第1章- 专转本 20111113

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南师专转本课后习题参考答案1-4章

南师专转本课后习题参考答案1-4章
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超文本传输协议
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对ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้


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2011高职升本专业考试试卷(文科生B卷标准答案)

2011高职升本专业考试试卷(文科生B卷标准答案)

2011年专业考试试卷标准答案与评分标准(文科生B卷)专业:软件工程时间为120分钟(共200 分)第一部分、C语言基础一、单项选择题:在每小题列出的四个备选答案中只有一个答案符合题目要求。

请将正确答案填入“单项选择题答题表”对应的格中。

未填入答题表、错选或多选均不得分。

(本题共25小题,每小题2分,共50分)二、填空题(本题共10小题,每小题1分,共10分)三、判断题:正确的划√,错误的划×。

(本题共15小题,每小题1分,共15分)四、阅读程序题(写出程序的运行结果)(本题共5小题,每小题5分,共25分)第二部分、多媒体应用基础一、单项选择题:在每小题列出的四个备选答案中只有一个答案符合题目要求。

请将正确答案填入“单项选择题答题表”对应的格中。

未填入答题表、错选或多选均不得分。

(本题共35小题,每小题1分,共35分)二、填空题(本题共10题,每小题1分,共10分)三、判断题:正确的划√,错误的划×。

(本题共15小题,每小题1分,共15分)四、名词解释题(本题共3小题,第1-2小题3分,第3小题4分,共10分)1.色调:色调是描述颜色的不同类别的物理量称为色调,如红、橙、黄、绿、青蓝和紫等,它取决于色光的波长。

2.有损压缩:有损压缩指解压后的数据与压缩前的数据不一致,在压缩的过程中要丢失一些人眼和人耳所不敏感的图像或音频信息,而且丢失的信息不可恢复。

3.多媒体技术:多媒体技术就是制作多媒体内容的技术,将文本、音频、图形图像、动画和视频等多种媒体信息通过计算机进行数字化采集、编码、存储、传输、处理和再现等,使多种媒体信息建立起逻辑连接,并集成为一个具有交互性的系统的技术。

五、简答题(本题共2小题,第1小题7分,第1小题8分,共15分)1.简要说明为什么光盘存储器能够成为多媒体系统普遍使用的设备。

答:将声音、文字、图形图像和视频等多媒体信息输入计算机进行处理,能充分利用计算机的运算功能,但随之带来的一个显著问题是数字化的音频、视频数据量很大,这些信息即使经过压缩,所需的存储空间仍然十分可观,传统的计算机存储设备,如磁盘、磁带等,无法满足信息对大容量和实时性的要求。

江苏省2011年普通高校专转本选拔考试

江苏省2011年普通高校专转本选拔考试

江苏省2011年普通高校专转本选拔考试英语试题卷(非英语类专业)第I卷(共100分)Part I Reading Comprehension (共20小题,每小题2分,共40分)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the bet choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.Everyone loves to eat! People in every country enjoy this activity. There are so many different kinds of food in the world一 Chinese food, Italian food, South American food, Indian food, and many others. It's fun to eat and compare different types of cuisine. Italian food is sometimes very spicy, but South American food is usually much spicier. Indian food can be the spiciest of all - sometimes it's so hot that it can make your mouth burn! But that's okay because then you can drink some good Italian or French wine to reduce the burning!Some wonderful food comes from the Eastern countries. Chinese food is popular in many pars of the world. Lots of people love Chinese-style vegetables because they are so crispy. Because Chinese-style vegetables are usually cooked for a much shorter time, they are crispier than American-style vegetables. In fact, they are probably the crispiest cooked vegetables you can find.Some people don't like American-style food. They think it is often less tasty and sometimes less nutritious than food in other countries. Americans spend nearly half their food dollars on meals away from home. They eat more "fast food", such as hamburgers, hot dogs, pizzas, canned and frozen food, for fast food takes a short time to prepare. Often, Americans feel they are too busy to spend a lot of time cooking. it's easier to pick up a pack of fried chicken on the way home from work or take the family out for pizzas or burgers than to start opening cans or heating up frozen dinners after a long, hard day.Of course, in some other countries, like France, cooking is still an "art form". Some people believe that French cuisine is the best in the world. Certainly,each person has a different opinion about which country has the tastiest food. But people in many places agree that French food is the most delicious and the best prepared.1. The main idea of this passage is that ▲ .A. American food is less delicious than food in other countriesB. people in many countries prefer Chinese foodC. it's interesting to compare a variety of food in different countriesD. people enjoy different kinds of food in the world2. We can infer from the passage that ▲ .A. wine makes you mouth burnB. French chefs love t be artistsC. South American food is not so spicy as Indian foodD. the most wonderful food comes from Eastern countries3. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? ▲ .A. French food is delicious, but not well preparedB. Indian food has to be enjoyed with Italian or French wineC. Chinese-style vegetables are possibly the crispiestD. American food is believed t be the most difficult to cook4. Americans eat a lot of "fast food" because ▲ .A. they believe American food is the bestB. American food contains more nutritionC. they don't like food in other countriesD. they don't think they have enough time to prepare meals5. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage? ▲ .A. Chinese-style vegetables are often cooked for a short timeB. American food is often believed to be less tastyC. Everyone in the word dislikes Indian foodD. People have different opinions about French cuisinePassage TwoQuestions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.If American children have to use mosquito ringtone (静音) of cell phones at school, a university in Japan is doing the opposite: giving cell phones to students. And not just any cell phone-the iPhone 3G.According to Asiajin, about 550 students and staff members in the School of Social Informatics at Tokyo-based university Aoyama Gakuin received the iPhone 3G for free as part of their study materials.This is the result of a deal that Aoyama Gakuin signed with SoftBank, the only sales representative of the iPhone in Japan. The number of students using the iPhone is expected to reach about 1,000. This is the first time a particular cell phone has been used on such a huge scale at a Japanese university.The phone will work as a study tool for students. As it comes with the global positioning system (GPS), the university plans to use it to check student attendance. Dropping classes is a big problem in Japan, where regular attendance is an important factor in determining a student's grade. Students often fake attendance by getting classmates to answer roll calls.Now, with the iPhone 3G, the school plans to keep better tabs on (监控) its students. Students are allowed to use the phone for attendance reporting (but only if they are actually in the classroom, a fact that will be proved by the phone's GPS), lecture podcasting, and online examinations. A student can't answer the roll cal using the phone from any location other than the classroom.Students can, of course, still cheat the new system by leaving their phones with fellow classmates, but this is not very likely to happen, as people tend to keep a lot of private information on their phones that they don't want to share with others.As for calling and data plans, the university covers the basic fee. The hardware itself is free, but students will have to pay when they exceed downloading limits.6. According to the passage, American children are ▲ at school.A. encouraged to use cell phonesB. not encouraged to use cell phonesC. offered a new type of free cell phonesD. allowed to use free cell phones7. Which of the following statements is NOT true of the School of Social Informatics?▲ .A. Students receive the iPhone 3G for freeB. Students use the iPhone 3G as a study toolC. Students have received the iPhone 3G beforeD. Students can save private information on the iPhone 3G8. Which of the following problems might be solved by using the iPhone 3G? ▲ .A. Fake attendance reported by classmatesB. Failure of on-line examinationsC. Answer to roll calls at schoolD. High cost of telephoning9. The following functions of the iPhone 3G are mentioned in the text EXCEPT▲ .A. attendance reportingB. lecture podcastingC. online examinationsD. downloading payment10. This passage is mainly about ▲ .A. the uses of the iPhone 3G at a Japanese universityB. the advantages of the iPhone 3G in Japanese universitiesC. the control of dropping classes in a Japanese schoolD. the use of GPS to locate students at schoolPassage ThreeQuestions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.Coco Chanel, a French woman, is very famous for her success in the fashion world. The life of Coco Chanel is a classic rags-to-riches story. Born in 1883,she was abandoned by her father after her mother died. She was raised by her aunts who taught her to sew and gave her the nickname Coco, which means "little pet".Staring out as a hat designer, Coco went against the fancy hats being worn at the time. "How can a brain function under those things," she wondered. Instead,she created simple, but beautiful designs which became popular with fashionable young women of Paris.Strangely enough, Word War I gave her the chance to develop her idea of simple elegance from hats to clothing. Due to the shortage of material during the war,she took the opportunity to show that less can truly be more, introducing turtle-neck (叠领) sweater and pants for women.In 1923, Coco launched her line of perfumes. "A woman who does not wear perfume has no future!" she said, and women believed her. Since its first appearance, ChanelNO.5 has been the world's most popular perfume, with another bottle being sold every 30 seconds. And Coco herself inspired generations of women designers and businesswomen to pursue their dreams.11. The word famous brand "Chanel" is named after ▲ .A. a little animalB. a hat companyC. the nickname of a French womanD. the surname of a French girl12. Coco had her hats ▲ those of her time at the beginning of her designing.A. fancier thanB. different fromC. similar toD. more expensive than13. According to the passage, Chanel's designs can be best described as ▲ .A. fashionableB. luxuriousC. simple and elegantD. A and C14. The launch of Chanel perfumes is based on the belief that ▲ .A. a woman who does not wear perfume has no futureB. it will be the world's most popular perfumeC. it will be sold every 30 secondsD. women are fond of al kinds of perfumes15. Coco Chanel's success story tells us that ▲ .A. becoming rich is not so difficultB. women are more likely to succeedC. people can pursue their dreamsD. the poor are more likely to succeedPassage FourQuestions 16 to 20 are base on the following passage.Everyone knows that laziness is not good. We have probably al had lectures telling that laziness is immoral, that it is wasteful, and that lazy people will never gain anything in life. But laziness can be more harmful than that, and it is often caused by more complex reasons. Some people who appear to be lazy are suffering from much more serious problems. They may not trust their fellow workers and they are unable to join in any group task for fear of being laughed at or for fear of having their ideas stolen. These people who seem lazy may be affected by a fear of failure that prevents successful work. Some people are so busy planning great deals that they are unable to deal with" easier" work on hand. Still others are not avoiding work; strictly speaking, they are simply putting of their work.Laziness, however, can actually be helpful. Some people may look lazy while they are really thinking, planning and researching. We should al remember that great scientific discoveries happened by chance. Newton wasn't working on the farm when the apple hit him and he devised the theory of gravity. Al of us would like to have someone "lazy" build the car we buy, particularly if that "laziness" were caused by the worker's taking time to check each step of his work and to do his job right. And sometimes, being "lazy" - that is, taking time of for a rest一is good for the overworked students or executives. Taking a rest can be particularly helpful to the sportsman who is trying too hard or the doctor who is simply working himselfovertime too many evenings in the hospital. So be careful when you want to cal someone lazy. That person may be thinking, resting, or planning his or her next work.16. The main idea of this passage is that ▲ . 5A. laziness is a bad habit that everyone wants to get rid ofB. there are advantages and disadvantages in being lazyC laziness is the sign of very serious emotional problemsD. lazy people usually do their work more carefully17. Which of the following statements is mentioned in the passage? ▲ .A. Laziness is a kind of mental diseaseB. Laziness is more beneficial than harmfulC. Laziness cannot be explainedD. Laziness is sometimes due to a fear of failure18. Which of the following ideas does the passage support? ▲ .A. Most of the time laziness is a good qualityB. Most assembly workers are lazyC. The word "laziness" is sometimes misusedD. Most overworked people are lazy19. The author's attitude towards laziness is ▲ .A. objectiveB. subjectiveC. criticalD. humorous20. As used in this passage, the word "devised" ( in Paragraph 2 ) probably means▲ .A. understoodB. wroteC. createdD. provedPartⅡ Vocabulary and Structure (共40小题,每小题1分,共40分〉Directions: There are 40 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.21. By the middle of the 21st century, the vast majority of the word's people▲ in cities rather than in rural areas.A. are livingB. will be livingC. have livedD. will have lived22. Al fights ▲ because of the snowstorm, many passengers could donothing but stay at the airport.A. had been cancelledB. were cancelledC. having been cancelledD. have been cancelled23. The problem is believed ▲ at the meeting two days ago.A. to have discussedB. to have been discussedC. being discussedD. having been discussed24. It was so hot that they ▲ the electric fan ▲ all through thenight.A. had; runningB. had; runC. had; ranD. had; to run25. Some of the committee members suggested ▲ a party for the visitor, butthe Chairman didn't approve.A. to arrangeB. arrangeC. arrangingD. to be arranging26.一Do you regret paying five hundred dollars just for the oil painting?一No. I would gladly have paid ▲ for it.A. twice as muchB. twice so muchC. as much twiceD. so much twice27. ▲ me most was that the young man who had lost both arms in an accidentcould play the piano beautifully with his feet.A. That amazedB. It amazedC. Which amazedD. What amazed28. The team leader promised to attend the meeting ▲ he arrived at the office.A. for the time beingB. the momentC. as much asD. the day29. Bob ▲ hard, otherwise he ▲ this exam.A. must have worked …would failB. mustn't have worked… wouldn't failC. can't work …wouldn't have failedD. can't have worked …wouldn't have failed30. Scarcely ▲ asleep when a knock at the door awakened her.A. had she fallenB. she had fallenC. did she fallD. she fell31. ▲ man realized that the brain controlled our thinking.A. It was not until the 18th century thatB. It was the 18th century sinceC. Not until the 18th century didD. It was until the 18th century which32. The president of the college, together with the deans,▲ planning aconference for setting a series of regulations.A. wereB. areC. isD. be33. Advertising is distinguished from other forms of communication ▲ theadvertiser pays for the message to be delivered.A. in thatB. in whichC. in order thatD. in the way34. My grandfather has a pair of ▲ .A. Spanish leather black bootsB. black Spanish leather bootsC. Spanish black leather bootsD. leather Spanish black boots35. I don't think you can finish painting the fence alone in such a short time,▲ ?A. do IB. can youC. can't youD. won't you36. There were ▲ accidents on the road this year than last year, but thisdoesn't mean there is ▲ need for careful driving.A. less; lessB. fewer; littleC. less; fewerD. fewer; fewer37. Needless to say, the second list of words ▲ more easily than the first one.A. can remember 7B. can be rememberedC. will rememberD. be remembered38. When I went out jogging early this morning, I found the ground wet. It ▲last night.A. might have rainedB. may have rainedC. can have rainedD. must have rained39. The reason why I came back is ▲ she would have been very angry if I hadn't.A. thatB. becauseC. forD. that because40. Don't come tomorrow. I'd rather you ▲ next weekend.A. will comeB. cameC. to comeD. had come41. How can a crowd ▲ while a woman is being attacked and robbed?A. stand forB. stand up toC. stand byD. stand up42. Although the financial crisis spread al over the southeaster Asian countries,the market in China remained ▲ as usual.A. fixedB. freshC. firmD. steady43. She ▲ his anger though he did not say a word to her.A. understoodB. heardC. sensedD. learned44. The government has ▲ the prices of medicines for the benefit of the people.A. brought down B went down C. closed down D. reduced down45. In some cases, your instructor may tell you the topics ▲ or may giveyou a choice of topics to write about.A. in advance B ahead of C. above all D. just right46. ▲ there is little we can do to change the weather, we can at least knowwhat kind of weather to expect.A. WhereB. LestC. AlthoughD. Unless47. The Browns have not ▲ yet and I doubt whether they will come.A. turned inB. turned outC. turned upD. turned to48. She will have to look for somewhere else to work, for she can't ▲ suchloud noise any longer.A. come up withB. catch up withC. keep up withD. put up with49. It is reported that many automobile accidents ▲ careless driving.A. attributed toB. resulted fromC. contributed toD. raised from50. I am ▲ grateful for the kindness you have shown my son.A. excessivelyB. frequentlyC. certainlyD. happily51. The old man expects that his son will ▲ the company when he retires.A. take toB. take outC. take offD. take over52. The police asked for the ▲ of the public in tracing the missing boy.A. cooperationB. combinationC. possibilityD. capacity53. In computer programming, the model is ▲ to any of the others we haveever had.A. more superior B the more superiorC. the most superiorD. superior54. ▲ the large amount of time devoted to English listening every day, mostcollege students feel it hard to understand English news broadcasting.A. HoweverB. IfC. DespiteD. Even55. I have given up trying to convince him; there is no point ▲ arguing withhim.A. by B with C. for D. in56. No one knew the man's marital status until he ▲ it in the course of aconversation.A. displayedB. revealedC. exhibitedD. exposed57. We will take a tour around Hangzhou next year ▲ we have enough money.A. lestB. untilC. unlessD. provided58. ▲ the traffic jam, they would have arrived earlier.A. Except forB. But forC. Apart fromD. Instead of59. I'l1 be very glad that you agree to ▲ the pear robbery in the shoppingmall. A. look up B. look for C. look over D. look into60. The mysterious guest on the show is ▲ the president of our university.A. no more thanB. none other thanC. not other thanD. nobody thanPart Ⅲ Cloze (共20小题,每小题1分,共20分)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the context .Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.In any comprehension text you will find words that you don't know. You can 61 them up in a dictionary, of course, 62 it is a good idea to get 63 the habit of using a dictionary as 64 as possible, particularly if you are preparing 65 an examination. In fact, if you read the text 66 and think, it is usually possible to guess the 67 of most words that you don't know. Look 68 the context of each word - the sentence that it is 69 ,and the sentences that come before and after. Look to see 70 the word is repeated 71 in the text; the more often it is 72 ,the easier it is to understand.Some words 73 be guessed from looking at their 74 . But don't expect to be able to guess 75 of the new words in a text. There will be 76 that you can only get a general 77 of, and a few will be impossible. Don't 78 too much time worrying about these: the most 79 thing is to understand the text as a (an) 80 as well as possible, and one or two difficult words will not usually make much difference.61. A check B. look C. find D. try62. A. since B. because C. but D. therefore63. A. into B. by C. from D. through64. A. frequently B. rarely C. much D. farther65. A. in B. into C. against D. for66. A. quickly B. really C. strictly D. carefully67. A. meaning B. usage C. context D. function68. A. for B. after C. at D. on69. A. with B. between C. for D. in70. A. if B. what C. how D. where71 A. later B. late C. lately D. later72. A. appeared B. counted C. used D. shown73. A. must B. would C. should D. can74. A. forms B. faces C. builds D. blocks75. A. some B. any C. many D. all76. A. some B. little C. none D. much77. A. model B. example C. concept D. idea78. A. waste B. have C. use D. try79. A. interesting B. important C. pressing D. advantageous80. A. unity B. entire C. whole D. complete第Ⅱ卷(共50分)Part IV Translation (共35分)Section A (共5小题,每小题4分,共20分〉Directions: Translate the following sentences into Chinese. You may refer to the correspondingpassages in Part I.81. Indian food can be the spiciest of al-sometimes it's so hot that it can makeyour mouth burn! But that's okay because then you can drink some good Italian or French wine to reduce the burning!82. The number of students using the iPhone is expected to reach about 1,000.This is the first time a particular cell phone has been used on such a huge scale at a Japanese university.83. Due to the shortage of material during the war, she took the opportunity toshow that less can truly be more, introducing turtle-neck (叠领) sweater and pants for women.84. They may not trust their fellow workers and they are unable to join in any grouptask for fear of being laughed at or for fear of having their ideas stolen.85. Some people may look lazy while they are really thinking,planning andresearching. We should al remember that great scientific discoveries happened by chance.Section B (共5小题,每小题3分,共15分〉Directions: Translate the following sentences into English.86.日本地震后,人们开始担忧核能安全了。

2011年专接本招生计划及专业课考试大纲定稿(保证2011)

2011年专接本招生计划及专业课考试大纲定稿(保证2011)

辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义原理(第四版) 李秀林 邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想概论 学前教育学 田克勤 黄人颂
儿童发展心理学 《生物化学检验》(第2版) 《微生物学检验》(第2版) 《免疫学检验》(第2版) 《临床检验基础》(第2版) 生理学(五版) 病理学(五版) 人体解剖学(五版) 生物化学(第六版) 人体解剖学 中医基础理论 人体解剖学 新编英语教程(1-2) 英语听力入门(1-4) 新编英语阅读 《新闻学概论》 《中国新闻传播史》 《新闻采访学》 人文地理学(第二版) 自然地理(第四版) 地图学原理 现代广告通论 广告策划 传播学教程 《有机化学》 《物理化学》 微生物学(第二版) 细胞生物学(第三版) 水化学 鱼类学 普通植物病理学(第三版) 普通昆虫学(第二版) 遗传学(第三版) 作物栽培学各论 物业管理基本制度与政策(第一版) 物业管理实务(第一版) 工程力学 机械设计基础 水工钢筋混凝土结构学(第四版) 建筑材料(第四版) 秘书学概论 文书学 档案管理学基础 应用写作 秘书学概论 秘书写作 公共关系原理与实务
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2013年专转本本二,本三录取分数线

2013年专转本本二,本三录取分数线

第 1 页,共 17 页
科类名称 理科三年级 理科三年级 理科三年级 理科三年级 理科三年级 理科三年级 理科三年级 理科三年级 理科三年级 理科三年级 理科三年级 理科三年级 理科三年级 理科三年级 理科三年级 理科三年级 理科三年级 理科三年级 理科三年级 理科三年级 理科三年级 理科三年级 英语三年级 英语三年级 英语三年级 英语三年级 日语三年级 艺术三年级 艺术三年级 艺术三年级 艺术三年级 艺术三年级 艺术三年级 艺术三年级 文科二年级 文科二年级 文科二年级 文科二年级 文科二年级 文科二年级 文科二年级 文科二年级 文科二年级 文科二年级 文科二年级
江苏省2013年普通高校专转本选拔考试第一批公办平行志愿院校(专业)投档分数线
制表日期:2013年5月13日 科类名称 文科三年级 文科三年级 文科三年级 文科三年级 文科三年级 文科三年级 文科三年级 文科三年级 文科三年级 文科三年级 文科三年级 文科三年级 文科三年级 文科三年级 文科三年级 文科三年级 文科三年级 文科三年级 文科三年级 文科三年级 文科三年级 文科三年级 文科三年级 文科三年级 文科三年级 理科三年级 理科三年级 理科三年级 理科三年级 理科三年级 理科三年级 理科三年级 理科三年级 理科三年级 理科三年级 理科三年级 理科三年级 理科三年级 理科三年级 理科三年级 理科三年级 院校代号 1110 1110 1110 1110 1110 1120 1120 1120 1120 1120 1244 1244 1244 1244 1272 1272 1274 1274 1301 1301 1324 1342 1342 1342 1342 1110 1110 1110 1110 1110 1110 1110 1120 1120 1244 1244 1244 1244 1244 1272 1272 院校名称 南京工业大学 南京工业大学 南京工业大学 南京工业大学 南京工业大学 南京晓庄学院 南京晓庄学院 南京晓庄学院 南京晓庄学院 南京晓庄学院 江苏理工学院 江苏理工学院 江苏理工学院 江苏理工学院 苏州科技学院 苏州科技学院 常熟理工学院 常熟理工学院 盐城工学院 盐城工学院 徐州工程学院 淮阴工学院 淮阴工学院 淮阴工学院 淮阴工学院 南京工业大学 南京工业大学 南京工业大学 南京工业大学 南京工业大学 南京工业大学 南京工业大学 南京晓庄学院 南京晓庄学院 江苏理工学院 江苏理工学院 江苏理工学院 江苏理工学院 江苏理工学院 苏州科技学院 苏州科技学院 专业 代号 02 04 06 08 10 09 12 15 18 21 05 07 11 17 14 17 22 23 02 05 11 08 12 17 27 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 24 26 02 09 13 15 19 02 05 专业名称 国际经济与贸易 电子商务 法学 行政管理 公共事业管理 汉语言文学(文秘) 旅游管理 经济学(金融与保险) 经济学(国际贸易) 物流管理 旅游管理 市场营销 国际经济与贸易 会计学 工商管理 市场营销 财务管理 市场营销 会计学 旅游管理 财务管理 计算机科学与技术 工商管理(商务秘书) 财务管理 物流工程 化学 高分子材料与工程 机械工程及自动化 自动化 应用化学 轻化工程 环境工程 软件工程 生物科学 电子信息工程 市场营销 国际经济与贸易 汽车服务工程 会计学 电子信息工程 计算机科学与技术 投档分 290 284 277 282 277 291 282 285 285 281 277 278 278 284 280 277 280 277 278 277 279 277 286 281 279 269 269 291 313 285 275 269 292 280 287 286 293 269 306 289 285

2011江苏专转本语文真题答案

2011江苏专转本语文真题答案

2011年江苏省专转本《大学语文》真题答案二、阅读理解(16-25题,每小题2分,共20分)三、文学作品赏析(15分)26.(300字左右)评分参考标准:一类:角度新颖,观点明确,结构严谨,语言优美流畅。

(15分~13分)二类:角度合理,观点明确,结构完整,语言通顺。

(12分~10分)三类:角度尚合理,观点尚明确,结构基本完整,语言基本通顺。

(9分~6分)四类:缺乏明确角度,内容散乱,结构不完整,语病较多。

(5分~0分)四、作文(本大题共2小题。

共l00分)27.(300字以内,30分)评分参考标准:(1)标题(2分)(2)调查报告的开头部分(14分)①调查缘由、目的(4分)②调查时间(2分)③调查对象的概况(3分)④调查的经过(方法)(5分)(3)调查报告的正文部分(13分)①调查的内容或事实(6分)②对调查的事实作分析(4分)③说明观点和结论(3分)(4)调查报告的结尾部分提出建议、办法和措施,简单进行概括。

(此项内容可有可无,有的话可适当加分)(5)调查报告的落款(1分)调查者的姓名(1分)例:关于网络语言使用情况的调查报告(提纲)(2分)调查缘由:网络时代给人们的生活带来了不小的变化,一批网络用语也随之进入人们的日常口语甚至青少年的作文中,这种现象引起了国家有关部门和一部分语言文字工作者的关注。

作为一名在校大学生,本人将对此进行调查,以显示该现象对在校大学生的影响及其深入程度,为决策部门提供参考。

(4分) 调查时间:自××日起,至××日止。

(2分)调查对象:本校在读大学生。

(3分)调查方法:设计问卷(个别访谈、BBS版抽样)等。

(4分)调查内容:选择具有代表性的网络词语50个,对其在在校大学生中的使用场合、使用频率和认同程度进行量化统计,从而预测这些网络用语的发展趋势。

(6分)调查过程:先发放问卷,然后收回,进行统计分析。

(5分)得出结论。

(3分)调查人:×××(1分)28.(800字左右,70分)评分参考标准:一类:中心突出,材料充实,结构严谨,语言流畅。

2011江苏专转本语文试题真题及参考答案

2011江苏专转本语文试题真题及参考答案

语言基础自测试题字音部分字音部分字音部分字音部分1 .下列词语中加点的字,读音全都正确的一组是A .绮.丽(q ǐ) 箴 .言(ji ān ) 乳臭.未干(xi ù)B .擂.台(l âi ) 皎.洁(ji ǎo) 卷帙.浩繁(zh ì)C .戕.害(qi ān ɡ) 璞.玉(p ǔ) 塞 .翁失马(s ài)D .踪迹.(j ì) 姊.妹(ji ě) 载.歌载舞(z ài)2 .下列词语中加点的字,读音全都正确的一组是A .拘泥.(n ì) 标识 .(zh ì) 暴殄.天物(ti ǎn) [ 来源:]B .匹.配(p ǐ) 戏谑.(xu â) 风光旖.旎(q í)C .参与.(y ǔ) 弹劾 .(h ã) 审时度.势(du ï)D .倾轧.(y à) 结束 .(s ù) 杞 .人忧天(q ǐ)3 .下列各组词语中加点的字的读音,与所给注音全都相同的一组是XK]A .差ch ā差.错误差.差.强人意差 .可告慰B .解ji ě解.决押解.数不求甚解.C .塞s â堵塞.边塞 .闭目塞.听敷衍塞.责D .提t í提.炼提 .防提 .纲挈领耳提.面命4 .下列词语中加点的字的读音,全都不相同的一组是A .盐碱.箴.言呼喊.减.员增效感 .激涕零B .阐.述弹 .药禅 .让肆无忌惮.殚.精竭虑C .束缚.薄.荷簿 .册赤膊.上阵博.大精深D .滇.池嗔 .怒缜 .密精卫填.海谨小慎.微5 .下列词语中加点的字的读音不完全相同的一组是A .远岫.刺绣 .衣袖 .秀.外慧中乳臭.未干曲.直祛 .除趋 .炎附势屈 .打成招C .涕.泪抽屉.警惕 .风流倜.傥替 .罪羔羊D .露.脸简陋.痔瘘 .漏.网之鱼镂 .骨铭心6 .下列词语中加点的字的读音完全相同的一组是A .晋.升灰烬.觐.见进 .退两难噤 .若寒蝉专转本2011 级基础班辅导大学语文B .闪烁.硕.大回溯.媒妁 .之言数.见不鲜C .邂.逅亵 .渎狡黠.不屑 .一顾歌台舞榭.D .罪孽.啮.齿涅 .槃劣 .迹昭彰蹑 .手蹑脚7 .下列各组词语中加点字的注音,完全正确的一组是A .豆豉.怨(m án) 同仇敌忾.(k ài) 敷 .衍了事(h ū)B .怃.然(f ǔ) 木讷.(n à) 为虎作伥 .(ch ān ɡ) 咄.咄逼人(du ō)C .着.落(zh áo) 蛊.惑( ɡǔ) 锃.光瓦亮(ch ân ɡ) 引吭.高歌(h án ɡ)D .骁.勇(xi āo) 要挟.(xi ã) 万马齐喑.(y īn) 洗洗涮涮. .(shu à n)8 .下列各组词语中加点字的读音,与所给注音全都相同的一组是A .假ji ǎ暑假.假.嗓子假.以辞色假 .模假式B .供ɡîn ɡ口供.供.销社供.认不讳供 .不应求C .角ji ǎo 角 .膜唱主角.钩心斗角 .凤毛麟角 .D .冠ɡu ān 皇冠.冠.心病衣冠.楚楚冠.盖相望9 .下列词语中加点的字,读音全都正确的一组是A .泊.车(b ï) 船舶.(b ï) 粳.米( ɡěn ɡ) 心肌梗.B .招徕.(l ái) 青睐.(l ài) 切.磋(qi ē) 雕栏玉砌.(q ì )C .拙.劣(zhu ō) 罢黜.(ch ù) 伉.俪(h án ɡ) 引吭.高歌(k àn ɡ)D .宿.敌(s ù) 星宿.(xi ù) 恰当.(d ān ɡ) 螳臂当.车(d àn ɡ)1 0 .下列词语中加点的字,读音不全都相同的一组是A .拜谒.哽咽 .液.晶弃甲曳.兵奖掖.后进B .虔.诚乾 .坤掮 .客潜 .移默化黔 .驴技穷C .山麓.贿赂 .辘.轳戮 .力同心碌 .碌无为D .阡.陌悭 .吝翩跹.谦.谦君子牵 .强附会字形部分字形部分字形部分字形部分1 .下列各组词语中,没有错别字的一组是A .辨析震撼闻者乍舌门庭若市B .仲裁渲泄嗤之以鼻意兴阑姗C .募捐辐射易如翻掌莫衷一是D .疏浚辟谣断章取义毋庸讳言2 .下列词语中没有错别字的一组是A .谱牒翻两番相辅相成逞惶逞恐新程专转本2011 级基础班辅导大学语文第一单元补充练习参考答案见 3B .痊愈度假村遁世绝俗敷衍塞责C .闰年莫须有恶贯满营附庸风雅D .商榷年轻人制定宪法长备不懈3 .下列词语中没有错别字的一组是A .肄业掉书袋篷荜生辉仰之弥高,钻之弥艰B .篇幅挖墙角钟南捷径流水不腐,户枢不蠹C .缘份洽谈会察颜观色城门失火,殃及池鱼D .糟蹋候车室优柔寡断言者无罪,闻者足戒4 .下列各组词语中,没有错别字的一组是A .遴选边缘化骨鲠在喉桃李不言,下自成蹊B .彩排实名制张慌失措己所不欲,勿施于人C .煤碳压轴戏口蜜腹剑兵来将挡,水来土掩D .座谈勘误表翻云覆雨百尺5 .下列各组词语中,没有错别字的一组是A .契合哈密瓜义气用事宁为玉碎,不为瓦全B .狭隘一柱香以逸待劳偷鸡不着失把米C .福祉金箍咒和霭可亲礼轻情意重D .装潢吉祥物吃里爬外口惠而实不至6 .下列句子中有错别字的一句是A .《亮剑》将一代革命军人大智大勇、情深义重的故事演译得淋漓尽致。

2011新程专转本高等数学强化班教材参考答案

2011新程专转本高等数学强化班教材参考答案

同步练习题参考答案第一章 函数、极限、连续性1、()11arctan114f π=-=-;()()()()121,1011arctan 1,01x x e x f x x x x +⎧+-≤<+=⎨+-+≤≤.2、1,2a b =-=.3、()0f x ''.4、240x y +-=.5、232410e x ey e --+=.6、(1)()()2343121t t t +-++. (2)8-.(3)()()()22sin cos cos cos sin cos xf x x xf x x xf x ''''--+.12111⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫(3)极大值()12f =.(4)当24n x k ππ=+时,极大值为()242n k f x ππ+=;当524nx k ππ=+时,极小值为()5242n k f x ππ+=-.21、(1)最大值为3544y 骣÷ç=÷ç÷ç桫,最小值为()55y -=.(4)()112ln x C x-+ . (5)()ln 1sin x C -+ .(6)2211,1211,12x x C x x x C x ⎧-++≥⎪⎨⎪-+-+<⎩ .2、(1)B . (2)A . (3)A (4)B .(5)C . (6)A . (7)C . (8)B .1x x-(23)arcsin ln x x C ++.(24)ln xe x C ⋅+. (25)n C b a -.(26)1xe C x++. (27)()332211arcsin 33x x x x C ⎡⎤--⋅-++⎢⎥⎣⎦.8、① ()02212x x e x →+. ②4. 9、(1)43. (2)()42ln 21-. (3)()1sin1cos112e e ⋅-⋅+.(4)()()21!!,为偶数!!21!!,为奇数!!m m m m I m m m ππ-⎧⋅⎪⎪=⎨-⎪⋅⎪⎩.(5)π. (6)ln 2π⋅. (7)π.1、1 .2、12 . 3、1y. 4、(),,cos cos cos y x z z F F z yz z zx zdz ydx xdy x F z xy y F z xy z xy∂∂=-==-==+∂-∂--.5、1210z f y f f y x ∂'''=⋅+⋅=⋅∂,211112z f xyf yf x y∂'''''=++∂∂.6、122220z x xf f f y y y ⎛⎫∂'''=⋅+⋅-=- ⎪∂⎝⎭,2221222231z x x f f f y x y y y ∂'''''=---∂∂.第六章 级数理论1、D .2、C .3、3R =,收敛区间为()3,3-.故收敛域为(]3,3-.4、( . 5、[]0,1 .6、()()()()1101ln 3313nn n n f x x n ∞++=-=+-+⋅∑, ()06x <≤. ()()121212n n n --∞-⋅4当011x ≤+<即10x -≤<时, ()()111x f x x e ++=+,当112x ≤+≤时,即01x ≤≤时, ()()()211arctan 1f x x x +=+-+,综上可知()()()()121,1011arctan 1,01x x e x f x x x x +⎧+-≤<+=⎨+-+≤≤⎩. 2、求函数()2arcsin ln 1y x =-⎡⎤⎣⎦的连续区间.解:所给函数是初等函数,故求连续区间即是求定义域.故当x π→时,α是比β高阶的无穷小.5、求下列极限(1)22121lim tan sin 1x x x x x x →∞⎛⎫+++ ⎪-⎝⎭; (2)0cos limsin x xx→;00sin 111lim lim 1sin sin 22x x x x x x x →→⎡⎤⎢⎥+=⋅=+⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦ []11112=+=.000mo s l i m m 22sin sin 22t t t t tππ→→→010lim0x x e x x e→+-⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭=型 01l i m 21x x e ee →+==.6、()()1ln 1,00,0sin ,011x x x f x x x x x x ⎧+<⎪⎪==⎨⎪>≠⎪-⎩且 写出()f x 的连续区间,并指出间断点类型. 解: ()()10limln 11f x -=+=;()sin 0lim 0xf +==, 解:()1111414666lim lim 566516nn n n n n n n n n ++++→∞→∞⎛⎫-+ ⎪-+⎝⎭=⋅+⎛⎫+ ⎪⎝⎭01110166+=⋅=+.10、求极限n 解:∵1979n <<⋅,而1lim 799nn →∞⋅=,故由两边夹法则知,原极限为9.⎛⎫第二章 微分及导数的应用1、求下列函数的导数dy dx: (1)(ln y x =; (2)y =(3)sin x y x =; (4)ln y =解:(1)dy x dx '=-+为:()()11lim x f ax b a b →++=+=+;()11f =,故 1a b +=,()()()()()()()221112111111lim lim lim 11111x x x f x f x x x f x x x x -→-→-→----+-+'====----+,的切线方程是 0020y y x x x -=--, 又002y x =,代入得 20024y x x x =-+, 因该切线过点()2,0A ,以2x =、0y =代入上式得2002402x x =-⨯+, 解得01x = (0x =舍去),故0022y x ==,所以所求直线方程是()221y x -=--,整理22d y dx ()()()21121d dt t t d t t dt⎛⎫ ⎪++⎝⎭=+()()2343121t t t +=-++.(2) 2222c o s c o t 2s i n d y t td x t t==--, ()()222222322cot 2csc 12sin sin cos dt d y t t dt d dx t t t t-===--,∴ ()()cos 1cos x y y x y +'=-+, ()111cos y x y '+=-+,对等式()()1cos y y x y ''=++两边再一次关于x 求导,得()()()()2cos 1sin y y x y y x y '''''=+-++()()()()21cos sin 1cos y x y x y x y ''=+-+-+解得 ()sin x y +.x即()1ln 1dx y dy x =+,从而()11ln dy dx x y =+. 10、 计算由下列方程确定的函数()y f x =的微分dy :(1)22ln 1x xy y -=; (2)22y x x y x +=.解:(1)22ln 1x xy y-=,即22ln ln 1x y xy --=,两边求微分得故()0,1处切线方程:()1102y x -=-,即220x y -+=, ()0,1处的法线方程:()120y x -=--,即210x y +-=.12、 设函数()y y x =由方程1x yxy e+=-决定,求x dydx=;22x d y dx =.解:对方程1x y xy e +=-两边关于x 求导得()1x y y xy y e +''+=+,答:本题正确答案为C.(2)设函数()f x 在区间(),a b 内可导,是(),a b 内任意两点12,x x ,且12x x <,则至少存在一点ξ,使得下列等式成立( ).A .()()()()(),f b f a f b a a b ξξ'-=-∈;B .()()()()()111,f b f x f b x x b ξξ'-=-∈;C .()()()()()222,f x f a f x a a x ξξ'-=-∈;所以 ()()11n n n n nab a b a nb b a ---<-<-.16、 求证当1x ≥时,212arctan arccos 214x x x π-=+. 证明:令()212arctan arccos 214x f x x x π=--+,()()()2222221411121x x f x x x +-'=+++()2222222*********x x x x x -+=+⋅⋅≡+-+ ()1x >,()()sin cos 0f f ξξξξ'+=.18、 证明方程510x x +-=只有一个正根. 证明:令()51f x x x =+-,()f x 在[]0,1上连续,()010f =-<, ()110f =>,利用根的存在定理知,存在()0,1ξ∈,使()0fξ=,即ξ为510x x +-=的根,又()4410f x x '=+> ()0x >,()21ln xy x x x '=-, 由0y '=求得驻点0x e =,且{0,0,x e y x e<>'=><,所以0x e =是极大值点,极大值为()1ef e e =.(2) 1111xy x x'=-=++, 由0y '=得到()f x 的驻点为0 ()1x -<<∞,且{0,100,0x y x <-<<'=>>,所以()ln 1y x x =-+在0x =处取得极小值()00f =.由0y '=得驻点为34x =,导数不存在点1x =,边界点1x =,5x =-, ()55y -=-+()11y =,3544y ⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭,所以最大值为3544y ⎛⎫=⎪⎝⎭,最小值为()55y -=. (2) ()()()22222212111x x xx y x x +-⋅-'==++,()1,ln 2-和()1,ln2.(2) ()2arctan arctan 11xx y ee x ''==⋅+,()22arctan 1221x x y e x ⎛⎫-- ⎪⎝⎭''=⋅+,令0y ''=,得1x =, x →∞所以曲线只有水平渐近线0y =.(2)()321x y x =+有间断点1x =-,()321lim 1x x x →-=∞+,故1x =-是铅直渐近线,而()32lim1x x x →∞=∞+,无水平渐近线,但2()25451022t T t t t -=⋅=-,由1050dT t dt =-=,得唯一驻点2t =,由于2250d Tdt=-<,可见当2t =时,T 有极大值,这时也为最大值,此时政府税收总额最大.25、 过曲线上一点引一切线()10y x =-≥,设切线夹在两坐标轴间的部分长为l ,求使l 最小时,切点坐标及l 的最小值.解:设切点坐标为(,1a -,而切线斜率为()f a'=27、 求证从点()5,0A 与抛物线y 上点(),P x y 的连线最短者正是该抛物线的法线.解:点()5,0A 到抛物线上点()(,P x y P x =的距离的平方为()()225f x x =-+,先求()f x 的最小值.()()25129f x x x '=-+=-,(4)已知()f x 的一个原函数为ln x x ,则()x f x dx '⋅=⎰()112ln x C x-+ . (5)设()()sin sin f x x f x xdx '+=⋅⎰,则()f x =()ln 1sin x C -+ .(6)设()1f x x =-,则()f x dx =⎰2211,1211,12x x C x x x C x ⎧-++≥⎪⎨⎪-+-+<⎩ .2、 选择题(7)已知()cos sin f x x '=,则()cos f x =( C ). A .cos x C -+; B .cos x C +; C .()1sin cos 2x x x C ⋅-+; D .()1sin cos 2x x x C -⋅+.(8)()x df x '⋅=⎰( B ).A .()()x f x f x C ⋅-+;B .()()x f x f xC '⋅-+; C .()()x f x f x C ''⋅-+;D .()()x f x f x C '⋅-+.(19) (20)()71x x +; (21)22arctan 1x x dx x ⋅+⎰; (22)()2ln 1xdx x -⎰;(23); (24)1ln x e x dx x ⎛⎫+ ⎪⎝⎭⎰; (25); (26)()21xxe dx x +⎰;()2arctan cos x C =-+.(5)()()11141144444n n n n n nx x x dx dx dx x x x x x x -⎛⎫+-==- ⎪+++⎝⎭⎰⎰⎰11ln ln 444n x x C n=-⋅++. (6)2222sin cos sin 2cos 2sin cos 2sin cos dx dx x xdx x x x x x x+==⋅⋅⋅⎰⎰⎰sin 1x⎛⎫(9)2211sin 1sin 1sin 1sin cos x xdx dx dx x x x--==+-⎰⎰⎰ 2sec tan sec xdx x xdx =-⋅⎰⎰tan sec x x C =-+.(10)222222tan sin 2cos 2tan sin 2cos cos dx dx d xx x x x x x ==++⎛⎫+⋅ ⎪⎝⎭⎰⎰⎰C =+.535sin 3sin x x⋅⋅(14)sin d x =x C⎫=+⎪⎪⎭.(15)()211tan1tan1tan cossin22sin cos2tanxx x xdx dx dxx x x x+++==⋅⋅⎰⎰⎰∴2==⋅2arcsin t C=+C=.(19)令1x t= ∴a r c s i n t C =-=-+1a r c s i n C x =-+. (20)令7x t =,1x x-(23)令 arcsin ,sin x t x t ==,22cos csc sin cos t t dt t t dt t t=⋅⋅=⋅⋅⋅⎰⎰()()cot cot cot t d t t t t dt =-⋅=-⋅-⋅⎰⎰cot ln sin t t t C =-⋅++arcsin ln x x C =++.1x e C x=++. (27)()21arcsin arcsin 12xdx x d x =-⋅-⎰()3221arcsin 13x d x =-⋅-⎰()()33222211arcsin 13x x x ⎡⎤=--⋅--⎢⎥⎣⎦⎰222x x e e --=⋅+⎰,故 原式22x eC -=.(30)由于()()()()44222222111111111x x x x x x x x x x x x ++-++==--+-+-+ 22111111x x x x x =++---++, ()41x +11x ⎛⎫ ()()2311dt t t ++()24211C t t =-++++(221C =-+.4、填空题31x -1(3)设()()()211,01211,123x x f x x x ⎧+≤<⎪=⎨⎪-≤≤⎩ ,则()()0x g x f u du =⎰在区间()0,2内( D ).A .无界;B .递减;C .不连续;D .连续. (4)设()50s i n x tx d t tα=⎰,()()1sin 01x t x t dt β=+⎰,则当0x →时,()x α是()x β的( C ).A .高阶无穷小;B .低阶无穷小;C .同阶但不等价无穷小;D .等价无穷小.8、 计算 ①22limxx t t edt→⋅⎰; ②lim x .解:① 原式()022222limx x t x x e dt ex e→⋅=⋅⎰222limx x t x e dtx e →=⋅⎰()2222lim212x xx e ex →=⋅=+.解:(1)原式22ππ-=⎰22s i n x d xππ-=⎰sin sin xdx xdx =-⎰()()0332220222cos cos 33x x ππ-=-+(5)原式22001cos 1cos dx dx xx =+++⎰⎰()22021cos 1cos 2cos2d x x dx x xππ+=-+⎰⎰()222000tan ln 1cos tan 22x x x x dx πππ=⋅-+-⎰ 20ln 22ln cos22x ππ=++2π=. 20ln sin cos 424t t π=++=.(8)原式=⎰d x =2 0s i n c o sx x d xπ=-⎰42216⋅(11)原式411tan x dxπ⎛⎫=-⋅ ⎪+⎝⎭⎰44001t a n 1t a nx d xx x ππ-=+++⎰ 4c o s 8s i n c o sxdx x x ππ=-++⎰(5)222dxx x +∞-∞++⎰. 解:(1)4x =为瑕点,但其原函数()()1334F x x =--在4x =处连续,故原式()6132346x ⎡⎤=--=⎢⎥⎣⎦(2)原式1201111111341341dx dx x x x x ⎛⎫⎛⎫=-+- ⎪ ⎪----⎝⎭⎝⎭⎰⎰,11、求曲线2y x =,24x y =和直线2y x =,在2y x ≥内所围平面图形的面积.解:解联立方程组:224y x x y ⎧=⎪⎨⎪=⎩,242x y y x ⎧⎪=⎨⎪=⎩,22y x y x ⎧⎪=⎨=⎪⎩, 得交点 ()2,1A ,()8,16B ,()1,2C ,所以在0x =S 取得最小值,从而所求点23P ⎫⎪⎭,当00x <时,由对称性0x =,23P ⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭. 13、 求圆()222x b y a -+= ()0a b <<绕y 轴旋转一周所成旋转体的体积.273--A. 平行 B. 垂直 C. 直线在平面内 D. 直线与平面斜交解:{}{}2,7,3,4,2,2s n =--=--,81460s n ⋅=-+-= ,s n ∴⊥ .3、下列方程中,是旋转曲面的是( D ).A. 22222a a x y ⎛⎫⎛⎫-+= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭B. 22244x y z +-=C. 222149y z x ++= D. 22214y x z -+=6、求过点()1,0,4-且平行于平面34100x y z -+-=,又与直线13112x y z+-==相交的直线的方程.解:设所求直线1L 与已知直线2L 的交点为()1,3,2B k k k -++,又1L 过已知点。

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欢迎同学们考试内容第一章信息技术概述第二章计算机组成原理第三章计算机软件第四章计算机网络与因特网第五章数字媒体及应用第六章信息系统与数据库第七章 Windows2000的基本概念与操作第八章文字处理软件(Word)基本操作第九章电子表格处理软件(Excel)基本操作第十章演示文稿制作软件(Powerpoint)基本操作考试特点考察四基(基本概念、基本理论、基本计算、基本操作) 涉及内容广而深,允许考察课本外知识题量大、时间短100分满分,省平均分低于50应对策略1、不缺课2、理论部分听课、记笔记;操作部分,动手练、熟记操作;3、每一章的练习题举一反三学习完本课程同学们将:计算机基本原理扎实Office软件使用熟练会独自配计算机了会独自配置局域网转本分数至少在70分(从未缺过课)1、如何上网买书?2、如何让崩溃的计算机起死回生?3、如何选购正宗盒装CPU?第一章信息技术概述本章备考要点本章基本概念多,而且相互联系比较紧密,需要考生理解概念。

第一章信息技术概述1.1 计算机概述1.2 信息与信息技术1.3 微电子技术简介1.4 通信技术入门1.5 数字技术基础1.1 计算机的概述1.1.1 早期计算机1.1.2 现代计算机一、早期计算机1、手动计算工具公元前5世纪,中国人发明了算盘。

在计算过程中,算盘作为计算设备,珠算口诀是计算过程中的算法。

2、机械计算工具3、自动计算机1946年2月15日,标志现代计算机诞生的ENIAC(Electronic Numerical Integrator And Calculator)在美国宾夕法尼亚大学公诸于世。

从1946年第1台计算机诞生以来,电子计算机已经走过了半个多世纪的历程,根据计算机所采用的物理器件,一般将计算机的发展分为4个阶段(4代)。

第一代(1946-1957)电子管计算机硬件上:核心元件是电子管运算速度:几千次/秒,用于军事与科学研究。

10110000 00001111 :把15放入累加器A中00101100 00001010 :10与累加器A中的值相加,结果仍放入A中11110100:结束,停机汇编语言:用字符、符号编程。

如用ADD表示加法,用SUB表示减法等。

这样就能使它的每条指令都有明显的符号标识。

示例MOV A,15 :把15放入累加器A中ADD A,10 :10与累加器A中的值相加,结果仍放入A中HLT :结束,停机汇编语言的特点与机器语言程序相比,比较直观和易记忆但仍然和具体的计算机硬件密切相关,程序移植性差。

第二代(1957-1964)晶体管计算机核心元件晶体管,几十万次/秒,用于科学计算、数据和事务处理。

示例void main(){int x,y;scanf("%d",&x);if(x!=0)y=x*x-5;elsey=3*x+2;printf("x=%d,y=%d\n",x,y);}第三代(1964-1972)中小规模集成电路计算机核心元件中小规模集成电路;几十万至几百万次/秒;用于各个科学领域。

重点集成电路的概念:集成电路(Integrated Circuit,简称IC)是一种微型电子器件或部件。

采用一定的工艺,把一个电路中所需的晶体管、二极管、电阻、电容和电感等元件及布线互连一起,制作在一小块或几小块半导体晶片上,然后封装在一个管壳内,成为具有所需电路功能的微型结构;使电子元件向着微小型化、低功耗和高可靠性方面迈进了一大步。

集成电路的规模由单个芯片或单位面积中包含的基本电子元器件的个数确定。

集成电路的制作材料通常是:半导体材料硅(si)、锗、化合物半导体如砷化镓(GaAs)。

集成电路的特点:体积小、重量轻、可靠性高。

集成电路芯片是微电子技术的结晶,是计算机的核心。

集成电路的分类集成电路分类3.集成电路按其功能来分:可以分为模拟集成电路、数字集成电路两类。

4.按用途分为通用集成电路与专用集成电路。

微处理器和存储器芯片属于通用集成电路,而专用的集成电路是按某种应用的特定要求而专门设计、定制的(比如电子琴,照相机等)。

集成电路常见的封装形式有:单列直插式(SIP)、两边带插脚的双列直插式(DIP)、四边带插脚的阵列式(PGA)、扁平贴片式(QFP)等。

集成电路的发展趋势⏹真题再现1、下列()材料不是集成电路使用的半导体材料?A、硅B、铜C、锗D、砷化镓2.如果一个集成电路芯片包含20万个电子元件,则它属于()集成电路。

A、小规模B、中规模C、大规模D、超大规模⏹真题再现3.下列()不是集成电路的主要的晶体管结构?A.单极型集成电路B.双极型集成电路C. MOS型集成电路D.双极MOS型集成电路真题再现(4.判断)集成电路按用途可以分为通用集成电路与专用集成电路,存储器芯片属于通用集成电路。

()5.现在我们使用的计算机为集成电路计算机,其CPU的元件与存储均由集成电路实现。

这是______技术与______技术相结合的一大突破。

A、通信、计算机B、通信、微电子C、计算机、微电子D、光电子、计算机IC卡即集成电路卡。

它把集成电路芯片密封在塑料卡内部,使之成为能存储、处理和传递数据的载体。

二代身份证也是IC卡。

采用的是非易失性电子电路闪存数据,它不同于磁记录介质,不受一般的磁场、电场破坏。

分为:存储器卡、带加密逻辑的存储器卡、CPU卡(如手机上用的SIM卡)。

CPU卡集成了CPU、程序存储器和数据存储器,还配有操作系统。

按使用方式分为:接触式的(如电话卡)和非接触式的(射频卡,公交卡)。

第四代(1971至今)核心元件大规模和超大规模集成电路,在硅半导体上集成了1000~1000000个以上电子元器件。

上千万次至上亿次/秒;软件上:出现了面向对象程序设计语言。

(比如VB,C++)1983年12月完成“银河”巨型计算机1992年11月完成“银河Ⅱ”巨型计算机1997年完成“银河Ⅲ”巨型计算机2001年研制“龙芯一号”2005年4月完成“龙芯二号”方舟系列是目前国内性能最高的CPU产品(1)微型化(体积微型化)(2)巨型化(功能巨型化)(3)网络化(资源网络化)(4)智能化(5)多媒体化计算机的发展趋势---体积微型化20世纪70年代以来,由于大规模和超大规模集成电路的飞速发展,微处理器芯片连续更新换代,集成度越来越高,计算机的体积越来越小。

计算机的发展趋势---功能巨型化巨型化是指其高速运算、大存储容量和强功能的巨型计算机。

其运算能力一般在每秒百亿次以上、内存容量在几百兆字节以上。

巨型计算机主要用于尖端科学技术和军事国防系统的研究开发。

计算机的发展趋势---网络化网络化是指利用通信技术和计算机技术,把分布在不同地点的计算机互联起来,按照网络协议相互通信,以达到所有用户都可共享软件、硬件和数据资源的目的。

智能化就是要求计算机能模拟人的感觉和思维能力,其中最有代表性的领域是专家系统和机器人。

Blu-ray Disc,中文译为蓝光光盘,是DVD光盘的下一代光盘格式。

在人类对多媒体的品质要求日益严格的情况下,用以储存高画质的影音以及高容量的资料储存。

容量可高达:200GB展望未来,计算机的发展必然要经历很多新的突破。

计算机的应用1、科学计算:利用计算机来完成科学研究和工程技术中的数学问题。

主要应用在高能物理、工程设计、气象预报等。

特点:计算量大,数值变化范围广,要求计算机具有较强的数值数据表示能力以及很快的运算速度。

2.数据处理特点:主要是对大量数据进行统计分析、合并、分类、比较、检索、增删、判别等,而主要不是计算。

3.辅助技术计算机辅助设计CAD(computer aided design)计算机辅助制造CAM(computer aided manufacturing)计算机辅助教学CAI(computer aided instruction)计算机辅助测试CAT(computer aided test)4.人工智能(或智能模拟)人工智能(Artificial Intelligence简称AI)是计算机模拟人类的智能活动,譬如感知、推理、自主学习、问题求解和图像识别等。

例如,疾病诊断专家系统,故障诊断专家系统,智能机器人等等。

5.网络应用:“无机不在网,无网机难存”。

巨型机运算速度快,主要应用在大规模的数据处理和复杂的科学计算中。

大型机规模相对较小,多用于中等规模的数据处理。

小型机微机超级计算机(巨型机)曙光4000A超级服务器整机图中、小型计算机运算速度几千万次/秒,价值几万~几百万美元。

主要用于银行、航空公司、保险公司、邮购商店、高校和税收局等。

Microcomputers:微型计算机又称为“个人计算机” (PC机),可以放置在桌面上,或可以出行携带。

通常有:Desktop (台式机)Notebook(笔记本机)Personal digital assistant (PDA) (个人数字助理)计算机工作原理为:“存储程序,顺序(自动)控制”。

计算机工作的特点自动化程度高运算速度快计算精度高数据以二进制形式记忆力强具有逻辑判断能力可靠性高(集成电路技术)通用性强(数字技术)1.信息的定义(了解)信息的特点(了解)✓事实性✓相对性✓扩散性✓可存储✓可再生3.知识知识是经验的总和,来源于相关信息,信息经过被认知、记载、证明便形成了知识。

1.下列关于信息的说法错误的是()A:任何事物的存在,都伴随相应的信息存在。

B:信息可以通过空气、电磁波、光波传播。

C:信息经过被认知、记载、证明便形成了知识。

D:一条信息对所有人都是有用的。

2.下列关于数据的说法错误的是()A:数据可以是数值、文字、语言、图形、声音、视频等。

B:信息是数据的载体。

C:单看一个数据本身是没有意义的。

D:信息是对人有用的数据。

4.信息处理(重点)信息处理指的是与下列内容相关的行为和活动:信息的收集(如信息的感知、测量、获取、输入等)信息的加工(如信息的分类、计算、分析、转换等)信息的存储(如书写、摄影、录音、录像等)信息的传递(如邮寄、电报、电话等 )信息的施用(如控制、显示等)人工进行信息处理的过程人工信息处理的不足:算不快记不住传不远看(听)不清信息技术(InformationTechnology,IT):用来扩展人的器官、协助人们进行信息处理的一类技术。

基本信息技术包括:感测与识别技术(信息获取);通信与存储技术(信息传递);计算与智能技术(信息认知与再生);控制与显示技术(信息执行)。

真题再现1、用于扩展人的神经网络系统的信息技术是()A.感测与识别技术B.控制与显示技术C.计算处理技术D.通信与存储技术两点说明:1.计算机技术(包括计算机硬件和计算机软件等)是信息技术的核心技术。

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