专业英语部分习题答案参考
专业英语(城市轨道)【习题带答案】
专业英语（城市轨道）习题一、单项选择题1. My mother brought ____________last week. (A)A. me a shirtB. a shirt meC. me shirt D ought to2. ____________I was born, my mother had my elder brother. (B)A. WhenB. BeforeC. After D we go3. 236 is ____________. (A)A. two hundred and thirty-sixB. two hundreds and thirty-sixC. two hundred thirty-six D) It was the 1960’s4. If you____________hard, you ____________the exam. (C)A. will work, will passB. work, passC. work, will pass D will work ,pass5. ____________be afraid of making mistakes! (A)A. Don’tB. Can’tC. Mustn’t D mayn’t6. If you want ________ you have to get the fund somewhere.(B)A) that the job is done B) the job done C) to have done the job D) the job that is don7. There is more land in Australia than the government knows ________.(A)A) what to do with B) how to do C) to do with it D) to do it8. It’s no use ________ me not to worry.(B)A) you tell B) your telling C) for you to have told D) having told9. I have two boys but ________ of them likes sweets.(B)A) both B) neither C) either D) none10. Only by shouting at the top of his voice ________.(D)A) was he able to make himself hear B) he was able to make himself hearC) he was able to make himself heard D) was he able to make himself heard11. ________ such a good chance, he planned to learn more.(B)A) To be given B) Having been given C) Having given D) Giving12. If it ________ too much tro uble, I’d love a cup of tea.(A)A) isn’t B) wasn’t C) weren’t D) hadn’t been13. My sister’s professor had her ________ her paper many times before allowing her to present it to the committee.(C)A) rewritten B) to rewrite C) rewrite D) rewriting14. silver is the best conductor of electricity, copper ________ it closely.(B)A) followed B) following C) to follow D) being followed15. They are considering ________ before the prices go up.(D)A) of buying the house B) with buying the houseC) buying the house D) to buy the house16. She was glad that her success would ________ for the women who would follow.(A)A) make things easier B) make it easier C) be easier D) be easier to make17. They will have it finished in ________.(D)A) three quarter of an hour time B) three quarters of an hour timeC) three quarter of an hour’s time D) three quarters of an hour’s time18. A Dream of the Red Chamber is said ________ into dozens of languages in the last decade.(C)A) to have been translated B) to translateC) to be translated D) to have translated19. He went ahead ________ all warnings about the danger of his mission.(C)A) in case of B) because of C) regardless of D) prior to20. We object ________ puni shing a whole group for one person’s fault.(C)A) against B) about C) to D) or21. Jack is good, kind, hard-working and intelligent; ________; I can’t speak too highly of him.(B)A) as a result B) in a word C) by the way D) on the contrary22. The man to whom we handed the forms pointed out that they had not been ________ filled in.(D)A) consequently B) regularly C) comprehensively D) properly23. I shall have companion in the house after all these ________ years.(D)A) single B) sole C) alone D) lonely24. After a long and exhausting journey, they arrived ________.(B)A) till the last B) at last C) by the end D) at the end25. None of the servants were ________ when Mr. Smith wanted to send a message.(A)A) available B) attainable C) approachable D) applicable26. I can’t ________ what that object is.(C)A) make up B) make over C) make out D) make for27. I want to buy a new tie to ________ this brown suit.(C)A) go into B) go after C) go with D) go by28. The newest satellite can ________ a thousand telephone conversations and a color TV program at the same time.(A)A) carry B) extend C) bring D) take29. I can ________ some noise while I’m studying, but I can’t stand loud nois es.(C)A) come up with B) catch up with C) put up with D) keep up with30. When the whole area was ________ by the flood, the government sent food there by helicopter.(D)A) cut away B) cut down C) cut up D) cut off31. The bridge was named ________ the hero who gave his life for the cause of the people.(A)A) after B) with C) by D) from32. There were no tickets ________ for Friday’s performance.(D)A) preferable B) considerable C) possible D) available33. It wasn’t su ch a good dinner ________ she had promised us.(C)A) that B) which C) as D) what34. They decided to chase the cow away ________ it did more damage.(C)A) unless B) until C) before D) although35. ________ student with a little common sense should be able to answer the question.(B)A) Each B) Any C) Either D) One36. All ________ is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life.(D)A) what is needed B) for our needs C) the thing needed D) that is needed37. ________ with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all.(A)A) When compared B) Compare C) While comparing D) Comparing38. ________ she first heard of the man referred to as a specialist.(C)A) That was from Stephen B) It was Stephen whomC) It was from Stephen that D) It was Stephen that39. If these shoes are too big, ask the clerk to bring you a smaller ________.(D)A) suit B) set C) one D) pair40. Many new ________ will be opened up in the future for those with a university education.(A)A) opportunities B) necessities C) realities D) probabilities41. He must have had an accident, or he ________ then.(A)A) would have been here B) had to be hereC) should be here D) would be here42. It was essential that the application forms ________ back before the deadline.(C)A) must be sent B) would be sent C) be sent D) were sent43. We ________ our breakfast when an old man came to the door.(D)A) just have had B) have just had C) just had D) had just had44. The rain was heavy and ________ the land was flooded.(A)A) consequently B) continuously C) constantly D) consistently45. The children went there to watch the iron tower ________.(C)A) to erect B) be erected C) erecting D) being erected46. The engine ________ smoke and steam.(D)A) gives up B) gives in C) gives away D) gives off47. The manager promised to keep me ________ of how our business was going on.(C)A) to be informed B) on informing C) informed D) informing48. Don’t ________ this news to the public until we give you the go-ahead.(A)A) release B) relieve C) relate D) retain49. She never laughed, ________ lost her temper.(B)A) or she ever did B) nor did she ever C) or did she ever D) nor she ever did50. The goals ________ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.(B)A) after which B) for which C) with which D) at which51. I should like to rent a house, modern, comfortable and ________ in a quiet neighborhood.(B)A) all in all B) above all C) after all D) over all52. ________ we have finished the course, we shall start doing more revision work.(B)A) For now B) Now that C) Ever since D) By now53. What you have d one is ________ the doctor’s orders.(D)A) attached to B) responsible to C) resistant to D) contrary to54. John regretted ________ to the meeting last week.(A)A) not going B) not to go C) not having been going D) not to be going55. They ________ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.(C)A) carried out B) carried off C) carried on D) carried forward56. Mrs. Brown is supposed ________ for Italy last week.(A)A) to have left B) to be leaving C) to leave D) to have been left57. My camera can be ________ to take pictures in cloudy or sunny conditions.(B)A) treated B) adjusted C) adopted D) remedied58. A new technique ________, the yields as a whole increased by 20 per cent.(C)A) wording out B) having worded outC) having been worded out D) to have been worded out59. Children who are over-protected by their parents may become ________.(C)A) hurt B) damaged C) spoiled D) harmed60. When Mr. Jones gets old, he will ________ over his business to his son.(B)A) take B) hand C) think D) get61.Mary couldn’t make herself _______ attention to because her classmates made so much noise. （A）A. paidB. to payC. payD. paying62.Was it through Mary , ____ was working at a high school , _____ you get to know Tom ? （C）A. who, whoB. that, whichC. who, thatD. who, which63.Every minute is made full use of _______ our lessons. （B）A. studyingB. to studyC. studyD. being studied64.I agree with most of what you said, but I don't agree with _____.（A）A. everythingB. anythingC. somethingD. nothing65. —Would you like _______ , sir? —No, thanks. I have had much. （C）A．some more oranges B．any more oranges C．some more orange D．any more orange66.He suggested the person referred _______ put into prison.（C）A. isB. beC. to beD. should be67.—Well. I do think the rabbit is a beautiful, gentle animal which can run very fast. —_____________. （A）A．So it is B．So is it C．So does it D．So it does68.“Is there _____ here?” “No, Bob and Tim have asked for leave.”（B）A. anybodyB. everybodyC. somebodyD. nobody69.“I think the teacher is wrong, _____?” “No, I don't think so.”（A）A. don't youB. don't IC. doesn't heD. doesn't she70.Don't you know _____, my dear friend, it is you that she loves? （C）A. whoB. whichC. thatD. what71. He transplanted the little tree to the garden _____ it was the best time for it. （B）A. whereB. whenC. thatD. until72.If the weather is fine, we'll go. If _____, _____.（A）A. not, notB. no, noC. not, noD. no, not73.--- Mum, why do you always make me eat an egg every day ? （C）--- ____ enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up.A. GetB. GettingC. To getD. To be getting74.She's too thin. She ____ gain some weight but she _____ too little.（C）A. would, ateB. will, eatsC. would, eatsD. will, ate75. — What should I do with this passage? —_____ the main idea of each paragraph.（C）A. Finding outB. Found outC. Find outD. To find out76.She can't help _____ the house because she's busy making a cake. （A）A. to cleanB. cleaningC. cleanedD. being cleaned77. The prize of the game show is ＄30,000 and an all expenses __________ vacation to China. （B）A. payingB. paidC. to be paidD. being paid78.I'm examining the composition he has just finished ____ the possible mistakes in it. （B）A. correctingB. to correctC. correctedD. correct79.He ________ more than 5,000 English words when he entered the university at the age of 15. （D）A. has learnedB. would have learnedC. learnedD. had learned80.The judge paid no attention to _____ he had just lost his wife.（B）A. thatB. whichC. whatD. the fact that81. ____ a broken chair , the room is empty. （B）A. ExceptB. Except forC. Except thatD. Besides82. — What should I do with this passage? —_____ the main idea of each paragraph. （C）A. Finding outB. Found outC. Find outD. To find out83.The wonderful time they had been looking forward ____ at last. (B)A. to arriveB. to arrivedC. to arrivingD. should arrive84. --- What do you think made Mary so upset ? (C) --- ____ her new bicycle.A. As she lostB. LostC. LosingD. Because of losing.85.He wrote a lot of novels, none of _____ translated into a foreign language. （A）A. themB. which C . it D. what86.Mr. Smith is a painter, _____ I should also like to be.（B）A. thatB. whichC. whoD. it87. As soon as he comes back, I’ll te ll him when _______ and see him. （A）A. you will comeB. will you comeC. you comeD. do you come88..I agree with most of what you said, but I don't agree with ____. （A）A. everythingB. anythingC. somethingD. nothing89.After ____ seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile.（C）A. whichB. itC. whatD.that90.He was so angry at all _____ she was doing _____ he walked out. （B）A. what, thatB. that, thatC. that, whichD. what, as二、多选题(B.D) 1. In this factory, ________often have to wait for months before they are fully _____.A. admittedB. suggestionsC.absorbedD.considered(B.C) 2. The boy ________ out of the room and headed for the swimming pool without his parents' _____.A. commandB. slippedC. consentD. compromise(A.B) 3.Our_____ has focused on a drug which is so _____ as to be able to change brain chemistry.A. powerfulB. research lC. monstrousD. vigorous(B.D) 4. The lost car of the Lees was found _____ 、_____the woods off the highway.A. vanishedB. abandonedC. scatteredD. in(B.C) 5. Henry's news report _____ the conference was so _____ that nothing had been omitted.A. understandingB. covering C .comprehensive D. understandable(A.D) 6. She was _____that unless the train speeded up she would lose her _____ to Scotland.A. afraidB. placeC. seatD. connection(B.C) 7. The ship was _____ in a storm _____ Jamaica.A. drownedB. offC. wreckedD. submitted(B.D) 8. No one has _____ been able to trace the _____ of the poem.A. stillB. yetC. alreadyD. author(A.B) 9. _____than one-third of the Chinese in the United States live in California, _____ in San Francisco.A. MoreB. predominantly C practically D. permanently(A.C)10. The new secretary has written a remarkably _____ report only in a few pages but _____all the details. A. concise B. clear C. with D. elaborate(C.D)11. The managing director took the _____ for the accident, _____it was not really his fault.A. guiltB. chargeC. blameD. although(C.D)12. The worker agreed to _____ 、________the strike if the company would satisfy their .A. call forB. call forthC. call offD. demands(B.D)13. I could just see a car in the ________, but I couldn't _____ what color it was.A. look outB. make outC. get acrossD. distance(A.D)14. He ha ________his employers considerably and _____ he is soon to be promoted.A. impressedB. yetC. finallyD. accordingly(B.D)15. It was a great _____ for him to be ________to people he didn't like.A. attemptB. pleasantC. powerD. effort(A.D)16. The firemen managed to _____ the fire ________time.A. extinguishB. preventC. suppressD. in(A.B)17. What is most ________in this book are all those details of daily living which make Mrs. Richard _____ common.A. obviousB. anything butC. above allD. rather than(C.D)18. The car was completely _____ and the driver seriously ________.A. broken offB. taken offC. written offD. injured(B.D)19. On this happy occasion, I'd like to say that we are _____ much ________ to you for your kind cooperation.A. even soB. ever soC. as yetD. obliged(B.D)20. His new appointment takes _____ from the of next month.A. placeB. effectC. postD. obliged、(B.C)21. The policeman stopped him ________he was driving home and _____ him of speeding.A. chargedB. accusedC. whenD. deprived(B.D)22. Mr. Smith gradually _____ a knowledge of the ________.A. attainedB. subjectC. requiredD. acquired(A.D) 23. This is the _____ piano on which the ________created some of his greatest works.A. actualB. genuineC. realD. composer(C.D)24. My camera can be _____ to take pictures in cloudy or sunny ________.A. treatedB. adoptedC. adjustedD. conditions(B.D)25. According to the psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud, wisdom comes from the _____ of ________.A. fulfillmentB. achievementC. establishmentD. maturity（ABCD）26. CAMEL Rating System includes：A、Capital adequacyB、Asset qualityC、Management abilityD、Earning performance（ABCD）27. What are the several steps of Savings deposits?A, open an account B、deposit money C、withdraw money D、Account Closing（ABCD ）28. Bank's internal audit departments periodically review the rating system and its banking operations, the prosecution trial included____.A、Operation of the credit sector.B、Probability of default.C、LGD(loss given default).D、Default risk exposure.（BC）29. The typical measures of internal control included:A. risk identifiedB. behavior controlC. assessment and authorizationD. Information Exchange( BCD )30 The followings can be classified as off-balance sheet business are:A. DepositsB. Trust ConsultingC.L/CD. Agency(ABC)31. The Basel Capital Accord (Basel I) is made up of three elements, they are:A. a definition of regulatory capitalB. risk-weighted assetsC. credit conversion factors (CCFs)D. internal control and audit(ABCD)32. The risk exposure and assessment disclosures relate toA. credit riskB. market riskC. operational riskD. interest rate risk in the banking book（ABCD）33. Strong mobility management, including key factors：A. Good management information systemB. Control of the Central LiquidityC. Options of the net funding requirementsD. Diversification of financing sources, and contingency plans(ABCD)34. Which of the followings are the products of corporate debtsA .revolving liquidity loan B. trade financing loanC. corporate account overdraftD. syndicated loan（AD）35. The methods of issuing financial bonds include:A. through market distributionB. through agreementC. through lead commercial bank underwritingD. through directional distribution(BCD)36. The main causes that would lead to internal control failure includeA、poor external supervision and regulation;B、lack of internal supervision;C、disordered control structure;D、neglecting the risks of new business.（ABD）37. Which three major risks of the following are the Chinese banking institute facing at present time? (multiple choices)A. credit riskB. market riskC. legal riskD. operation risk（AB）38. Quantitative and consolidated supervision concludesA. the supervision of inside transactionB. capital supervisionC. the supervision of interest conflictsD. the supervision of financial safety nets free-rider(BCD)39. Component Risk Assessment contains:A. reportB. Inherent RiskC. Risk ControlD. Risk in Future(ABC)40. What are the approaches for measuring the operation risk proposed by the Basel II:A. Basic indicator approachB. Standardized approachC. Advanced measurement approachD. Internal Rating Approach（A B C）41. Loan guarantees includesA、Mortgage；B、Pledge；C、guarantee；D、letter of comfort（ABCD）42. Which kind of loan below belongs to the category of corporate loans?A、Working Capital Circular LoansB、Trade Financing loansC、Corporate Account OverdraftD、Syndicated Loans三．判断题1、American food is tasteless and innutritious.（Ｘ）2、Hatred is the very feeling the author has about what science has done to food. （Ｘ）3、Old-fashioned cheeses can no longer be bought anywhere in the United States. （Ｘ）4、What the author calls “cheeses foods” used to be hand-made in small factories. （Ｘ）5、The author says it is a scientific discovery that the largest number of people will buy a less-tasty cheese if that is all they can get. （Ｘ）6、The author thinks it wrong to cut costs by mass-producing “standardized” cheese.(√)7、Men are not snobbish almost about everything. （Ｘ）8、There is no snobbery about any disfiguring or mortal disease. （Ｘ）9、Keats died young of tuberclosis. (√)10、It is clear that all snobberies are mentioned in this essay. （Ｘ）11、Literary men have no desire to seek publicity. （Ｘ）12、The author finds the present level of taxation justifiable（Ｘ）13、Modern men also have primitive impulse. (√)14、The love of power is not always a bad motive. (√)15、The author hates frozen foods in spite of their seeming advantages. (√)16、The capital ratios expected to be maintained by all banks are 4% for Tier 1 and 8% for Total capital. （Ｘ）17、In all G-10 countries, the minimum ratios for Tier 1 and Total capital are 6% and 10%, respectively. （Ｘ）18、The Basel I minimum Tier 1 and Tier 2 capital ratios are each 4%. （Ｘ）19、The Basel I minimum Tier 1 ratio is 4% and the minimum Total capital ratio is 8%. (√)20、According to the corporation law, the company structure includes the shareholders, the board of directors and the supervisory board. （Ｘ）21、 A general definition of Related-party transactions is transactions between banks and related parties, especially loan business. (√)22、Operating profit、Total profit and net profit are three different indicators of profit (√)23、Generally loans are classified as Standard, Special mention, Substandard, Doubtful。
电气工程及其自动化专业英语答案
第一章⚫Section1习题答案一.Choose the best answer into the blank1.B2.D3.C4.A5.B二.Answer the following questions according to the text1.No. The current need not be a constant-valued function because charge can vary with2.Time.2.The current increases when the time rate of charges is greater.3.The uab=-1V can be interpreted in two ways:①point b is 1 V higher than point a;②the Potential at point a with respect to point b is -1V.4.w=∫pdt5.Because by the passive sign convention,current enters through the positive polarity ofThe voltage,p=ui>0 implies that the element is absorbing power and p=ui<0 impliesThat the element is releasing or supplying power.⚫Section2习题答案一.Choose the best answer into the blank1.B2.A3.B4.C5.B二.Answer the following questions according to the text1.The difference between an independent source and a dependent source is: the source2.Quantity of a dependent source is controlled by another voltage or current,but the source Quantity of an independent source maintains a specified value.3.An ideal independent source is an active element that provides a specified voltage or4.Current that is completely independent of other circuit variables.3.No.The current through an independent voltage source can be calculated by the4.External circuit.4.A voltage-controlled voltage source(VCVS),A current-controlled voltage source (CCVS),A voltage-controlled current source (VCCS), A current-controlled current source (CCCS)5.No,it isn’t.三.Translate the following into Chinese（译文）在随后内容中提及的所有简单电路元件，根据通过它的电流和其两端电压之间的关系进行分类。
计算机专业英语教程（第四版）习题答案
计算机专业英语教程（第四版）习题答案计算机专业英语教程(第四版)习题答案计算机专业英语（第四版）课后习题答案Unit 1 [Ex 1] Fb5E2RGbCAP [Ex 2] 1. input, storage, processing, and output 2. power; speed; 1. F 2. T 3. T 4. F 5. T 6. T 7. T 8. T 9. T 10.memoryp1EanqFDPw 3. central processing unit memoryDXDiTa9E3d 5. keyboard; [Ex 3] B. A. central processing unit; 1. F 2. D 2. monitor 3. G 4. C 5. B main memory; 6. A 7. E monitorRTCrpUDGiT 8. H5PCzVD7HxA 4. internal; primary;1. user3. data4. keyboard5. data processingjLBHrnAILg6. information [Ex 4] instructions7. computer8. memory 3. manipulates 4.1. input device2. screen, screen 5. retrievexHAQX74J0X 8. Function6. code7. hard copy[Ex. 5] 新处理器开始IT 技术的新时代New Processors Open New Era of IT Technologies Last week, Intel introduced to the public in Russia and other CIS countries a family of processors Intel Xeon E5-2600. They are more powerful and reliable and, importantly, are very economical in terms of energy consumption. Their1 / 30presence opens a new era in the field of IT technologies and means that the cloud technology is getting closer.LDAYtRyKfEThese processors are primarily designed for servers, data centers (DPC) and supercomputers. The emergence of this class of devices is not accidental. According to the regional director of Intel in Russia and other CIS states Dmitri Konash who spoke at the event, the market of IT-technology is developing so rapidly that, according to forecasts, by 2015 there will be 15 billion devices connected to the Internet, and over 3 billion of active users.Zzz6ZB2Ltk 上周，英特尔公司向俄罗斯和其它独联体国家的公众推出了英特尔Xeon E5-2600 系列处理器，它们更加强大可靠，尤其是在能量消耗方面更加经济实惠。
《计算机专业英语》习题参考答案
《计算机专业英语》习题参考答案Lesson 1I.1. Operating System2. Fetch-evaluate-execute3. Front-side bus4. Dual-core processor5. Basic Input/Output System(BIOS)II.1. 指令是特定各式的二进制数列，它们对于每台机器都是唯一的。
2. CPU是中央处理单元的简称，每个字母分开发音。
3. 大多数计算在中央处理器中进行。
4. 双核是指一个处理器上有两个完整运算内核的CPU。
5. 处理器：是微处理器或CPU的缩写。
6. 集成电路：即芯片，是由半导体材料制成的一种电子设备。
III.1. F2. T3. TIV.1.ALU, CU, Register2.memory3.processor4.the CPULesson 2I.1.Static Random Access Memory(SRAM)2.Dynamic Random Access Memory(DRAM)3.Virtual Memory4.Physical Memory5.Level 1 Cache6.Level 2 Cache7.HDD access speedII.1.动态随机存储器之所以称为“动态”是因为它每秒钟被刷新数千次。
2.RAM：是计算机中存储操作系统、应用程序和当前正是用数据的地方。
3.ROM由计算机中一小块长寿命电池供电。
4.RAM缓存是由高速静态随机存储器构成的存储器。
III.1. F2. F3. F4. TIV.1. non-volatile2. compiler3. volatile4. DRAMLesson 3I.1. Motherboard2. PC Case3. Hard Disk Drive(HDD)4. Optical mouse5. RAM6. Mobile DiskII.1.PC是有很多组件构成的一个系统。
计算机专业英语习题+答案
习题+答案2.1Write T or F to each statementT6. An asynchronous device is a clocked device.T7. A latch is an asynchronous device, because it functions at arbitrary times.T8. The repetition of clock pulse can vary from very low rate to very high rate.T9. A synchronous device changes its state only on the arrival of a clock pulse.F10. A clock input may occur at any time.T11. The clock pulses are used to synchronize all operations of the shift register.T13. A unidirectional shift register is capable of shifting in one direction only.F14. In a shift-left register the serial input determines what goes into the leftmost position during the shift register.F15. To provide parallel transfer capability some additional input and output lines should be provided to the shift register.Choose the best answer for each of the following1. How can the output of a logic gate be energized?CA By changing its inputs.B By remaining its inputs unchanged.C By meeting the specific input condition.D By giving a pulse.3. A NAND gate consists of D .A an OR gate followed by an inverterB an AND gate followed by an inverterC an AND gate followed by an OR gateD an inverter followed by an AND gate4. Under what condition is the output of a two-input XOR gate logic-high?BA Its inputs are simultaneously at the same logic level.B Its inputs are simultaneously at opposite logic levels.C Its inputs are logic-low.D its inputs are simultaneously logic-high.2.2Write T or F for each statementT 1. The CPU uses the input and output units to communicate with the outside world.F2. Main memory is sometimes called external memory.F3. After execution the program and the related files of data and files of information will be retained in the main memory for later use.F4. Personal computers have not the features of the larger system..T5. Large systems offer higher processing speeds for user and return more data than PCs. F6. CPUs all size have primary storage, arithmetic logic, and the control section.F7. The output device is the heart of any computer system.T8. The input/output devices and auxiliary storage units of a computer system are called peripherals.F9. The instrument of interpretation and communication between humans and computers system of all sizes is CPU.F10 Special purpose computers can adapted to many situation by giving them an appropriate program.F11 .A minicomputer is the smallest and least expensive type of computer.T12. A special purpose computer performs only one specific task and thus lacks versatility. T13. The larger the system the greater is its processing speed, storage capacity.T14. Mainframe computers are designed to process complex scientific application.T 9. The main memory in a general-purpose computer is made up of RAM integratedcircuit chip.\F 10. When the power is turned on, the program counter is set the first address of thebootstrap loader by the software of the computer.T 11. The read-write heads contact the surface of the floppy disks.T 12. The data on a particular track will be switched automatically onto a spare track by the computer before a catastrophic failure would occur.F 14. The read write heads stay on the same track continuously when the disk drive isWorkingF 16. The possible symbols in the binary numbering system are q to 9.F 17. The decimal value of 16 is represented in 4 bits BCD as 00010101.F 18. Alphanumeric versions of BCD commonly use 6,7or 8 bits to represent characters.F 19. A 6 bit alphanumeric code can represent 128 different characters.F 22. Eight bit codes are limited to representing 128 different characters.T23. An extra check (or parity ) bit is often added to each 6, 7, or 8 bit character represented in storage so that it will be possible to detect coding errors that may occur.T24. If a computer uses an odd parity format to detect errors in character codes, thenevery valid character code will always have an odd number of 1 bits.T25. Processor comes with a unique set of operations called an instruction set.F 26. In an instruction, operands specify the function to be performed.T 27. A processor's job is to retrieve instruction from memory and perform step bystep operations,3.3 True or FalseF1 All operating systems on various computers take the same size.F 2 All operating systems were written in a low level language.T3 The user can't use the computers at all if there is no operating system on the computers.F4 The operating system exists in the lowest layer of a computer.T5 The system calls are provided by the operating system.T 6 A computer's operational software defines the schedule of jobs awaiting execution.F7 Though an operating system can schedule the execution of jobs, it does not manage the availability of I/O devices.T 8 The IOCS component of an operating system controls I/O operations.T9 It is a major problem for the operating system to map the logical file concept onto physical storage devices such as magnetic tape or disk.F10 Files can only be direct access on a disk system.T 11 The logic structure and nomenclature of the different operating systems vary considerable.F12 The form of the system prompt is the same for every kind of operating system 13 You must boot the system, before you use a microcomputer.T14 Spooling is an approach to improving system performance by over aping the input of one job with the output of other jobs.T15 Multiprogramming allows time sharing.T1 6 When they first appeared, the microcomputers were provided with the operating system developed for computers.T17 By using the graphical user interface, what the users need to do is to "point and click" in order to accomplish their tasks.T18 The interface introduced by Windows is the object-oriented user interface.T 19.TMicrosoft failed in betting their future on Windows.Multiple Choice1 A computer's operating system is:Da resource managementb error recoveryc memory managementd all the above2 Which is the generalization of a two-level directory?Da cycle graph directory structureb a tree-structuredc batch systemd all the above3 Which system may have no time constrains?Ca real-time systemb time-share systemc batch systemd all the above4 The more popular micro operating system is:Da MS-DOSb CP/Mc UNIXd all the above5 What languages can be used to develop the operating systems ?Ca A machine language,b An assembly language.c A high level language,d all of the above.6 How does the operating system manage the resources of the computer?a It turns on or off the resources of the computer.b It makes them work together towards some common goals, or objectives.c It controls the way in which these resources are put to work.d It acts directly on the raw hardware.7 The function of an operating system is Da to drive the the raw hardware of the computerb to drive the resources of the computer in accordance with certain objectivesc to provide the higher layers of software with a simplified computerd all of the above11 The graphical user interface provides the users withA a simpler way to interact with their computersB a series of typed commandsC an intuitive sit of graphical icons that allowed the completion of common tasksD an intuitive set of graphical incons for users to "point and click" in order toaccomplish their tasks, so that they didn't have to remember arcane words andcommands anymore12 Windows resemble the Macintosh inA providing a GUI which is introduced by MacintoshB providing a limited means of multitaskingC providing a Windows interface just like the GUID allowing users to load multiple programs and have them run in thebackground while doing other work in a window in the foreground3.4 True or FalseF1 Flowcharting is used primarily for program design and rarely for systems design.T2 When programming in a procedure-oriented language, you should tell the computer'‘what to do' and 'how to do it'.T3 Assembler-level languages use mnemonics to represent instructions.T4 Machine language instructions are composed of a label, an opcode, and an operand.F5 Machine languages must be converted by a compiler to be used by the computer.F6 High-level languages require that programmers work with individual main storage locations.. 5T7 A compiler is translating program that converts high-level languages into machine language.T9 A flowchart loop indicates the repetitive performance of steeps to process data.T10 None of the computers consists of hardware only.F11 Programs written in high-level language can be executed by the computers without the help of a translator program~T13 Each symbolic instruction has one-to-one correspondence with the machine instruction.T14 Writing a program in a high-level language need not take account of the hardwareof the computer.T 15 The opode of an assembly language instruction specifies the operation that is to beperformed by the microprocessor.T 17 The mnemonic for the instruction is the symbolic representation of the actual binary code that the computer directly executes.T 18 A label is on the left of the assembly language statement.T 21 To enable the computer to solve an application problem programmers have to write programs in order to translate the application concepts into computerconcepts.T 22 A class is defined by grouping a user-defined type with all procedures and function that can be applied to it.T 23 The artificial intelligence research community did not agree with the concepts of object-oriented programming when in its early days.F24 Object-oriented programming languages are absolutely different from the LISP programming language.T 25 A program may produce incorrect output even if it runs OK.T 26 An error will occur if a program wants to use a deleted file.F 27 All the errors can be avoided.T 28 A warning will not terminate the program.T 29 Although we could not avoid all the runtime errors, we must take appropriate action when it happens.Match the following terms to the appropriate definition1 program2 programmer3 machine language4 assembler5 source6 object7 interpreter8 compilerA A computer program that translates an instruction into machine language, execute it, and then repeats the process for each instruction in a program until the program is finished.7B The set of statements that make up a computer program.5C A computer program that reads a high-level language instruction.8D A computer-specific set of primitive or elementary instructions that allows people to communicate with a particular computer.3E A set of instruction that tells a computer what to do.1F A program that translates an assembly-level language into machine language4.G Output from a compiler or assembler that is linked with other code to produce executable machine language code.6H A person who creates computer program.23.5True or falseT1 The program specifications are written by the software engineers.F2 Coding a program will consume most of programmer's time and effort.T 3 Programmers should use flowchart and other visual aids when they are designing routines.F4 The goal of the test phase of program development is to "prove" that a particular program has been completely debugged.T 5 More programmers maintain programs rather than code programs.T 6 A structured program is made up of several modules.T 7 "Branching" capability is one the most intriguing properties of a digital computer.。
应用化学专业英语课后练习题含答案
5.A heterogeneous mixture is one in which the components are evenly distributed throughout.
Answer: False.
Short answer
4.What is the difference between an acid and a base?
Answer: An enzyme is a protein that acts as a catalyst in a biological reaction, lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur.
6.What is a heterogeneous mixture?
4.What is the definition of a chemical reaction?
Answer: A chemical reaction is a process in which one or more substances are transformed into different substances through the breaking and forming of chemical bonds.
Chapter 2
True or False
3.The pH scale is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution.
Answer: True.
4.A catalyst is a substance that changes the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the reaction itself.
自考英语专业《英语写作及答案》练习题
英语写作及答案I. Supply the missing paragraph(10 points)The following passage is incomplete with on body paragraph missing. Study the passage carefully and write the missing paragraph of about 100 words. Make sure that the tone and vocabulary you use are in unity with the passage provided.As we have seen, the focus of medical care in our society has been shifting from curing disease to preventing disease—especially in terms of changing our many unhealthy behaviors, such as poor eating habits, smoking, and failure to exercise. The line of thought involved in this shift can be pursued further. Imagine a person who is about the right weight, but does not eat very nutritious foods, who feels OK but exercises only occasionally, who goes to work every day, but is not an outstanding worker, who drinks a few beers at home most nights but does not drive while drunk, and who has no chest pains or abnormal blood counts, but sleeps a lot and often feels tired. This person is not ill. He may not even be at risk for any particular disease. But we can imagine that this person could be a lot healthier.The field of medicine has not traditionally distinguished between someone who is merely “not ill”and someone who is in excellent health and pays attention to the body’s special needs. Both types have simply been called “well.”In recent years, however, some health specialists have begun to apply the terms “well”and “wellness”only to those who are actively striving to maintain and improve their health._______________________________________________________________________________People who are well are likely to be better able to resist disease and to fight disease when it strikes. And by focusing attention on healthy ways of living, the concept of wellness can have a beneficial impact on the ways in which people face the challenges of daily life.II. Write an outline(20 points)Read the following passage carefully and compose a "topic outline" for it.For a Better Understanding Between Parent and ChildNowadays there is often a lack of understanding between parent and child. Modern society has been changing greatly so much so that even the relations between parent and child have become much different from several decades ago. Far less do they communicate each other but they always complain and quarrel instead. As it is, generation gap has become quite a spreading social problem. As for the problem, various possible reasons may be found. Because of either economic necessity or strong determination for personal fulfillment, or both, neither father nor mother has any time to stay together with their children. On the other hand, teenagers eagerly feel the need for freedom away from their parents to explore their emerging identity as a young adult- to develop his own interests or to perfect his favorite skills, which their parents may not prefer. Hence, the parents must suffer the loss of their unruly little boy or girl, incapable of keeping their child to remain in the safe and familiar routines of early childhood or to do what they demand. Eventually, either parent or child becomes unsatisfied, no patient with each other and would not like to find any chance to understand the other.If this situation is to be navigated successfully, there are really some suggestions both forparent and child to follow. For parents, by recalling their own childhood experiences, they could understand and then try to help their own children whenever needed. They should also trust that only in very short time will the child emerge from the uncertainty of being a teenager and display the mature, adult character to forgive their parents for the sake of their hard work.. Bothe sides striving for a better understanding, it is no doubt that their relations will be improved quickly.III Sentence transformation (15 points)Transform the following sentences into better ones without changing their meanings. The outline of each sentence is given. Please fill in each blank with only one word（每空仅限填一词）1 .My favorite sport is swimming.→There is no sport I enjoy________ ________swimming.2 Perseverance is the most important in achieving success.→________is more important than perseverance in achieving success.3 Pollution is very harmful to environment as illness is harmful to health.→Pollution is to environment________illness is to health.4 China will never be the first country to use nuclear weapons.→Under________ ________will China be the first country to use nuclear weapons5 Opportunities are unprecedented for those who understand the cell and the pixel.→It is a world ________ opportunities have never ________ ________ for those who understand the cell and the pixel.6 I want to thank students, faculty, alumni and staff and I have been privileged to work with them over these past years.→I want to thank students, faculty, alumni and staff ________ ________ I have been privileged to work over these past years.7 At such a moment, we tend to elevate comfort and consensus over progress and clear direction. →At such a moment, there is ________ to elevate comfort and consensus over progress and clear direction.8 The decade ahead will bring more hard choices for our country, and there are some guiding principles that should give us direction.→The decade ahead will bring more hard choices for our country, and there are some guiding principles that should ________our course.9 We cannot deny the fact that the Palestinian people -- Muslims and Christians -- have suffered in pursuit of a homeland.→It is ________ that the Palestinian people -- Muslims and Christians -- have suffered in pursuit of a homeland.10 So let there be no doubt:The Palestinian people cannot stand the situation .→So let there be no doubt:The situation for the Palestinian people is ________.IV Compose an essay (55 points)The Advantages and Disadvantages of Young People's Early Independence注：考试结束后，只交答题纸I. Supply the missing paragraph(10 points)The following passage is incomplete with on body paragraph missing. Study the passage carefully and write the missing paragraph of about 100 words. Make sure that the tone and vocabulary you use are in unity with the passage provided.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________II. Write an outline(20 points)Read the following passage carefully and compose a "topic outline" for it.I. ____________________________________A. _________________________________________________B. __________________________________a. _______________________b. _______________________C. __________________________________a. _______________________b. _______________________II. ___________________________________a. ________________________b._________________________III. Conclusionboth side should try to understand each otherIII Sentence transformation (15 points)Transform the following sentences into better ones without changing their meanings. The outline of each sentence is given. Please fill in each blank with only one word（每空仅限填一词）1 ________ ________.2 ________. 3________.4________ ________. 5 ________ ________ ________. 6________ ________.7 ________. 8 ________. 9 ________. 10 ________.IV Compose an essay (55 points)The Advantages and Disadvantages of Young People's Early Independence《英语写作》模拟试题答案I. Supply the missing paragraph (20 points)As we know, food is one of the existential elements for human, and we cannot live without food. But as the living condition has been improved, it seems that most of us are become strict to what we eat - we are likely to choose those we like, to others we shall resist. While, according to the nutritionists' point of view, we need many kinds of food to keep us in healthy condition. It is all right that we may have our particular flavor, but we must keep in mind that we also need other kinds of food to keep us in balance. Those who can have a healthy body are those who know how to eat, and what to eat.II. Read the following passage carefully and compose a "topic outline" for it. (20 points)I. General introduction and explanationA. Problems of lack of understanding between parent and child.B. Reasons for this situationa. economic necessityb. strong determination for personal fulfillmentC. satisfaction between each othera. parents' feelingb. children's feelingII. Suggestions to solve the problems.a. parents- help and trustb. children- their parents' hard-workIII. ConclusionIII. Composition (60 points)Dissatisfaction leads to progressThis article reminds me of a well-known story about a frog. The frog is put on the cool water at first, and then the water is boiled steadily, the frog cannot sense it till it died. I think this story put the fact to us very clearly: people likely become insensitive to the seeming comfortable environment; they enjoy it and never think of improving themselves, so when the dangers come it may be too late for them to do something about it.In contrary, those people who are dissatisfactory sometimes can leads progress. Especially in today’s fast growing world, if you don’t move, then you fall behind. Many facts can approve this, from the changes of social system to our own situations. The change of social system was due to people’s dissatisfaction of the former one, and the set up of the new on was certainly a great progress in human history. As for ourselves, we may go on study even after we have graduated from school, change job frequently, and so on. These are due to our desire to improve our current situations and to seek a better life.However, if you are not content with what you have at present and do nothing but complain, you cannot make progress, because only those who not just have a desire to improve but also adapt measures can succeed. So, if you are dissatisfactory, don’t stand still, take action, your future should be better欢迎您的下载，资料仅供参考！致力为企业和个人提供合同协议，策划案计划书，学习课件等等打造全网一站式需求。
大学专业用途英语课后习题答案
大学专业用途英语课后习题答案1. You'd better ( ) a copy of the whole article for yourself. [单选题] *A. make(正确答案)B. makingC. to makeD. made2. He is very strict. It is no use ( ) yourself to him. [单选题] *A. explainedB. to explainC. explaining(正确答案)D. explain3. All people must pull together ( ) the project can be finished on schedule. [单选题] *A. as thoughB. ifC. even thoughD. in order that(正确答案)4. I wish I ( ) shopping with you yesterday, because I was very bored at home then. [单选题] *A. had gone(正确答案)B. would goC. could have goneD. went5. If ( ) in a warm place, these flowers will bloom in late May. [单选题] *A. to plantB. planted(正确答案)C. plantD. planting6. My father recommended two new books to me, ( ) seemed to be very interesting. [单选题] *A. both of thatB. all of thatC. both of which(正确答案)D. all of which7. Tom will never forget the days ( ) he lived in the remote village with his parents. [单选题] *A. whatB. whichC. when(正确答案)D. why8. Don't expect too much from her. The more you expect, ( ) you will become. [单选题] *A. the disappointedB. more disappointedC. the most disappointedD. the more disappointed(正确答案)9. The weather is quite fine. Let's go swimming, ( )？ [单选题] *A. will youB. shall we(正确答案)C. do weD. do you10. There is no doubt that the residents living in this building can have free ( ) to the swimming pool. [单选题] *A. excessB. access(正确答案)C. accelerateD. assess11. If you want to strengthen your friendship with your friends, you should ( ) more time communicating with them. [单选题] *A. spend(正确答案)B. takeC. payD. cost12. Tom has been nervous for three days, since he will have a(n) ( ) for the manager's job. [单选题] *A. reviewB. viewC. chatD. interview(正确答案)13. But for your advice, I ( ) the task arranged by the leader yesterday. [单选题] *A. shall not finishB. could not have finished(正确答案)C. shall finishD. could finish14. The aim of this meeting is ( ) how to solve the serious crisis. [单选题] *A. to discuss(正确答案)B. discussingC. to discussingD. discussed15. This building is named ( ) his name in memory of his great invention. [单选题] *A. upB. after(正确答案)C. atD. in16. ( ) are quite humorous and everyone likes making friends with them. [单选题] *A. The Bushes(正确答案)B. A BushC. BushesD. The Bush17. One way to manage time wisely is to give ( ) to what is the most important. [单选题] *A. principleB. permissionC. priority(正确答案)D. process18. The teachers don't know ( ), because the meeting rooms are being decorated. [单选题] *A. where should the meeting be heldB. which should the meeting be heldC. which the meeting should be heldD. where the meeting should be held(正确答案)19. Due to the outbreak of the epidemic, many outdoor activities have been ( ). [单选题] *A. called forB. called off(正确答案)C. called backD. called in20. According to the report, some experts ( ) the shop with selling cups with insulting ads. [单选题] *A. charge(正确答案)B. accuseC. blameD. condemn21. Some people ( ) it for granted that what they pick up in the street belongs to them. [单选题] *A. makeB. take(正确答案)C. getD. regard22. Because there is enough time, the teacher advises students ( ) their papers again. [单选题] *A. examinedB. to examine(正确答案)C. to examiningD. examine23. Many people suffer from hunger in this country ( ) the decrease of food imports this year. [单选题] *A. instead ofB. regardless ofC. due to(正确答案)D. as to24. I ( ) reading the novel by yesterday, so I buy a new novel today. [单选题] *A. had finished(正确答案)B. finishedC. finishD. would finish25. Most foreign people think ( ) very difficult to learn to write Chinese characters. [单选题] *A. thatB. thisC. it(正确答案)D. one26. Mary heard her name called by someone, whose voice was very familiar ( ) her. [单选题] *A. withB. to(正确答案)C. onD. in27. One ( ) of extra-curricular activities is that the kids involved can gain friendship. [单选题] *A. flexibilityB. benefit(正确答案)C. privilegeD. interest28. I will tell the truth to him if he ( ) the funeral the day after tomorrow. [单选题] *A. would attendB. will have attendedC. attends(正确答案)D. will attend29. His ( ) of the accident conflicted with that of the other witnesses. However, I believed what he said was true. [单选题] *A. expectationB. instructionC. responseD. account(正确答案)30. Every time I run into difficulty, he is always the first ( ) help. [单选题] *A. to be offeredB. to offer(正确答案)C. offerD. offering31. Many women have to resign in order to ( ) their children wholeheartedly. [单选题] *A. bring up(正确答案)B. put upC. break upD. build up32. My good friend Lily told me that she ( ) to New York the next month. [单选题] *A. wentB. goesC. would go(正确答案)D. will have gone33. It is natural that people ( ) feel upset for no reason. It usually won't last too long. [单选题] *A. sometimes(正确答案)B. some timesC. a timeD. some time34. Our company wants to invest in the property market, so we look forward to ( ) with that company. [单选题] *A. cooperateB. cooperating(正确答案)C. cooperatedD. being cooperated35. It is really ( ) to borrow money from your elder sister just to help a selfish stranger pay off his debt. [单选题] *A. ridiculous(正确答案)B. stubbornC. splendidD. popular36. The kids in the kindergarten help each other and never quarrel, thus creating a ( ) atmosphere. [单选题] *A. commonB. lonelyC. peaceful(正确答案)D. steady37. You ( ) to make so many preparations; the job has been assigned to an experienced fellow. [单选题] *A. needn't have bothered(正确答案)B. shouldn't have botheredC. mustn't have botheredD. couldn't have bothered38. ( ) in the park yesterday afternoon, my mother met an old friend. [单选题] *A. To walkB. Walking(正确答案)C. WalkD. Walked39. Mary behaved in a specially confident manner ( ) she had understood the problem completely. [单选题] *A. as if(正确答案)B. whetherC. althoughD. than40. As we all know, success results from hard work; ( ) efforts, nothing can be achieved. [单选题] *A. except forB. without(正确答案)C. despiteD. besides41. His advice is that your father ( ) more exercise outdoors in the morning. [单选题] *A. doneB. will doC. should do(正确答案)D. does42. From this book, you can know ( ) those animals escape from their natural enemies. [单选题] *A. whoB. how(正确答案)C. whereD. it43. Plants are very ( ) to climate change. Therefore, many tree species are faced with extinction because of global warming. [单选题] *A. sensibleB. consciousC. sensitive(正确答案)D. independent44. His two dogs made a mess in his room, ( ) he didn't want to punish them. [单选题] *A. andB. orC. becauseD. but(正确答案)45. Hearing the words, he didn't seem to be offended; ( ), he looked very happy. [单选题] *A. in a wordB. in other wordsC. on the wholeD. on the contrary(正确答案)46. ( ) the salary is rather low, many young people have resigned in recent months. [单选题] *A. Because(正确答案)B. ForC. AfterD. So that47. What the little girl wants ( ) a pen, and what her elder brother wants ( ) two books. [单选题] *A. are; areB. is; isC. is; are(正确答案)D. are; is48. Most universities don't ( ) that every student can graduate with a certificate if they don't study hard. [单选题] *A. guarantee(正确答案)B. provideC. requireD. complete49. The company has recently taken on fifty people ( ) live in the local area. [单选题] *A. whichB. whoseC. thoseD. who(正确答案)50. All the afternoon my colleagues and I ( ) a report in the meeting room. [单选题] *A. prepareB. were to prepareC. have been preparing(正确答案)D. had been preparing5I. It is no use worrying about the future all the time. No one knows what will ( ) next minute. [单选题] *A. take placeB. get onC. disappearD. happen(正确答案)52. Alice, please turn down the music. I ( ) an important phone call at present. [单选题] *A. answerB. answeredC. have answeredD. am answering(正确答案)53. After you use my dictionary and English book, you should place them ( ) they used to be. [单选题] *A. the momentB. where(正确答案)C. whenD. that54. ( ) runs the fastest in the competition will be given an expensive prize. [单选题] *A. Whoever(正确答案)B. WhomeverC. WhomD. Who55. If you want these new employees to work out the answer, two hours and a half ( ) not enough. [单选题] *A. to beB. beingC. areD. is(正确答案)56. Only after they had examined the machine for several hours ( ) the problem. [单选题] *A. they foundB. did they find(正确答案)C. they findD. do they find57. ( ), he doesn't know how to get on with other people. [单选题] *A. Adult as he is(正确答案)B. Adult he is asC. Adult he as isD. An adult as he is58. It was ( ) that they went for a picnic in the park last weekend. [单选题] *A. so nice a weatherB. such nice weather(正确答案)C. nice weather soD. too nice weather59. It is advisable to adjust the measures on the ( ) of short-time predictions. [单选题] *A. basis(正确答案)B. baseC. foundationD. ground60. ( ) slowly he runs! I don't think he may attend the lecture on time. [单选题] *A. WhatB. ItC. How(正确答案)D. Whether。
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b--吡啶pyridine 巴比妥酸:barbituric acid 比电导conductance不规则的:irregular 崩解剂disintegrantc--萃取extraction 成团:agglomeration 测量仪measurement 肠液:intestinal fluidd--胆固醇cholestero 对映体:enantiomer 电极electrode 代谢:metabolismf--反相渗透reverse osmosis 分布:dispositiong--构象:conformation 固化:solidizej--甲苯toluene 静脉注:intravenous injection 挤压:compress聚集:aggregate 胶囊capsulel--粒子:particle 立体选择性:stereoselectivity 利用率:availabilitym--灭菌产品sterile products n--粘合剂adhesivep--偏振光:polarized light 片剂tablet 配剂elixir 排泄:excretionq--起始原料starting materials(raw materials) q醛aldehyder--溶解度:solubility 乳剂emulsion 润滑剂lubricants--释放:release 渗液solution 生物膜:biologic membrane 生物碱alkaloid, t---糖浆syrup 甜味剂sweetenerw--丸剂pill 微生物microorganism 胃液:gastric fluid 稳定态:steady-statex--旋光异构现象:optical isomerism 悬浮液suspension 香味剂flavor 稀释剂diluent形状:shape 吸收:absorption 消除:eliminationy--胰岛素insulin 压片:tablet compressionz--中间体intermediate 重结晶recrystallization 左旋:levorotation蒸馏distillation 组织tissuea--asymmetric carbon不对称碳absorption吸收action动作adhesive粘合剂c--contamination污染chirality:手性compress压缩composite合成的compressibility:可压缩性compaction:压紧contamination specialize特殊污染conductivity电导率control:控制clinical:临床的d-- design:设计dry:干燥delivery:传送e-- extend:延长epoxide:环氧化物f-- formulation:制剂fluidity:流动性function:功能g-- geometric isomerism:几何异构h-- hormone激素hydrolysis diastereoisomer:水解非对映异构体heterogeneous catalyst多相催化剂，i-- irrigating冲洗m-- metabolite代谢物medication药物治疗medicine内服药mill:研磨measure尺寸mix:混合microorganisms微生物o-- ophthalmic眼药p-- polysaccharide多糖peptide肽plasma血浆penicillin青霉素，precursor:前体partition coefficient:狭义分配系数pharmaceutical制药的parenteral注射药物pycogens热源procedure:程序q-- quality性质quantity数量s-- steroid甾类steric effect:空间效应stereoselectivity:立体选择性screening:过筛sustain :维持t-- treat治疗therapy:治疗u--uniformity目标v--vaccine疫苗Unit1 P7Answer the following questions:How many groups can pharmaceutical agents be split into depending on their production or origin?①totally synthetic materials(synthetics)②natural products③products from partial syntheses(semi-synthetic products)(2)Can you illustrate any significant examples of pharmaceutical agents obtained by total synthesis?L-amine,chleramphomical,caffeine,Dopamine,Epinephrine,Lerodapa,peptide,hormones.Prestaglanding,P_Pouricollamine,Vincamine,(3)What is the difference between the synthetic drugs and traditional Chinese herbal medicine?synthetic drugs include the most important of synthetics and semi-sythetic products, however, natural products are frequently needed as starting materials or intermediates for important synthetic products.2、生物碱4、Introduction of Nucleic acidsNucleic acids are polyanionic molecules of high molecular weight. These polymers are composed of a sequence of subunits or nucleotides so that the whole is usually termed a polynucleotide. The nucleic acids are of two main varieties, ribonucleic (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic (DNA). DNA is found primarily in the chromatin to the cell nucleus, whereas 90% of RNA is presented in the cell cytoplasm and 10% in the nucleolus. The two classes of nucleic acids are distinguished primary on basis of the five-carbon atom sugar of pentose present. Two general kinds of bases are found in all nucleic acids. One type is a derivative of the parent compound purine. Principle examples are guanine and adenine. The second class of bases found in all nucleic acid is derived from the parent compound pyrimidine.介绍核酸核酸是超高分子量聚阴离子分子。
这些聚合物组成，亚基或核苷酸，使整个通常称为多核苷酸序列。
核酸有两种，主要品种核糖核酸（RNA）和脱氧核糖核酸（DNA）的。
DNA是主要存在于细胞核内的染色质，而90％的RNA在细胞质现在和10％的核仁。
核酸类的两个主要的区别在于对目前的五个戊糖碳原子的糖基础。
一般两个种基地发现，在所有核酸。
一类是母体化合物嘌呤的衍生物。
原理是鸟嘌呤和腺嘌呤的例子。
在所有发现核酸碱基第二类是来自母体化合物嘧啶。
Unit2 P231、Answer the following questions:(1) What is quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) of pharmacologic agents?quantitative descriptions of physical properties of compounds and the response of the biological system under consideration.How many steric factors influence on the pharmacologic activity?Three major headings.(1)Optical and Geometric Isomerism and Pharmacologic Activity.(2)Confrontational Isomerism and Pharmacologic Activity.(3)Isomerism andPharmacologic Activity.Why do enantiomophric pairs (optical isomers) exhibit different biological activities？difference in biologic activity may be due to a difference in the distribution of the isomers or to a difference in the properties of the drug-receptor combination of less them the optimal number of binding groups is suitably located for binding.2、静脉注射4、The finding of a novel drug molecule is a long, expensive, and tortuous process with no guarantee of success. Clearly, out of the almost in finite number of possible compounds, only a finite(few, small) number can ever be selected for testing within a given time and the skill of medicinal chemist is in deciding which of those compounds to make first. Of course, there is then the major problem of how to synthesize them! In order to make that decision, the mass of biological data produced for compounds already tested needs to be analyzed in such a way that features which are important for the biological activity/activities can be identified and then for future molecules. The goal of quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) is to find predicative effect between quantitative descriptions of physical properties of compounds and the response of the biological system under consideration. Hopefully the resulting QSAR will lead to an definition of the molecular features/properties most important in derterming activity, and guide the research of biological activity within the compound series.发现了新的药物分子是一个长期的，昂贵的，曲折的过程没有成功的保证。