心电图查询手册--中英文

SHARCHIP Method ——S ——standardization H ——heart rate A ——axis R ——rhythm C ——conduction H ——hypertrophyI ——ischemic&infarction P ——previous ECGSHARCHIP方法—— S ——标准化 H ——心率 A ——心电轴 R ——节律 C ——传导 H ——肥大I ——缺血&梗死 P ——比较之前ECG***********************************************************************************************① standardizationVertically ：10mm=1mV Horizontal ： 25mm=1s① 标准化纵向：10mm=1mV 走纸：25mm=1s② heart rate=300 / large time units =1500/ small time unitsTachycardia (>90 bpm) Bradycardia (<50 bpm) ② 心率=300/大格数=1500/小格数心动过速(>90 bpm) 心动过缓(<50 bpm) ③axisL-axis deviation: <- 30°I is mostly positive & III is mostly negative R-axis deviation: > 100°I is mostly negative& III is mostly positive③电轴左偏：<- 30°I III ：口对口，向左走右偏：> 100°I III ：尖对尖，向右偏 ④rhythm （4Q ） Pacemaker?normal P : sinus rhythm ab. P, narrow QRS ：atrial r. no P, narrow QRS ：junctional r. no P, wide QRS ：ventricular r.Normal /Tachycardia/Bradycardia? Active or passive(escape) Any Additional ？ ④节律（4问） 起搏点？正常心率/心动过速/心动过缓? 有无逸搏？ 附加节律？Common arrhythmiasatrial flutter:1 zigzag F waves replace P wave2 A/V (F/QRS) is proportionaatrial fibrillation:1 Irregular f waves2 RR interval absolutely irregular PSVT:（…）ventricular flutter:1 regular big wave (200-250bpm) ventricular fibrillation:1 irregular small waves (200-500bpm) VT:（…）Premature atrial contraction(PAC):1 premature P’wave,2 normal QRS,3 imcomplete compensatory pause Premature junctional contraction:1 antidromic P’wave2 normal QRS3 complete compensatory pause. Premature Ventricular Cont. (PVC):1 no P wave2 wide QRS (T is converse with QRS)3 complete compensatory pause 常见心律异常房扑:1锯齿状F波代替P波2固定房室比房颤:1 颤动f波代替P波2心室律绝对不齐阵发性室上速:(略)室扑:大震幅波动(200-250bpm)室颤:大小不等的低小波(200-500bpm) 室速:（略）房性早搏:异位P’窄QRS不完全代偿间歇交界性早搏:逆P’窄QRS完全代偿间歇室性早搏:无P宽大畸形QRS(T波反向)完全代偿间歇⑤conductionA VBPP Intervals RR Intervals1°SAB Invariant(prolonged PR Intervals) 2°SABType I invariant Wenckebach ph.Type II invariant RR pause=2RR3°SAB(Complete) invariant Escape rhythmLBBB:left side leads: incisure on wide R right side leads: wide S wave,reverse ST-T RBBB:right side leads: remarkable rsR`left side leads: wide S wave,reverse ST-TLAFB:Left-deviation axisrS inⅡ、Ⅲ、aVF(SⅡ< SⅢ)qR inⅠ、aVL(RⅠ< R aVL)narrow QRSLPFB:right-deviation axisrS inⅠ、aVLqR inⅡ、Ⅲ、aVF(RⅡ< RⅢ) narrow QRSWPW Pre-excitation syndrome short PRwide QRSslurring of the initial part of the QRS (Δ) Secondary ST-T changes 完左：左侧导联:宽R带切迹(型),失q 右侧导联: rS /QS型(宽S)，ST-T与QRS主波反向完右：右侧电联：rsR’ ( 型)左侧导联: rS /QS型(宽S)，ST-T与QRS主波反向左前分支阻滞：电轴左偏（-45~ -90°）下壁导联rS型，S III>S II左侧导联呈qR型，RⅠ< R aVLQRS不增宽左后分支阻滞：电轴右偏(>110°)左侧导联呈rS型下壁导联qR型，RⅡ< RⅢQRS不增宽W-P-W预激综合征：短PR间期QRS增宽起始部粗钝（附加Δ波）继发ST-T改变⑥HypertrophyLA Hypertrophy:duration of P wave > 3 mm (m-shape) RA Hypertrophy:amplitude of P wave > 2 mmLV Hypertrophy：left-deviation axis counterclockwise rotationRV Hypertrophy：right-deviation axisclockwise rotation ⑥房室肥大左房大：M型宽P波右房大：高尖P波左室大：电轴左偏逆钟转位RV5或RV6 >2.5mVRV5+SV1 > 4.0mV(男)/3.5 mV (女)右室大：电轴右偏顺钟转位RV1+SV5>1.05mV (重者>1.2mV)⑦ischemic & infarctionV1-V3：anteroseptal wallV3-V5：anterior wallV5, V6, aVL：lateral wallI, aVL：high lateral wallV1-V5: extensive anterior wall V8, V9：posterior wallII, III, aVF：inferior wall V3R-V6R：right ventricular ⑧previous (comparison) ⑦心肌缺血V1-V3：前间壁V3-V5：前壁V5, V6, aVL：侧壁I, aVL：高侧壁V1-V5：广泛前壁V8, V9：正后壁II, III, aVF：下壁V3R-V6R：右室⑧比较既往心电图Normal range horizontal VerticalP wave <3 mm <2.5 mm in E-leads<2.0 mm in C-leadsPR intervals 3-5 mmQRS complex <3 mm ≥5 mm in E-leads≥8 mm in C-leadsQ wave <1 mm <1/4RR wave <1.5 mmS waveST segment-0.5~ 1.0 mmT wave≥ 1/10 QRSQT intervals QTc: 8-11 mmQTc=QT/√RRU wavePE:an S1Q3T3 patternsinus tachycardiaRBBBI ：prominent S waveIII ：a Q wave and inverted T waveV1 - V3 ：inverseT waveHypokalaemia:ST segment depression,low amplitude T waves,and prominent U wavesHyperkalaemia:small or absent P wavesAFVFwide QRSshortened or absent STwide, tall and tented T wavesPUMC kyanite。