综合作品论述哈姆雷特悲剧实质与原因
莎士比亚《哈姆雷特》中主人公性格悲剧解读
莎士比亚《哈姆雷特》中主人公性格悲剧解读莎士比亚的《哈姆雷特》被誉为世界文学史上最伟大的戏剧之一，其中的主人公哈姆雷特更是被认为是一个深沉复杂的悲剧人物。
他的性格、内心矛盾和遭遇构成了这部戏剧的核心。
在本文中，我们将深入探讨哈姆雷特这一悲剧人物的性格特点，并对他的悲剧命运进行解读。
我们不得不提及哈姆雷特的忧郁与矛盾性格。
从整部戏剧来看，哈姆雷特是一个极度内向、敏感、善良且富有同情心的年轻人。
他对自己的内心矛盾感到痛苦和困惑，他的内心矛盾主要表现在对复仇的犹豫、对自己的人生意义的追问以及对世界的不满。
他对自己的父亲的死感到悲痛，但又不能释怀母亲与克劳迪斯的婚姻；他对自己的心中情感犹豫不决，却无法解脱。
这种内心矛盾不断折磨着他，最终导致了他的悲剧命运。
哈姆雷特的性格也表现出了他对现实世界的不满与反抗。
在整个戏剧中，哈姆雷特不断地用冷嘲热讽和讽刺来表达对社会、对人性的不满。
他对政治腐败、人性丑恶、虚伪封建伦理等问题感到极度痛苦和愤慨。
尤其是他对母亲的感情，以及对王室中的勾心斗角和亲情的质疑，都是他性格中的重要组成部分。
他对人性的绝望与对世界的不满，使他深陷在认知的困境中，失去了对生活的信心，最终导致了他的悲剧命运。
哈姆雷特的性格还表现出了他对自己命运的追问与不甘心。
他对生命、对人生的意义进行了深刻的追问，他思考生命的意义、才华的价值、爱情的真谛等问题。
哈姆雷特对自己悲惨的遭遇感到不甘心，他觉得自己的人生命运是如此不公，他宁愿选择死亡来结束自己的痛苦。
但与此他又对死亡感到恐惧，他害怕死后可能会面临更大的痛苦与折磨。
这种对自己命运的追问与不甘心最终使他深陷在自己的内心困境中，最终导致了他的悲剧命运。
哈姆雷特的性格中还表现出了他的复仇心理与宿命论思想。
整个戏剧的情节围绕着哈姆雷特对父亲遇害的复仇展开，而哈姆雷特对复仇的犹豫不决、对犯严的反思、对杀意的压抑等心理过程无不表现出其复杂性。
他也多次提及宿命这一概念，认为人的命运是由上天决定的，自己无法逃脱。
《哈姆雷特》中的悲剧原因分析
摘要：《哈姆雷特》是莎士比亚戏剧创作中最杰出的代表作，著名的四大悲剧之一，又是莎士比亚戏剧艺术成熟的标志。
该剧以丰富的时代内涵、生动的人物形象、复杂的矛盾冲突以及曲折多变的故事情节，给人们留下深刻的印象，吸引着他们对其不断的进行解读。
本篇文章旨在从情节、人物、矛盾冲突等多方面分析《哈姆雷特》戏剧中的悲剧色彩。
透过复杂的故事情节，该剧展示了十六世纪英国的动荡与混乱。
该剧中任务众多，不同的任务有不同的性格，也反映了当时不同层次、身份的任务的特征以及他们的人生观。
从而决定了他们最终的归宿。
剧中哈姆雷特与克劳狄斯的斗争是新兴资产阶级人文主义者与日趋反动的封建王权代表任务之间的斗争，反映了文艺复兴时期先进人物为实现美好理想向社会恶势力所进行的斗争。
作为文艺复兴的核心，人文主义在当时是一种新兴思潮，但却遭到失败。
作为人文主义者的典型代表，哈姆雷特对人类抱有美好的看法。
他相信人类的智慧、高雅和力量。
然而，面对罪恶的现实，他所有的人文主义理想都被彻底破灭。
因而只能以生命的代价换来精神上的胜利。
作为时代的缩影，《哈姆雷特》揭示了人文主义理想破灭的必然性。
关键词：人物悲情；矛盾冲突；人文主义；情节悲剧；王权斗争The Tragedy Aspects in HamletAbstract：As one of Shakespeare’s the four famous tragedies, Hamlet is the most remarkable one. It is also the sign of the maturation in the art of Shakespeare’s play. With abundant connotation of the time, vivid characters, complicated conflict and varied story, Hamlet gives people deep impression and moves them to appreciate it. This article aims to analyze the tragedy aspects in Hamlet from all the aspects of plot, character, conflict, and so on, according to which it reveals more information about England in the period of Renaissance. Based on the complicated plots, Hamlet reveals the confusion of England in 16th. In this play, there are many characters. With different character, each one reflects different feature of different stage and their social status, and also their value of life, which decide their final sufferance. The struggle between Hamlet and Claudius is about the conflict between the newly emerged capital humanists and the feudal evil force, which reflects the humanists’ h ardship for their dreams to come true. As the essence of Renaissance, humanism is a newly emerged thought at that time, but unfortunately, it failed. On behalf of humanists, Hamlet confirms human’s value and dignity, and also the wisdom and power, but in front of the evil reality, all his dreams are destroyed completely. He just gets the spiritual victory with the cost of his life. As the mitigation of the time, Hamlet shows that it is destined to fail for humanists.Key Words：Tragedy of Characters; conflict; humanism; tragedy of plots; fighting for throneIntroductionIt is known that Hamlet is the most remarkable works of Shakespeare in his dramas. It describes a story of a prince’s revenge for his father’s death in Denmark, during which, it reveals human-being different conflicts. With abundant connotation of the time, vivid characters, complicated conflict and varied story, Hamlet gives people deep impression and moves them to appreciate it. There are three simultaneous plots of revenge, from which, the tragedy of characters is described more complicated. There is also some description of characters: Hamlet represents the few number of the advanced person emerging in the feudal society; Claudius, who is the head of the reactionary force, is also a schemer, the model character of double-dealer. He is dissolute, insidious and sham. But finally, such unforgivable man bears what he should do; Ophelia, who is one of the loveliest girls Shakespeare has described, is also a tragedy character in this play. She is kind, but because of her innocent and tenderness, she became the tool which her father used topleasant the King.As one of the four famous tragedies, Hamlet is full of tragedy aspects: it described a disordered world, and also a world with strong self-consciousness, which reflected the modern main parts uncertainness and complication in the period of Renaissance. In such a special time, there are all the kinds of formation: Claudius’s schemes to seize the state power; the ethics between the ghost and his s on; the sincere feelings between Hamlet and Ophelia; friendship’s forsaking with old classmates; simultaneous revenge action; the failure of humanism, and so on. With all the formation organized, it forms Hamlet’s special artistic charm and literal achieve ment, which reveal human-being the tragedy aspects of Hamlet incisively and vividly.I. The General Introduction of the StoryIt is a story of a prince’s revenge for his father’s death in Denmark. The King of Denmark died, young prince Hamlet who was making further education abroad came back to his country. Out of his imagination, his mother married his uncle Claudius just after the old King’s death. A ghost who looked like the old King emerged one night, and told Hamlet that it was Claudius who killed him, so Hamlet vowed to revenge. He began to pretend to be mad, and left his lover Ophelia. To spy upon the reflection of Claudius, Hamlet arranged a play which was drawn by him. Claudius realized it, he sent Hamlet to England, and asked the man who kept watch on Hamlet to give letter to the king of England to have Hamlet died. But Claudius failed; Hamlet came back to his country again. Meanwhile Ophelia was drawn because of her father’s death and her lover Hamlet’s drifting apart of her. Her brother Leartes was very angry; he asked to fight with Hamlet. Then Claudius arranged a sword match for them, in which Hamlet was killed by the poison sword, Laertes was wounded to die. The Queen (Hamlet’s mother) died from the poison wine which was prepared for Hamlet by Claudius. Before death, Laertes told the truth. Finally Hamlet killed Claudius with the cost of his life.II. Three Simultaneous Plots of RevengeIn Hamlet, there are three simultaneous plots of revenge, which give more details to help us learn the tragedy aspects in it. There are three characters: Hamlet, Laertes andFortinbius,all of whose father are killed. Based on the concept of the time, all the three persons should revenge for their relatives. As the same task, because of their own character and outlook of life, there are three different ways. Of the three persons, thereare two groups of comparison: Laertes and Hamlet are both comparatively young men in a court dominated by the Middle Aged; both are described as being popular with the people in Denmark; their common love for Ophelia units them thematically in the fourth act; and the ensuing swordfight which result in both their death makes clear the extent to which they are each other’s opposites; both give themselves the task of revenging the death of a relative; both are spied on by their parents. Young Fortinblas, who has a few similarities to Hamlet: he too is the nephew of a King; he too is any enemy of Claudius; he too is seeking some sort of vengeance following the death of his father.A. Laertes’s Simple Idea to RevengeOf Laertes’s idea to revenge, it can be described as “simple”. He is noble and dignified in his appearance, while in fact there is nothing in is mind. He is impulsive, narrow minded. Though he realizes his error and reveals the evil plot of the King, he loses his life. As he learns the news that his father Polonius was killed, without asking anyone about the reason, hurriedly he comes back to Denmark and arouses the asses to action. Thinking that the King is the sinner of his fathe r’s death,Laretes leads his masses rush into the court and fight with Claudius. We see Laretes does like that, but in fact, he does not love his father at all. He laughs at his father’s weakness, hates that his father asks someone to keep watch on him. Fo r the reason of his father’s death, he has no interest. Suppose Laertes is willing to learn the reason, he would know that the death of Polonius is caused by himself, for he is so positive to interfere the conflict between Hamlet and the King. What’s more, he supports the King. Hamlet is meaningless to kill Polonius, to which Laertes dose not care about, so he decides to revenge without any doubt. He understands the moral from the point of formalism, according to which he takes action. His principle is measure for measure. What Laertes revenges for is the reputation of his relevant and his family. In the face of such requirement, even the King’s order, it should be delayed. Besides, what Laertes revenges for is his ambitions. When he leads his masses to kill the King, he advocates them support him as the King. It is available that Laertes’s revenge is divorced from the essence, he has ulterior motives.B．Fortinblas’s Abandonment to RevengeFortinblas gives up to revenge. In this drama we do not see the Norway prince somany times. Just because of his uncle’s several words, he abandons to revenge for his father’s death. When the Denmark is frightened to wait for Fortinblas’s attack for his father’s death and the lost land, Fortinblas attacks Poland. No matter what causes Fortinblas to give up revenge, we can regard that his father once provoked to his enemy (the King of Denmark) and gave no choice to him. If the King of Denmark did not kill Fortinblas’s father, the person who would be in death now is himself. Fortinblas realizes that he has no ability to fight with Denmark, so he gives up. But what if he is willing to try his best? He abandons absolutely.Leartes and Fortinblas have their own attitude on revenge. One is to obey the requirement of revenge without any conditions, and the other one is to give upabsolutely. Either of them takes hasty action, and also lacks consideration.C. Hamlet’s Hesitation to RevengeSince the ghost of Hamlet’s father tells Hamlet the truth of his death, the task to revenge is en graved on Hamlet’s mind deeply, he vows to revenge. He loves his father so sincerely and deeply. In his mind, his father symbolizes the top of human virtue. What a base action to keep his father in death! Compared with Leartes and Fortinblas, his motive for revenge is stimulated by his love to his father. While it takes along time for him to complete his task, why? There are three main stages:First of all, he puts off all his action until he has positive proof of Claudius’s guilty, during his process, Haml et arranges a play to spy upon Claudius’s response to prove the truth of the ghost’s words. Secondly, he passes up the opportunity to stab Claudius in the back preferring to wait for chance to kill him in a way more fitting. Because of the religion and superstitious belief, killing the enemy who is repenting is to send the evil person to the heaven. It means that he returns good for evil. Thirdly, however, he gets side-tracked. Forced into confrontation with his mother, he kills the eavesdropping Polonius, thinking that it is Claudius he is stabbing. The fact that Hamlet misfires Polonius has two main effects: it makes Hamlet’s own homicidal campaign lose energy---as if some sort of blood lust had been sated. It also forces Hamlet finally out into the open. Rather than suspects, Hamlet is a threat to Claudius. On the excuse of Polonius’s death, Claudius has opportunity to move against Hamlet, which is sending him off to England to be put in death.III. The Tragedy of CharactersA. The Tragedy of Hamlet1. Thr ee Stages of Hamlet’s TragedyOf the character of Hamlet in this drama, it is not still, but changeable as the struggles go on. According to the development of the character, Shakespeare shows us the tragedy of Hamlet, which is described in three stages logically.The first stage is about his happiness time, during which he studies in Wittenberg. In that period, he has wonderful dream on humanism. To him the world is so bright, charming. In his mind, his father is on behalf perfect man. He also believes that the harmonious relationship between human would come true sooner or later. The second stage of Hamlet is about his dejection and hesitation. Hamlet is so puzzled by the conflict between humanism idea and the gloom reality. When we firstly see the prince, Hamlet appears as a dejected person. He is shrouded by sadness; he does not know where to look for happiness of life. When he realizes all the crimes in the court of Denmark, all his wishes of life have been changed. He decides to change the society, but in action he hesitates. The third stage is about his decision to take activities, which is after the play arranged by Hamlet himself. He can not bear the crime of reality any more. In his own words, he would fill his mind with bloody thoughts. Althoug h Hamlet revenges for his father’s death in the end, he does not achieve the purpose to remove the evil force thoroughly, even he loses his life.2. Hamlet’s DeathHamlet’s death is also his tragedy. It is destined for Hamlet to end with his death, which i s caused by both internal and external course; it is not comprehensive to emphasize either of them. As one of his challengeable enemy, Claudius is on behalf of the evil force; his crime is collected with all the society’s darkness. Hamlet is eager to wipe out such evil force and revenge for his father’s death. But it can not be solved only by having Claudius died, of course to achieve which is not easy. To remove the evil force which is commonly existed in the society and reverses the situation is more diff icult. What Hamlet is hesitating “is not what he should do, but how to do it.” Judging from the objective aspect, Hamlet’s enemy is not only Claudius, and also some villains. As a new style of thought of a newly emerging capitalist class, humanism just exists as a power of thought at that time, which is far away to match with the feudal evil force. The bourgeoisie revolution in England happened in 17th century, judging from the feature of the time, Hamlet’s death is destined. Judging from the character of him, Hamlet has the most weakness which dominates his action. Because of his prince social position, there is no communication with people. Although he has sympathy to them, he also learns people are angry to the evil force, and they also keep hope on him, he is unwilling to corporate with people. What he believes is his own ability; what’s more, in his mind he is the only person who can complete such hard task, which is the root of Hamlet’s social tragedy. So Hamlet’s tragedy is of an advanced humanist’s fa ilure to struggle with powerful evil force of him, of the time, which has strong classic meaning.B．he Tragedy of ClaudiusClaudius, who is the head of the reactionary force, is also a schemer, the model character of double-dealer. He is on behalf of the feudal evil force. He kills his older brother, becomes the new King of Denmark, and marries his sister-in-law. What a dissolute gay! He indulges in creature comforts. Although he is so pleased with himself, when he meets Hamlet, who is in mourning apparel, he is frightened, even it is in his new wedding banquet, he can not conceal the fear which is from his inner heart.Claudius lies that the old King (Hamlet’s father) died of a poisonous snake, and then he takes the place of Hamlet’s succeeding to the thro ne. While on the surface, he pretends to care Hamlet very much, treats Hamlet as his own son. He also promises Hamlet that he would let him inherit in the future. In the reply to Hamlet’s outburst, Claudius uses language which seems to be calculated to tak e into account both sides of a question. On one hand, He tells Hamlet that it is ‘sweet and commendable’ of him to be so obviously affected by his father’s death. On the other hand, he continues mourning must end sooner or later, and life must go on. Thus, Claudius’s answer to Hamlet appears at first sight to be the epitome of reasonableness, a balanced combination of sensitivity and down-to-earth common sense.‘Tis sweet and commendable in your nature, Hamlet,To give this mourning duties to your fatherBut you must know your father lost a father,That father lost, lost his-and the survivor boundIn filial obligation for some temTo do obsequious sorrow. But to persevereIn obstinate condolement is a courseOf impious stubbornness, ‘tis unmanly gr ief,It shows a will most incorrect to heaven,A heart unfortified, a mind impatient,An understanding simple and unschool’d,For what we know must be, and is as commonAs any the most vulgar thing to sense---Why should we in our peevish oppositionTake it to heart? Fie, ‘tis a fault to heaven,A fault against the dead, a fault to nature,To reason most absurd, whose common themeIs death of fathers, and who still hath cried?From the first cores till he that died today,‘This must be so’. (Hamlet, 87-106)When people actually look at the different weight which Claudius gives to the two opposite parts of his argument as his speech develops, it can be realized that Claudius’s ‘balance’ is actually nothing of kind. It is just because that he is under a great deal of strain, and that he is far less in control of the situation than he wants his audience to believe. In another words, Claudius, because he is in a public situation, needs to be a little tactful towards Hamlet, and thus compliments him on his swee t and commendable nature, and assures him that he regards him ‘with no less nobility of love/Then that which the dearest father bears his son’. (Hamlet, II, 110,-II). But Claudius is, after all, King, and his power is absolute. He tries all the ways to eliminate Hamlet, who is regarded to treat him very much. Because Hamlet is deeply loved by people, even pirate is willing to help him, Claudius could not kill him by any reason, he should be very careful. To spy whether Hamlet is mad or not, Claudius asks tw o of Hamlet’s classmates to keep watch on him. Meanwhile, as bait, Ophelia is used to spy upon Hamlet’s inner secrets. After the play, which is arranged by Hamlet, Claudius exposes his guilty conscience thoroughly. Then he plans to murder with a borrowed knife to remove Hamlet for another try. On the excuse of Hamlet’s safety, Claudius sends him toEngland, in secret he asks the man who keeps watch on Hamlet to convey his requirement of having Hamlet died to the King of England. But finally he failed. Then he incited Laertes to revenge for his father’s death, because of which, Hamlet dies from the poison sword.Claudius is dissolute, insidious and sham, while on surface he pretends so kind. Of his character, Shakespeare shows us all the kinds of hideous features of feudal tyrant and the careerist of capitalist class during the time of original accomplishment. But finally, such unforgivable man bears what he should do.C. The Tragedy of OpheliaOphelia, who is one of the loveliest girls Shakespeare has described, is also a tragedy character in this play. She is kind, but because of her innocent and her tenderness, she became the tool which her father used to pleasant the King. She is the victim of feudalism. Her thoughts is tightly bounded it. She believes truth, beauty and kindness, she really loves Hamlet, but she also becomes the tool of Claudius to spy uponthe inner secret of Hamlet when Hamlet is mad. When her father tells her to left Hamlet,she promises him without words. Ophelia is drawn at the end of this drama. It is eventually Ophelia whose madness leads to her actual suicide. But it is clearly that the person who caused Ophelia’s death is the King and her father. Ophelia is also the v ictim of the political. Is there any other reason? Of course that is the feudalism. Ophelia’s death stimulates people to detest the hateful power, and also evokes people’s sympathy for good things, which people have destroyed. IV. The Failure of HumanismA. The Conflict between Humanism and RealityThe Renaissance reached its high tide in 16th century, so did the Humanism. As the fundamental key of Renaissance, the essence of humanism is that human have the right to seek for freedom to advocate the rationa lism and to gain people’s position and development in the world. The elements of humanism are to establish the central status, of human beings, their dignity value, to advocate the spirit of rationalism and science, to protest the super role of God admired during the Middle Ages. In the literature of 16th in England, it was play got the best achievement, so there are so many good works. To some extent, a play is the reflection of the society. The history of 16th century is filled with struggle and conflict, which between the capitalism and feudalism.Hamlet is a humanist, a man who is free from the medieval prejudices and super station. He has an unbounded love for the world instead of the Heaven. As one of humanists, Hamlet cherishes a profound reverence fo r man, and he believes in human’s power and destiny:What a piece of work is human; how noble in reason;How infinite in faculty, in form and movingHow express and admirable; in action how like an angel;In apprehension how like a god! (Hamlet,85-96)From such ebullient words, vivid figure of speech, it is clear that Hamlet confirms human’s value and dignity, and also the wisdom and power, wherever exists humanism. He believes that human is valuable, energetic. He regards that the relationship between human being should be equal, and everyone should be respected. He takes “love” to instead of people’s loyalty to him, and the principle of equality and love to the relationship of feudal grade. According to his thought, character, appearance and expression, either of which shows us that he is the model of a perfect humanist. In his mind, his father (the old Hamlet) is a model of human. To love, friendship and life, Hamlet has his own humanism view. And he himself, just as Ophelia’s description, is a youngprinc e of humanism, such a lovely prince, there’s no doubt that anyone would not love him. Even Claudius, his enemy, has to admit that he is loved by the “silly” people, and the ordinary people would have good opinion to him. While at the beginning of the play, Hamlet is covered by the misfortune of his family. He adores and loves his father very much, but he died; he also loves his mother, while very quickly (“A little month, or ere those shoes were old, with which she follow’d my poor father’s body,”) she marr ies his uncle (the new King). The faithful love, friendship, and all a humanist’s valuable dreams began to be destroyed. He laments: “Fraity, thy name is woman!” To find out the reason of his father’s death, Hamlet pretends to be mad. Out of his imaginatio n, his old classmates and friends, even his lover, Ophelia, become Claudius’s accessories. In front of the evil reality, his humanism dream is destroyed completely. He even thinks about “to be or not to be”:To be, or not to be, that is the question:Whet her ‘tis nobler in the mind to sufferThe slings and arrows of outrageous fortune,Or to take arms against a sea of troublesAnd by opposing end them. To die---to sleep,No more; and by a sleep to say we endThe heartache and the thousand natural shocksTh at flesh is heir to: ‘tis a consummation Devoutly to be wish’d. To die, to sleep;To sleep, perchance to dream---ay, there’s the rub……(Hamlet, 152-180)B. The Failure of Hamlet’s TaskWhat Hamlet is able to do is to reveal the reality that the society is not reasonable and it must be changed, not how to solve such fundamental question; to move the crime existing in the world, not how to wipe out it. Because of the limitation of time and class, humanist does not have the ability which is needed to change the society, wipe out the social crime. It is one of the reasons that the reactionary force is powerful, because of which Hamlet fails to complete his task. Hamlet represents the few number of the advanced person emerging in the feudal society. The struggle between Hamlet and Claudius represents that between the newly emerged capital humanist and feudal reactionary force, which reflects the conflict between the advanced people and evil force in Renaissance. However, it is a complicated time, with the social crime of feudal force and the capital accumulation, it is a gloom time, and it is destined to fail for the advanced people.ConclusionWith abundant and vivid plots, Hamlet reveals an important thought: in the later of Renaissance, the central state power was stable, the system of government was charged by the King. The King abandoned the capitalist class, arbitrarily and dictatorially, he forcibly occupied all the benefit; in political, he went against the progressive measure, then the feudal force had the chance to state a comeback, all the country was filled with foul, and each trying to cheat the other. Under such background, the capital humanists were angry with it. All the ordinary people even could not bear the exploitation coming from the feudal and original accumulation, but they could do nothing to help themselves. Such phenomenon was just about which happened before the bourgeoisie revolutionary in 1645. Humanists had the thought to remove the unforgivable King and reverse the situation, but they fell into hesitation, because the responsibility for them was hard to complete.Taking the court of Denmark in the Middle Ages for the background, according to the story of Hamlet’s revenge for his father’s death, Hamlet describes the truth England and th e Europe society in the later Renaissance. It reveals the author’s self-questioning on Renaissance movement and his carelessness on people’s life and future. The Renaissance promotes Europe into the time human beings awakening. People’s belief to God began to shake, under the flag of “personality liberation”; it was the custom to do what you like to. For one side, people’s thought liberated, which promoted the development of the social civilization. In the other side, especially in the later of Renaissance, it was full of overflow of selfish desire and social’s confusion. Encountering such an enthusiasm and confused time, instead of the optimistic and romantic brought by the humanism, Shakespeare shows us the hidden danger which hided in the ideal and progress. It is destined to fail for humanists. Hamlet is the reflection of such social phenomena.AcknowledgementsI would like to take this opportunity to thank my tutor—Chen Shunjiang, who offers me academic and constructive advices on composing this paper. His encouragement and help are worthy of high acknowledgement. During the learning of my paper, Mr. Chen gives me much good and valuable advice on my course, and provides me many opportunities to do practice. Because of those opportunities, I can accumulate much practical experience and precious theories for this paper. In the process of composing this paper, he helps me correct this paper and make it more perfect.I would like to express my thanks to those who spend their time in reading my paper, and I will be grateful if you could give me your advice, and I will appreciate them very well. Because I know that will be beneficial and helpful in my life. Meanwhile, I’d like to say thanks to my dear friends, Tang Xuejin, Li Jiangtao, Shu Qing, and so on, who give my ideas in my work, so that I can complete my paper on time.I hope I can apply my knowledge to my practical job in the future, and make some achievements during my career.Bibliography[1] Bradley. A C. Lecture IV: Hamlet. London: Macmillan, 1922.[2] Cartwright Kent. Remembering Hamlet, University Park, Penn: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1991.[3] Michael Mangan. A Preface to Shakespeare’s Tragedy. Peking University Press, 2001.[4] William Shakespeare. Hamle, Prince of Denmar.. The Oxford Standard Authors Edition. 1601.[5] Zhang Longxi. Reading Shakespeare: Hamlet. Room G07, Lee Wai Chun Building, CUHK, 2003.[6] 黄源．外国文学史新编[M] ．浙江文艺出版社，1987．[7] 基托．哈姆雷特[M] ．北京：中国社会科学出版社，1981，P427-450．[8] 孟宪强．外国文学[M] ．河南：河南教育出版社，1988．[9] 施咸荣．借鉴与探讨——外国文学部分[M] ．北京：北京十月文艺出版社，1986．[10] 王守仁．英国文学选读（第二版）[M] ．北京：高等教育出版社，2005．[11] 王佐良等．欧洲文化入门[M] ．北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2005．[12] 杨周翰．莎士比亚评论汇篇[M] ．北京：中社会科学出版社，1981．[13] 张泗洋等．莎士比亚引论[M] ．北京：中国戏剧出版社，1989．[14] 朱维之等．外国文学简编第四版[M] ．中人民大学出版社，1999．[15] 朱生豪．莎士比亚全集[M] ．北京：人民文学出版社，1981．。
莎士比亚《哈姆雷特》中主人公性格悲剧解读
莎士比亚《哈姆雷特》中主人公性格悲剧解读莎士比亚的戏剧作品《哈姆雷特》是世界文学史上的经典之作，被誉为莎士比亚的杰作之一。
在这部戏剧中，主人公哈姆雷特是一个备受赞誉的角色，其性格与命运均备受人们的关注。
哈姆雷特是一个富有复杂性和多面性的角色，他的性格特点对整部戏剧的情节和发展起着至关重要的作用。
本文将对莎士比亚《哈姆雷特》中主人公性格悲剧进行解读，分析哈姆雷特的性格特点、悲剧命运及其原因，并对其性格给我们的启示进行探讨。
我们来分析一下哈姆雷特的性格特点。
哈姆雷特是一个充满矛盾的人物，他同时具有勇敢和犹豫、激进和犹豫的两面性。
在戏剧的开头，哈姆雷特展现出了令人钦佩的勇敢和果断。
他对父亲的死感到极度悲痛，但当鬼魂出现告诉他父亲是被毒杀而不是自然死亡时，他立即决定要为父亲报仇。
他表现出了极大的勇气和决心，但很快又陷入了犹豫和迟疑之中。
他开始怀疑鬼魂的真实性，对自己的行动不确定，因此陷入了一系列的思想斗争和内心挣扎之中。
这种犹豫和矛盾的性格特点，使得他的行为变得不可预测和复杂，也正是这一特点给整部戏剧的情节发展带来了许多曲折和转折。
我们来探讨一下哈姆雷特的悲剧命运及其原因。
哈姆雷特的悲剧命运从他的性格特点中得到了深刻的阐释。
他的犹豫和矛盾不仅影响了他自己的命运，也影响了他周围的人。
他无法坚定地执行自己的复仇计划，导致了一系列的灾难性结果。
他对奥菲利娅的感情与行为模式也是充满矛盾的，他既深爱着奥菲利亚，又采取了冷漠和冷淡的态度，使得奥菲利亚心灵受到了极大的伤害。
在与拉谢尔的决斗中，他虽然杀死了克劳狄斯，但也因误食了被毒的杯子水而丧生。
这一系列的悲剧事件均源于他性格中的犹豫不决和矛盾状态。
我们来思考一下哈姆雷特的性格给我们的启示。
哈姆雷特的性格特点展现了人性的复杂性和多面性，他同时具有了勇敢和犹豫、激进和犹豫的两面性。
他的悲剧命运也告诉我们，在做出决定时不要犹豫不决、变化无常，要有坚定的信念和果断的行动。
哈姆雷特也提醒我们要对自己的行为负责，不要让内心的挣扎和矛盾影响到他人的命运。
哈姆雷特命运与宿命的悲剧
哈姆雷特命运与宿命的悲剧哈姆雷特是威廉·莎士比亚的一部经典悲剧戏剧作品，通过主角哈姆雷特的故事，展现了命运与宿命的主题。
在剧中，哈姆雷特感受到了命运的无情和宿命的限制，这最终导致了他的悲剧结局。
一、命运的无情在哈姆雷特的故事中，我们可以看到命运的无情。
哈姆雷特作为丹麦王子，本应继承王位，过上幸福快乐的生活。
然而，他却被卷入了一系列的悲剧事件，命运对他进行了无情的考验。
首先，哈姆雷特的父亲遭到谋杀，而他的叔叔克劳狄斯篡夺了王位。
这个不公正的局面使得哈姆雷特深陷困境，他不仅要处理家庭矛盾，还要承受被剥夺权利的痛苦。
其次，哈姆雷特的母亲忽视了父亲的死亡，很快就和克劳狄斯结婚。
这对哈姆雷特来说无疑是一个沉重的打击，他对母亲的背叛感到绝望和愤怒。
命运让他在家庭关系中承受了巨大的痛苦。
最后，哈姆雷特遇到了奥菲莉亚的悲剧。
奥菲莉亚是他的心上人，但她却因为父亲的死亡和她自身的精神崩溃而自杀。
哈姆雷特无法接受这一事实，他在命运的捉弄下失去了摯愛，進一步陷入了绝望。
二、宿命的限制除了命运的无情，宿命的限制也是哈姆雷特悲剧的重要元素。
在剧中，哈姆雷特觉得自己被宿命束缚，无法逃脱。
首先，哈姆雷特被揭示了一个来自鬼魂的真相，他的父亲被克劳狄斯谋杀。
在这个瞬间，哈姆雷特被宿命的厄运所笼罩，他感觉自己被推到了复仇的道路上，无法违背宿命的安排。
其次，哈姆雷特面临着复仇之路上的重重考验和困境。
他必须找到证据，揭露克劳狄斯的罪行。
然而，他的行动和思绪却受到宿命的限制，他不断陷入迟疑和焦虑的状态。
最后，哈姆雷特在戏剧结局中面临了他自己的悲惨命运。
在最后决斗中，他与克劳狄斯同时中剧毒，成为致命的牺牲品。
宿命注定了哈姆雷特的悲剧命运，无论他如何努力，都无法改变自己的命运。
结论通过对哈姆雷特的命运与宿命的探讨，我们可以看到命运和宿命在悲剧中的力量。
哈姆雷特的故事告诉我们，命运是无情的，宿命是限制的。
尽管哈姆雷特试图抗争，但最终还是无法改变自己的命运。
莎士比亚《哈姆雷特》中主人公性格悲剧解读
莎士比亚《哈姆雷特》中主人公性格悲剧解读莎士比亚的《哈姆雷特》是世界文学史上最伟大的悲剧之一，而其中的主人公哈姆雷特更是备受人们关注和思考的对象。
哈姆雷特的性格在整部戏剧中扮演着至关重要的角色，他的矛盾、犹豫、痛苦和悲剧命运都让人深思。
在本文中，将对哈姆雷特的性格进行深入解读，探讨他的悲剧性格是如何造成他的命运的。
哈姆雷特的性格犹豫不决。
在整个故事中，哈姆雷特表现出了极端的犹豫不决和矛盾的性格。
他在担任国王时的态度和行为，如何处理他父亲被谋杀的事件，以及对自己的爱情和亲人的态度都表现出了他内心深处的犹豫。
这种犹豫不决的性格使得他在面对各种问题和困境时常常踌躇不前，进而导致他错失了许多机会，甚至最终走上了悲剧的道路。
这种性格的犹豫和矛盾在某种程度上反映了他内心深处的挣扎和痛苦，同时也是他悲剧性格的一个重要组成部分。
哈姆雷特的性格执着固执。
尽管哈姆雷特在面对许多问题时表现出了犹豫和矛盾，但他在某些事情上又表现出了执着和固执。
在得知父亲被谋杀后，他决定要报仇，并且不惜一切代价。
在追求奥菲莉娅时，他也表现出了执着的一面，尽管结果并不如他所愿。
这种执着固执的性格使得他在一些问题上变得决绝和坚定，但同时也使得他在另一些问题上陷入了犹豫和混乱之中。
这种性格的矛盾和冲突，不仅给他自己带来了痛苦和困惑，也成为了他悲剧性格的重要构成部分。
哈姆雷特的性格敏感多疑。
在整个故事中，哈姆雷特表现出了极度的敏感和多疑，对他人的行为和动机总是怀疑和揣测。
他对克劳狄斯的猜疑和对奥菲莉娅的猜疑，都表现出了他的敏感和多疑。
这种敏感多疑的性格使得他对周围的人和事产生了极大的困扰和痛苦，同时也使得他的生活充满了挣扎和不安。
这种性格的敏感和多疑，使得他在整个故事中一直处于一种扭曲和痛苦的状态，最终也成为了他悲剧性格的一个重要特征。
哈姆雷特的性格忧郁孤独。
整个戏剧中，哈姆雷特都表现出了极度的忧郁和孤独。
他对生活和世界的观察总是充满了悲观和忧郁，对自己的命运也总是感到寂寞和孤独。
《哈姆雷特》悲剧原因的分析
130《哈姆雷特》悲剧原因的分析曾嘉懿 娄底三中摘要：《哈姆雷特》是英国著名戏剧家莎士比亚在文艺复兴所创作的一部典型的西方戏剧，同时也是莎士比亚四大悲剧之一，通过对《哈姆雷特》这部作品的阅读与思考，人们都能够切实的感受到其中强烈的悲剧色彩，但对于造成这些悲剧的原因，一直以来却都有着很多不同的解释。
为此，本文对《哈姆雷特》这部悲剧作品的内容与创作背景入手，对其悲剧的原因展开了分析，并提出了一些自己的见解。
关键词：哈姆雷特；悲剧；莎士比亚戏剧《哈姆雷特》完成于十七世纪初的英国文艺复兴时期，其创作过程历时三年，篇幅也是莎士比亚所有戏剧作品中最长的一部，全书以中世纪丹麦王廷为背景，主要讲述了作为王子的主角哈姆雷特在父亲被叔父谋害后，调查凶手并展开复仇的故事，因而又名《王子复仇记》。
该剧对文艺复兴晚期的欧洲社会进行了真实再现，同时也体现了莎士比亚对于人类命运的思考，是一部具有深刻悲剧意义的西方文学作品。
一、时代特征铸就的悲剧纵观《哈姆雷特》全剧，莎士比亚虽然将主人公哈姆雷特为父报仇的历程作为了剧情主线，但在主线剧情逐步展开的过程中，也同样向读者展现了中世纪阶段动荡不安的欧洲社会，以及淫乱、黑暗的丹麦宫廷，而这个“混乱”的时代，则恰恰是铸就剧中一个又一个悲剧的主要原因[1]。
身为王子的哈姆雷特深受文艺复兴时期的人文主义思想影响，崇尚自由以及人性解放，在他的眼中，人性的光辉就仿佛是“宇宙的净化”，是那样的神圣，同时无论是人本身，还是由人组成的社会，都应该是和谐而美好的。
然而在这个黑暗的时代，理想与现实往往相去甚远，他渴望纯洁的爱情，与美丽而纯真的姑娘奥菲莉亚坠入了爱河，但现实却告诉他，要想为父亲报仇，奥菲莉亚只能成为复仇计划中的一部分；他向往着亲密的友情，但他的同学罗生克兰与盖登思邓且成为了杀父仇人克劳狄斯的爪牙；在他的印象里，母亲是美丽而又慈祥的，但在奔丧归来后他却发现，父亲尸骨未寒，而母亲已经改嫁成为了克劳狄斯的女人。
浅析哈姆雷特的悲剧成因
浅析哈姆雷特的悲剧成因摘要：哈姆雷特最终未能傲然挺立,其悲剧根本原因在于阶级和宗教的烙印，而人文主义者自身的弱点，也是导致其悲剧的又一原因关键词：哈姆雷特悲剧文艺复兴人文主义文艺复兴作为欧洲近代文学的开端,揭示了一个新时代的到来。
灿若群星的作家中,莎士比亚不愧为世界第一流文学大师。
莎士比亚的艺术实践扎根文艺复兴的土壤。
时代的巨大变革,社会的急剧变化,新兴资产阶级的生气勃勃与冒险精神以及崭新的生产力极大地开拓了人们的视野,在尚未脱尽封建胎记的人们身上激起的新鲜感与进取心,使人文主义的崇高理想和现实之间呈现无法填补的深深裂痕。
面对这样的现实,莎士比亚用生花之笔重鸣叠奏,以不可抗拒的魅力拨动着人们的心弦。
《哈姆雷特》创作于1601-1602年,是莎士比亚的代表作。
剧本内容博大精深,艺术上独具特色。
三个多世纪来,为《哈姆雷特》所写的论文可谓“汗牛充栋”。
但对于哈姆雷特的悲剧成因始终没有一个系统的说法。
本文愿就导致这位王子最终未能傲然挺立的原由,提出一些粗浅的个人看法。
一首先,阶级和宗教的烙印是导致哈姆雷特悲剧发生的最根本的原因。
《哈姆雷特》写的是丹麦王子哈姆雷特为父复仇的故事。
主人公哈姆雷特不仅出身贵族,而目是贵族当‘外的二尊一丹麦’。
这个呜鱼族的花朵、“国家所瞩望的娇花”,（1）在国王的直接庇护下成长起来,在他身上同时展示出来的是正义与皇室尊严的概念,善良与纯正的感情以及出身贵宵的自我意识。
他和贵族最上层的这种血缘关系,以及他在威登堡求学之前的宫庭生活经历,不仅决定了他和整个封建朝廷不可能发生什么敌我矛盾,而且会消蚀他对封建社会罪恶的感触力,甚至有可能和封建罪恶融为一体。
历来的许多评论家,对于哈姆雷特迟迟不采取实际行动这一点众说纷纭,莫衷一是。
认为他优柔寡断,犹豫不决者有之认为他深思熟虑,谨小慎微者有之。
但都过于从性格的角度来分析,而忽视了人物的阶级印迹。
在老王哈姆雷特未死之前,我们的这位王子是娇嫩而高贵的。
《哈姆雷特》的复仇悲剧与人性分析
哈姆雷特的复仇悲剧与人性分析介绍《哈姆雷特》是莎士比亚的一部经典戏剧作品，被誉为世界文学史上最伟大的作品之一。
这部戏剧以复仇悲剧为题材，同时也深入探索了人性的各个层面和矛盾。
复仇悲剧复仇悲剧作品通常以主人公对某种冒犯或不公正行为进行报复为主题。
《哈姆雷特》中，主角哈姆雷特遭到父亲国王的谋杀，并且母后迅速嫁给了凶手克劳迪斯。
这引发了哈姆雷特的愤怒和欲望，他决定通过复仇来伸张正义。
整个故事围绕着哈姆雷特如何实施复仇展开。
哈姆雷特与人性《哈姆雷特》通过描绘主角哈姆雷特及其他人物的言行举止，展示了多种不同的人性面貌。
以下是一些关键的人性分析：纠结与犹豫哈姆雷特是一个深思熟虑的人，总是在内心与自己进行严苛的辩论。
他对复仇行为持有道德上的顾虑，并被自己内心的犹豫所困扰。
这种纠结使得哈姆雷特难以付诸行动，导致了戏剧剧情的推进。
疯狂与假象哈姆雷特一度采取了疯狂和假象的方式来掩饰自己对克劳迪斯的怀疑和愤怒。
他装模作样地表现出精神错乱，通过此举来揭露克劳迪斯等人之间密谋的真相。
欺骗与背叛除了主角哈姆雷特外，其他人物也展现了欺骗与背叛的人性一面。
国王克劳迪斯策划将哈姆雷特杀害，并与女主角欲娜共谋掩盖真相。
这些行为揭示了权力、欲望和背叛对人性产生的影响。
苦闷与绝望《哈姆雷特》中延伸出许多关于生命和死亡、意义和虚无等哲学问题，使得人物们普遍感到苦闷和绝望。
哈姆雷特尤其是在"生还是死去，这是一个问题"的著名独白中表达了他内心的矛盾和困惑。
结论《哈姆雷特》以复仇悲剧为主题，深入分析了人性的各个层面和矛盾。
通过展示纠结与犹豫、疯狂与假象、欺骗与背叛以及苦闷与绝望等方面的人性特点，该剧带领观众思考关于正义、道德和生命意义等重大话题。
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综合作品论述哈姆雷特悲剧实质与原因
《哈姆雷特》是莎士比亚最著名的戏剧之一，被普遍认为是世界文学的经典之作。
该剧探讨了复仇、爱情、家族关系以及个人认识和行动的道德困境等多个主题。
《哈姆雷特》的悲剧实质可以从以下几个方面进行论述：
1. 内心冲突与犹豫不决：主人公哈姆雷特面对父亲的死和母亲与叔父的婚姻，内心充满矛盾与痛苦。
他犹豫不决，无法迅速行动，这种矛盾与犹豫最终导致了悲剧的发生。
2. 外在干扰与阴谋：剧中有多个角色在进行复仇与权谋的计划，他们通过欺骗、暗杀等手段，不断向哈姆雷特施加压力。
这些外在干扰也加剧了哈姆雷特的困境。
3. 人性的弱点与缺陷：哈姆雷特身上显现了多个人性的弱点，如犹豫不决、怀疑、嫉妒等。
这些弱点使得他在面对复仇时陷入困境，无法做出明智的选择。
4. 命运与悲剧的注定：无论哈姆雷特的选择如何，似乎都注定了悲剧的发生。
剧中多次提到命运的力量与牵引，这也使得悲剧的产生显得不可避免。
总之，哈姆雷特悲剧的实质与原因是多方面的，既包括个人内心的困惑与犹豫，也包括外在的阴谋与干扰，以及人性的弱点与命运的力量。
这些因素交织在一起，最终导致了悲剧的发生。