文学及哲学类英语词汇

英语分类词汇：文学相关词汇classical literature 古典文学contemporary literature 现代文学popular literature 大众文学light literature 通俗文学folklore 民间文学saga (river) novel 长篇小说short novel, long short story 中篇小说short story 短篇小说love story 爱情小说deterctive story 侦破小说mystery story 怪诞小说whodunit 推理小说humorous story 幽默小说historical novel 历史小说essay 随笔book of travels 游记reportage 报告文学criticism 评论best seller 畅销书anthology 选集the complete works(of) 全集edition, printing 版masterpiece 杰作copyright 版权, 著作权deluxe binding 精装flat stitching 平装smyth sewed 线装humanities 人文学科writer 作家book 书volume 卷theatre 戏剧(美作:theater)drama 话剧comedy 喜剧tragedy 悲剧farce 滑稽剧play 剧本the three unities 三一律(一个情节,一个地点,一个时间)playwright 编剧act 幕scene 场plot 情节intrigue 错综复杂的剧情story 故事episode 逸事ending, denouement 结局poetry 诗歌poet 诗人poem 诗epic poetry 史诗epopee 叙事诗ode 颂歌sonnet 十四行诗verse, stanza (诗)节line (诗)行rhyme 韵脚,押韵metrics 韵律学,格律学prose 散文novel 小说biography 自传allegory 寓言science fiction 科幻,科学幻想小说satire 讽刺诗essay 杂文composition 学术著作rhetoric 修辞学oratory 讲演术declamation 朗诵技巧improvisation 即席讲演criticism 批判主义critic 批评家wit 才智,创作才能eloquence 文才lyricism 抒情性流行书站英语分类词汇：哲学相关词汇感性Sensibility知性Understanding理性Reason认识论theory of cognition先天综合判断a priori synthetic judgment物自体thing-in-itself先验感性论Transcendental Aesthetic感性论Aesthetic直观intuition感觉sensation经验性的直观empirical intuition纯粹的直观pure intuition形而上学；玄学metaphysics质料matter形式form先验逻辑Transcendental logic先验分析论Transcendental analytic先验辩证论Transcendental dialectic纯粹的知性概念pure concepts of the understanding原则的能力faculty of principles规则的能力faculty of rules先验幻相Transcendental illusion宇宙论cosmology二律背反antinomy善的意志good will道德律令moral command至善summum bonum崇高sublime反思判断judgment of reflection[唯]意志论Voluntarism一般陶冶general culture七艺{文法、逻辑、修辞、音乐、算数、几何、天文} Seven liberal arts人本主义；人文主义humanism人本教育；人文教育humanistic education三科{文法、逻辑、修辞} trivium下意识subconsciousness士气morale大修道院学校abbey school大礼堂auditorium女生训导{史} Dean of women女修道院convent女校友alumna 工艺教育arts and crafts education; industrial arts education工艺学校arts and crafts school中古教育；中世纪教育medieval education中央学校{十九世纪初期英国国教派创设的基础学校} central school五项运动{奥运比赛项目} pentathlon公民教育Citizenship education; Education for citizenship公民德行civic virtue反省；反思reflection反省[后]行为reflective behavior反省思考reflective thought天主教教学法catholic pedagogy文化；修养culture文化教育cultural education文化教育学Culture pedagogy文字主义；字句主义verbalism方法论methodology主教座堂学校；圣公会学校Cathedral school; Episcopal school主教学校Bishop's school主智教育；主知教育Intellectualistic education 主智论；主知论Intellectualism主意教育voluntaristic education兄弟会{美国大学男生社团} fraternity可陶冶性；可塑性figurability古典主义Classicism古典语文｛古希腊文、拉丁文｝classical language 古典学科classical course古典学校；古典学派classical school四目{音乐、算数、几何、天文} quadrivium本性original nature母性maternity母道；母仪mothercraft母语mother language; mother tongue民本教育democratic education民族主义nationalism民族主义教育nationalistic education目的论teleology先天观念innate idea同情sympathy合理化[作用] rationalization回教教育；伊斯兰教育Mohammedan education [= Islamic education]自由意志free will自然主义naturalism自然主义教育naturalistic education自然趋势natural tendency自然惩罚natural punishment判断judgment助理教师assistant teacher助理教授assistant professor形式陶冶；形式训练formal culture [= formal discipline]批判分数critical score批判教育学Critical pedagogy批评课criticism lesson男生训导{史} Dean of men男生通勤学校{英，相对于寄宿学校} boy's day school系统教育学Systematic pedagogy良心conscience儿童之家children's home儿童文学children's literature儿童指导所Child-guidance clinic儿童学Paidology; Paedology夜校{英} moonlight school姊妹会{美国大学女生社团} sorority性格；品格character拉丁文法学校{英、美} Latin grammar school 泛爱主义philanthropism泛爱主义教育philanthropic education泛爱学校philanthropic school社会化socialization社会主义Socialism社会主义教育socialistic education社会学Sociology初民教育primitive education初级教义问答学校；天主教望教友要理班Catechumenal school非教派学校undenominational school品格培养character building; formation of character品格教育character education品格测验character test品格评比character rating品格诊断；品性诊断character diagnosis建教制度{就学与工作时间可轮替之制度} alternating plan; alternating system思考thinking 施济学校{英国中世纪时期修道院的慈善学校} almonry school柔性教育soft education查经班Bible class相属原则Principle of belonging美育aesthetic education美育[教]学esthetic pedagogy美感aesthetic feeling美感判断esthetic judgment美学aesthetics; esthetics军国主义；黩武思想；军国民主义militarism 重述要旨；简述大意recapitulation音乐学校conservatory; music school个人主义individualism修女学校nunnery school修道院cloister修道院教育monastic education修道院学校monastery school; monastic school; cloister school修辞学校rhetorical school伦理教育ethical education伦理学Ethics原理；原则principle原创性originality哲学的教育学philosophical pedagogy宫廷学校Court school; Palace school校友alumnus; alumni {pl.}校友会alumni association校风school ethos格言；行为准则maxim气质temperament消极训练negative discipline消极教育negative education消极适应negative adaptation神学校Theological seminary神学院divinity school; theological college; theological seminary神学教育theological education纯粹科学pure science虔敬主义pietism高级教义问答学校；天主教进阶要理班Catechetical school副校长assistant principal副教授associate professor唱诗学校Choir school问答法question and answer method唯物论materialism唯实主义教育realistic education唯实论；实在论realism国家教育；民族教育national education基督宗教教育Christian education专业道德；专业伦理[学] professional ethics情感[作用]；感情affection情操sentiment推论；推理inference [= reasoning]教生{英国17世纪中叶用法}；实习教师{英国现行用法} student-teacher; trainee teacher教育工作者educator教育可能性possibility of education教育史History of education教育决定论educational determinism教育委员{十九世纪英国中央层级的教育委员，负责对各级教育的视导} commissioner on education 教育哲学Educational philosophy; Philosophy of education教育价值educational value教育学家；教育学者educationalist; educationist 教育历程educational process教派学校{基督宗教} denominational school; sectarian school教区学校parish school; parochial school教规；训诫precept教会教育Church education; Missionary education教会学校Mission school教义问答教学法{要理问答教学法} catechetic; catechism; catechetic method教仆{古希腊}；教育学者pedagogue启蒙运动Enlightenment; The enlightenment理性；理由reason理性教育rational education理性论；理性主义rationalism理想ideal理论教育学theoretical pedagogy现代语文；现代外语{相对于古典语文} modern languages毕业式commencement移动学校{美国初期为解决郊区学子就学问题所提供教师至该区巡回教育的措施} moving school规范科学{相对于实证科学} normative science通艺学科；博艺学科liberal arts陆军学校army school 陶冶；教化cultivation陶治；教育{德} bildung博士论文Doctoral dissertation; Doctorate dissertation博士学位Doctorate; Doctor's degree; Doctoral degree博雅教育liberal education发生法genetic method象征主义symbolism进化论派教育学Evolutionistic pedagogy进步主义教育progressive education传记法biographical method奥林匹克运动会{奥运} Olympian ; Olympic ; Olympic games意志will意志教育education of will意识consciousness意识流streams of consciousness慈善学校charity school感官训练sense training感官唯实论sense realism感官教育sense education感官陶冶sense culture感情；感受；情感feeling爱国主义；爱国情操patriotism新人本主义；新人文主义neohumanism新教育New education新教学校Protestant school暗示suggestion暗示感受性suggestibility暗示诘问suggestive questioning溯因考察causal investigation禁闭confinement punishment禁欲主义Asceticism经院主义；士林哲学Scholasticism经院学者；士林哲学家Scholastic经验教育学Empirical pedagogy经验论；经验主义Empiricism圣经学校Bible school资讯；知识information [=knowledge]运动员风度；运动家精神sportsmanship道德morality道德教育moral education道德教学moral instruction顿悟；洞悟；洞见；洞察insight实用主义pragmatism实质训练material discipline实质陶冶material culture对话法dialogistical method歌咏团glee club演绎法deductive method种族差异race difference罚则penalty schedule诵读学校；阅读学校{中世纪以来的基础识字教育} reading school俭约教育thrift education剑桥制{1839年美国麻州剑桥地区允许资赋优异小学生修读两年即可跳级毕业的措施} Cambridge plan审美aesthetic appreciation模范课model lesson模范学校model school论理次序；逻辑次序logical order论理学；逻辑；理哲学Logic养育{后天教养，与nature相对} nurture学士Bachelor学士学位Bachelors' degree学位巾academic hood学位帽mortar-board学府{古希腊}；大学区{法}；中学{英、美旧制}；学术性质之会社；军事院校academy学者；学生{英} scholar学科轮替制alternation of studies学徒；艺徒apprentice学徒制apprentice ship system; apprentice system学徒教育apprentice ship education学徒学校apprentice school学校；学派school学校志chronicle of school学院袍academic gown导生{英} monitor导生分组制monitorial-group plan导生制{史} monitorial system导生学校monitor school积极教育positive education应用科学applied science矫正院；感化院House of correction斋舍制{英国公学制度} house system归纳法inductive method骑士教育chivalric education惩罚penalty; punishment 艺术教育art education; artistic education续学运动back-to-the-school movement辩证法dialectic; dialectics观念idea观念论{知识论}；唯心论{形上学}；理想主义{伦理学} idealism陶冶；教化cultivation陶治；教育{德}bildung博士论文Doctoraldissertation Doctoratedissertation博士学位Doctorate Doctor'sdegree Doctoraldegree博雅教育liberaleducation发生法geneticmethod象征主义symbolism进化论派教育学Evolutionisticpedagogy进步主义教育progressiveeducation传记法biographicalmethod奥林匹克运动会{奥运}Olympian Olympic Olympicgames意志will意志教育educationofwill意识consciousness意识流streamsofconsciousness慈善学校charityschool感官训练sensetrainin感官唯实论senserealism感官教育senseeducation感官陶冶senseculture感情；感受；情感feeling爱国主义；爱国情操patriotism新人本主义；新人文主义neohumanism新教育Neweducation新教学校Protestantschool暗示suggestion暗示感受性suggestibility暗示诘问suggestivequestioning溯因考察causalinvestigation禁闭confinementpunishment禁欲主义Asceticism经院主义；士林哲学Scholasticism经院学者；士林哲学家Scholastic经验教育学Empiricalpedagogy经验论；经验主义Empiricism圣经学校Bibleschool资讯；知识information=knowledge运动员风度；运动家精神sportsmanship道德morality道德教育moraleducation道德教学moralinstruction顿悟；洞悟；洞见；洞察insight实用主义pragmatism实质训练materialdiscipline实质陶冶materialculture对话法dialogisticalmethod歌咏团gleeclub演绎法deductivemethod种族差异racedifference罚则penaltyschedule诵读学校；阅读学校{中世纪以来的基础识字教育}readingschool俭约教育thrifteducation剑桥制{1839年美国麻州剑桥地区允许资赋优异小学生修读两年即可跳级毕业的措施}Cambridgeplan审美aestheticappreciation模范课modellesson模范学校modelschool论理次序；逻辑次序logicalorder论理学；逻辑；理哲学Logic养育{后天教养，与nature相对}nurture学士Bachelor学士学位Bachelors'degree学位巾academichood学位帽mortar-board学府{古希腊}；大学区{法}；中学{英、美旧制}；学术性质之会社；军事院校academy学者；学生{英}scholar学科轮替制alternationofstudies学徒；艺徒apprentice学徒制apprenticeshipsystem apprenticesystem 学徒教育apprenticeshipeducation学徒学校apprenticeschool学校；学派school学校志chronicleofschool学院袍academicgown导生{英}monitor导生分组制monitorial-groupplan导生制{史}monitorialsystem导生学校monitorschool积极教育positiveeducation 应用科学appliedscience矫正院；感化院Houseofcorrection斋舍制{英国公学制度}housesystem归纳法inductivemethod骑士教育chivalriceducation惩罚penalty punishment艺术教育arteducation artisticeducation续学运动back-to-the-schoolmovement辩证法dialectic dialectics观念idea观念论{知识论}；唯心论{形上学}；理想主义{伦理学}idealismad hoc hypothesis 特设性假说naive realism 朴素实在论anomaly 反常negative heuristic 反面启发法auxiliary assumption 辅助假定non-normal science 非常规科学auxiliary hypothesis 辅助假说non-science 非科学basic statement 基本陈述normal science 常规科学behaviourism 行为主义object language 对象语言conceptual framework 概念框架objectivism 客观主义confirm 确证observational statement 观察陈述confirmation 确证operativism 操作主义conjecture 推测panpsychism 泛心论conventionalism 约定论parallelism 平行论conversion 改宗、改变信仰paradigm 规范corroborate 确认corroboration 确认perceptual experience 知觉经验physicalism 物理主义counter-induction 反归纳pluralism 多元论critical rationalism 批判理性主义pluralistic realism 多元实在论critical realism 批判实在论positive heuristic 正面启发法critical thought 批判思维positivism 实证主义crucial experiment 判决性实验potential falsifier 潜在证伪者deduction 演绎、演绎法prescience 前科学degree of corroboration 确认度principle of induction 归纳原理determinism 决定论principle of proliferation 扩散原理dogmatic thought 教条思维principle of tenacity 靭性原理demarcation 分界principle of transference 传递原理disposition 素质、倾向problem of induction 归纳问题downward causation 下向因果性problem shift 问题转换emergence 突现problem situation 问题状况epiphenomenalism 附带现象论proof 证明epistemological anarchy 认识论无政府状态propensity 倾向性epistemology 认识论pseudo-science 类科学、伪科学error-elimination 除错psychologism 心理主义essentialism 本质论radical instrumentalism 激进工具主义explanation 解释rationlism 理性主义fallibilism 易谬主义rationality 理性fallibility 易谬性realism 实在论falsifiability 可证伪性reality 实在falsification 证伪reductionism 还原论falsificationism 证伪主义refutability 可反驳的falsify 证伪refutation 反驳falsity content 虚假性内容research programme 研究纲领first world 第一世界second world 第二世界formal language 形式语言simplicity 简单性gestalt switch 格式塔转换singular statement 单称陈述improbablity 不可几性sophisticated falsificationism 精致的证伪主义irrationalism 非理性主义subjectioism 主观主义guess 猜测tentative theory 试验性理论heuristic 启发法test 检验hypothesis 假说testability 可检验性indeterminism 非决定论theory-laden 渗透理论induction 归纳、归纳法third world 第三世界inductionism 归纳主义thought experiment 思想实验initial condition 初始条件trial and error 试错法instant rationality 即时理性truth content 真理性内容instrumentalism 工具主义universal statement 全称陈述interactionism 相互作用论upward causation 上向因果性irrefutability 不可反驳性verifiability 可证实的justification 证明verification 证实justify 证明verify 证实justificationism 证明主义verisimilitude 逼真性logical positivism 逻辑实证主义world 1 世界1macrologic 宏观逻辑world 2 世界2mentalism 精神主义world 3 世界3metalanguage 元语言metascience 元科学metatheory 元理论micrologic 微观逻辑naive falsificationism 朴素证伪主义naive instrumentalism 朴素工具主义。