高中英语虚拟语气详细讲解大全

高中英语虚拟语气详细讲解

虚拟语气

什么是虚拟语气？是的，我们要学习虚拟语气就必须先弄明白它的概念。

虚拟语气包含两种：一种指与事实相反或不可能发生。“虚拟条件句+虚拟主句”的结构都属于这一类；even if、even though、as if、as though引导的状语中如果需要用到虚拟语气也属于这一类；wish、would rather后面接的宾语从句表示不可能实现的愿望，还是属于这一类。

另一种指与事实实际是否发生没有直接关系。如和suggest、order、demand等表示建议、命令、要求等相关的名词性从句都属于这一类。

大家知道以上两类虚拟语气后，我们就从从句的角度来系统学习虚拟语气。紧跟小简老师的步伐哦！

一. 虚拟条件句中的虚拟语气

1、表示与现在事实相反的情况

从句：If+主语+did(be动词用were)

主句：主语+ should/would/might/could+do

If I were you,I would take an umbrella.

如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你）

If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you.

如果我知道他的，我就会告诉你。（事实：不知道）

If there were no air or water,there would be no living things on the earth.

如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。(事实：地球上既有空气也有水)

2、表示与过去事实相反的情况

从句：If+主语+had+done

主句：主语+should/would/might/could+have done

If I had got there earlier,I should/would have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。（事实：去晚了）

If he had taken my advice,he would not have made such a mistake.

如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。（事实：没有听我的话）

3、表示与将来事实相反的情况

从句：①if+主语+were to do

②if+主语+should+do

③if+主语+过去式（be动词用were）

主句：主语+should/would/might/could+do

If he should come here tomorrow,I would talk to him.

如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。（事实：不可能来）

If there were a heavy snow next Sunday,we would go skating.

如果下周日下大雪，我们就去滑冰。（事实：不可能下雪）

If she were to be here next Monday,I would tell her about the matter.

如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。（事实：不可能来）

注意事项：

①错综时间句：

即虚拟条件状语从句与虚拟主句中谓语动作的时间不一致。

If I had worked hard at school,I would be an engineer,too.

如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会成为一个工程师了。

If they had informed us,we would not come here now.

如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。

If he knew her,he would have greeted her that day.

如果他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。

②虚拟条件句中的省略：

当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were,should,had 时，if 可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即把were,should,had等词置于句首，这种多用于书面语。

Should he agree to go there,we would send him there.

要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去了。

Were she here,she would agree with us.

如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。

Had he learnt about computers,we would have hired him to work here.

如果他懂一些电脑知识的话，我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。

③用其它形式表达虚拟条件：

虚拟条件状语从句有时不表达出来，只暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或用其它方式表示出来。如without…，but for…（要不是...）等。

But for his help,we would be working now.

要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。

Without your instruction,I would not have made such great progress.

要是没有你的指导，我不会取得如此大的进步。

We didn't know his telephone number,otherwise we would have telephoned him.

我们不知道他的，否则我们就会给他打。

④在虚拟语气的从句中，动词be的过去时态一律用were，不用was。

If I were you,I would go to look for him.

如果我是你，就会去找他。

⑤在虚拟条件句中，should/would/might/could四个词只能用should；在虚拟主句中，主语只有是第一人称时，才能用should。

If I had got there earlier,I should/would have met her.

如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。