sun to earth--wxt
介绍地球和太阳系的作文
介绍地球和太阳系的作文英文回答：The Earth is a planet in the Solar System. It is the third planet from the Sun and is the only known planet to support life. The Earth is about 4.5 billion years old and has a diameter of about 12,742 kilometers. It is mostly covered by water, with about 71% of its surface being ocean. The Earth has a solid inner core, a liquid outer core, a mantle, and a crust.The Earth revolves around the Sun in an elliptical orbit. It takes about 365.25 days for the Earth to complete one orbit around the Sun, which is why we have leap years every four years. The Earth also rotates on its axis, which takes about 24 hours to complete one rotation. Thisrotation is what gives us day and night.The Sun is a star at the center of the Solar System. It is about 4.6 billion years old and is classified as ayellow dwarf star. The Sun is made up of mostly hydrogen and helium and has a diameter of about 1.4 million kilometers. It is extremely hot, with temperatures reaching up to 15 million degrees Celsius at its core.The Sun provides heat and light to the Earth, making it possible for life to exist. It is the source of energy for plants through the process of photosynthesis. The Sun also affects the Earth's climate and weather patterns. For example, the Sun's energy drives the water cycle, which is responsible for rainfall.中文回答：地球是太阳系中的一个行星。
数据洞见未来-小土科技
数据洞见未来小土科技一小土科技简介小土科技（Trinity Earth）成立于北京中关村高科技园区，创始人迄今已在该行业经过了十多年的沉淀，开发了融合文化、科技、金融的大数据系统，是国内第一家专注于影视大数据分析的公司，服务于华谊兄弟、新丽传媒、丝芭传媒等众多知名的国内传媒影视公司，2015年获得了中钢集团和上海方特基金的首轮投资。
小土科技以“科技促进产业，数据创造价值”为己任，专注于多源、异构、海量影视行业大数据的自动采集、高效存储、深度分析与智慧应用，提供涵盖影视文化全产业链的基础信息化支撑、数据价值挖掘和资金风险管控服务，助力影视行业全面进入大数据和人工智能时代。
小土科技凭借资深的行业背景、多年积累的历史数据和经验丰富的技术团队精心研发面向影视文化产业的云服务平台，为各环节提供了专业的大数据解决方案，包括数据分析、收视预测、剧本/成片评估、项目选择、制片管理、影视发行、节目采购、版权交易等。
随着大数据技术运用逐渐成熟，小土科技联合金融、广告等相关产业，涵盖了广告植入、文化产业投资风险评估等诸多领域，促进了影视文化产业发展的跨界融合及多元化发展。
同时，通过不断完善数据结构和优化模型算法，小土科技正在逐步搭建涵盖电视平台、广告投放、电影票房、完片担保、融资信用评价、文化众筹等业务合作框架，以推动产业融合，实现价值创新。
小土愿景：小土科技，智媒时代的IP创作与评测！二小土科技对大数据的应用图1 影视剧制作面临的问题影视剧制作要面临来自剧本、班底、生产、市场、发行等各方面的压力（见图1）。
长期以来，我国影视行业存在信息化水平低、管理落后、资金使用效率低等痼疾，与当下“文化热”“文化投资热”、大数据理念迅速推广的发展趋势相违背。
大量的资金涌入影视行业，影视投资成为最热的投资方向之一，我国影视剧备案发行数量逐年增长，且全国每年有上千个剧组开机进行拍摄。
但我国影视剧生产目前大多数还采用传统的小作坊制作模式，剧组的管理水平也参差不齐，相对于其他行业来说，影视产业的信息化程度不高，很容易出现管理的死角，造成信息不对称，虽然行业投资机遇巨大，但伴随的风险也大。
万物生长靠太阳英语
The story of the origin and growth of all things is a fascinating and age-old tale that has puzzled humans for centuries. Many different cultures and belief systems have their own interpretations of how the universe was created and how it has evolved over time. However, there is one common theme that runs throughout many of these stories: the importance of light, energy, and life itself.In the English translation of this story, it can be said that the universe was created by the power and beauty of the sun. As the sun gave life and energy to the world, all things began to grow and flourish. This is the story of the creation of the world, the source of all life, and the driving force behind the growth and development of the universe.In many cultures, the sun is seen as a symbol of hope, renewal, and growth. It is the source of light and warmth, and it is the catalyst for all life on Earth. The sun is also often associated with the cycles of nature, and the changing seasons and weather patterns that it brings.In conclusion, the story of the origin and growth of all things can be seen as a metaphor for the power and importance of light, energy, and life itself. It is a tale that has inspired many cultures and has been passed down from generation to generation, reminding us of the beauty and wonder of the world and the importance of taking care of it.。
用英文写地球围太阳转的四个季节作文
用英文写地球围太阳转的四个季节作文The Earth revolves around the Sun in a nearly circular orbit, and this revolution causes the changes in the four seasons of the year. The tilt of the Earth's axis is the primary reason for the existence of the four seasons. As the Earth travels around the sun, the tilt of the Earth's axis causes the sun's rays to strike the Earth at different angles at different times of the year. This creates the changing seasons that we experience.The four seasons, spring, summer, autumn, and winter, occur due to the tilt of the Earth's axis and its orbit around the Sun. Each season has its own unique characteristics, climate, and weather patterns, and these changes play an essential role in the Earth's ecosystems.Spring is the season of renewal and rebirth. It occurs between the winter and summer solstices, and it ischaracterized by the return of warmer temperatures, the emergence of new plant life, and the blossoming of flowers. The longer days and shorter nights of spring are due to the Earth's axial tilt and its position in its orbit around the Sun. As the Earth continues its orbit, the tilt becomes more pronounced, and the Sun's rays strike the Northern Hemisphere at a more direct angle.Summer is the hottest of the four seasons. It is definedby longer days, shorter nights, and higher temperatures. During the summer solstice, the Earth's axial tilt is at its maximum, and the Sun's rays strike the Earth at the mostdirect angle in the Northern Hemisphere. This causes the warmest temperatures of the year, and it allows for thegrowth of abundant plant life.Autumn, also known as fall, marks the transition between summer and winter. It is characterized by cooler temperatures, shorter days, and the shedding of leaves from deciduous trees.The Earth's axial tilt and its position in its orbit around the Sun cause the Sun's rays to strike the Earth at a lesser angle during the autumnal equinox. This leads to the cooler temperatures and the changing colors of the leaves as the trees prepare for the coming winter.Winter is the coldest season of the year. It is marked by the shortest days, the longest nights, and the lowest temperatures. During the winter solstice, the Earth's axial tilt is at its maximum, causing the Sun's rays to strike the Northern Hemisphere at their most oblique angle. This results in the coldest temperatures of the year.These four seasons play a crucial role in the Earth's ecosystems. The changing temperatures and weather patterns affect the growth and development of plant and animal life, as well as the migration patterns of many species. The seasons also influence human activities, such as agriculture, recreation, and tourism.In conclusion, the Earth's revolution around the Sun and its axial tilt are the primary causes of the four seasons. Each season has its own unique characteristics, climate, and weather patterns that affect the Earth's ecosystems. The changing seasons play a crucial role in the growth and development of plant and animal life, as well as human activities. Understanding the causes and effects of these seasons is essential for our understanding of the natural world.。
介绍地球和太阳系的作文
介绍地球和太阳系的作文英文回答：The Earth is the third planet from the Sun in our solar system. It is a beautiful and diverse planet that is home to millions of species, including humans. The Earth is unique because it is the only planet known to support life. It has a solid surface, a thin atmosphere, and abundant water, which are essential for life as we know it.The Earth is made up of different layers. The outermost layer is called the crust, which is solid and made up of rocks and minerals. Beneath the crust is the mantle, which is semi-solid and made up of molten rock called magma. At the center of the Earth is the core, which is made up of solid iron and nickel. The core is extremely hot and generates a magnetic field that protects the Earth from harmful solar radiation.The Earth rotates on its axis, which is an imaginaryline that runs through its center. This rotation causes day and night as different parts of the Earth are exposed tothe Sun's light. It takes the Earth about 24 hours to complete one rotation. The Earth also revolves around the Sun in an elliptical orbit, which takes about 365 days to complete. This revolution around the Sun is what causes the changing seasons on Earth.The Earth is just one of the many planets in our solar system. The solar system consists of the Sun, eight planets, and numerous smaller objects such as asteroids and comets. The Sun is a giant ball of hot gas that provides heat and light to the planets in the solar system. It is located at the center of the solar system and is the most important source of energy for life on Earth.The other planets in the solar system are Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. Each planet has its own unique characteristics and features. For example, Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and has a very thin atmosphere. Venus is known for its thick atmosphere and extreme temperatures. Mars has a reddishappearance and is often called the "Red Planet." Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system and has a strong magnetic field. Saturn is known for its beautiful rings. Uranus and Neptune are gas giants with icy atmospheres.In conclusion, the Earth is a fascinating planet that is part of a larger system called the solar system. It is unique because it supports life and has a diverse range of ecosystems. Understanding the Earth and the solar system helps us appreciate the beauty and complexity of the universe.中文回答：地球是太阳系中离太阳第三近的行星。
太阳滋润万物的作文
太阳滋润万物的作文英文回答：The sun is the source of life on Earth. Its warm rays provide light and heat, nourishing all living things. Without the sun, our planet would be a cold and desolate place. The sun's energy is essential for the growth of plants, which in turn provide food and oxygen for animals and humans.In addition to its role in sustaining life, the sunalso has a profound impact on our daily lives. Its light helps regulate our sleep patterns and affects our mood. Sunlight triggers the production of vitamin D in our bodies, which is crucial for bone health. Furthermore, the sun's warmth allows us to enjoy outdoor activities and bask inits beauty.The sun's influence extends beyond the physical realm.It has inspired countless myths, legends, and culturalbeliefs throughout history. Many civilizations worshipped the sun as a deity, recognizing its power and significance. In modern times, the sun continues to hold symbolic meaning in various religions and spiritual practices.中文回答：太阳是地球上生命的源泉。
太阳光直射 英语
太阳光直射英语The Radiance of the SunThe sun, a celestial body that has captivated the imagination of humanity since the dawn of time, is a constant source of wonder and awe. Its radiant energy, streaming down upon the Earth, is the driving force behind countless natural phenomena, shaping the very fabric of our existence. In this essay, we will delve into the profound impact of the sun's direct rays and explore the myriad ways in which this powerful force shapes our world.At the heart of the sun's radiance lies its immense energy output. As a star, the sun is a colossal nuclear reactor, fusing hydrogen atoms into helium through a process known as thermonuclear fusion. This process releases an astonishing amount of energy, which is then emitted from the sun's surface in the form of electromagnetic radiation. This radiation, which includes visible light, ultraviolet, and infrared wavelengths, travels at the speed of light, bathing the Earth in its warmth and illumination.The sun's direct rays play a crucial role in the delicate balance of our planet's ecosystem. The energy from the sun drives the globalatmospheric and oceanic circulation patterns, which in turn influence weather and climate on a global scale. The sun's heat powers the evaporation of water from the Earth's surface, creating the water cycle that replenishes our freshwater sources and supports the growth of diverse plant and animal life. Without the sun's consistent and reliable energy, the intricate web of life on our planet would simply cease to exist.Beyond its impact on the natural world, the sun's direct rays also have a profound influence on human civilization. The sun's light and warmth have been essential for the development of agriculture, allowing us to cultivate crops and sustain our growing populations. The sun's energy has also been harnessed for a variety of technological applications, from solar power generation to solar heating systems, as humanity seeks to harness this renewable and abundant source of energy.The sun's radiance also plays a crucial role in our physical and psychological well-being. The sun's ultraviolet rays trigger the production of vitamin D in our skin, which is essential for maintaining strong bones and a healthy immune system. Exposure to the sun's light has also been shown to have a positive effect on mood, helping to alleviate symptoms of depression and anxiety. The sun's warmth and brightness can lift our spirits, fostering a sense of well-being and connection with the natural world.However, the sun's direct rays are not without their risks. Prolonged exposure to the sun's ultraviolet radiation can lead to sunburns, premature aging of the skin, and an increased risk of skin cancer. It is important to take precautions, such as using sunscreen and seeking shade during the hottest hours of the day, to protect ourselves from the sun's harmful effects.In conclusion, the sun's direct rays are a powerful and multifaceted force that shape our world in countless ways. From sustaining the delicate balance of our planet's ecosystem to powering our technological advancements and supporting our physical and mental well-being, the sun's radiance is an integral part of the human experience. As we continue to explore and harness the sun's energy, we must also remember to respect its power and take steps to mitigate its risks. By understanding and appreciating the sun's profound impact, we can better appreciate the wonder and complexity of our universe and our place within it.。
《家园Home》（2009）中英文对照字幕文档格式看电影学英语
HOME-=CHD字幕组=- 荣誉出品翻译：qszhang 调校修正：FDZone 有球必硬请听我说Listen to me, please.你跟我一样，是智人Y ou're like me, a Homo sapiens.一个有智慧的人A wise human.生命是宇宙的奇迹Life, a miracle in the universe,出现于约四十亿年前appeared around four billion years ago,而我们人类只有二十万年历史and we humans only 200,000 years ago.但是我们却破坏了Y et we have succeeded in disrupting the balance...地球生命赖以生存的平衡that is so essential to life on Earth.请细听这个不寻常的的故事，你的故事Listen carefully to this extraordinary story, which is yours,然后决定你应该做什么and decide what you want to do with it.这是我们的起源的轨迹These are traces of our origins.最初，我们的星球不过是一个浑沌的火球At the beginning, our planet was no more than a chaos of fire,伴随它的恒星--太阳诞生而形成的formed in the wake of its star, the sun.一团粘聚的尘埃颗粒A cloud of agglutinated dust particles,就像宇宙里面许多类似的星云similar to so many similar clusters in the universe.然而生命的奇迹就在此诞生Y et this was where the miracle of life occurred.今天，我们的生命Today, life- our life-是地球上无数生物形成的生命链中的一环is just a link in a chain of innumerable living beings...在近40亿年里，这些生物被彼此继承取代that have succeeded one another on Earth over nearly four billion years.即使到了今天，新的火山继续改变我们的景观And even today, new volcanoes continue to sculpt our landscapes.它们让我们目睹了盘古初开时地球的样子They offer a glimpse of what our Earth was like at its birth熔石从深处涌出molten rock surging from the depths,开始凝固，裂开solidifying, cracking,冒着泡，或摊开形成薄的外壳blistering or spreading in a thin crust,然后再休眠一段时间before fabling dormant for a time.这些从地球内部吐出缭绕的烟圈These wreaths of smoke curling from the bowels of the Earth...是地球原始大气层的见证bear witness to the Earth's original atmosphere.一个没有氧气的大气层An atmosphere devoid of oxygen.稠密的大气层，充满水蒸气和二氧化碳A dense atmosphere, thick with water vapor, full of carbon dioxide.一个熔炉A furnace.因为有水,地球有了一个与众不同的未来But the Earth had an exceptional future, offered to it by water.地球与太阳之间的距离适中,不太远,不太近At the right distance from the sun, not too far, not too near因此地球上的水能够处于液体状态the Earth was able to conserve water in liquid form.水蒸气凝结后形成滂沱大雨降落在地球上Water vapor condensed and fell in torrential downpours on Earth,河流出现了and rivers appeared.河流改变了地球表面The rivers shaped the surface of the Earth,刻削着河道cutting their channels,并冲刷出山谷furrowing out valleys.它们流向地球上最低洼的地方形成海洋They ran toward the lowest places on the globe to form the oceans.水溶解了岩石的矿物质They tore minerals from the rocks,渐渐的，海洋中的淡水and gradually the freshwater of the oceans...变成了咸水became heavy with salt.水是生命必需的液体Water is a vital liquid.它灌溉了这些广阔的不毛之地It irrigated these sterile expanses.水流就像人体的血管The paths it traced are like the veins of a body,树木的枝丫，是让大地苏醒的液体导管the branches of a tree, the vessels of the sap that it brought to the Earth.40亿年后Nearly four billion years later,地球上的某些地方还能找到这样的艺术创作somewhere on Earth can still be found these works of art,火山灰混合着来自冰岛冰川的水left by the volcanoes' ash, mixed with water from Iceland's glaciers.就是它们，物质和水There they are- matter and water,水和物质water and matter-软硬组合,这对地球上所有生物都是至关重要的soft and hard combined, the crucial alliance shared by every life-form on our planet.金属矿物元素比地球还要古老Minerals and metals are even older than the Earth.它们是星尘They are stardust.它们让地球五彩斑斓They provide the Earth's colors.红色是铁，黑色是碳Red from iron, black from carbon,蓝色是铜，黄色则是硫blue from copper, yellow from sulfur.我们来自什么哪里？Where do we come from?生命火花从哪里迸发？Where did life first spark into being?一个时光奇迹A miracle of time,地球上的温泉仍然有原始的生命存活primitive life-forms still exist in the globe's hot springs. 它们赋予温泉颜色They give them their colors.它们叫做“古细菌”They're called archaeobacteria.它们都依靠地球热能生存They all feed off the Earth's heat除了蓝细菌，或是蓝绿藻以外all except the cyanobacteria, or blue-green algae.只有它们可以向着太阳来吸取其能量They alone have the capacity to turn to the sun to capture its energy.它们是古今所有植种的最重要的祖先They are a vital ancestor of all yesterday's and today's plant species.这些微小的细菌These tiny bacteria...及其数以亿计的后代and their billions of descendants...改变了地球的命运changed the destiny of our planet.是它们改造了地球的大气层They transformed its atmosphere.毒害大气层的碳去了哪里？What happened to the carbon that poisoned the atmosphere?它还存在，只是被“囚禁”在地壳It's still here, imprisoned in the Earth's crust.想要了解地球历史的这一篇章We can read this chapter of the Earth's history...卡罗拉多大峡谷的峭壁是最好的选择nowhere better than on the walls of Colorado's Grand Canyon.它们展现了地球近20亿年的历史They reveal nearby two billion years of the Earth's history. 大峡谷曾经是一个聚居着微生物的海洋Once upon a time, the Grand Canyon was a sea inhabited by microorganisms.它们汲取从大气层溶解到海洋里的碳They grew their shells by tapping into carbon from the atmosphere...并长出外壳dissolved in the ocean.它们死后When they died, the shells sank...外壳沉到海床堆叠起来and accumulated on the sealed.这些地层就是它们无数的外壳构成的These strata are the product of those billions and billions of shells.因为有了它们，碳从大气层中排出Thanks to them, the carbon drained from the atmosphere, 其他生物才能得以发展and other life-forms could develop.生命改变了大气层It is life that altered the atmosphere.植物靠太阳能存活Plant life fed off the sun's energy,这能量使植物分离水分子which enabled it to break apart the water molecule...并释放出来氧气and take the oxygen.空气因而充满氧气And oxygen filled the air.地球的水不断更新循环The Earth's water cycle is a process of constant renewal.瀑布，水蒸气，Waterfalls, water vapor,云、雨、泉clouds, rain, springs,河流、海洋、冰川rivers, seas, oceans, glaciers.这个循环从未间断The cycle is never broken.地球的水量恒久不变There's always the same quantity of water on Earth.历来的生物都喝同样的水All the successive species on Earth have drunk the same water.水是令人惊叹的物质The astonishing matter that is water.是最不稳定的一种One of the most unstable of all.它可以是液态的流水It takes a liquid form as running water,气态的蒸汽gaseous as vapor...或是固态的冰or solid as ice.在西伯利亚，冬季结冰的湖面In Siberia, the frozen surfaces of the lakes in winter...蕴含着水在结冰时展现的力量contain the traces of the forces that water deploys when it freezes.冰比水轻因而浮于水面Lighter than water, the ice floats,不会沉到湖底rather than sinking to the bottom.它形成御寒的保护罩It forms a protective mantle against the cold,冰下的生命可以延续under which life can go on.生命的引擎连锁结合The engine of life is linkage.一切都连结起来Everything is linked.没有东西是自给自足的Nothing is self-sufficient.水和空气不可分割Water and air are inseparable,为了地球上的生命而结合united in life and for our life on Earth.于是,形成于海洋上的云给陆地带来降雨Thus, clouds form over the oceans and bring rain to the landmasses,河流再将水带回海洋whose rivers carry water back to the oceans.分享就是一切Sharing is everything.从云层窥望的大片绿色是空气中的氧气The green expanse peeking through the clouds is the source of oxygen in the air.七成氧气来自海藻Seventy percent of this gas, without which our lungs cannot function,这些海藻给海洋表面染上了颜色comes from the algae that tint the surface of the oceans.地球要依赖Our Earth relies on a balance...万物各司其职in which every being has a role to play...互相依存的生态平衡and exists only through the existence of another being.一种敏感而脆弱的和谐，极易破碎A subtle, fragile harmony that is easily shattered.于是海藻和贝壳的结合形成了珊瑚Thus, corals are born from the marriage of algae and shells. 澳大利亚沿海的大堡礁The Great Barrier Reef, Off the coast of Australia,绵延三十五万平方公里stretches over 350,000 square kilometers...哺育着一千五百种鱼类，and is home to 1,500 species of fish,四千种软体动物4,000 species of mollusks...和四百种珊瑚and 400 species of coral.每个海洋的生态平衡都依靠这些珊瑚The equilibrium of every ocean depends on these corals. 地球计算时间以十亿年计The Earth counts time in billions of years.它花了四十多亿年创造了树木It took more than four billion years for it to make trees.在物种的链条中In the chain of species,树木是至高无上的trees are a pinnacle,是完美的活的雕塑 a perfect living sculpture.它们蔑视地心吸力Trees defy gravity.它们是唯一永恒地朝向天空的自然元素They are the only natural element in perpetual movement toward the sky.它们的枝叶不疾不徐地向着太阳生长They grow unhurriedly toward the sun that nourishes their foliage.它们从微小的古细菌继承了They have inherited from those minuscule cyanobacteria...吸收光线能量的能力the power to capture light's energy.它们储存并利用此能量They store it and feed off it,并使其变成木材和树叶turning it into wood and leaves,然后又分解成水，矿物，植物which then decompose into a mixture of water,和生命物质的混合体mineral, vegetable and living matter.就这样And so, gradually,生命不可或缺的土壤逐渐形成the soils that are indispensable to life are formed.土壤是生物多样性的工厂Soils are the factory of biodiversity.它们是不断活动的世界They are a world of incessant activity...微生物觅食，挖掘，透气，蜕变where microorganisms feed, dig, aerate and transform.它们制造腐植土，在这肥沃的土层上所有陆上生命互相紧扣They make the humus, the fertile layer to which all life on land is linked.地球上的生命我们知道什么？What do we know about life on Earth?我们认识多少品种？How many species are we aware of?十分之一？还是百分之一？A 10th of them? A hundredth perhaps?对于它们之间的相互关系我们知道什么？What do we know about the bonds that link them? 地球是个奇迹The Earth is a miracle.生命仍是个谜Life remains a mystery.动物的家族得以形成Families of animals form,至今仍存的习惯和仪式使它们凝聚united by customs and rituals that survive today.有些适应了环境Some adapt to the nature of their pasture,有些是环境适应它们and their pasture adapts to them.双方都受益And both gain.动物得到食物,而树木能够开花结果The animal sates its hunger, and the tree can blossom again.在地球上生命的伟大的历险中In the great adventure of life on Earth,每种生物各司其职every species has a role to play,各有其位every species has its place.没有多余或有害None is futile or harmful.它们互相抵消They all balance out.然后你们And that's where you,这些聪明的人类Homo sapiens- "wise human'-进入剧情enter the story.你们得益于Y ou benefit from a fabulous...地球四十亿年的遗产four-billion-year-old legacy bequeathed by the Earth.你们只有二十万年历史Y ou're only 200,000 years old,但你们已经改变了世界的面貌but you have changed the face of the world.尽管你们脆弱Despite your vulnerability,但你们占据了所有的栖息地you have taken possession of every habitat...征服了所有土地and conquered swaths of territory...之前任何生物都未曾做过like no other species before you.经过十八万年的游牧岁月After180,000 nomadic years,气候变得温和，人类开始定居下来and thanks to a more clement climate, humans settled down. 他们不再依靠打猎为生They no longer depended on hunting for survival.他们定居于充满渔猎They chose to live in wet environments...和野生植物的潮湿环境that abounded in fish, game and wild plants.这里土地，水和生命结合There, where land, water and life combine.人类的天赋让他们发明了独木舟Human genius inspired them to build canoes,用于开拓新的视野an invention that opened up new horizons...人类变成了航海家and turned humans into navigators.即使今天，大部分人类Even today, the majority of humankind...都居住在大陆的海岸线lives on the continents' coastlines...或是河边和湖畔or the banks of rivers and lakes.最初的城镇出现在6000多年前The first towns grew up less than 600 years ago.这是人类历史的一大步It was a considerable leap in human history.为什么呢？因为这能使人类更容易的保护自己Why towns? Because they allowed humans to defend themselves more easily.他们变成了社会人They became social beings,在一起分享他们的知识和手艺meeting and sharing knowledge and crafts,融合他们的共性和不同blending their similarities and differences.简而言之，他们文明化了In a word, they became civilized.但他们可用的能量只是双臂But the only energy at their disposal was provided by nature...和大自然赋予的东西and the strength of their bodies.这是人类数千年来的故事It was the story of humankind for thousands of years.也是现今四分之一人类It still is for one person in four-即十五亿人的故事over one and a half billion human beings-比富裕国家人口的总和还多more than the combined population of all the wealthy nations.他们只从地球获取必须的用品Taking from the Earth only the strictly necessary.很长一段时间，人类和地球的关系For a long time, the relationship between humans and the planet...平衡对等was evenly balanced.很长一段时间, 经济看起来是自然公正的联盟For a long time, the economy seemed like a natural and equitable alliance.但人类寿命短暂，艰苦劳动大行其道But life expectancy is short, and hard labor takes its toll. 大自然的不可预知加重日常负担The uncertainties of nature weigh on daily life.教育是罕有特权Education is a rare privilege.子女是家庭唯一资产Children are a family's only asset,每双手as long as every extra pair of hands...对家庭的生存都要作出贡献is a necessary contribution to its subsistence.地球为我们提供食物和衣物The Earth feeds people, clothes them...以及日常所需and provides for their daily needs.一切来自地球Everything comes from the Earth.城镇改变人类本质和命运Towns change humanity's nature, as well as its destiny.农夫变成了工匠、商人和小贩The farmer becomes a craftsman, trader or peddler.农夫收获，城镇居民购买，或是物物交换What the Earth gives the farmer, the city dweller buys, sells or barters.商品交易Goods change hands,伴随思想交流along with ideas.人类的天份在于经常洞悉自已的弱点Humanity's genius is to have always had a sense of its weakness.他们很想扩张领土Humans tried to extend the frontiers of their territory,但明白自身局限but they knew their limits.大自然不曾赋予他们的能量和气力The physical energy and strength with which nature had not endowed them...他们在动物身上找到，并驯养它们为己服务was found in the animals they domesticated to serve them.空着肚子怎去征服世界？But how can you conquer the world on an empty stomach?农业的发明The invention of agriculture...彻底改变了到处觅食的野兽本质transformed the future of the wild animals scavenging for food...成为真正的人that were humankind.农业改写了人类历史Agriculture turned their history on end.农业是人类的第一场伟大革命Agriculture was their first great revolution.八千至一万年前开始Developed barely 8,000 to 10,000 years ago,农业改变了人类与自然的关系it changed their relationship to nature.它终结了人类不稳定的狩猎和采集时代It brought an end to the uncertainty of hunting and gathering.第一次有了盈余It resulted in the first surpluses...这催生了城市和文明and gave birth to cities and civilizations.为了农业生产For their agriculture,人类利用动物或植物的能量humans harnessed the energy of animal species and plant life,并从中受益from which they at last extracted the profits.数千年艰苦觅食的记忆逐渐淡忘The memory of thousands of years scrabbling for food faded. 他们学会将谷类适应They learned to adapt the grains that are the yeast of life...不同的土壤和气候to different soils and climates.他们学会增加农作物的收成和种类They learned to increase the yield and multiply the number of varieties.像地球上所有动物Like every species on Earth,人类每天的首要任务the principal daily concern of all humans...是喂饱自已和家人is to feed themselves and their family.当土瘠水稀的时候When the soil is less generous and water becomes scarce,人类要为一点干燥土地humans deploy prodigious efforts to mark a few arid acres...而拚命劳作with the imprint of their labor.人类以极大的耐性和专注去模塑土地Humans shaped the land with the patience and devotion that the Earth demands,近乎祭神仪式般不停地重复in an almost sacrificial ritual performed over and over.农业仍然是世界上最普遍的职业Agriculture is still the world's most widespread occupation.一半人类仍在耕种土地Half of humankind tills the soil,超过四分之三仍是手工操作over three-quarters of them by hand.农业像传统般一代接一代Agriculture is like a tradition handed down...有血有汗地薪火相传from generation to generation in sweat, graft and toil,因为它是人类生存的先决条件because for humanity it is a prerequisite of survival.人类依赖人力日久But after relying on muscle power for so long,开始发掘地球深处的能量humankind found a way to tap into the energy buried deep in the Earth.这些火焰也来自植物These flames are also from plants.一束阳光A pocket of sunlight.纯粹的能量，太阳能Pure energy the energy of the sun于一亿年前被数以百万计的树木captured over millions of years by millions of plants...俘虏了超过数百万年more than a hundred million years ago.那是煤，是天然气It's coal. It's gas.最重要的是石油And above all, it's oil.这束阳光把人类从辛劳的耕种解放出来And this pocket of sunlight freed humans from their toil on the land.石油令人类解除了时间的束缚With oil began the era of humans who break free of the shackles of time.石油令一部分人得享从未有过的舒适With oil, some of us acquired unprecedented comforts.五十年里，仅仅一代人的时间And in 50 years, in a single lifetime,地球发生根本性的改变the Earth has been more radically changed...是前人从未做过的than by all previous generations of humanity.越来越快Faster and faster.过去六十年，人类人口倍增In the last 60 years, the Earth's population has almost tripled,超过二十亿人移居城市and over two billion people have moved to the cities.越来越快Faster and faster.深圳四十年前只是偏僻渔村Shenzhen, in China, with its hundreds of skyscrapers and millions of inhabitants,现在拥有数以百计的摩天大楼和数百万人口was just a small fishing village barely 40 years ago.越来越快Faster and faster.二十年来In Shanghai, 3,000 towers and skyscrapers...上海建了三千座高楼大厦have been built in 20 years.另有数百座正在建设中Hundreds more are under construction.今天，地球上七十亿人口有一半住在城市Today, over half of the world's seven billion inhabitants live in cities.纽约，世界上第一个超级城市New Y ork. The world's first megalopolis...是人类无止境地is the symbol of the exploitation of the energy...剥削地球资源的像征the Earth supplies to human genius.数百万移民的人力资源The manpower of millions of immigrants,煤的能量the energy of coal,及无约束的石油力量the unbridled power of oil.电的出现发明了电梯Electricity resulted in the invention of elevators,而电梯使得摩天大厦成为可能which in turn permitted the invention of skyscrapers.纽约在全球经济排名中位列16 New Y ork ranks as the 16th-largest economy in the world.美国最先发现和开发利用America was the first to discover, exploit and harness...珍贵而具革命性的能量“黑金”the phenomenal revolutionary power of black gold.借助它With its help,农夫变成了农业企业家 a country of farmers became a country of agricultural industrialists.机器取代人力Machines replaced men.一升石油等于A liter of oil generates as much energy...一百双手在24小时产生的能量as 100 pairs of hands in 24 hours,但在全球只有3%的农民使用拖拉机but worldwide only three percent of farmers have use of a tractor.尽管如此，他们的粮食产出还是支配着地球Nonetheless, their output dominates the planet.美国只剩下三百万农民In the United States, only three million farmers are left.他们出产的谷物可以养活二十亿人口They produce enough grain to feed two billion people.但大部分谷物并非用作食粮But most of that grain is not used to feed people.就像其他工业国Here, and in all other industrialized nations,谷物用来喂牲口或作生化燃料it's transformed into livestock feed or biofuels.这束阳光的能量The pocket of sunshine's energy...赶走了令土地干旱的幽灵chased away the specter of drought that stalked farmland.所有泉水都用于农业No spring escapes the demands of agriculture,它占人类水消耗量的70% which accounts for 70% of humanity's water consumption.大自然的一切都互相连系In nature, everything is linked.耕地的拓张和单一品种的种植The expansion of cultivated land and single-crop farming...增加了害虫的肆虐encouraged the development of parasites.石油化工革命带来的杀虫剂Pesticides, another gift of the petrochemical revolution,把它们杀光exterminated them.农作欠收和饥荒成为邀远回忆Bad harvests and famine became a distant memory.眼前最头痛是The biggest headache now...如何处理现代农业带来的残留was what to do with the surpluses engendered by modern agriculture.有毒的杀虫剂渗进空气But toxic pesticides seeped into the air,泥土、动植物、河流和海洋soil, plants, animals, rivers and oceans.它们入侵一切生命They penetrated the heart of cells...赖以生存的细胞核心similar to the mother cell that is shared by all forms of life.它们对免于饥饿的人类有害吗？Are they harmful to the humans that they released from hunger?这些穿着黄色保护衣物的农夫These farmers, in their yellow protective suits,可能有更好的主意probably have a good idea.新兴农业免除了对土壤和季节的依赖The new agriculture abolished the dependence on soils and seasons.肥料令小片土地Fertilizers produced unprecedented results...出产前所未见的丰富收成on plots of land thus far ignored.适应了土地和气候的谷物Crops adapted to soils and climates...被产量高和易于运输的品种所取代gave way to the most productive varieties and the easiest to transport.于是在上一世纪And so, in the last century,农民在过去数千年培育的three-quarters of the varieties developed by farmers over thousands of years...四分之三的品种绝种have been wiped out.极目所见，下施肥料，上覆塑料As far as the eye can see, fertilizer below, plastic on top.西班牙的艾美利亚温室The greenhouses of Almeria in Spain...是欧洲的菜园are Europe's vegetable garden.大批形状整齐的蔬菜A city of uniformly sized vegetables...每天等候数以百计的卡车waits every day for the hundreds of trucks...把它们运送到欧洲大陆的超级市场that will take them to the continent's supermarkets.国家越发展The more a country develops,国民对肉类的需求就越大the more meat its inhabitants consume.不依靠集中饲养式牛场How can growing worldwide demand be satisfied...如何满足全球日益增长的需求without recourse to concentration camp-style cattle farms?越来越快Faster and faster.就像家畜一生都不会见到牧场Like the life cycle of livestock which may never see a meadow, 比动物生长更快的肉类生产成为日常程序manufacturing meat faster than the animal has become a daily routine.被数百万牛践踏的辽阔饲场In these vast food lots, trampled by millions of cattle,寸草不生not a blade of grass grows.一队队卡车从全国各地运来A fleet of trucks from every corner of the country...数以吨计的谷物，黄豆和brings in tons of grain, soy meal...丰富蛋白质的饲料最终变成一吨吨的肉and protein-rich granules that will become tons of meat.结果是生产一公斤马铃薯The result is that it takes 100 liters of water...要一百公升水to produce one kilogram of potatoes,一公斤米要四千公升水4,000 for one kilo of rice...而一公斤牛肉要一万三千公升水and 13,000 for one kilo of beef.还不算在生产和运输过程被耗掉的石油Not to mention the oil guzzled in the production process and transport.我们的农业成了石油推动型Our agriculture has become oil-powered.它能养活地球上双倍的人口It feeds twice as many humans on Earth...但多元性被标准化取代but has replaced diversity with standardization.它让我们享受到梦中才有的舒适It has offered many of us comforts we could only dream of,但却使我们的生活方式完全依赖石油but it makes our way of life totally dependent on oil.这是新的时间观念This is the new measure of time.我们的时钟随着那Our world's clock now beats to the rhythm...永不言倦的阳光机器的节奏of these indefatigable machines...一起摆动tapping into the pocket of sunlight.它们的规律性让我们安心Their regularity reassures us.极小的间断都会引发混乱The tiniest hiccup throws us into disarray.整个地球都注意到了我们The whole planet is attentive to these metronomes...寄托希望和幻想的节拍器of our hopes and illusions.同样的希望和幻想随着我们的需求The same hopes and illusions that proliferate along with our needs,以及越来越难以满足的欲望和浪费而增加increasingly insatiable desires and profligacy.我们知道廉价石油时代即将终结We know that the end of cheap oil is imminent,但我们拒绝相信but we refuse to believe it.对大多数人来说，美国梦体现在一个传奇的名字上：For many of us, the American dream is embodied by a legendary name:洛杉矶Los Angeles.在这个方圆一百公里的城市In this city that stretches over100 kilometers,汽车的数量几乎与人口相等the number of cars is almost equal to the number of inhabitants.这里，晚上是能源卖力表演的时该Here, energy puts on a fantastic show every night.白天不过是夜晚的苍白反映The days seem to be no more than the pale reflection of nights...晚上的城市变成闪烁星空that turn the city into a starry sky.越来越快Faster and faster.距离不再以英哩度量而是多少分钟车程Distances are no longer counted in miles but in minutes.汽车重塑郊区面貌，每个房子都好像城堡般The automobile shapes new suburbs where every home is a castle,跟令人窒息的市中心保持安全距离 a safe distance from the asphyxiated city centers,一排排整齐的房子拥挤在死胡同四周and where neat rows of houses huddle round dead-end streets.少数发达国家的模式The model of a lucky few countries...通过遍及全球的电视节目has become a universal dream,已变成了普遍梦想preached by televisions all over the world.即使在北京Even here in Beijing,这些模仿，抄袭和复制it is cloned, copied and reproduced...千篇一律的房子已把古塔从地图上抹去了in these formatted houses that have wiped pagodas off the map.汽车成为舒适和进步的像征The automobile has become the symbol of comfort and progress. 如果每个社会都跟随这个模式If this model were followed by every society,今天地球不会只有九亿辆汽车the planet wouldn't have 900 million vehicles, as it does today, 而是五十亿but five billion.越来越快Faster and faster.世界越发展，对能源的渴求就更高The more the world develops, the greater its thirst for energy. 到处都是挖钻矿物的机器Everywhere, machines dig, bore and rip from the Earth...把盘古初开时埋在地下的星星挖出来the pieces of stars buried in its depths since its creation: 矿物minerals.未来二十年人类从地球开采的矿物In the next 20 years, more ore will be extracted from the Earth...比人类历史上的总数都要多than in the whole of humanity's history.由于垄断As a privilege of power,80%开采所得财富80% of this mineral wealth...只由20%的人口分享is consumed by 20% of the world's population.到本世纪末Before the end of this century,由于过份开采矿产，人类将会耗尽地球上的大部分资源excessive mining will have exhausted nearly all the planet's reserves.越来越快Faster and faster.造船厂大量制造油轮Shipyards churn out oil tankers,货柜船，煤气运输船container ships and gas tankers...以应付世界性工业生产的需求to cater for the demands of globalized industrial production.大部分消费品要千里迢迢地Most consumer goods travel thousands of kilometers...从产地运到消费地from the country of production to the country of consumption.自1950年至今，国际贸易总量Since 1950, the volume of international trade...增长了二十倍has increased 20 times over.90%的贸易在海上进行Ninety percent of trade goes by sea.每年多达五亿的货柜500 million containers are transported every year,被运往主要的消费地区headed for the world's major hubs of consumption,例如迪拜such as Dubai.迪拜是世界上最大的建筑工地之一Dubai is one of the biggest construction sites in the world 一个将不可能变成可能的国家 a country where the impossible becomes possible.例如在大海中建造人工岛Building artificial islands in the sea, for example.迪拜缺乏自然资源Dubai has few natural resources,但依靠石油赚的钱，它可以输入数百万吨的原料but with the money from oil, it can bring millions of tons of material and people...和来自世界各地的人口from all over the world.它可以建造大厦丛林，一个比一个高It can build forests of skyscrapers, each one taller than the last,甚至在沙漠中建筑滑雪道or even a ski slope in the middle of the desert.迪拜没有农田，但可以进口食物Dubai has no farmland, but it can import food.迪拜没有水源Dubai has no water,但可以花费大量能源but it can afford to expend immense amounts of energy...淡化海水并修建世界上最高的摩天大楼to desalinate seawater and build the highest skyscrapers in the world.迪拜阳光充沛但没有太阳能电池板Dubai has endless sun but no solar panels.城市的需求永无止境It is the city of more is more,在这里最不着边的梦想也能变成现实where the wildest dreams become reality.迪拜是西方模式的顶峰Dubai is a sort of culmination of the Western model,它的800米高的图腾式建筑with its 800-meter high totem to total modernity...一直让世界惊奇that never fails to amaze the world.过分吗？也许吧Excessive? Perhaps.迪拜似乎已作出选择Dubai appears to have made its choice.它恰似全球财富的像征It is like the new beacon for all the world's money.没有任何事物比迪拜更远离大自然Nothing seems further removed from nature than Dubai,但没有任何事物比迪拜更依赖大自然although nothing depends on nature more than Dubai.这城市只不过跟随富裕国家的模式The city merely follows the model of wealthy nations.我们还不明白我们正在耗尽自然资源We haven't understood that we're depleting what nature provides.对海洋世界我们了解什么？What do we know of the marine world, of which we see only the surface,它覆盖了地球四分之三的面积and which covers three-quarters of the planet?海洋深度仍是个秘密The ocean depths remain a secret.海洋中存在的数千物种对我们来说也是一个谜They contain thousands of species whose existence remains a mystery to us.自1950年起，渔业捕获量增加了5倍Since 1950, fishing catches have increased fivefold,由每年一千八百万吨增至一亿吨from 18 to 100 million metric tons a year.数以千计的加工渔船淘空海洋Thousands of factory ships are emptying the oceans.四分之三的渔场已枯竭Three-quarters of fishing grounds are exhausted,废弃或是频临废弃depleted or in danger of being so.大型鱼类已所剩无几Most large fish have been fished out of existence,因为没有时间繁殖since they have no time to reproduce.我们把上苍赋予的生命循环摧毁了We are destroying the cycle of a life that was given to us. 在海岸线上，到处都是资源耗尽的迹象On the coastlines, signs of the exhaustion of stocks。
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太阳辐射的能量来源？
核聚变反应：
高压
4H
高温
1 He
1500万度
太阳辐射能主要集中在波长较 短的可见光波段之间（0.4～0.76微 米)，约太阳辐射总能量的50%。
B
A
C
A:紫外区 B:可见光区 C:红外区
生物的生长
风（大气运动）
太阳能电站
太阳能热水器
太阳灶
煤
石油
一．太阳辐射对地球的影响
第一章
宇宙中的地球
第二节 太阳对地球的影响
知识结构
太阳对地球的影响
太阳辐射对地球的影响 太阳活动对地球的影响
※ 太阳辐射
※ 太阳大气层
※ 太阳能量的来源
※ 为地球提供能量
※ 太阳活动
※ 太阳活动对地球的影响
一．太阳辐射对地球的影响
1、太阳辐射
太阳源源不断 地以电磁波的形式 向四周放射能量， 这种现象被称为太 阳辐射。
一、太阳辐射对地球的影响
1、维持地表温度 2、是大气，水和生物生命活动的主要动力 3、是人类生产生活的主要能源 4、是地理环境形成和变化的重要因素
二、太阳活动对地球的影响
光球层---黑子----太阳活动的标志 影响地球气候（降水） 色球层---耀斑----太阳活动最激烈的表现 影响电离层，干扰无线电短波通讯， 影响地球磁场，产生磁暴现象。 日珥 日冕层---太阳风----在两极地区产生极光
2、以各种各样的形式为地球提供能量
直接为地球提供光、热资源，维持生物的生长发育； 维持地表温度，促进地球上水、大气运动和生物活动； 煤、石油等矿物燃料，是地质历史时期生物固定以后积 累下来的太阳能； 是日常生活、生产中多种能源的来源。
[ 拓展 ]
分析说明我国太阳辐射能的分布特点及原因。
（4）如何将太阳活动可能造成的不利影响减少到最低程 度？ 加强对太阳活动的观测和预报 。
读“太阳大气结构示意图”，回答问题。
（1）太阳的大气 层名称是
A
C
光球
，
， 。
B C
色球
日冕
A
（2）太阳活动的主要类型①是 太阳黑子，其变化的周期 为 11 年，它的多少和大小可以作为太阳活动强弱的主 要标志；②是 耀斑 ，它是太阳活动最激烈的显示。
（3） 请用3个以上实例说明太阳活动对地球的影响： ① 对气候的影响（如太阳黑子与年降水量有相关性） ； （导致无线电短波通讯衰减或中断） ② 扰动地球的电离层 ； ③ 对地球磁场的影响（产生“磁暴”现象） 。
色球 光球
太 阳 黑 子
光球层
2)耀斑（色球）
现象：太阳 色球有时出 现突然增大、 增亮的斑块
太 阳（日冕） 风
其实是高能带 电的粒子流
2.太阳活动的主要类型
光球层 黑子
色球层
日冕层
耀斑和日珥
太阳风
太阳黑子数目的多少和大小，可以作为太阳活 动强弱的标志，其周期11年 太阳耀斑爆发是太阳活动最激烈的显示。
1.太阳的大气结构
外
日冕
色球 光球
内
由内到外 光球
色球层 光球层
色球 日冕
厚度:小→大 温度:低→高 日冕层 亮度:大→小
边缘为色球层
日冕层
色球外很稀薄的 完全电离的太阳 大气
二、太阳活动对地球的影响
2.太阳活动
太阳释放能量的不稳定性所导致的一些明 日冕 显现象。如太阳黑子、耀斑、日珥、太阳风等。 最主要的：黑子和耀斑。
四川盆地为低值中心的 原因在于：盆地地形， 水汽不易散发，阴天， 雾天较多，造成日照时 数短，日照强度弱，太 阳能资源贫乏。
知识结构
太阳对地球的影响
太阳辐射对地球的影响 太阳Βιβλιοθήκη 动对地球的影响※ 太阳辐射
※ 太阳大气层
※ 太阳能量的来源
※ 为地球提供能量
※ 太阳活动
※ 太阳活动对地球的影响
二、太阳活动对地球的影响
影响太阳辐射多少的主要因素是什么?
纬度——（低）太阳高度角大——多 海拔——空气稀薄——大气的削弱作用小——太阳辐 射多 天气状况——阴天——太阳辐射少
中国年太阳辐射总量的空间分布
青藏高原成为太阳辐射 的高值中心，，主要是 因为： ①海拔高，空气稀薄， 空气中尘埃较少，大气 对太阳辐射的削弱作用 小，到达地面的太阳辐 射能多。 ②晴天较多，日照时间 较长。
信鸽为什么不回家了？是被人捕杀了，还是？ 结论: 太阳活动爆发，干扰地球磁场——磁暴。
③对地球磁场的影响，产生“磁暴”
3.太阳活动对地球的影响
①太阳活动影响地球气候（降水） ②扰乱地球电离层，影响无线电短波通信
③对地球磁场的影响，产生“磁暴”
极光
4月1日凌 晨出现在 新西兰达 尼丁市上 空的一片 壮观的红 色极光。
3.太阳活动对地球的影响
①太阳活动影响地球气候（降水） ②扰乱地球电离层，影响无线电短波通信
探究
据《沈阳晚报》报道，05年9月21日举行的一 场空距500公里的信鸽放飞比赛中，沈阳市信鸽协 会的会员们痛失近4000只优良信鸽，自9月21日这 批鸽子在河北唐山放飞后，除少量飞回外，绝大部 分不会再归巢了。
在芬兰 南部的 海文卡 城出现 了清晰 可见的 美丽极 光。
“极”航天器(Polar)成 功拍摄到记录地球南北 极两端同时出现美丽极 光景象
3.太阳活动对地球的影响
①对地球气候和天气的影响
②扰乱地球电离层，影响无线电短波通信
③对地球磁场的影响，产生“磁暴” ④带电粒子流与大气摩擦产生极光现象
回顾总结
3.太阳活动对地球的影响
①对地球气候和天气的影响
探究
中高纬地区的一些乔木年轮的疏密变化，有明显 的11年周期性，怎么回事呢?
3.太阳活动对地球的影响
①太阳活动影响地球气候（降水）
距地面80—500千米高度范围的大气，因受太阳紫外线和宇 宙射线的作用，大气中氧和氮分子被分解为离子，大气处于电离 状态，所以叫电离层。电离层可以反射无线电短波,帮助人们进 行无线电短波通信。