Korean J Urol
低能冲击波治疗ED
7项随机对照试验(RCT)的Meta分析： 低能量冲击波可显著改善勃起功能－2
低能量冲击波可在临床上显著改善患者的勃起功能：
国际勃起功能指数(IIEF) ：平均差值4.17, p<0.0001
Clavijo R I, et al. J Sex Med. 2017; 14: 27-35.
对PDE5抑制剂无应答患者：RENOVATM治疗：安全有效、疗效持久
PDE5抑制剂＊
真空负压吸引装置 （男用助复器） 海绵体内药物注皮疹、嗜睡、恶心、腹泻、尿道感染、 视力模糊、蓝视现象；疗效可能低于预期；冠心病、心绞 痛患者正服用硝酸甘油治疗者，绝对禁止使用。
操作不便、效果不理想；不适、妨碍射精、影响性高潮质 量、易产生阴茎瘀血、疼痛、包皮水肿等并发症
*指安慰治疗，即使用相同的治疗仪，治疗步骤与Renova 治疗组相同，治疗头不发出冲击波，但会发出相同的声音
治疗与随访
第-4周
第0周
第4周
筛选、入组
治疗期
第8周
第12周
随访期
第16周
访
访 访 访 访访
访
访
视
视 视 视 视视
视
视
1
2 3 4 56
7
8
• 主要疗效指标：第8周和第16周的治疗有效率（根据IIEF-EF相对基线分值增量计算）
低能量冲击波可促进血管生成
• 通过放置冠脉缩窄器制作慢性心肌缺血猪模型，采用体外低能量(强度) 冲击波治疗，结果显示可促进心肌血管生成，改善血流供应
对照组
冲击波治疗组
侧支循环评分
治疗前
治疗前
冲击波组 对照组
治疗后
可见冠状动脉数量
治疗后4周
韩语基础词汇：贸易类韩语单词(六)
인플레율通货膨胀率인플레이젼 (inflation) 通货膨胀임대租赁입금（钱）转入입찰모집招标，投标자동동전교환기自动兑换机자재과리资产管理잔업加班재고库存적금存款적체转船적하목록货单전매권专卖权전시회展览会점포商店정관章程정량净量조인 (join) 签订주문서订单주문하다订货字串7중고품旧货지급방식付款方式차용증借用证书착수금,예약금定金채권债券처터선租船체불迟付체선료迟装费체인스토어 (chain store) 连销店체크 (cheek) 检查추가주문续订출하하다发运发货출하항装货口岸취소불가긍신용증不可撤销的信用证카탈로그 (catalongue) 样本캐시미어开士米캔슬 (cancel) 取消코스트 (cost)成本코인 (coin) 货币콘테이너集装箱클레임 (claim) 索赔클린,B/L 完全提单字串7 테트론提特伦통관절차报关팜비트报价팜오퍼 (palm offer) 报盘포스터广告풀리에틸렌聚乙烯딜리버리,납입交货라이선스 (license) 许可라인 (line) 路线라인장车间组长레고베이션 (renovation) 革新레테르,라벨,삼표商标로열티,로알티专利权로운대출货款마케팅厂方为消费者的市场活动매니저 (manager) 经营者매이커 (maker) 厂家매진脱销매황이좋다畅销메리야스针织品명주丝모델 (model) 模型번호型号모직물毛织品무명棉布미니멈오더 (minimam起定量order)미시학경제微观经济学字串2밀수품走私货바겐세일 (bargainsale) 廉价推销바이어 (buyer) 购货方바이어즈크레디트买方信贷배서票据背面签字백화점百货公司버터 (barter) 物品交换베스트셀러 (best seller) 畅销보너스 (bonus) 奖金보상무역补偿贸易보험증권保险单복덕방不动产中介所부동산不动产부두码头부루스 (bourse) 证券交易所분할지급分期付款불경기不景气불상사不幸事故붐 (boom) 兴旺브랜드,상표 (brand) 商标，牌子브로커(broker),거간中介비싸다贵비즈니스 (business) 买卖비즈니스맨 (businessman) 商人사본抄件사플라이어즈크레디트买方信贷삼麻삼배,배麻布상담商谈샐러리맨 (salaryman) 工薪阶层샘플,견본 (sample) 样品서류单据，单子서비스 (service) 服务서비스스테이션 (station) 服务岗位서커泡泡沙선적装船선적서류装船单据선하중귁,B/L 船货提单提货单성약成交세계은행 (world bank) 世界银行세관海关세일즈 (sales) 推销세일즈맨 (salesman) 推销员셀프서비스점포自选商店字串8셰어商品的市场占有率쇼룸展览室쇼윈도商品陈列쇼핑 (shoping) 买东西쇼핑센터 (shoping经销中心senter)수수료手续费수표支票슈퍼마켓 (super market) 超级市场스케쥴 (schedule) 日程，时间表스페이스仓位，船舱슬럼프 (slump) 不振신고서申报单신용하다맡기다信托신윈보증人身保证실크,비단丝绸실크,비단丝绸실크로드丝绸之路싸구려시장便宜货市场싸다便宜싸인,사인 (sign) 签名A..R 올리스크一切险发C&F 운임포함인도包运价格Cf.CM 商业广告CIF 운임보험료포함인도到岸价COD,대금인환지급交货付款D/A 인수후선적서류인도承兑交单D/A 결제 D/A付款方式D/P 지급후선적서류인도付款交单DM (우편광고) 利用信件的广告F. 运费F.A.K. 不区别货类的运费F.A.S. (FAS) 船边交货F/L 运价表FI (F.I) 包括装船费的运费FOB 본선도로船上交货价FOR (F.O.R.) 火车上交货价F.P.A.분손,불담보平安险GNP 国民生产总值I. 利息I/P 保险单IBRD (국제부흥개발은행) 国际复兴开发银行字串9L/A 购买证L/C,신용장信用证L/I 赔偿保证书N.M. 海里N/R 无责任PR (홍보활동) 海报QC (기술질검사) 质检S.R.C.C 暴动가격인상하다提价가격인하하다降价가계家计값어치价值。
输尿管镜术后泌尿道感染发病率及其危险因素
输尿管镜术后泌尿道感染发病率及其危险因素李卫平;王振;王施广;张斌;黄创;王养民【摘要】Objective To evaluate the incidence and risk factors of urinary tract infection(UTI)following uret-eroscopy.Methods Patients undergoing ureteroscopy examination or ureteroscopic lithotripsy in a hospital between 2002 and 2011 were analyzed retrospectively,clinical data of patients were collected and analyzed,including age,sex,history,complication ,urine routine test,urine culture,blood routine test,urethral catheterization,ureteral stent placing and antimicrobialuse.Results Incidence of UTI following ureteroscopy was 3.77%(20/531),UTI fol-lowing ureteroscopy examination was higher than ureteroscopic lithotripsy (5.84% [9/154]vs 2.92% [11/377]). Pyelonephritis was the main infection type(n= 15 ),the main pathogen was Escherichiacoli (n= 6 ),there was no statistical difference in UTI among patients receiving different types of antimicrobial prophylaxis (P= 0.185 ). Patients with bacteriuria,hydronephrosis,urethral catheterization,without ureteral stent placing,and without re-ceiving antimicrobial prophylaxis had higher incidence of URI(all P<0.05).Conclusion Bacteriuria,hydronephro-sis,urethral catheterization,without postoperative ureteral stentplacing,ureteroscopy examination,and without receiving antimicrobial prophylaxis are risk factors of UTI following ureteroscopy.%目的探讨输尿管镜术后感染的发病率及其危险因素.方法回顾性分析2002—2011年某院接受输尿管镜检查或输尿管镜下碎石术患者,收集其年龄、性别、既往史、合并症、尿常规、尿培养、血常规、是否留置导尿管或输尿管内支架以及抗菌药物的使用等临床资料,对所得数据进行分析.结果输尿管镜术后泌尿道感染的发病率为3.77%(20/531),其中输尿管镜检查术后泌尿道感染的发病率为5.84%(9/154),高于输尿管镜碎石术后的2.92%(11/377)(χ2=5.47,P=0.02).术后感染患者以肾盂肾炎最常见(15例),分离主要病原菌为大肠埃希菌(6株).预防性使用不同种类抗菌药物者泌尿道感染发病率差异无统计学意义(P=0.185).菌尿症、肾积水、留置导尿管、术后无内支架管置入、未预防性使用抗菌药物患者泌尿道感染发病率较高(均P<0.05).结论菌尿症、肾积水、留置导尿管、术后无内支架管置入、输尿管镜检查术、未预防性使用抗菌药物是输尿管镜术后泌尿道感染的危险因素.【期刊名称】《中国感染控制杂志》【年(卷),期】2016(015)004【总页数】4页(P246-249)【关键词】输尿管;输尿管镜;泌尿道感染;并发症;危险因素【作者】李卫平;王振;王施广;张斌;黄创;王养民【作者单位】兰州军区兰州总医院,甘肃兰州 730050;兰州军区兰州总医院,甘肃兰州 730050;兰州军区兰州总医院,甘肃兰州 730050;兰州军区兰州总医院,甘肃兰州 730050;兰州军区兰州总医院,甘肃兰州 730050;兰州军区兰州总医院,甘肃兰州 730050【正文语种】中文【中图分类】R693输尿管镜检查术或输尿管镜下碎石术是检查及治疗上泌尿道疾病的常用方法，并且对泌尿道狭窄及肾积水严重程度有很好的评估作用。
冷冻消融软组织肉瘤消融率的影响因素
冷冻消融软组织肉瘤消融率的影响因素金龙;李静;李肖;杨武威【摘要】目的探讨冷冻消融治疗软组织肉瘤消融率的影响因素.方法收集接受氩氦刀冷冻消融治疗的60例软组织肉瘤的资料,于冷冻消融治疗1个月后,根据患者情况选择CT或MRI检查判断消融率,对冷冻消融软组织肉瘤消融率的影响因素进行统计学分析.结果单因素分析显示,肿瘤最长径和肿瘤生长部位与软组织肉瘤冷冻消融术后消融率有关(x2=10.408,P=0.015;x2 =36.778,P=0.006).多因素分析显示,肿瘤生长部位是冷冻消融术后消融率的独立影响因素(P＜0.05).结论冷冻消融治疗软组织肉瘤安全有效.软组织肉瘤生长部位是冷冻消融后消融率的独立影响因素.%Objective To analyze the impact factors of the ablation rate after cryoablation treatment of soft tissue sarcomas.Methods Data of 60 patients with soft tissue sarcomas who underwent cryoablation treatment were analyzed.One month after cryoablation,CT or MR examination was performed to assess the ablation rate.Then statistical analysis was conducted to observe the impact factors on the ablation rate of cryoablation treatment.Results The univariate analysis showed that the largest diameter of tumor and tumor location were related to the ablation rate after cryoablation (x2 =10.408,P=0.015;x2 =36.778,P =0.006),while multivariate analysis showed that tumor location was the independent impact factor on ablation rate of cryoablation treatment for soft tissue sarcoma (P＜0.05).Conclusion Cryoablation is safe and effective in the treatment of soft tissue sarcomas.Tumor location is an independent impact factor on ablation rate of cryoablation for soft tissue sarcomas.【期刊名称】《中国介入影像与治疗学》【年(卷),期】2018(015)006【总页数】4页(P341-344)【关键词】冷冻消融术;软组织肉瘤;消融率;影响因素【作者】金龙;李静;李肖;杨武威【作者单位】国家癌症中心中国医学科学院北京协和医学院肿瘤医院介入治疗科,北京 100021;军事医学科学院附属医院肿瘤微创治疗科,北京 100071;国家癌症中心中国医学科学院北京协和医学院肿瘤医院介入治疗科,北京 100021;军事医学科学院附属医院肿瘤微创治疗科,北京 100071【正文语种】中文【中图分类】R738.6;R730.5软组织肉瘤是罕见的间叶组织肿瘤，不同组织学类型具有不同临床和病理特征。
妊娠和产后盆底肌功能锻炼对盆底肌和排尿功能的影响
妊娠和产后盆底肌功能锻炼对盆底肌和排尿功能的影响陈丽;晋雅凌;樊晓君【摘要】目的：探讨妊娠和产后盆底肌锻炼对盆底肌活力和排尿功能的影响。
方法将97例孕妇随机分成训练组58例及对照组39例两组,采用阴道测压计测定盆底肌强度,通过测定尿流率和3 d 的排尿日志判定排尿功能；通过 UDI-6、IIQ-7和 OAB-q 问卷调查泌尿系统功能。
结果产后6~8周训练组的盆底肌强度明显高于对照组(t =12.09,P =0.003)；训练组在产后6~8周的最大尿流率和平均尿流率与对照组相比差异显著(P <0.05)；训练组在产后6~8周尿急状况与对照组相比明显改善(P <0.05)；产后6~8周 UDI-6和 OAB-q 评分明显恢复；孕期28周、孕期36~38周和产后6~8周训练组 IIQ-7与对照组相比差异性显著(t =5.06,P=0.029；t =6.08,P =0009；t =16.88,P <0.001)。
结论妊娠和分娩影响盆底肌强度、泌尿系统症状、女性生活质量以及排尿功能。
妊娠和产后期间的盆底肌锻炼可提高盆底肌强度、避免泌尿系统症状的进一步加重,进而提高女性的生活质量。
%Objective To investigate the effect of pelvic floor muscle training on pelvic floor muscle activities and voiding functions in the pregnancy and postpartum period. Methods 97 cases of pregnant women were randomly assigned into the training group(n = 58)and those inpregnancy(n = 39). The strength of pelvic floor muscle was measured using a perineometry device,and the voiding functions were e-valuated with uroflowmetry and 3-day voiding diaries. The urinary system functions were surveyed with the urinary distress inventory-6(UDI-6),the incontinence impact questionnaire-7(IIQ-7)and the overactive bladder questionnaire(OAB-q). Results Pelvic floor muscle strength improvement was significantly higher in the Traininggroup compared to the Control group during postpartum weeks 6 ~ 8(t = 12. 09,P = 0. 003). Qmax and Qmean in the training group differed significantly with control group during postpartum weeks 6 ~ 8(P < 0. 05). The urinary urgency was significantly improved in the Training group compared to the Control group during postpartum weeks 6 ~ 8(t = 5. 06,P = 0. 029;t = 6. 08,P = 0009;t = 16. 88,P < 0. 001,respectively). The UDI-6 and OAB-q scores were significantly improved during postpartum weeks 6~ 8(P < 0. 05). The IIQ-7 in the training group differed significantly with control group during during weeks 28 of pregnancy, during weeks 36 ~ 38 of pregnancy and postpartum weeks 6 ~ 8(P < 0. 05). Conclusion Pregnancy and delivery woulda ffect the strength of pelvic floor muscle,urinary symptoms,quality of life and voiding functions. Functional training of pelvic floor muscle during the pregnancy and postpartum period would increase the strength of pelvic floor muscle and prevent thedeterioration of urinary symptoms,so as to improvethe quality of life.【期刊名称】《安徽医学》【年(卷),期】2016(037)002【总页数】5页(P140-143,144)【关键词】盆底肌;功能锻炼;排尿功能;妊娠【作者】陈丽;晋雅凌;樊晓君【作者单位】721000 陕西省宝鸡市妇幼保健院产科;710043 西安陕西省第四人民医院妇产科;721000 陕西省宝鸡市妇幼保健院产科【正文语种】中文妊娠和分娩是影响盆底功能的主要因素。
Seoetal,AfrJTraditComplementAlternMed（2013）10…
SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF SEVEN CONSTITUENTS IN HERBALPRESCRIPTION JAEUMGANGHWA-TANG USING HPLC-PDAChang-Seob Seo, Jung Hoon Kim, and Hyeun-Kyoo ShinBasic Herbal Medicine Research Group, Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-811, Korea.E-mail:**************.krAbstractA simple and accurate high-performance liquid chromatographic method was applied to the quantitative analysis of seven components of the traditional herbal prescription Jaeumganghwa-tang (JGT), including 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde, albiflorin, paeoniflorin, liquiritin, ferulic acid, nodakenin, and glycyrrhizin. All seven compounds were separated in less than 40 min on a Gemini C18 column at 40°C by gradient elution using 1.0% (v/v) aqueous acetic acid and acetonitrile containing 1.0% (v/v) acetic acid as mobile phase. The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min and the detector was a photodiode array (PDA) set at 230 nm, 254 nm, 280 nm, and 330 nm. The calibration curves showed good linearity (r2 > 0.9998) in different concentration ranges. The recovery of each component was in the range of 91.47–102.62%, with relative standard deviations (RSDs, %) less than 4.5%. The RSDs (%) for intra- and interday precision were 0.06–2.85% and 0.06–2.83%, respectively. The concentrations of the seven components in JGT were in the range 0.74–5.48 mg/g.Key words: Herbal prescription, HPLC–PDA, Jaeumganghwa-tang, Zi-yin-jiang-huo-tang, Jiin-koka-to, Simultaneous determinationIntroductionMany herbal formulae have been used to prevent and treat various diseases. Such herbal medicines have few side effects and exhibit multiple activities (Zhang et al., 2004; Jiang, 2005; Liu et al., 2008). Jaeumganghwa-tang (JGT, Zi-yin-jiang-huo-tang in Chinese, Jiin-koka-to in Japanese) is an herbal prescription that consists of 13 herbal medicines: Paeoniae radix, Angelicae gigantis Radix, Rehmanniae Radix Preparata, Asparagi tuber, Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba, Liriopis Tuber, Rehmanniae Radix Crudus, Citri Unshii Pericarpium, Anemarrhenae Rhizoma, Phellodendri Cortex, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Zingiberis Rhizoma Crudus, and Zizyphi fructus. JGT has been used to treat symptoms such as sweating during sleep that ceases on awakening, fever that is more marked in the afternoon, cough accompanied by excessive phlegm, expectoration of blood or blood-stained sputum, and debilitating disease for thousands of years in Eastern countries (Heo, 2007). It has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties and to alter the immune response (Kim et al., 2004; Jung et al., 2010). However, no simultaneous analysis of JGT components has been reported. Therefore, we conducted simultaneous determination of major components for quality control of JGT. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupledwith photodiode array (PDA) detection is a convenient, widely used, and powerful approach for the rapid separation and identification of multiple components in herbal extracts and plants important in traditional Chinese medicine (Zhang et al., 2004; Park et al., 2009). The present study was performed as a quantitative determination and method validation of seven components of JGT, comprising 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde (5-HMF, 1), albiflorin (2), paeoniflorin (3), liquiritin (4), nodakenin (5), hesperidin (6), and glycyrrhizin (7) (Figure 1), using the HPLC–PDA method.OCHOHOH 2COHOH HOOHO OO OHOOC O OHO OO CH OO OH HOOH OHO 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde(5-HMF,1)Paeoniflorin (3)Albiflorin (2)OOONodakenin (5)O OH HOOHOHOOOHOOO OH OHHOLiquiritin (4)OHOOO HOOCHO HO OO HOOC HO HOOHCOOHGlycyrrhizin (7)HHHOOOCH 3OHOOH Hesperidin (6)O HO HOOHOOHO H 3COHHOFigure 1: Chemical structures of seven components of Jaeumganghwa-tang.Materials and MethodsChromatographic systemThe HPLC system consisted of a Shimadzu LC-20A HPLC system (Shimadzu Co., Kyoto, Japan) with a solventdelivery unit, on-line degasser, column oven, autosampler, and PDA detector. The data processor used LCsolution software (Version 1.24, Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan). The column used was a Gemini C18 analytical column (250⨯4.6 mm; particle size 5 μm; Phenomenex, Torrance, CA, USA). The mobile phases were solvent A (1.0% v/v aqueous acetic acid) and solvent B (acetonitrile with 1.0% v/v acetic acid). The gradient conditions are shown in Table 1. Column temperature was maintained at 40°C. Analysis was performed at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and monitored at 230 nm (for albiflorin and paeoniflorin), 254nm (for glycyrrhizin), 280 nm (for 5-HMF, liquiritin, and hesperidin), and 330 nm (for nodakenin). The injection volume was10 L.Table 1: Solvent gradient conditions for HPLC analysis.Time (min) Solvent A (%)a Solvent B (%)b0 95 540 30 7045 0 10050 0 10055 95 570 95 5 a1.0% (v/v) aqueous acetic acid.b1.0% (v/v) acetic acid in acetonitrile.MaterialsJGT samples consisting of 13 herbal medicines, Paeoniae Radix, Angelicae Gigantis Radix, Rehmanniae Radix Preparata, Asparagi Tuber, Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba, Liriopis Tuber, Rehmanniae Radix Crudus, Citri Unshius Pericarpium, Anemarrhenae Rhizoma, Phellodendri Cortex, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Zingiberis Rhizoma Crudus,and Zizyphi Fructus, were purchased from Omniherb (Yeongcheon, Korea) and HMAX (Jecheon, Korea). The origin of the samples was confirmed taxonomically by Prof. Je Hyun Lee and Young Bae Seo, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Korea and Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea, respectively. A voucher specimen (2008-KE01-1 through KE01-13) has been depositedat the Basic Herbal Medicine Research Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine.ReagentsThe reference components 5-HMF and hesperidin were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA) and Chengdu Biopurify Phytochemicals Ltd (Chengdu, China), respectively. Albiflorin, paeoniflorin, and glycyrrhizin were obtained from Wako (Osaka, Japan). Liquiritin and nodakenin were purchased from NPC BioTechnology Inc. (Daejeon, Korea). The purity of all reference standards was >98.0%. HPLC-grade methanol, acetonitrile, and water were obtained fromJ.T. Baker (Phillipsburg, NJ, USA). Glacial acetic acid was of analytical reagent grade and procured from Junsei (Tokyo, Japan).Preparation of standard solutionsStandard stock solutions of 5-HMF, albiflorin, paeoniflorin, liquiritin, nodakenin, hesperidin, and glycyrrhizin (all at 1,000 μg/mL) were prepared in methanol and stored below 4°C. Working standard solutions were prepared by serial dilution of stock solutions with methanol.Preparation of sample solutionsA decoction of JGT was prepared in our laboratory (Table 2, 20.01 kg; 43.125 g ⨯ 464) from a mixture of chopped crude herbs, and extracted in distilled water (10 times the sample amount) at 100°C for 2 h. The solution was evaporated to dryness and freeze-dried (4.163 kg). The yield of JGT extract was 20.8%. Lyophilized JGT extract (200 mg) was dissolved in distilled water (20 mL) and mixed. The solution was filtered through a SmartPor GHP syringe filter (0.2 μm pore size; Woongki Science, Seoul, Korea).Table 2: Crude components of Jaeumganghwa-tang.Scientific name Latin name Amount(g)Company ofpurchaseSourcePaeonia lactiflora Paeoniae Radix 4.875 Omniherb Hwasun,Korea Angelica gigas Angelicae Gigantis Radix 4.5 Omniherb Pyeongchang,Korea Rehmannia glutinosa Rehmanniae Radix Preparata 3.75 Omniherb Jangheung,Korea Asparagus cochinchinensis Asparagi Tuber 3.75 HMAX China Atractylodes japonica Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba 3.75 Omniherb ChinaLiriope platyphylla Liriopis Tuber 3.75 Omniherb Yeongcheon,Korea Rehmannia glutinosa Rehmanniae Radix Crudus 3.00 Omniherb Jangheung,Korea Citrus unshiu Citri Unshius Pericarpium 2.625 Omniherb Jeju, Korea Anemarrhena asphodeloides Anemarrhenae Rhizoma 1.875 Omniherb China Phellodendron amurense Phellodendri Cortex 1.875 Omniherb China Glycyrrhiza uralensis Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 1.875 HMAX China Zingiber officinale Zingiberis Rhizoma Crudus 3.75 Omniherb Yeongcheon,Korea Zizyphus jujube Zizyphi Fructus 3.75 Omniherb Yeongcheon,Korea Total amount 43.125Linearity, limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ)All calibration curves were obtained by assessment of peak areas from standard solutions in the followingconcentration ranges: 5-HMF and albiflorin, 0.94–30.00 μg/mL; paeoniflorin, 1.56–100.00 μg/mL; liquiritin and nodakenin, 0.39–50.00 μg/mL; hesperidin, 0.78–100.00 μg/mL; and glycyrrhizin, 1.56–50.00 μg/mL. The LOD and LOQ data obtained under the chromatographic conditions used in the present study were determined using signal-to-noise (S/N) ratios of 3 and 10, respectively.RecoveryRecovery tests were performed by adding known amounts (low, medium, and high) of reference standards to JGT samples before extraction. An average recovery was calculated using the formula: Recovery (%) = (Amount determined – Amount original)/Amount spiked⨯ 100.Precision and accuracyReproducibility was assessed by analysis of five independently prepared standard solutions. The relative standard deviation (RSD) of analyte peak areas and peak retention times for each standard were calculated. Intra- and inter-day precision values were determined using a standard addition method to prepare spiked samples, employing both standards and controls.Results and DiscussionOptimization of chromatographic conditionsWe obtained good separation chromatograms using mobile phases consisting of (A) 1.0% (v/v) aqueous acetic acid and (B) acetonitrile with 1.0% (v/v) acetic acid, with a gradient flow of 0–40 min, 5–70% B; 40–45 min, 70–100% B; 45–50 min, 100% B; 50–55 min, 100–5% B; and 55–70 min, 5% B. Quantitation was achieved by PDA detection in the region 190–400 nm, based on retention time and UV spectra compared with those of the standard. Using optimized chromatography conditions, all analytes eluted before 35 min, showed a resolution better than 1.75, and afforded good specificity upon sample analysis. Representative HPLC chromatograms of standards and the extract are shown in Figure 2.Linearity, range, LOD, and LOQCalibration curves were obtained using standard solutions containing 0.94–30.00 μg/mL of 5-HMF and albiflorin;1.56–100.00 μg/mL of paoniflorin; 0.39–50.00 μg/mL of liquiritin and nodakenin; 0.78–100.00 μg/mL of hesperidinorin; and 1.56–50.00 μg/mL of glycyrrhizinn, as marker components. The linearity of the peak area (y) versus concentration (x, μg/mL) curve for each component was used to calculate the content of each main component in JGT. The correlation coefficients (r2) of the calibration curves for seven constituents were >0.9998. Line equations and correlation coefficients (r2) of calibration curves are summarized in Table 3. The LODs and LOQs were in the ranges 0.021–0.275 μg/mL and 0.069–0.918 μg/mL, respectively. These data are shown in Table 3.Figure 2: HPLC chromatographs of a standard mixture (A) of seven components and Jaeumganghwa-tang sample (B) with detection at 230 nm (I), 254 nm (II), 280 nm (III), and 330 nm (IV). The peaks represent 5-HMF (1), albiflorin (2), paeoniflorin (3), liquiritin (4), nodakenin (5), hesperidin (6), and glycyrrhizin (7).RecoveryA recovery test was performed by addition of known amounts of 5-HMF, albiflorin, paeoniflorin, liquiritin, nodakenin, hesperidin, and glycyrrhizin to the extract. Standard compounds, at each of three different levels (low, medium, and high), were mixed with sample powder, and extracted. The recovery of each reference standard was in the range 91.47–102.62%, and the RSD range was 0.19–4.24% (Table 4).Accuracy and precisionReproducibility or intra-assay precision was assessed by repeatedly measuring retention times and peak areas for three independently prepared samples of analyte. Reproducibility for all analytes was less than RSD 1.0% for peak responses and less than RSD 0.1% for retention times (data not shown). Thus, the HPLC assay showed good repeatability under optimized conditions. To test the accuracy and precision of our analytical method, intra- and inter-day variations in measurement of seven major constituents were determined, and are summarized in Table 5. The intra-day accuracy was in the range 97.32–106.66%, and inter-day accuracy was 96.77–107.43%.Table 3. Linearities, correlation coefficients, LODs, and LOQs for marker compounds (n = 3).Compound Linear range(μg/mL)Regression equation aCorrelationcoefficient (r2)LOD b(μg/mL)LOQ c(μg/mL)5-HMF (1) 0.94―30.00 Y = 80,959.89x – 10,045.13 0.9999 0.021 0.069Albiflorin (2) 0.94―30.00 Y = 8,070.68x – 1,989.45 0.9999 0.235 0.783Paeoniflorin (3) 1.56―100.00 Y = 11,588.34x – 10,855.84 0.9998 0.255 0.867Liquiritin (4) 0.39―50.00 Y = 16,346.25x – 2,116.57 0.9999 0.069 0.229Nodakenin (5) 0.39―50.00 Y = 20,991.73x – 2,426.98 0.9999 0.048 0.160Hesperidin (6) 0.78―100.00 Y = 18,380.79x – 4,931.69 0.9999 0.060 0.200Glycyrrhizin (7) 1.56―50.00 Y = 8,236.28x – 1,681.31 0.9999 0.275 0.918a Y: peak area (mAU) of components; x: concentration (μg/mL) of components.b LOD = 3 ⨯ signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio.c LOQ = 10 ⨯ signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio.Sample analysisThis newly established analytical method was applied to simultaneous determination of seven components in JGT. Figure 2 shows chromatograms of reference components and a water extract of JGT, with detection of eluents at 230 nm, 254 nm, 280 nm, and 330 nm. The contents of seven constituents, 5-HMF, albiflorin, paeoniflorin, liquiritin, nodakenin, hesperidin, and glycyrrhizin were 0.74 mg/g, 1.09–1.11 mg/g, 5.44–5.48 mg/g, 1.38–1.43 mg/g, 2.37–2.46 mg/g, 3.24–3.29 mg, and 1.67–1.68 mg/g, respectively. The analytical results for each component identified are summarized in Table 6.In conclusion, we developed a simple and accurate HPLC method for simultaneous separation and determination of seven components, in order to evaluate the quality of JGT. This study is the first report of the simultaneous analysis of seven constituents in JGT using HPLC–PDA detection. In the present work, simultaneous determination of seven marker compounds in JGT was validated with respect to linearity, precision, and accuracy. The method will be helpful to improve the quality control and analysis of JGT.Table 4. Recovery levels of the seven marker compounds (n = 5).Compound Original mean level(μg/mL)Spiked level(μg/mL)Detected mean level(μg/mL)Recoverymean (%)RSD (%)2.00 9.55 102.62 0.965.00 12.64 98.86 4.195-HMF (1) 7.5010.00 17.00 94.97 0.382.00 12.87 98.96 2.285.00 15.89 99.81 1.67Albiflorin (2) 10.8910.00 20.41 95.14 2.6010.00 56.26 99.35 2.3125.00 70.70 97.48 1.83Paeoniflorin (3) 46.3350.00 94.47 96.28 2.042.00 16.62 100.53 2.365.00 19.64 100.63 1.12Liquiritin (4) 14.6010.00 24.14 95.32 0.364.00 27.78 96.66 2.5910.00 33.29 93.74 1.65Nodakenin (5) 23.9220.00 43.36 97.21 2.736.00 39.04 102.53 1.0815.00 46.60 91.47 0.26Hesperidin (6) 32.8830.00 61.27 94.62 0.184.00 20.51 100.77 1.7810.00 25.96 94.86 0.24Glycyrrhizin (7) 16.4820.00 35.16 93.41 0.53 AcknowledgmentsThis research was supported by a grant (no. K12030) from the Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine.Table 5. Precision and accuracy of analytical results (n = 5).Intra-day Inter-day CompoundFortifiedconc. (μg/mL)Observed conc. (μg/mL)Precision (%)Accuracy (%)Observed conc. (μg/mL)Precision (%)Accuracy (%)2.00 2.01 1.13 100.44 2.02 1.10 100.825.00 5.25 0.38 104.93 5.27 0.98 105.35 5-HMF (1)10.00 9.88 0.11 98.75 9.86 0.23 98.63 2.00 2.04 2.77 102.11 2.00 2.03 99.945.00 5.15 1.78 102.96 5.17 2.22 103.32 Albiflorin (2)10.00 9.92 0.46 99.18 9.92 0.51 99.17 10.00 10.10 1.04 100.97 10.14 1.22 101.4225.00 25.20 0.74 100.79 25.17 1.77 100.66 Paeoniflorin (3)50.00 49.88 0.15 99.76 49.89 0.44 99.78 2.00 1.97 1.54 98.75 2.01 2.04 100.565.00 5.23 0.93 104.69 5.18 0.82 103.64 Liquiritin (4)10.00 9.89 0.20 98.88 9.91 0.14 99.07 4.00 4.19 2.02 104.81 4.06 1.87 101.5810.00 10.41 2.85 104.13 9.75 2.83 97.46 Nodakenin (5)20.00 19.90 0.81 99.49 20.11 0.64 100.57 6.00 6.40 1.07 106.66 6.45 0.71 107.4315.00 14.60 0.28 97.32 14.52 0.30 96.77 Hesperidin (6)30.00 30.12 0.06 100.40 30.15 0.06 100.51 4.00 4.18 1.38 104.53 4.17 1.04 104.3710.00 10.07 1.32 100.73 10.05 0.40 100.46 Glycyrrhizin (7)20.00 19.93 0.28 99.64 19.94 0.07 99.71122Seo et al., Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. (2013) 10 (1):113-123/10.4314/ajtcam.v10i1.15Table 6. Contents of seven marker compounds in Jaeumganghwa-tang (n = 3).Content (mg/g)Batch (#)(4)5-HMF (1) Albiflorin(3) Liquiritin(2) Paeoniflorin(%) Mean SD RSD(%) Mean SD RSD(%)(%) Mean SD RSDMean SD RSD1 0.74 0.002 0.258 1.11 0.005 0.418 5.44 0.022 0.408 1.38 0.011 0.7992 0.74 0.003 0.424 1.10 0.002 0.162 5.48 0.020 0.372 1.43 0.010 0.7273 0.74 0.003 0.361 1.09 0.002 0.218 5.46 0.034 0.617 1.43 0.004 0.285Content (mg/g)Batch (#)(7)(6) GlycyrrhizinNodakenin (5) Hesperidin(%)(%) Mean SD RSD Mean SD RSD(%) Mean SD RSD1 2.39 0.019 0.802 3.24 0.027 0.845 1.68 0.005 0.3092 2.46 0.009 0.366 3.29 0.031 0.947 1.67 0.006 0.3453 2.34 0.015 0.642 3.27 0.033 1.018 1.67 0.005 0.326Seo et al., Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. (2013) 10 (1):113-123 /10.4314/ajtcam.v10i1.15123 123References1.Hur J. (2007). Donguibogam. 8th ed. Namsandang, Seoul. p. 424.2.Jiang WY. (2005). Therapeutic wisdom in traditional Chinese medicine: a perspective from modern science.Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 26:558-563.3.Jung D, Ha H, Lee HY, Lee JA, Lee JK, Huang DS, Shin HK. (2010). Stimulation of the immune response by Yin-Tonifying formula. J. Korean Oriental. Med.,31:112-123.4.Kim YK, Kim HJ, Kim WS, Park HJ, Moon G, Kim DW, Won JH. (2004). Inhibitory effect of Jaeumganhwa-tangon allergic inflammatory reaction. Korean J. Orient. Inter. Med.,25:174-182.5.Liu S, Yi LZ, Liang YZ. (2008). Traditional Chinese medicine and separation science. J. Sep. Sci.,31:2113-2137.6.Park AY, Park SY, Lee J, Jung M, Kim J, Kang SS, Youm JR, Han SB. (2009). Simultaneous determination of fivecoumarins in Angelicae dahuricae Radix by HPLC/UV and LC-ESI-MS/MS. Biomed. Chromatogr., 23:1034-1043.7.Zhang H, Shen P, Cheng Y. (2004). Identification and determination of the major constituents in traditionalChinese medicine Si-Wu-Tang by HPLC coupled with DAD and ESI-MS. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal.,34:705-713.。
坦索罗新预防输尿管支架置入术后血尿和疼痛的效果评价
坦索罗新预防输尿管支架置入术后血尿和疼痛的效果评价发布时间：2022-09-14T08:09:40.861Z 来源：《医师在线》2022年11期作者：钱卫亮，林培钗[导读] 观察坦索罗新对预防经尿道输尿管支架置入术后疼痛和出血的疗效。
钱卫亮，林培钗瑞安市中医院，浙江省瑞安市，邮编325200【摘要】目的：观察坦索罗新对预防经尿道输尿管支架置入术后疼痛和出血的疗效。
方法：选取我院经输尿管镜碎石术后输尿管支架置入患者64例（2020年1月至2021年12月），随机分为坦索罗新预防治疗的观察组（32例）与未采取预防措施的对照组（32例），观察坦索罗辛用于预防患者输尿管支架留置期间血尿和疼痛的疗效。
结果：在输尿管支架留置期间，观察组出血程度和出血次数均明显小于对照组，差异有统计学意义P＜0.05；观察组出现疼痛的例数和程度均低于对照组，差异有统计学意义P＞0.05。
结论：对于留置输尿管支架的患者，使用坦索罗辛预防输尿管支架留置期间泌尿道出血和疼痛，具有较好疗效。
【关键词】坦索罗辛；输尿管支架置入术后；血尿；疼痛输尿管支架现广泛用于泌尿系手术，如肾及输尿管结石术后、输尿管再植、输尿管肾盂相关手术等，因其具有内引流及扩张输尿管的作用，用于促进尿液从肾脏排入膀胱，大大改善了此类疾病的预后，减少了如输尿管狭窄、输尿管闭锁、术后泌尿系感染等并发症的发生[1]。
但输尿管支架留置期间，患者常出现疼痛、血尿、尿路症状，引起生活质量下降。
其中，发生率最高的是疼痛和血尿[2]。
为改善输尿管支架置入术后导致不适，当前国内外常采用的方法包括药物治疗、改造支架管设计及药物洗脱支架[1]。
本研究选取我院经输尿管镜碎石术后输尿管支架置入患者64例，观察坦索罗辛用于预防患者输尿管支架留置期间血尿和疼痛的疗效。
1资料与方法1.1一般资料1.1.1研究对象选取2020年1月至2021年12月，在我院行经输尿管镜碎石术后输尿管支架置入患者64例（均使用深圳市库珀科技发展有限公司生产的输尿管支架）。
克氏综合征认识新进展
67克氏综合征（Klinefelter Syndrome ）的主要核型是47，XXY ，发病率约为150/10万，是男性中最常见的性染色体异常疾病。
克氏征自1942年被首次报道以来，随着对其认识的不断深入，其伴随的一系列临床特征陆续被认知和描述，涉及遗传学、流行病学、儿科学、内分泌学、心血管病学、精神病学、泌尿科学等学科。
一、遗传学克氏征表型的遗传学机制主要存在额外的性染色体。
这种遗传异常也见于家养和野生动物[1]。
有研究报道其遗传表型可能与存在于X 染色体上未被灭活的额外基因有关。
在这些基因中，唯一被阐明影响克氏征表型的是位于拟常染色体（pseudoautosomal ）p1区的矮生高同源框基因（SHOX ）。
SHOX 能促进患者骨骼生长[2]。
SHOX 的转录目标是脑利钠肽和成纤维细胞生长因子受体[3, 4]，这将有助于我们对克氏征临床表型的理解。
雄激素受体中CGA 基因的重复数量也与克氏征表型有关[5]，如影响患者身高、血细胞比容等。
然而来源于父母的额外X 染色体是否会影响克氏征表型值得进一步研究，因为在X 染色体中有超过10%的基因在睾丸中表达[6]。
二、流行病学（一）患病率最初，克氏征被认为“极为罕见”。
直到在新生儿中大规模的染色体分析后，“真的”患病率才确定。
克氏征的患病率在增长，而且在不同的人群中患病率也可能存在差异[7]。
丹麦学者通过产前诊断发现新生男婴的患病率为152/10万[8]；格鲁吉亚在36124例新生婴儿干燥血清DNA 的筛查中患病率为158/10万[9]；澳大利亚最近报道的患病率为223/10万[10]；亚洲来自韩国Jo 等一项回顾性研究显示患病率为22/9387[11]，而我国尚未见相关报道。
（二）诊断率克氏征的诊断严重滞后。
丹麦通过调查发现只有约25%患者被诊断，而这些病例中又仅有10%的患者是在青春期前确诊[8]。
来自英国的同类研究也报道了相似的诊断率，大约为每年100/525[12]。
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Efficacy of a 3-Dimension HMD (Head Mounted Displayer) for Audiovisual Sexual Stimulation after Oral Phosphodiesterase Type 5 (PDE 5) Inhibitor Medication for the Diagnosis of Vasculogenic Erectile Dysfunction
Baek UG, Moon KH.
Korean J Urol
2005 Dec 46(12):1302-1307. Korean.
PURPOSE: The AVSS with 3-D HMD is considered to provide a more realistic image and more comfortable circumstances in which the subjects are absorbed in the stimulation. We investigated the efficacy of using 3-D combined with oral medication and a stimulation (COS) test for the evaluation of vasculogenic erectile dysfunction (ED). MATERIALS AND METHODS: 66 patients with complaints of ED, 28 patients diagnosed with vasculogenic ED and 38 patients diagnosed with psychogenic ED were included in this study. The patients were randomly divided into the 2-D group and the 3-D group. The 2-D group patients were examined with using 2-D combined an injection and a stimulation (CIS) test. The 3-D group patients were examined with 3-D CIS test. Then a week later, the patients underwent the AVSS with 3-D HMD 1 hour after oral PDE 5 inhibitor medication. The degree of erection was monitored using the Nocturnal Electrobioimpedance Volumetric Assessment (NEVA) system. RESULTS: On the 2-D CIS tests, 12 of 27 patients showed normal erection, and this resulted in a sensitivity and specificity of 72.7% and 56.3%, respectively. On the 3-D CIS tests, 20 of 39 patients showed normal erection and on the 3-D COS tests, 17 patients showed normal erection and this resulted in a sensitivity and specificity of 88.2% and 81.8%, and 94.1% and 72.7%, respectively. No significant difference were present in the results of the diagnosis between the 3-D CIS and 3-D COS tests. CONCLUSIONS: Both the 3-D CIS and 3-D COS tests offer the advantage of higher sensitivity and specificity than the conventional CIS test. The 3-D COS test may be used as a substitute for the conventional CIS test due to its simplicity and less invasive nature.
Affiliation:
Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea. khmoon@med.yu.ac.kr。