国贸专业英语课后答案2011版

国贸专业英语（第二版）课后习题答案II. 1.c 2.g 3.e 4.k 5.a 6.f 7.h 8.b 9.i10.o 11.L 12.m 13.p 14.q 15.nV. 1.Trading globally gives consumers and countries the opportunity to be exposed to goods and services not available in their own countries.2.International trade allows wealthy countries to use their resources-whether labor ,technology ,or capital-more efficiently.3.Multinational firms,as opposed to local ones ,undertake their business operations on a global basis.4.For recent years ,China has registered fast and sustained growth in foreign trade volumes.5.Give a globalized world market ,firms find themselves in fierce competition with domestic and foreign players.II. 1.b 2.d 3.q 4.a 5.g 6.e 7.c 8.m 9.h10.o 11.i 12.p 13.j 14.k 15.rV. 1.The import policy is directed at the acquisition of capital goods that embody the modern technology needed to develop China’s economy.2.Many economist argue that free trade will enhance the economic growth and increase the living standard.3.International trade continues to be dominated by advanced industrialized countries the trade volume of which accounts for over half of the world’s total.4.Since the implementation of reforms and opening up policy ,especially after its accession to the WTO ,China has achieved remarkable growth in foreign trade.5.Economists have been engaged in the research on the theoretical and practical issues arising from the expansion of international business.8.i 9.j10.c 11.n 12.m 13.d 14.l 15.fV. 1.After the Second World War ,there emerged various forms of cross business activities such as trade in goods and services,foreign direct investment and technology transfer ,etc.2.In the absence of exchange reserves or credit ,or the possiblisity of negotiating another type of agreement ,the only alternative is barter.3.Before entering into a licensing agreement ,the licensor should have a thorough knowledge of the laws and regulations concerning the intellectual property rights in the licensee’s country.4.Increasingly ,firms are obtaining more profits by introducing products in foreign and their domestic markets as they move toward greater globalization of their operations.5.There is no question that high returns on overseas investments are a major motivefor multinational companies to engage in foreign direct investment.6.g7.d8.k9.n10.p 11.m 12.o 13.e 14.c 15.qV. 1.Chrysler auto company should declare bankruptcy rather than ask the government for help.2.The project is the key to the factory for its survival and development.3.The agreement can be considered by America a vote of confidence for Russia's economy.4.The surgeon of emergency room was so busy that he had only time to bolt downa sandwich.5.More specifically,they questioned whether the United States really exported capital-intensive items in exchange for laber-intensive products.IV. 1.b 2.q 3.h 4.a 5.i 6.c 7.j 8.k 9.f10.l 11.p 12.m 13.n 14.d 15.eV. 1.For many years there has been an agreement among nations against imposing quotas unilaterally on goods.2.A projective tarrif is intended to artificially inflate prices of imports and “project”domestic industries from foreign competition.ernment procurement policies are also trade barriers because they usually favor domestic manufactures and severely restrict purchases of imported goods gy government agencies.4.Free trade is an economic concept referring to the selling of products between countries without tariffs or other trade barries.5.Customs and other administrative formalities involve a variety of government policities and procedures that either discriminate against imports or favor exports.IV. 1.f 2.a 3.m 4.b 5.g 6.d 7.e 8.i 9.n10.j 11.h 12.k 13.c 14.i 15.oV. 1.Environmentalists argue that if issues such as global warming and protection of the rain forests are not brought into the equation , commercial goals will win out and environment will suffer.2.Unconditional MFN status came in 2000 ,paying the way for WTO membership.3.To the dismay of the US ,the panel decided that Japan had not violated WTO rules ,as there had been no connection between government action and Japan’s market sructure.4.All countries enjiy a recognized right to safeguard national interests ,but this principle ,as well as the interpretation of WTO rules themselves ,is subject to considerable latitude in interpretation.5.A country found to be in breach of trade rules by a panel may appeal to theAppellate Body.5. d6. e7. n.8.a9.l 10. o 11.i 12.c 13.k 14 p 15.m1.Low- income countries generaly did not want to add new topics ,and this conference just reached an agreement for estalishing a working group to take on these issues.2. They formed an alliance in Cancun,the alliance took the fight to the Axis powers in Europe and America for the first time.3. To the chagrin of high-income coutries , India ,China ,Cuba,Pakistan and Zimbabwe try to link these issues with the obligations of rather than rights of foreign invenstors.4. Environmental provisions allow a country to restrict imports from other countries without a clear environmental standards,then in this regard,the environmental provisions are in as much as the labor provisions.5. In Cancun, the EU is in the face of strong opposition from G22 , a new alliance of low-income countries, for EU's proposal of cancellation of the terms of investment and competition.1 .c2 g3 o4 f5 b6 k7 e8 i9 l 10 d 11 a 12 h 13 j 14 p 15 n1 The buyer will assume all costs and risks and make arrangements associated with the transport of the goods,and must make payment according to the contract terms.2 If ther modes of transport are involved ,these terms do not apply,even if one of the legs of the journey is by ship.3 In a CFR contract , ,the sellers has the usual FOB obligations,and after the vessel is loaded the seller is absolved from liability for damage to the cargo.4 The seller’s responsibility for costs and risks of loss will end when the rail car or truck trailer is loaded , or in the case of sea or air transport,when the goods are delivered to the carrier for loading.5 Normally the buyer will make arrangements for further transportation , though the contract might specify that the seller will make such arrangements.9 h 10 c 11 n 12 k 13 m 14 l 15 o1 It would be impractical to attempt to acknowledge individually those many who have given us aid and advice.2 National currencies always have advantage over private currencies3 The factory was shut down for lack of funds.4 It’s management that’s at fault rather than the workforce.5 Such behavior may result in the executive being asked to leave.6 g7 a8 c9 e 10i 11 b 12 k 13 n 14 o 15l1 The company may prefer to submit quotes in the form of a pro-forma invoice ease of administration as the pro-forma details can be simplytransferred to a commercial invoice when the order is placed.2 Once the quotation has been submitted to the buyer ,the exporter is committed to fulling all the terms contained within the documen t should an order be placed on the strength of it.3 The buyer ,understandably, pointed out that the contract had been agreed and that the exporter was bound to its terms.4 Difficulities may arise when the purchasing company also includes its standard terms and conditions and tries to the gain the upper hand.5.The exporter is advised to prepare some standard terms and conditions of sale that can be in corporated into the documentation in addition to the specific terms of the contract.1.i2.g3.f4.o5.h6.e7.d8.b9.m 10.a 11.k 12.n 13.c 1.The letter of credit is the bank instrument that assures the seller of payment if he makes the agreed upon shipment.2.Payment shall be available by draft drawn under L/C payable not longer than 90 days after presentation of documents to the negotiating bank of the L/C, together with an interest of 8.5% per annum for buyer’s account.3.Payment by a prime banker’s irrevocable, transferable L/C, confirmed by a first-class bank in the key currency country, covering full value of the contracted goods, in favor of seller, available by draft at sight for 100% invoice value, accompanied with the following documents.4.We have today instructed our bank to open in your favor a confirmed, irrevocable letter of credit with partial shipment and transshipment allowed, available by draft at sight, against surrendering the full set of shipping documents to the negotiating bank.5.This method is for the seller to draw on the buyer for the purchase price on D/P basis.6.The importer, when he wants to open an L/C to cover the purchase from abroad, may apply to his banker for a letter of credit for any amount.7.Your order No.123 was confirmed by our fax of March 15, subject to arrival of credit within 15 days from the date.4.p5.l6.e7.o8.nb 10.c 11.h 12.d 13.a 14.m 15.k1.The Brown Bank in London in a position to open letters of credit in Renminbi against our sales confirmation or contract.You must be aware that an irrevocable L/C gives the exporter the additional protection of banker's guarantee.Adocumentary credit is a letter issued by a bank at the request of the seller whereby the bank promises to pay a beneficiary against presentation of documents relating to the dispatch of goods.The documentary requirements are designated by the in his bank application for the letter of credit.We have drawn on you at 60 days' sight a draft for $90,000, under the credit No.450 of June 6, in favor of the Tokyo Bank.The expiry date of the credit being May 31, we request that you will arrange with your banker to extend it up to June 10, amending the said credit.After the bank pays the sight draft presented by the seller, it advises the buyer that the documents have been successfully negotiated and the buyer should pay the bank in accordance with his bank application.1.d2.j3.i4.l5. p6.e7.g8. o9.m 10.k 11.c 12 a 13.h 14.b 15.f1. Although freight forwarders charge for their services ,they do at least have well-established internatioanal distribution networks that can be utilized cost-effectively, efficiently and with minimum involement from the improter or exporter.2.There are many numbers of ways in which business can see their profitablity eroded by lost or damaged gooods.panies make use of insurance brokers to insure the shipment during transport and customs brokers to chear the goods through customs onarrial.4.The deposit was refunded on leaving the country provieing that it could be proven that the nature and value of the consignment remained unchanged.5.It is within the forwarder’s remit to ensure that the goods are properly packed and maked for transport and that appropriate documentation is prepared to facilitate shipment.。