗?中技术经理:当然。
德技术顾问:刚才您的介绍很详细,但是却忽略了引进我们的生产线后负责操作的技术人员,请问他们的操作能力能够达到什么水平,因为我们这套生产线操作系统是全计算机控制的,所以我不得不问。
中技术经理:G,我们的技术工人的操作水平是可靠的。
为了这次的引进,我们特地从厂中抽调了一批有计算机基础的工人,相信经过贵方的培训一定可以很好的操作。
(G点点头,与德主低声说了句话,德主轻轻点点头。
B回到座位。
)中主:贵方是否还有其他的疑问?德主:哦,没有。
贵方介绍的十分详细。
中主:那么是否请贵方也重新介绍下整个生产线那?德主:当然。
(G起身,讲解整条生产线及产品,过程中)中销售经理:对不起G,请问像这种打印机它主要的卖点是什么?德技术顾问:这种五色套色印刷机能够自动调色,可连续印刷五种不同颜色。
十天搞定外贸函电-毅冰(电子版)

目录一、Pre-business contact (4)1.Requesting business appointment (4)2.Scheduling visiting itinerary (5)3.Cancelling the meeting (6)4.Following-up after meeting (7)5.Contacting after fairs (8)6.Developing potential customer (9)7.Introducing our advantage (10)8.Highlighting speciality (11)二、Doing business (12)9.Counter offer to new inquiries (12)10.Counter offer to specific inquiries (13)11.Counter offer to non-specific inquiries (14)12.Following-up inquiry from current customer (15)13.Recommending new product 推荐新产品 (16)14.Replying questions 回答客户问题 (17)15.Prompt & accurate quotation 快速准确的报价 (18)16.Detailed & professional quotation 详细专业的报价 (19)17.Replying to customer bargain 回复客户砍价 (20)18.Price negotiating 价格谈判 (21)19.Final price confirmed 最终价格确认 (22)20.Preparing samples to customer 准备样品 (23)21.Requesting the courier account 向客户询问到付账号 (24)22.Requesting sampling charge 支付样品费 (25)23.Asking for sample evaluation 询问样品评估 (26)24.Packaging confirmation 包装确认 (27)25.Color confirmation 颜色确认 (28)26.Artwork confirmation 确认设计稿 (29)27.Acknowledging other requests 了解客户其他需求 (30)三、Order follow-up 订单操作 (31)28.Receiving PO (31)29.Payment terms discussion 付款方式谈判 (32)30.Negotiating payment terms 交涉付款条款 (33)31.Conformation for final PO 收到最终订单 (34)32.Sending PI 形式发票再次确认 (35)33.Preparing pre-production samples准备产前样品 (36)34.Placing order to vendor 下单给供应商 (37)35.Package re-conformation 更改包装 (38)36.Receiving revised PO 重新制作订单 (39)37.Re-preparing new PI 重新制作形式发票 (40)38.Re-arranging samples 重新准备样品 (41)39.Advising the production status 告知客户生产情况 (42)40.Applying 3rd party for factory evaluation 申请第三方验厂 (43)41.Applying 3rd party for inspection 申请第三方验货 (44)42.Failed in inspection 验货未通过 (45)43.Applying re-inspection 申请重新验货 (46)44.Shipping details confirmation 装运细节 (47)45.Keep customer informed the ship date & ETA 告知装运和到期 (48)四、Payment terms (49)46.Documentary submission & payment push (49)47.Receiving the payment made from customer 收到付款通知 (50)48.Asking bank receipt 请提供银行水单 (51)49.Re-discussion for payment 付款错误处置 (52)50.Rec’d pay’t inform 告知客户款项收到 (53)51.Propose amendment to L/C 请客户更改信用证 (54)52.Propose acceptation of L/C Discrepancy (55)53.Payment terms confirmation to new order 新订单的付款方式 (56)五、Claim settling (57)54.Quality complaints 质量投诉 (57)55.Delivery time complaints 投诉交货期 (58)56.Service complaints 服务投诉 (59)57.Apology & solutions 道歉及解决方案 (60)pensation claim 客户索赔 (61)pensation negotiation 赔偿谈判 (62)60.Application for compensation installment 申请分批赔付 (63)61.Application for deferred compensation 延期赔付申请 (64)pensation refusal 拒绝赔偿 (66)pensation alternatives 其他方式代替赔偿 (67)六、After-sale service 售后跟进 (68)64.Inquiring sales 询问产品销售情况 (68)65.Hold latest market tendency 掌握最新市场动向 (69)66.Similar products discussion 讨论类似产品 (70)67.Solutions to defect 针对缺陷的改进方案 (71)68.Cost reduction advice 降低成本的建议 (72)69.Professional advice 专业意见 (73)70.Other series recommendation 推荐其他产品 (74)test products information 给客户最新的产品信息 (75)72.After-sale service hotline 售后服务电话 (76)七、Other daily working (77)73.Auto-reply for business trip 出差自动回复 (77)74.Fair arrangement inform 通知展会安排 (78)75.New website inform 通知客户新网站完成 (79)pany address change inform 公司地址变更通知 (80)77.E-mail change inform 邮件地址变更 (81)78.Auto-reply for sick leave (82)79.Announcing new office regulations 宣布公司新规定 (82)80.Transfer notification 职务调动通知 (83)81.Internal work adjustment notification (84)82.Annual leave announcement 休假通知 (85)83.Resignation announcement 离职通知 (86)84.Retirement announcement 退休通知 (87)八、Personal affairs 私人往来 (88)85.Marriage announcement (88)86.Inviting co-workers to dinner party (89)87.Announcing the birth of a child (89)88.Inviting customer for a dinner 邀请客户聚餐 (90)89.Private conversation with customer 与客户的私人联系 (91)90.Seeking for helping hand 寻求帮助 (92)九、Special greetings 特别问候 (93)91.X’mas greetings 圣诞问候 (93)92.New year greetings 新年问候 (94)93.Chinese new year greetings (95)94.Thanksgiving day greetings 感恩节问候 (96)95.Halloween greetings 万圣节问候 (96)96.Holiday greetings 长假问候 (97)97.Marriage celebrating (98)98.Promotion celebrating 祝贺升职 (98)99.Get-well messages 祝早日康复 (99)100.Sending a small gift 寄送小礼物 (100)十、Detailed issues 细节问题 (101)一、Pre-business contact1.Requesting business appointmentDear Michael,Glad to meet you at canton fair! We’re pleased to know that you will come to Shanghai next week.If possible, please visit our company then. We could collect your interested items together in our showroom.Looking forward to your reply!RegardsPeter2.Scheduling visiting itineraryDear Michael,Thank you for your prompt reply! It is OK for us on 2nd Feb.Could you please advise your flight No.? We will arrange the pick-up at Shanghai Hongqiao airport and drive you to Hilton hotel after meeting.Kindly let me know if any change about your trip.Thanks and best regards,Peter3.Cancelling the meetingPeter ,As I have another meeting in Qingdao , I won’t come to Shanghai in this trip.Maybe next time.Sincerely,Michael4.Following-up after meetingJohn,According to your selection this morning, we’re now preparing for the offer sheet, and will send it to you in 3 days.Best regards,Stanley5.Contacting after fairsDear catty,Thank you for visiting our booth inkoln Fair.According to your selection for hand tool kit, please find the photos with offer recap in attachment.I’m now checking with colleagues about the packaging info, and will send you the quotes in detail ASAP.The testing report will be sent to you in another separate mail.Best regards,Arthur6.Developing potential customerDear Judy,Glad to find your e-mail address from website.We supply all kinds of hand tools to global market with good quality and reasonable price, and very familiar with ANSI, BS, DIN, NF & JIS tool standards.Per my visiting your company web, I found that you have several chain stores in Europe, US and Japan. It is our pleasure to find a way to cooperate with you!Here attached some photos for our showroom and some current hot-selling items.I will send you the offer sheet, factory audit report and 3rd party testing report in other separate e-mails soon.Best regards,Shirley cheng7.Introducing our advantageJudy,Please find the 3rd party testing report in attachment. We have full of confidence to meet your quality level.By the way, kindly also find our advantage below.1)Have cooperated with a lot of importers in US for more than 8 years.2)Experienced in doing business with big customers.3)Quick delivery time for decent orders.4)Own designing team for new products development.5)Factory audited by SGS, INTERTEK & WAL-MART.6)Free samples could be provided.Any further questions, please do not hesitate to inform us!Best regards,Shirley8.Highlighting specialityDear Judy,Thank you so much for your prompt reply with nice suggestions. The delivery time for producing 3000 sets of tool kits in your brand is 30-40 days after order confirmed.In fact, It is no problem for us to handle OEM orders. But actually, we have other 2 options below to help to you save the cost.Option 1:Please add the quantity to 4000 sets to fill a full 40’FCL. The freight cost for each set will be cheaper than LCL shipment. By the way, as I mentioned in the offer sheet, the MOQ for each item in OEM is one 40’ container, or we have to charge USD 200 as handling cost.Option 2:If you’d like to keep the previous quantity, we suggest you doing this order in our brand and current packaging to save the extra cost. No handling charge or firm charge will be needed. And the delivery time could be shortened to 20 days.Kindly check and advise your comments and decision.Thanks and best regards,Shirley cheng二、Doing business9.Counter offer to new inquiriesDear Abby,We’re so pleased to receive your inquiry through Global .I will check with our manager about the unit price for each item, and give you reply with quotation in 3 days.Any other interest, please also let me know.Best regards,Scott wang10.Counter offer to specific inquiriesDear Mr. Lee,Very glad to meet you in the Canton Fair yesterday!Concerning your inquired item #TD-JIC 2685, please find our offer as follows. Also attached the quote sheet in detail for your review. Items: 200W Power InverterArticle No. : TD-JIC 2685Specification: Could power a variety of electronic products with safe operationCertificate & testing report: ETLPackaging: Color boxPackaging Size: 15.8”x7.8”x2.4”Weight: 1.8 lbsSamples could be prepared in 5 working days. Please help to send me your address in detail with courier account, if you would like to evaluate the samples.We look forward to your reply soon!Best regards,Hugo11.Counter offer to non-specific inquiriesDear Sally,Thank you for your inquiry for our products!But frankly speaking, we’re a trading company with a wide range of different products. Here are our main categories below.1)Hand tool & power tool2)Art & craft3)Home textile4)Sporting accessories5)Outdoor decor6)Home use glasswarePlease find our company profile in attachment. If any interest, we’re willing to give you offer as per your request.Best regards,Spenser Ding12.Following-up inquiry from current customerCelina,Have you got my quotes dated on April 3rd? Any comments or feedback from your customer?If the price too high, we could do some changes to reduce the cost.By the way, I’m going to attend the Canton Fair phase I nest week. My colleague will send you our booth number later.We look forward to your early reply.Millie13.Recommending new product 推荐新产品Dear Mr. Yamada,How are you recently? Long time no contact with you!Any news for the samples we sent you several months ago? Do you have some buying plan this year?I would like to recommend you our new hair dryer model as below. Please find the photos and instruction manual in attachment.Model: Portable hair dryerItem No. : HKK-96666Power: 1900WFunction: 2 speed/ 3 heat settings; Cool short functionColor: AllPacking: Color boxSample lead time: immediatelyWe have passed the testing and got the PSE certificate. Would you like to evaluate the sample in advance?Thanks and best regards,Pierre de RoyerVP-Sales & Marketing14.Replying questions 回答客户问题Dear May,Thanks for getting me back for my quotation.According to your questions, please find our reply as follows.●Is it possible to do O/A 45 days?According to our company rules, we could only do T/T or L/C at sight.I think we could make a compromise to do L/C with you.●What is your main market? Turnover?Our main market is USA, and turnover is roughly 5 million USD per year.●Have you cooperated with other customers in Germany?Who are they?Yes, we got orders from OTTO and QVC in Germany via importers in Europe.●Do you have interest to do our own design items?Absolutely! We have big interest!●How many staffs in your company?Roughly 35 in the office, and 10 inspectors.If you have any further questions, please let me know.Thanks and best regards,Adeline ZhangSales Manager-EU term15.Prompt & accurate quotation 快速准确的报价Dear Flora,Thanks for mailing me back and notifying us your requested item with details!Please find the detailed estimate in attachment. Samples could be prepared on request.Kindly check and let me know if any other questions.Sincerely yours,Jessica Li16.Detailed & professional quotation 详细专业的报价Dear Clair,This is Kerry from ABC Trading Inc. According to your inquiry of grease gun, I was wondering if you could accept our price USD5.65/pc. Per our conversation on HK fair, the estimate USD 5.30/pc was based on the simple packaging of poly bag with sticker, not the color box as you confirmed finally.Enclosed please find the instruction manual, die-cut of color box and offer sheet.Your prompt reply would be greatly appreciated!Regards,Kerry Hu17.Replying to customer bargain 回复客户砍价Dear Clair,I’m so sorry that we couldn’t meet your target of USD 5.30/pc with color box!As I mentioned in my previous mail, our price was based on the different packaging method.Anyway, we could reduce our margin to establish our business. Our final price is USD 5.50 with a color box, and USD 5.20 with a poly bag. If you’d like to do promotion for this item, we suggest you confirm the poly bag instead. According to our experience, other customers mainly use this simple packaging for EU market.Please help to check with buyer and advise the comments.Best regards,Kerry HuPlease help to check with buyer and give me reply soon.Would you accept EUR 3.50/pc as final price?We could give you a special discount of 10% if the quantity up to 1X40’HQ.I have to recheck the price and see if we could meet your target.We are desperate to get your price confirmation to proceed.18.Price negotiating 价格谈判Dear Clair,To be candid with you, we have no margin to reduce the pricing again.In fact, the price is very important to win this order, but the quality counts for much more. We couldn’t debase our quality to achieve your price aim. I’m sorry!I have discussed with our top management, and decided to proceed inbelow suggestion.●USD 5.50/pc, with color box packaging, based on 10,000 pcs●USD 5.20/pc, with simple poly bag packaging, based on 10,000 pcs●3% will be provided as a special discount, when quantity up to 30,000pcsPlease help to consider and inform us which way is better for you. We understand that you have to test your local market and retail price. And we’re pleased to do a trial order for you with small quantity in our first business. Maybe 5000-8000 pcs is workable for you to make a decision, with no price increase.Best regards,Kerry HuPrice is important, but quality counts for much more.10% discount will be provided if you double the quantity.19.Final price confirmed 最终价格确认Dear Clair,Very glad to hear that you confirmed the price of USD 5.20/pc. It is our pleasure to be on service of you about the 7500 pcs trial order. Please find the PI in attachment, with unit price, packaging, carton info, delivery time, payment terms, etc. If no additional questions, kindly sign and stamp it and send me back.As soon as we receive the confirmed PI, we’ll do the final sampling at once.Any other questions, please let me know.Best regards,Kerry HuWe’ll arrange the production as long as we receive your approval email. Deal! Please send me updated offer sheet ASAP.Your final estimate is 5% than your competitions.I will consider doing business with your company if you could accept the 10000 pcs this time.Good price! But we cannot accept your packing suggestion. I will give you our idea later.20.Preparing samples to customer 准备样品Dear Clair,We’re now doing the samples, and will finish them before this weekend.I will send you them for quality approval.Best regards,Kerry HuSamples will be ready/finished/completed in three days.We’ll do the finalization after samples received.Please do sampling as quickly as possible, as we have to show them in the coming Dubai fair.I will do my best catch your itinerary.We will let you know about the sample status.21.Requesting the courier account 向客户询问到付账号Hi Clair,Samples were just completed, and passed our internal inspection. Please check the photos in attachment.Would you like us to send them to you? Which express company do you prefer? Please advise your courier account. Thank you!Best regards,Kerry HuWe want you to look over the attached photos of samples and give us your comments.22.Requesting sampling charge 支付样品费Dear Clair,Greetings!Glad to get your approval for our final samples. Just following up to let you know that we do the new samples strictly according to your logo printing, but please pay for the film charge USD 300 by your side. After order placed, you could deduct this cost when balancing the payment. Enclosed please find our bank account file.Please advise your opinion. Thank you!Best regards,Kerry HuJust following up to let you know that we already did the packaging as your request.23.Asking for sample evaluation 询问样品评估Dear Clair,Good morning! Have you enjoyed a nice weekend?I’m sure that you’re very busy every Monday, and really sorry to trouble you at this time. Just following up to check whether you received our samples? Does everything okay?If any questions, please do not hesitate to contact me.Best regards,Kerry HuI’m desperate to get your approval for samples.There are some minor details that I’d like to check with you.Hope our samples could match your request.We will send you 1pc of sample, and keep the other one for our records.24.Packaging confirmation 包装确认Dear Clair,As per your order, the packaging is poly bag with printing, right?But our previous discussion is just poly bag, without any other additional charge. If you insist on the printing on poly bag, we have to increase the unit price a little.By the way, we could do a sticker for you, and put the right side on each poly bag, free of charge.Please advise your decision. Thanks.Best regards,Kerry HuThanks a million for your confirmed order.I’m particularly interested in double blister.The same slide card packaging as your current items.12 pcs per inner box and 96 pcs per outer carton.Double corrugated carton 双瓦楞纸箱25.Color confirmation 颜色确认Dear Clair,Thanks for your kind notice! Please hereby re-confirm the color for your orders.PMS137 (orange), 2500 pcsPMS362 (green), 2500 pcsPMS418 (dark grey), 1500 pcsPMS637 (light blue), 1000 pcsIf no problem, we’ll send you some color pieces before mass production for approval.Best regards,Kerry HuPlease advise the CMYK for your pattern.Please send me the color swatches for confirmation.Color difference is not allowed for our orders.As you know, we have to keep the same package color of our items when displaying in our supermarkets.We’ll do the final inspection strictly according to PMS color.26.Artwork confirmation 确认设计稿Dear Clair,Please find the files in attachment, with details below.1.Artwork for shipping mark2.Artwork for logo printing position3.Draft for multi-language warnings on poly bag4.Die-cut for packaging5.Barcode with sizePlease check the attached multi-language instruction manual.Please send me the draft for EAN code.Here enclosed the artwork for your 5c logo design.I will give you the final artwork for PDQ soon.27.Acknowledging other requests 了解客户其他需求Mass production statusDear Clair,How are you?Per you current order, do you have some additional comments?We’re now doing the mass production for goods, and the color box with cartons will be completed next Wednesday.It will take us roughly 7 days for packaging and testing. And the final inspection time is OK for us after 10 days. Would you like us to do the internal inspection for you? Or ask the 3rd party to take the responsibility?By the way, I would like to recommend you some new items. Please check another email with full photos and descriptions.Any interest, please keep me posted. I have all samples on hand, and could send them at any time.I look forward to hearing from you soon.Kind regards,Kerry HuHere attached the photos for some of our new products.Take the responsibility for the final inspection.三、Order follow-up 订单操作28.Receiving PODear Stephy,Attached you can find the order W-XK153 for 6 pcs screwdriver set. We’d like to change L/C at sight into T/T 30 days.We need urgently 3 sets of samples. Give me the tracking number after arrangement.Sincerely,EvaWe could only accept L/C 60 days as payment terms.Please arrange the sampling in our selected Pantone No. ASAP.Only a trial order will be placed this time!If 5% discount provided, we’ll decide to place another 1X40’FCL.Drop test procedure: 摔箱跌落测试确定高度,一角三边六面测试。
G.822(ITU标准)

INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION)45 4'TELECOMMUNICATIONSTANDARDIZATION SECTOROF ITU$)')4!, .%47/2+3#/.42/,,%$ 3,)0 2!4% /"*%#4)6%3 /. !. ).4%2.!4)/.!, $)')4!, #/..%#4)/.)45 4 Recommendation '(Extract from the "LUE "OOK)NOTES1ITU-T Recommendation G.822 was published in Fascicle III.5 of the Blue Book. This file is an extract from the Blue Book. While the presentation and layout of the text might be slightly different from the Blue Book version, the contents of the file are identical to the Blue Book version and copyright conditions remain unchanged (see below).2In this Recommendation, the expression “Administration” is used for conciseness to indicate both a telecommunication administration and a recognized operating agency.© ITU 1988, 1993All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the ITU.Recommendation G.822CONTROLLED SLIP RATE OBJECTIVES ON AN INTERNATIONAL DIGITAL CONNECTION(Geneva, 1980; further amended)1GeneralThis Recommendation deals with end-to-end controlled octet slip rate objectives for 64-kbit/s international digital connections. The objectives are presented for various operational conditions in relation to the evaluation of connection quality.Under design conditions for digital network nodes and within defined normal transmission characteristics, it may be assumed that there are zero slips in a synchronized digital network. However, the defined transmission characteristics can be exceeded under operating conditions and cause a limited number of slips to occur even in a synchronized network.Under temporary loss of timing control within a particular synchronized network, additional slips may be incurred, resulting in a larger number of slips for an end-to-end connection.With plesiochronous operation, the number of slips on the international links will be governed by the sizes of buffer stores and the accuracies and the stabilities of the interconnecting national clocks.2Scope and considerations2.1The end-to-end slip rate performance should satisfy the service requirements for telephone and non-telephone services on a 64-kbit/s digital connection in an ISDN.2.2The slip rate objectives for an international end-to-end connection are stated with reference to the standard digital Hypothetical Reference Connection (HRX) of Figure 1/G.801 [1] of 27 500 km in length.2.3It is assumed that international switching centres (ISC) are interconnected by international links which are operating plesiochronously, using clocks with accuracies as specified in Recommendation G.811. It is recognized that one slip in 70 days per plesiochronous interexchange link is the resulting maximum theoretical slip rate, taking into account clock accuracies according to Recommendation G.811 only, and provided that the performance of the transmission and switching requirements remain within their design limits.2.4In the case where the connection includes all of the 13 nodes identified in the HRX (Recommendation G.801) and these nodes are all operating together in a plesiochronous mode, the nominal slip performance of a connection could be 1 in 70/12 days or 1 in 5.8 days. However, since in practice some nodes in such a connection would be part of the same synchronized network a better nominal slip performance can be expected (e.g. where the National Networks at each end are synchronized. The Nominal Slip Performance of the connection would be 1 in 70/4 or 1 in 17.5 days).Note - These calculations assume a maximum of four international links.2.5In a practical international end-to-end connection containing both international and national portions, the slip rate may significantly exceed the value computed from n plesiochronous interexchange links due to various design, environmental and operational conditions in international and national sections. These include:a)configuration of the international digital network,b)national timing control arrangements,c)wander due to extreme temperature variations,d)operational performance characteristics of various types of switches and transmission links (includingdiurnal variations of satellite facilities),e)temporary disturbances on transmission and synchronization links (network rearrangements, protectionswitching, human errors, etc.).Note - The maximum number, n, of plesiochronous interexchange links is under study.Fascicle III.5 - Rec. G.82212.6 A threshold of slip performance is a suitable compromise between desired service requirements and normally achievable performance. Slip levels according to category (b) (see Table 1/G.822) exceeding this threshold will begin to affect performance and can cause some services to be considered degraded. In order to ensure that a trend of performance has been identified, the threshold rate must be measured over a sufficient period to record a significant number of slips. An objective limit is placed on the total time that the threshold is exceeded during the period of one year. The performance objectives are intended to represent a uniform set of specifications.Slip is one of several contributing factors to impairment of a digital connection. The performance objectives for the rate of octet slips on an international connection of 27 500 km in length or a corresponding bearer channel are given in Table 1/G.822. Further study is required to confirm that these values are compatible with other objectives, e.g. the error performance as listed in Recommendation G.821.TABLE 1/G.822Controlled slip performance on a 64 kbit/sinternational connection or bearer channelPerformance category Mean slip rate Proportion of time(Note 1)(a)≤ 5 slips in 24 hours> 98.9 %(Note 2)< 1.0 %(b)> 5 slips in 24 hoursand≤ 30 slips in 1 hour(c)> 30 slips in 1 hour< 0.1 %Note 1 - Total time ≥ 1 year.Note 2 - The nominal slip performance due to plesiochronous operation alone is not expected to exceed 1 slipin 5.8 days (see § 2.4).3Allocation of impairments3.1The probability of more than one section of the network experiencing excessive slips which will simultaneously affect any given connection, is low. Advantage is taken of this factor in the allocation process.3.2Because the impact of slips occurring in different parts of a connection will vary in importance depending upon the type of service and the level of traffic affected, the allocation process includes placing tighter limits on slips detected at international and national transit exchanges and less stringent limits on small local exchanges.3.3The recommended allocation process is based on subdividing the percentage of time objectives for performance categories (b) and (c) (Table 1/G.822). A provisional allocation is made to the various portions of the HRX as shown in Table 2/G.822.2Fascicle III.5 - Rec. G.822Fascicle III.5 - Rec. G.8223TABLE 2/G.822Allocation of controlled slip performance objectives Portion of HRX derived Allocated proportion of eachobjective inObjectives as proportion of total timefrom Figure 1/G.801 [1]Table 1/G.822(b)(c)International transit portion 8.0 %0.08 %0.008 %Each nationaltransit portion(Note 2)6.0 %0.06 %0.006 %Each local portion(Note 2)40.0 %0.4 %0.04 %Note 1 - The portions of the HRX are defined in Figure 1/G.822. They are derived from but not identical to Recommendation G.801.Note 2 - The allocation between national transit portion and local portion is given for guidance only. Administrations are free to adopt a different apportionment provided the total for each national portion (local plus transit) does not exceed 46%.Note 3 - Performance levels are defined in Table 1/G.822.Note 4 - Total time ≥ one year.Reference[1]CCITT Recommendation Digital transmission models , Vol. III, Rec. G.801, Figure 1/G.801.。
竞争情报的收集方法

2.3 竞争情报搜集Байду номын сангаас途径
2 竞争对手的信息: 2)产品或服务。 d)产品项目情报。主要通过订阅行业协会出版物、产品样本和 手册;检索数据库;询问经销商和直接联系竞争对手等途径 获得。 3)财务和资信。 若竞争对手为上市公司,其财务信息可通过查阅其向社会公布 的财务报告获得。上市公司的财务报告可分为年度报告和季 度报告。上市公司的年度报告几乎能囊括所有作为商业秘密 的工业普查资料上的企业财务信息,比如营业收入、净利润、 总资产、股东权益、每股收益、每股净资产、股东户数、持 股数、持股前几名大股东的情况、股本变化及股本结构、资 金运用、会计政策、原材料、投资、负债、债券、库存,还 包括客户情况、内部管理、人事等信息,不仅有数量指标, 还有质量指标供分析时参考。(请对财务报告举例)
2.3 竞争情报搜集的途径
例子:一个日本纸制品生产商,想在美国的一个小镇投资建立 一个造纸厂,而在此处已经有了一个美国的造纸厂。这个日 本商人认为,是否在此处继续投资的判断标准在于当地的纸 制品市场是否饱和。这个问题可以通过研究这家美国工厂是 否达到或接近满负荷运转来找到答案。如果这家工厂已经达 到满负荷运转则说明市场尚未饱和;如果还未达到满负荷运 转则说明市场已经饱和。但由于该厂在美国只是一家小厂, 其产量数据通过公开渠道不易获得。因此,这个日本商人就 设计了如下方法进行测量:在该工厂用火车送货出厂的铁轨 上安装了一个震动测量装置,这样就可以测出该工厂出厂产 品的数量。另一方面,他通过与该厂工人聊天,获得了该厂 生产设备型号及数量的数据,并由此估算出该厂的最大生产 能力。通过计算,他发现该厂的产量已经达到设计生产能力 的90%以上。这个日本商人由此推断出,当地的纸制品市场 尚未饱和。因此决定在这里投资,最终大获成功。 阅读以上案例,你获得了什么启发?
R01564素材

华东师大出版社教辅分社书目(全国市场)多功能题典--- 一套像使用Google和百度一样方便检索的超级题典题典类图书的重要特征在于将学科知识以题解形式进行科学、系统的归纳整理,并给出解题思路,以提高学生解决问题和分析问题的能力。
本丛书在这一基本特色的基础上,为方便读者使用,更为了提高效率,开发了多项功能,尤其是超强的检索功能。
为配套本书,出版社开通了强大的网上检索功能,当你需要某种检索时,进入网站( )后,可以方便地从难度、题型、知识点、方法技巧等不同维度,及关键字进行组合检索,就像使用Google和百度一样方便。
卓越备考解题高手(第四版)奥数教程(第四版)《物理竞赛教程》《化学竞赛教程》优等生数学―― 如果说“奥数”是提供给4%的优等生,那么本书是提供给20%的优等生如果你已经是优等生,不妨一读;如果你想成为优等生,不能不读优等生数学优等生数学(9年级)余红兵2007.6 18《高中数学课本中的基本解题方法》-—高考题源于课本,可用基本方法解决,这是审题的一个原则。
本书让你学会并掌握基《数学奥林匹克小丛书》――在每一个细节上都考虑到方便学生使用本丛书内容丰富、选材新颖、具有时代感,为广大学生所喜闻乐见。
装订灵活别致,在页面的内侧打有一行齿痕,便于撕取。
既适合在老师指导下集体使用,也适合学生个别使用。
走向IMO《百题大过关》中考必备精彩阅读丛书名 中考必备 '08全国中考 试题集锦 中考必备 '08全国中考 试题集锦 中考必备 '08全国中考 试题集锦 中考必备 '08全国中考 试题集锦 中考必备 '08全国中考试题集锦书名作者 中考必备:07全国中考试题集锦(语文)中考必备:07全国中考试题集锦(数学)中考必备:07全国中考试题集锦(英语)中考必备:07全国中考试题集锦(物理)中考必备:07全国中考试题集锦(化学)岀版日期 2008.72008.7 2008.7 定价 13 (估)13 (估)12 (估)2008.7 10 (估)2008.7 11 (估)新专题教程新课标语文学本新课程新题型作文作文经典•高中卷刘桂松2006.6 30。
外贸交流技巧的书

外贸交流技巧的书《外贸英语话题王》“最完整、最全面的外贸会话大全”是目前市场上最完整、最全面的外贸会话大全。
是一本能够使你畅游其中,又不乏乐趣的英语口语话题“辞典”。
包含300多个外贸情景,6000多个最实用的对话表达,70多个外贸文化背景知识,1400多个难点注释,5000多个高频外贸词汇,帮助你轻松学习,举一反三,随心所欲表达自己。
外贸谈判、商品报关、检验包装、国际税收、广告营销、商标专利、商业宴请……全部收录!立刻让你与同事、上司、合作伙伴拉近距离,帮你快速成长为真正的外贸达人。
《外贸高手的口语秘籍》中国海关出版社倾情打造的中国第一个外经贸图书品牌,专为初入外贸领域或英语口语欠佳的外贸业务人员编写,旨在全面、生动地介绍外贸业务流程中的实用英语口语技巧,并对与外国客户打交道的关键技巧、基本礼仪等予以详细介绍,使读者在提高口语水平的同时,提高外贸实战技能。
全书共六章:与客户初次接触、会见客户、款待客户、初期准备工作、合同条款和展会英语,每个主题下设实用句型、情景对话、重点词汇和经验分享四部分;以1000多个精华短句、100多个场景展现原生态的外贸英语口语,生动描绘各种真实场景下的沟通方式和关键技巧。
《十天搞定外贸函电》推荐书籍,也是目前大多外贸人都在推荐学习的函电书籍,资深外贸人毅冰所著。
立足外贸人实际需求编写,区别于传统意义的学院派函电,将外贸工作中可能发生的数百种情况,归纳为十天学习。
100篇最简单、地道的英文函电,让你彻底告别传统函电;灵活运用最新KISS原则,快速进入老外的思维模式:秘而不宣的外贸知识点无私分享,让你在收获函电精华的同时,学到更多的外贸技能。
《七天秀出外贸口语》传授毅冰的私房口语思维模式,紧密契合外贸人士需求且与时俱进的实用口语书。
分为七章。
前六章根据外贸工作的不同场景,设置了“轻松自如打电话”“展会上接待客户”“随客户拜访工厂”“样品间自由玩转”“谈判桌上的交锋”和“突发状况巧应对”,每章细分各种场合下的故事背景、情景对话、词汇句型、地道英语和零敲碎打部分。
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简介:
在搜集产品情报之前,我们需要对我们自己的产品知识有清楚、详尽的了解。本章详细解释产品知识的关键内容,而这些关键内容就会是我们利用互联网进行查询时的关键词。
第一节
请您根据您对产品名称的理解先来回答下面的问题。
[多项选择题]
产品名称包括下列选项中的哪几项?
A中文名称
B英文名称
C所属行业名称
D海关编码
三是文案方式。在媒体和网站上搜索对手的名字,也可以找到类似于出口份额、比例、企业概括、知名度等等的信息。这种方式通常每一个勤快的业务员都会采用,经常浏览对手的网站,往往会得到重要的信息。
第三节
如果我们现在已经是国内前三名了,这样我们就需要把视线放到国际上,寻找并分析主要国际对手。可以利用前面已经提到过的联合国全球贸易数据库:/unsd/comtrade/dqbasicQuery.aspx。
虽然我们公司中会有相关的专家,他们分析对手产品之后可以很准确的给出对手产品的成本,但是对于我们业务员来说,尤其是驻外业务员来说,分析产品构成仍然是一门很重要的课程。在无法请教专家、时间紧急时,迅速分析对手产品的成本,对于成功的报价来说必不可缺。
第四节
相关产品指:客户相关或者应用相关的产品。即同一个客户通常也会购买的其他产品。之所以要搞清楚相关产品与行业,主要原因是,仅仅研究我们的产品获得的信息有限,不足以支持我们作出决策、采取行动或达成目标。我们就可借助相关产品的信息,来顺便查找到我们需要的目标产品的信息,我们姑且称之为借船出海吧。
请您根据您对联合国全球贸易数据库的了解回答下面的问题。
[判断题]
联合国全球贸易数据库(/unsd/comtrade/dqbasicQuery.aspx)是免费的吗?
[答案]正确
这个数据库可以免费查询,它对分析产品的全球市场十分有用。因为该数据库能为我们提供如下数据查询:各年度世界各国各种产品的进口、出口的数量、金额和交易国;前3个年度世界各国各种产品的出口量和目的国。
课程
开篇动画场景:
文字:
茫茫商海,如何开拓海外市场?如何寻找海外客户?如何获取海外订单?(动画1)
激烈竞争,如何了解竞争对手?如何牵制竞争对手?如何超越竞争对手?(动画2)
让我们从国际市场情报搜集开始,迈向成功之路……
动画:
1、前面一个人做思考状,背景是世界地图
2、前面一个人做思考状,背景是不同的人(代表竞争对手)
锁定对手之后,我们还要分析对手。
一是人工方式。可以请我们熟悉的客户或我们的海外机构的员工,到交易会或对手公司,表现出浓厚兴趣和购买欲望,拿到对手的产品目录、最新开发样品等等。
二是购买情报。我们并不是要私下购买商业间谍的情报,我们可以到中国海关购买正式的情报。中国海关对所有出口产品的流向、所有出口公司的贸易额等等都有着详尽的统计,这份情报无疑也是最准确、可信的。
举例来说,油烟机在英文中会有三种表达方式:refrigerator、range hood和airventilating。但是其中refrigerator同时也代表了吸尘器的意思;airventilating同时也有通风系统的意思;而只有range hood完完全全就是民用油烟机的英文表达。所以我们在标注吸油烟机时就要用英文range hood,这样的英文名称才是最准确而且没有歧义的。
请您根据您对外销工程师的了解回答下面的问题。
[单项选择题]
如果我们需要把一名刚毕业的大学生培养成初级外销工程师,下列做法中最合适的是:
A直接让他(她)面对外商,从实战中成长
B进行三个月的培训,让他(她)进到车间里,全面了解产品工段、工艺、工序
C先让他(她)在车间里待三年,成为合格技术员
[答案]B
要清楚自己产品的技术知识及卖点,可以访问行业里著名外国公司的网站,从中查找相关的资料。同时我们还应该深入自己产品的生产车间,全面了解工段、工艺、工序,只有对产品的技术知识及卖点了如指掌,才能合情、合理的推销给客户。
[答案]ABCD
产品名称不仅仅指产品的中文名称,而是同时包括以下内容:产品的中文名称、中文别名、英文名称、英文别名、所属行业名称和海关编码。
一般来讲,通过咨询企业资深销售员或者销售部门经理可以清楚产品名称的详细内容。但同时有一个问题值得注意,有可能我们的产品会有多个对应的英文名称,这时候就需要我们选择一个最准确、最没有歧义的英文名称。
第
了解了行业宏观环境之后,我们还需要锁定我们的对手,利用互联网无疑是最方便、最经济的方式。在这里要向大家介绍国贸资讯网:。利用该网址能查询到中国各类产品的主要出口商和制造商。
我们用油烟机的海关编码850710为例来查询,可以至少60家相关企业。左边的28家是贸易公司,右边的32家是制造公司。这可以让我们很清楚的看到那些公司可以是我们的合作伙伴,而那些公司是我们行业里的对手。
请您根据您对产品分类的了解回答下面的问题。
[多项选择题]
根据您的经验,橱柜可以归属于下列几个类别:
A厨房用品
B五金类
C家具类
[答案]ABC
通过相关联产品,使我们开拓了舞台,把产品ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ销给整个行业甚至多个行业,而不仅仅局限于几个单一的客户。
小结:
本章从产品名称和专用术语讲起,从几个方面阐述了产品知识的关键内容。包括了技术知识及卖点、产品构成及报价、相关联产品及行业知识。了解这些知识对我们产品的报价、推销以及商业策略的制定都有着非常重要的作用。
第三节利用互联网查询和分析主要国际对手
第四节国际情报收集的目的
课程基本设计思路
本课程是针对外贸销售人员而开设的一门课程,目的是加强业务员的国际市场情报的搜集意识和能力。
在课程讲解中强调实际案例分析削弱理论灌输。从产品知识的关键内容讲起,涵盖产品名称、专业术语、产品构成及报价以及相关联产品及行业知识。针对如何迅速了解竞争对手做出详细的分析,详细解释了在获得行业宏观知识的途径,以及查询和分析主要对手情况时如何利用互联网,避免大海捞针,力求让业务员掌握实际、实用的搜集方法,并根据搜集到的情报做出合理、成熟的决策。
如果不了解自己产品的技术知识及卖点,往往和外商洽谈时就会言之无物,让对方感觉我们不够专业。谈到价格时,也拿不出来更多的理由来说服客户。
举例来说,当我们和客户谈及价格时,我们如果这样来表达:“我们产品采用了中频加热技术,温度控制在900+10度,大大提高了产品的抗压能力。而对手使用的是乙炔加热技术,温度在500+100度,产品容易产生裂纹和气泡。”这样的理由无疑会让客户信服。
原材料和关键零配件的价格往往构成了我们产品的主要成本。成本分析会直接影响产品的报价,甚至会影响到商业策略的制定。如果我们不做产品成本分析,往往会出现认为有一定利润的单子,最后却没有利润,甚至亏本的现象。
为了做出合理的报价,我们需要尽可能了解对手的产品构成、报价。可以到大超市中搜集对方产品的价格,并购买对方的产品,进行解剖、分析,从而推算出对方产品大致的成本。
我们也可以在搜索引擎上查找某类产品在某个国家的前几名,比如可以用:the largest range hood in Italy,或者类似的语句来进行搜索。
分析国际对手方法与分析国内对手方法大致一致,也是人工方式、购买情报、文案方式,或者三种方式相结合。我们通常也会将规模大致为50%至2倍之间的国外公司作为主要竞争对手,仍然将行业前三名看作成我们的标杆企业、学习榜样,熟悉他们的动向,模仿乃至赶超。
2、主要重点市场应用行业的报告
3、行业最主要的用户或消费者编号研究
4、行业最主要的经销商代理商的信息
5、行业的4PS现状及其研究
6、行业主要竞争对手研究
7、重点国家的行业发展状况
8、本企业的所有的分析
9、行业的所有的分析
10、行业未来关键成功因素分析
熟悉行业宏观知识有两个途径:一是购买现成的行业分析报告,这种方法也是最快的方法;二是自己搜集、整理相关的知识,这种方法比较慢,但是却能够锻炼业务员的能力。
[答案]正确
我们可以通过中国海关网进行产品的海关编码查询,同时我们还可以利用搜索引擎,把产品名称和海关编码同时作为关键字进行搜索,也可以查到正确的海关编码。
第二节
产品的技术知识包括:型号描述、技术参数名称、包装描述和生产流程。这部分一般公司都有现成的资料,我们要做的就是把它们整理、翻译成为正确的英文。另外我们还要了解标准的型号写法、技术参数。
如何查找某产品的相关产品呢?首先容易想到的是属于同一个应用类别的其他产品。比如我们前面举的“抽油烟机”例子,它在应用上属于厨房用品,在性质上属于家电类产品,那么所有厨房用品、家电产品都是该产品的主要应用相关产品。而且从客户这个角度讲,出口商的主要海外客户就是房地产商、贸易进口商、大卖场买手、专业卖场买手、批发商等等。
第四节
最后,让我们强调一下国际情报收集的目的。
国际情报收集的目的一是可以让我们的业务人员迅速成为行业的专家;二是让我们的业务人员成为专业性的市场营销(marketing)人才;第三点,也是最关键的一点,国际情报的收集,是为了我们的最终策略的制定。
最终策略包括宏观上面的竞争策略和微观上面的战术策略。
如果我们无法确定准确的英文名称,可以到搜索引擎、竞争对手的网站以及其他一些大的跨国公司的网站去查找。同样我们还可以在这些网站上查找到所属行业名称等等的准确英文翻译。
请您根据您对中国海关网的了解回答下面的问题。
[判断题]
中国海关网()是否提供海关编码的查询?
《国际市场情报收集》课程制作脚本(第1版)
课程目标
掌握产品知识应该包含哪些关键内容
如何迅速了解行业宏观环境及掌握竞争对手信息
课程大纲
第一章产品知识的关键内容
第一节产品名称和专用术语
第二节技术知识及卖点
第三节产品构成及报价
第四节相关联产品及行业知识
第二章迅速了解竞争对手
第一节了解行业宏观环境