2019高考英语语法复习专题精讲精练 介词和介词短语
高考全攻略高中英语语法专题介词和介词短语

高考全攻略高中英语语法专题介词和介词短语考点详情高考频度:★★★★★【命题解读】介词在英语中比较活跃,然而在高考中直接考查介词的题不是很多,但是介词却是考生最容易犯错误的语法项目之一。
【命题预测】高考对介词的考查将不再局限于单个介词,将会更加注重对介词固定搭配中的介词的考查,精细化考查介词短语的辨析。
在学习介词时,应重点掌握介词的基本用法,同时注意总结其与名词、形容词、副词、动词等搭配构成的短语的意思和用法。
【复习建议】1. 掌握介词的常见用法及易混介词的辨析;2. 掌握介词与其他词所构成的一些固定短语;3. 掌握在定语从句中介词的使用情况。
介词的分类考向①介词短语的功能介词不能独立在句中做成份,介词后必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成分,表示人、物、事件等与其它人、物、事件等之间的关系。
介词短语的功能例句作定语They didn’t find the solution to the problem.作状语We have breakfast at seven.(表时间)They were late for the meeting because of the heavy rain.(表原因)What do you mean by doing such a thing?(表方法)Nothing in the world could live without air or water.(表条件)作表语When I paid a visit to you yesterday, you were not at home.作宾语补足语I found the old building in a bad condition.考向②常考介词的辨析介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一,使用频率相当高,其用法跟冠词一样复杂。
但根据近年来高考命题的情况来看,考生需要掌握以下内容。
1.表示相同或相似概念的介词(短语)的区别表示的概念介词(短语)区别例时间inonatat在一个时间点上;in在一段的时间之内;on在具体日子。
高考英语一轮复习:介词和介词短语

介词和介词短语(Prepositions)重点用法①介词的种类1.根据形式可以将介词分为简单介词(如in,on,for等)、合成介词(如inside,without等)、双重介词(from behind,from among等)、动词-ing形式的介词(如including,regarding等)和短语介词(如in front of,out of等)。
根据意义可将介词分为表示时间、场所、方向等的介词,介词在句中不能独立做成分。
2.表示时间的介词after在……之后before在……之前around大约……at在……时by到……为止in在……后on在……时till/until直到……3.表示场所、方向的介词across在……对面along沿着……at在……in在……里on在……上above在……上方under/below在……下面beside在……旁边behind在……后面before/in front of在……前面between在……之间among在……之间4.其他介词about关于;对于from从;自从with与……一起;用of……的;属于……的to向;到;对as担任;像;作为for对于;为了;给……besides除了……还有重点用法②表示时间的常用介词辨析用法:1.at表示时刻、时间的某一点;on表示具体的某一天,某一天的上、下午;in表示月、季节、年,泛指上午、下午、晚上(在一段时间内)。
at lunch在午餐时on Monday在周一in January在一月2.before表示“在……之前”;after表示“在……之后”。
I will be back before lunch.午饭之前我赶回来。
The nights start after half past five in winter.冬天的夜晚在5点半之后开始。
3.by表示“在……之前,截止到……”;until/till表示“直到……为止”;by表示到什么时候为止动作已经完成,而until表示动作持续到什么时候,在终止性动词的否定式中,二者通用。
高考英语语法复习-介词和介词短语

between & among & around A. between 在两者之间 My teacher is sitting between Tom and Mike. 我们的老师正坐在汤姆和麦克之间。 What’s the difference between A and B? B. among 在三者或更多的之中 There is a beautiful house among the trees. 在树林之中有一间漂亮的房子。 He is very popular among the students. 他在学生之中很受欢迎。 C. around环绕,在……周围,在……四周 The earth moves around the sun. 地球围绕太阳转。
on & above & over & under & below
A. on 在……上面,有接触面。 on the desk 在桌子上面 on the map 在地图上 There are two maps on the wall. 墙上有两张地图。
B. above 在……上方 Our plane flew above the clouds. 我们的飞机在云端上飞行。 C. over 在……正上方,是under的反义词 There is a light over Li Ming. 李明的正上方有一盏灯。 A few birds were flying over the sea. 有几只鸟在海上飞。
2019年高考英语介词、介词短语专题复习及答案

2019年高考英语介词、介词短语和动词短语语法讲解(名师精讲语法知识点+专项练习,值得下载打印练习)考纲展示命题探究考点一介词和介词短语基础点1常见介词的基本用法介词不能独立在句中充当成分,介词通常与名词、代词或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成分,表示人、物、事件等与其他人、物、事件等之间的关系。
(1)作定语介词短语往往放在名词后作后置定语,如of, with, in, to, for, about等。
And it was all because he happened to be the last kid in_the_last_row.(2)作状语介词短语经常用来作状语,表时间、地点、原因、方式等。
Also imagine what it would be like spending the rest of your life with_your_eyes_closed.(3)作表语介词或介词短语常可以作表语,如at, in, on, of, beyond, out of, under等。
He had no food or water and he was in_terrible_pain.(4)作宾语补足语介词或介词短语也可以用来作宾语补足语。
I found her in_better_spirits when we met again.2介词的分类(1)表示时间的介词①in, on, at和over续表典例1He invited me to a dance after the show________Christmas Eve.典例2I'm sorry I didn't phone you, but I've been very busy________the past couple of weeks.②after和in典例3Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves________half an hour.巧记介词in, on, at表时间的用法:at用在时刻前,亦与正午、午夜连,黎明、终止和开端,at与之紧相伴。
高考英语语法复习专题_—_介词

for, at, on/upon, with, by, through, from, in, of on 3) He came to see me ____business. on 4) He came ____your invitation.
on/upon: (表示为某事物的 基础、根据或理由)由于,因 为 所表示的原因与条件直接 相关。
by 迟于;到…为止。 后跟表示过去的时间用 过去完成时,跟将来的 时间用将来完成时。
in, on, from, at, until, for, since, after, before
by, during, over, through, within, upon, till
through 7)They played the cards ________the night.
还有due to, owing to, thanks to, because of 四个成语介词表示“因为”、“由于”
2. 表示时间的介词 in, on, from, at, until, for, since, after, before by, during, over, through, within, upon 1) He came in 1958 and has stayed here since then. ______
from 表示自然的或直接的原因
for, at, on/upon, with, by, through, from, in, of
9)Don’t get tired of __life; you are still young. 不要对生活厌倦;你还年轻。 of playing basketball. 10)He is very fond __ 他非常喜欢打篮球。 of 11)The beggar died __hunger and cold. 那乞丐因饥饿和寒冷而死。 of 常用来表示情绪上的原因,因 此常常与glad, fond, proud, shamed, tired 同时等形容词连用
2019高考英语二轮复习语法猜题专练3介词与介词短语(含答案)

介词与介词短语单句语法填空1、Warnings about the danger of smoking seem to have little impact __________this age group.2、The panda is unique__________ China, which is well-known to us all.3、—Are you familiar__________the music?—Yes,the music is very familiar__________me,but I can’t remember when and where I heard it.4、After seeing the film, they made comments __________some of the parts.5、He had to take the medicine three times a day, so as to be free __________the pain in the leg.6、Her old parents watched Mary until she disappeared from sight__________ the distance.7、He suddenly saw Tom __________(cross) the street, so he pushed his way__________ the crowd to catch him.8、Success in life doesn't happen __________accident. It's the result of devoting your time and energy to what you've set out to do.9、You’ll succeed__________time as long as you love it with passion because life will give back what you put into it.10、__________(not like) his father, Tony Blain is humorous and easy-going.单句改错11、We have spent several precious weekends in English study in the English Club._____________________________________________________________________12、These scenic spots have attracted millions of tourists in this year._____________________________________________________________________13、This summer I joined a music competition and was lucky to get second place._____________________________________________________________________14、We are supposed to read more in that special day._____________________________________________________________________15、I was on my way to the bookstore and was waiting the green light at a crossing._____________________________________________________________________16、According to a recent survey,about 25 percent of college students have a part-time job. With the upcoming summer vacation, this figure will increase by 72 percent.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________17、The professor began the class in an amusing English story, which attracted our attention at once.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________18、He will need a long time to adapt on the new lifestyle._____________________________________________________________________19、I feel very pleased to see that the AIDS children are not ignored and taken good care.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________20、The new baby added happiness for the family._____________________________________________________________________单项选择21、Scientists are convinced ________ the positive effect of laughter _______ physical and mental health.A.of; atB.by; inC.of; onD.on; at22、With a school built in the village, the children needn’tclimb the mountain for study.A.atB.forC.overD.in23、Most morning reading classes should be made use_______ English better.A.of learningB.to learnC.of to learnD.to learning24、Do you have any difficulty ________?A.on listeningB.to listeningC.for listeningD.in listening25、__________ some coins ,I think there are only 10 dollars left in my pocket.A.Rather thanB.Apart fromC.Instead ofD.In addition语法填空26、阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适句的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
2019版高考英语专题化语法讲义:专题四 介词与介词短语

专题四介词与介词短语(一)方位介词1.图解常见的方位介词2.存在对应关系的几组介词3.over, above(1)over和above都可以表示在数量上“多于”的意思,但above一般用于表示与“最低限度”或“标准”有关的事物;而over则表示“多于”,相当于more than, 其反义词under相当于less than。
1,000 meters above sea level海拔1 000米two degrees above zero零上2度He’s over fifty.他已年过半百。
It’s under a mile from here to the post office.此处距邮局不足一英里。
(2)above表示“级别、地位、重要性等高于……”,over则强调“控制、掌握、权威、优越”等。
He always puts his students above everything.他总是把自己的学生放在一切事情之上。
He has little control over his emotions.他控制不住自己的感情。
4.along, through, across, over5.at, on, to, in6.between, among(1)between在……之间(指两者),常和and连用。
The building stands between the park and the small river.那栋楼位于公园和小河之间。
(2)among在……之间(指三者或三者以上)。
We’ll visit a town among the mountains.我们将要参观一个被群山环绕的小镇。
[名师指津]如果指三个及三个以上的人或物中的每两个之间,仍然要用between。
Switzerland lies between France, Italy, Austria and Germany.瑞士位于法国、意大利、奥地利和德国之间。
2019届高考英语二轮复习单句语法填空:专题5 介词与介词短语(含解析)

单句语法填空(一)1.(2019·浙江卷)Most people work because it's unavoidable. ________ contrast,there are some people who actually enjoy work.解析:句意:大部分人工作是因为这是无法避免的,相比之下,有些人却是真正享受工作。
by contrast “相比之下,与之相比”。
答案:By2.(2019·重庆卷)Last year was the warmest year on record,with global temperature 0.68℃________the average.解析:句意:去年是有纪录以来最热的一年,全球平均气温上升0.68度。
with的宾语global temperature,above the average是宾语补足语。
答案:above3.(2019·江苏卷)Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around but________Thomas Edison.解析:句意:要不是因为托马斯·爱迪生,很多现在让我们受益的东西都不会出现。
but for“要不是,倘若没有”。
答案:for4.(2019·安徽卷)They believe that there are transport developments ________the corner that will bring a lot of changes for the better.解析:句意:他们认为即将到来的交通发展将会带来很多好的方面的变化。
around the corner“即将来临”。
答案:around5.(2019·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)A serious study of physics is impossible ________ some knowledge of mathematics.解析:句意:如果没有一点数学知识,要认真研究物理是不可能的。
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介词英语中称为“preposition”是由“前缀pre-(在……前部)+position(位置)”构成的,所以又叫前置词。
一般放在名词、代词或动名词的前面。
介词是虚词,主要用来表示人、物、事件等与其他人、物、事件之间的关系,如空间位置、时间先后、因果关系、方式方法等。
介词与其宾语构成介词短语。
可作介词宾语的主要有名词、代词、动名词(或动名词短语)、名词性从句等。
介词不能独立在句中做成份,介词后必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成分,表示人、物、事件等与其它人、物、事件等之间的关系。
介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一,使用频率相当高,其用法跟冠词一样复杂。
但根据近年来高考命题的情况来看,考生需要掌握以下内容。
1.表示相似概念的介词短语介词短语区别例子in the end at the end of by the endof in the end作“最后”、“终于”解,单独作句子成分,后不接介词of;at the end of 表示“在……末梢”,“到……尽头”,既可指时间,也可以指地上或物体。
不可单独使用;by the end of 作“在……结束时”,“到……末为止”解,只能指时间。
不可单独使用。
①In the end they reacheda place of safety.②At the end of the roadstands a beautifulgarden.③They decided to have anEnglish evening at theend of this week.④By the end of last monthhe had finished thenovel.in the corner on the corner at the corner in the corner 表示在角落里,in指角的内面;on the corner表示“在角上”,on指的不是内面,也不是外面,而含内外兼有之意;at the corner指“在拐角处”,at指的是拐角外附近的外面。
①The lamp stands in thecorner of the room.②I met with him at thestreet corner.③He sat on the corner ofthe table.2.表进行概念、表被动的关系的介词短语构成例子at+名词at dinner/table在吃饭at work在工作at war交战at cards 在玩牌at work 在办公at play 在玩耍at rest在休息at school在上学 at press正在排印at church在做礼拜beyond+名词beyond belief难以置信beyond control不听管教。
beyond compare无可比拟beyond description难以形容beyond expression无法表达beyond suspicion无可怀疑in+名词或in +名词+of+名词in the army在当兵in need of需要in action 在运转in progress在进行in operation在运行中in use 开始使用in sight看得见in store贮藏着in course of construction正在兴建当中。
in (good) repair维修良好的in course of shipment. 定的货正在运输途中。
in charge of 负责 in the charge of 由……负责in possession of 拥有 in the possession of 被……拥有on+名词on business办事/出差on holiday/vacation/leave在休假on watch值班on duty值勤/日。
on guard在值勤on strike在罢工on sale出售on loan借贷on the move 在移动,搬迁,离开on the march在行军on the air在广播on fire在燃烧。
on trial在试用on show/display/ exhibition在展出under+名词under control在控制之中under discussion在讨论underdevelopment在发展中under observation在观察中under test在被测试under construction在建设中under fire在炮火中under examination在检查/调查中under consideration在考虑中under repair在修理中under arrest被逮捕under attack受到袭击under medical treatment在治疗中under study在研究中其他against one’s opinion反对某人的见解for one’s opinion同意某人的见解above reproach无可指责,无可非议above suspicion不受怀疑above criticism无可指责at the mercy of在……支配下;任由……摆布for sale供出售for rent供出租within sight 看得见3.常见同一形容词与不同介词搭配时意义上的差别常见形容词搭配意义absent(be) absent from 缺席(be) absent in 不在这里而在……afraid(be) afraid of 担心,害怕……(be) afraid for 为……而担心angry(be) angry with sb. 对某人生气(be) angry at/about sth. 因某事而生气anxious(be)anxious for sth 急于想得到(be)anxious about sth./sb. 对某事/某人担心different(be) different from 与……不同(be) different to 不关心familiar (be) familiar with 精通,熟悉(be) familiar to 为……熟知(悉)good (be) good at 擅长于(be) good for 对……有益(be) good to 对……友好/态度好popular(be) popular with sb. 受……欢迎(be) popular for 因……而流行strict(be) strict with sb. 对某人要求严格(be) strict in sth. 对某事要求严格4.容易混淆的含有介词固定搭配的词组1.Everybody was touched _________ words after they heard her moving story.A. beyondB. withoutC. ofD. in【解析】答案为A 。
beyond words表示“在言语之外”,即不能用言语来表达,也就是“无法形容”了。
句意是“听到她的感人故事之后,他们感动得无法用语言来形容”。
2.Try on this red skirt; you will look great it.A. onB. byC. inD. for 【解析】答案为C。
Sth. be on sb. “衣服穿在某人身上”;sb. be in sth“某人穿着什么衣服”。
由此可知答案为C。
3.—How amazing it is that astronauts are exploring outer space!—It’s a challenge, I guess, man against nature.A. ofB. forC. byD. about 【解析】答案为A。
应答句中的I guess是插入语,因此所填介词与challenge连用,表所属,用of,选A。
4.He invited me to a dance after the show Christmas Eve.A. atB. onC. inD. by 【解析】答案为B。
此处介词位于具体节日(日期)前,用on。
5.The wine industry in the area has developed in a special way, ________little foreign ownership.A. byB. ofC. withD. from【解析】答案为C。
句意:这个地区的白酒业以一种特殊的方式在发展着,具有很少的外国所有权。
with:具有,带有,表伴随。
6.Children need friends their own age to play with.A ofB forC inD at 【解析】答案为A。
考查名词的双重所有格。
friends of their own age意思是“跟他们自己年龄相同的朋友”,选A项符合句意。
其他选项不能构成所有关系。
7.It saves time in the kitchen to have things you use a lot _______ easy reach.A. nearB. uponC. withinD. around 【解析】答案为C。
句意:厨房中把常用的物品放在够得着的地方能节省时间。
within easy reach在容易达到……的地方;在……的附近。
8.A great person is always putting others’ interests _________ his own.A. belowB. aboveC. inD. on【解析】答案为B。
put other’s interests above one’s own意思是把别人的利益放在自己的利益之上。
9.Most Americans would prefer to keep their problemsthemselves, and solve their problems______ themselves.A. to; byB. by; toC. for; toD. in; on 【解析】答案为A。
句意:大多数美国人宁愿让他们面对自己的问题并自己解决他们的问题。
by oneself表示“单独地,独自地”的意思。
10.Jenny nearly missed the flight ______ doing too much shopping.A. as a result ofB. on top ofC. in front ofD. in need of【解析】答案为A。