化学英文命名

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完整版化合物英文命名规则

Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds 无机化合物的命名（Prefix 词头,前缀Suffix 词尾,后缀Stem 词根） 1.Trivial Names 俗名H2O water 不说dihydrogen oxideNH3 ammonia 不说nitrogen trihydrideCaO quicklimeCaCO3 limestone 2.Systematic Nomenclature 系统命名1）Oxide 氧化物——先命名非氧元素ZnOzinc oxideCaO calcium oxideCO carbon oxideNa2O2 sodium peroxideH2O2hydrogen peroxide 注：peroxide 过氧化物2）Hydroxide 氢氧化物（base 碱）Ba（OH）2 barium hydroxideKOH potassium hydroxide3）Acid 酸Hydro acid 氢酸General formula 通式:HnX 命名：hydro- + stem of X + -ic acid H2S hydrosulfuric acid（英） hydrosulphuric（美）氢硫酸S:sulfur（英）、sulphur（美）HBr 氢溴酸hydrobromic acidBr: bromine HCl 氢氯酸（盐酸）hydrochloric acidCl: chlorine HF 氢氟酸hydrofluoric acidF: fluorineOxoacid or Oxyacid 含氧酸General formula 通式：HnXOm 命名：Stem of X + -ic acid 注：oxo- （oxy-）含氧, 氧代H2SO4 sulfuric acid（英） sulphuric acid（美）H2CO3 carbonic acidH3PO4 phosphoric acid P： phosphorus H3BO3 boric acid B： boron HNO3 nitric acid N： nitrogen If X has two oxidation states ：-ic：the higher oxidation state-ous：the lower oxidation stateH2SO4 sulfuric acidH2SO3 sulfurous acid 1/5HNO3 nitric acidHNO2 nitrous acidIf X （such as halogens） has more than two oxidation states ：halogen 卤素per- （过，高） + -ic ：the still higher oxidation state hypo- （次,在,下） + -ous：the still lower oxidation state HClO3 chloric acidHClO2 chlorous acidHClO4 perchloric acidHClO hypochlorous acidHIO hypoiodous acid4）Salt 盐General formula 通式:MnXm 命名：Name of M stem of X + -ide （- ide, 化物）Oxide 、chloride 、nitride 、hydrideKI potassium iodideAl2S3 aluminum sulfideLiH lithium hydrideOxysalt 含氧酸盐Name the metal ion first and then the anion Naming anions:-ate anions derived from the -ic acid（the higher oxidation state of X） -ite anions derived from the -ous acid （the lower oxidation state of X） HNO3 nitric acidNaNO3 sodium nitrateHNO2 nitrous acidNaNO2 sodium nitriteSO42- sulfateSO32- sulfite AgClO4 silver perchlorateNaIO3 sodium iodateKClO2 potassium chlorite KBrO potassium hypobromite MnO42- manganate MnO4- permanganate Acid salt 酸式盐Using “ hydrogen ” to specify NaHSO4 sodium hydrogen sulfate NaH2PO4 sodium dihydrogen phosphate Na2HPO4 disodium hydrogen phosphate P: phosphorus phosphate 磷酸盐（根）Using prefix bi- + name of anion if only one acid salt existsNaHSO4 sodium bisulfateH”NaHSO3 sodium bisulfiteKHCO3 potassium bicarbonate5）Metals （M ）with more than one oxidation state 2/5Two methods: ①后缀法: 早期使用stem of M + -ic the higher oxidation state of M stem of M + -ous the lower oxidation state of M HgI2 mercuric iodideHg2I2 mercurous iodide Hg:mercury Cr2+ chromousCr3+ chromic Cr: chromium注：In most cases, Latin stem is used if the metal has symbol derived from its Latin name.（mercury is an exception）Cu:cuprum （拉丁）,copper （英）Cu+ cuprousCu2+ cupricCuI cuprous iodideCuS cupric sulfide Sn:stannum (拉丁), tin ( 英) SnCl2 stannous chlorideSnO2 stannic oxideFe:ferrum ( 拉丁), iron ( 英)Fe(OH)2 ferrous hydroxideFeBr3 ferric bromide② IUPAC Rule 1957 年开始使用English name of metal(Roman numeral)CuBr copper(I) bromideCuF2 copper(II) fluorideSnO tin(II) oxideSnS2 tin(IV) sulfideFe(NO3)2 iron(II) nitrateFe2(SO4)3 iron(III) sulfateUse Greek prefixes 希腊文前缀Mon (0)—di 二tri 三tetr (a)四pent (a) 五hex (a) 六hepta 七octa 八nona 九1．to specify the number of each atom in the chemical formula.NO2 nitrogen dioxidePCl5 phosphorus pentachlorideCO2 carbon dioxide 2．to specify the number of identical central atoms in condensed acids and their corresponding anions.condensed acid 缩酸H3PO4 (mono)phosphoric acidH4P2O7 diphosphoric acid3/5H2SO4 sulfuric acidH2S3O10 trisulfuric acidCrO42- 铬酸盐(根) chromateCr2O72- 重铬酸盐(根)dichromate3. to indicate extent of substitutionPO43- phosphatePS2O23- dithiophosphate thio-硫代”硫的，含硫的注：The prefixes ortho- and meta- have been used to distinguish acids differing in the “content of water. ”ortho- [ 希腊词头] 正、原(无机酸用)邻(位) (有机化合物命名)meta- [希腊词头] 偏(无机酸用)间(位) (有机化合物命名)ortho-acid 原酸；meta-acid 偏酸H3BO3 orthoboric acid(or boric acid) (原)硼酸(HBO3)n metaboric acid 偏硼酸H4SiO4 orthosilicic acid(or silicic acid) 原硅酸H2SiO3 metasilicic acid 硅酸(习惯上不叫偏硅酸)H3PO4 orthophosphoric acid (or phosphoric acid) (正)磷酸(HPO3)n metaphosphoric acid 偏磷酸。

完整版化合物英文命名规则

Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds无机化合物的命名（Prefix词头,前缀Suffix词尾,后缀Stem词根）1.Trivial Names俗名H2O water不说dihydrogen oxideNH3 ammonia不说nitrogen trihydrideCaO quicklimeCaCO3 limestone2.Systematic Nomenclature系统命名1)Oxide氧化物——先命名非氧元素ZnOzinc oxideCaO calcium oxideCO carbon oxideNa2O2 sodium peroxideH2O2hydrogen peroxide 注：peroxide过氧化物2)Hydroxide氢氧化物（base碱）Ba(OH)2 barium hydroxideKOH potassium hydroxide3)Acid酸Hydro acid氢酸General formula通式:HnX 命名：hydro- + stem of X + -ic acid H2S hydrosulfuric acid(英) hydrosulphuric(美) 氢硫酸S:sulfur(英)、sulphur(美) HBr 氢溴酸hydrobromic acidBr: bromine HCl 氢氯酸(盐酸)hydrochloric acidCl: chlorine HF 氢氟酸hydrofluoric acidF: fluorineOxoacid or Oxyacid含氧酸General formula通式:HnXOm 命名：Stem of X + -ic acid 注：oxo-(oxy-) 含氧, 氧代H2SO4 sulfuric acid(英) sulphuric acid(美)H2CO3 carbonic acidH3PO4 phosphoric acid P: phosphorus H3BO3 boric acid B: boron HNO3 nitric acid N: nitrogenIf X has two oxidation states：-ic：the higher oxidation state-ous：the lower oxidation stateH2SO4 sulfuric acidH2SO3 sulfurous acid1/5HNO3 nitric acidHNO2 nitrous acidIf X (such as halogens) has more than two oxidation states：halogen卤素per- (过，高) + -ic：the still higher oxidation statehypo- (次,在?下) + -ous：the still lower oxidation stateHClO3 chloric acidHClO2 chlorous acidHClO4 perchloric acidHClO hypochlorous acidHIO hypoiodous acid4)Salt盐General formula通式:MnXm 命名：Name of M stem of X + -ide（-ide?化物）Oxide、chloride、nitride、hydrideKI potassium iodideAl2S3 aluminum sulfideLiH lithium hydrideOxysalt含氧酸盐Name the metal ion first and then the anionNaming anions:-ate anions derived from the -ic acid(the higher oxidation state of X)-ite anions derived from the -ous acid (the lower oxidation state of X)HNO3 nitric acidNaNO3 sodium nitrateHNO2 nitrous acidNaNO2 sodium nitriteSO42- sulfateSO32- sulfiteAgClO4 silver perchlorateNaIO3 sodium iodateKClO2 potassium chloriteKBrO potassium hypobromiteMnO42- manganateMnO4- permanganateAcid salt 酸式盐Using “hydrogen”to specify “H”NaHSO4 sodium hydrogen sulfateNaH2PO4 sodium dihydrogen phosphateNa2HPO4 disodium hydrogen phosphate P: phosphorus phosphate磷酸盐(根) Using prefix bi- + name of anion if only one acid salt existsNaHSO4 sodium bisulfateNaHSO3 sodium bisulfiteKHCO3 potassium bicarbonate5)Metals（M）with more than one oxidation state2/5Two methods:①后缀法: 早期使用stem of M + -ic the higher oxidation state of Mstem of M + -ous the lower oxidation state of MHgI2 mercuric iodideHg2I2 mercurous iodide Hg:mercury Cr2+ chromousCr3+ chromic Cr: chromium注：In most cases, Latin stem is used if the metal has symbol derived from itsLatin name.(mercury is an exception))英),copper (拉丁Cu:cuprum (Cu+ cuprousCu2+ cupricCuI cuprous iodideCuS cupric sulfideSn:stannum (拉丁), tin (英)SnCl2 stannous chlorideSnO2 stannic oxideFe:ferrum (拉丁), iron (英)Fe(OH)2 ferrous hydroxideFeBr3 ferric bromide②IUPAC Rule 1957年开始使用English name of metal(Roman numeral)CuBr copper(I) bromideCuF2 copper(II) fluorideSnO tin(II) oxideSnS2 tin(IV) sulfideFe(NO3)2 iron(II) nitrateFe2(SO4)3 iron(III) sulfateUse Greek prefixes希腊文前缀Mon（o）一di二tri三tetr（a）四pent（a）五hex（a）六hepta七octa八nona九1．to specify the number of each atom in the chemical formula.NO2 nitrogen dioxidePCl5 phosphorus pentachlorideCO2 carbon dioxide2．to specify the number of identical central atoms in condensed acids and their corresponding anions.condensed acid缩酸H3PO4 (mono)phosphoric acidH4P2O7 diphosphoric acid3/5H2SO4 sulfuric acidH2S3O10 trisulfuric acidCrO42-铬酸盐(根) chromateCr2O72-重铬酸盐(根)dichromate3. to indicate extent of substitutionPO43- phosphatePS2O23- dithiophosphate thio-硫代?,硫的,含硫的注：The prefixes ortho- and meta- have been used to distinguish acids differingin the “content of water.”ortho- [希腊词头] 正、原（无机酸用）邻（位）（有机化合物命名）meta- [希腊词头] 偏（无机酸用）间（位）（有机化合物命名）ortho-acid 原酸；meta-acid 偏酸H3BO3 orthoboric acid(or boric acid)（原）硼酸偏硼酸(HBO3)n metaboric acidH4SiO4 orthosilicic acid(or silicic acid)原硅酸H2SiO3 metasilicic acid 硅酸（习惯上不叫偏硅酸）H3PO4 orthophosphoric acid (or phosphoric acid)（正）磷酸偏磷酸(HPO3)n metaphosphoric acid。

化学英文命名知识讲解

H hydrogen ['haidrəudʒən] He helium ['hi:ljəm] Li lithium ['liθiəm] C carbon ['kɑ:bən]N nitrogen ['naitrədʒən] O oxygen ['ɔksidʒən] F fluorine ['flu(:)əri:n] Na sodium ['səudjəm] Mg magnesium [mæg'ni:zjəm] Al aluminum [ə'lu:minəm] Si silicon ['silikən] P phosphorus['fɔsfərəs] S sulfur ['sʌlfə] Cl chlorine ['klɔ:ri:n] K potassium [pə'tæsjəm] Fe iron ['aiən] Ni nickel ['nikl] Cu copper ['kɔpə] Pb lead [li:d] Ca calcium ['kælsiəm] I iodine ['aiədi:n] Ag silver ['silvə] Zn zinc [ziŋk]As arsenic ['ɑ:sənik]Se selenium [si'li:niəm] Br bromine ['brəumi:n] Cd cadmium ['kædmiəm] Hg mercury ['mə:kjuri] Cr chromium['krəumjəm] Mn manganese [.mæŋgə'ni:z]1.1 二元化合物的命名（1）金属，非金属金属元素全称 + 非金属元素词干 + ide后缀NaCl— sodium chloride KBr— potassium bromide CaF2 — calcium fluoride KI— potassium iodide ZnS— zinc sulfideCaO— calcium oxide当金属可能有多种化合价时，用后缀-ous表示低价，-ic表示高价。

完整版化合物英文命名规则

Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds无机化合物的命名（Prefix词头,前缀Suffix词尾,后缀Stem词根）1.Trivial Names俗名H2O water不说dihydrogen oxideNH3 ammonia不说nitrogen trihydrideCaO quicklimeCaCO3 limestone2.Systematic Nomenclature系统命名1)Oxide氧化物——先命名非氧元素ZnOzinc oxideCaO calcium oxideCO carbon oxideNa2O2 sodium peroxideH2O2hydrogen peroxide 注：peroxide过氧化物2)Hydroxide氢氧化物（base碱）Ba(OH)2 barium hydroxideKOH potassium hydroxide3)Acid酸Hydro acid氢酸General formula通式:HnX 命名：hydro- + stem of X + -ic acid H2S hydrosulfuric acid(英) hydrosulphuric(美) 氢硫酸S:sulfur(英)、sulphur(美) HBr 氢溴酸hydrobromic acidBr: bromine HCl 氢氯酸(盐酸)hydrochloric acidCl: chlorine HF 氢氟酸hydrofluoric acidF: fluorineOxoacid or Oxyacid含氧酸General formula通式:HnXOm 命名：Stem of X + -ic acid 注：oxo-(oxy-) 含氧, 氧代H2SO4 sulfuric acid(英) sulphuric acid(美)H2CO3 carbonic acidH3PO4 phosphoric acid P: phosphorus H3BO3 boric acid B: boron HNO3 nitric acid N: nitrogenIf X has two oxidation states：-ic：the higher oxidation state-ous：the lower oxidation stateH2SO4 sulfuric acidH2SO3 sulfurous acid1/5HNO3 nitric acidHNO2 nitrous acidIf X (such as halogens) has more than two oxidation states：halogen卤素per- (过，高) + -ic：the still higher oxidation statehypo- (次,在?下) + -ous：the still lower oxidation stateHClO3 chloric acidHClO2 chlorous acidHClO4 perchloric acidHClO hypochlorous acidHIO hypoiodous acid4)Salt盐General formula通式:MnXm 命名：Name of M stem of X + -ide（-ide?化物）Oxide、chloride、nitride、hydrideKI potassium iodideAl2S3 aluminum sulfideLiH lithium hydrideOxysalt含氧酸盐Name the metal ion first and then the anionNaming anions:-ate anions derived from the -ic acid(the higher oxidation state of X)-ite anions derived from the -ous acid (the lower oxidation state of X)HNO3 nitric acidNaNO3 sodium nitrateHNO2 nitrous acidNaNO2 sodium nitriteSO42- sulfateSO32- sulfiteAgClO4 silver perchlorateNaIO3 sodium iodateKClO2 potassium chloriteKBrO potassium hypobromiteMnO42- manganateMnO4- permanganateAcid salt 酸式盐Using “hydrogen”to specify “H”NaHSO4 sodium hydrogen sulfateNaH2PO4 sodium dihydrogen phosphateNa2HPO4 disodium hydrogen phosphate P: phosphorus phosphate磷酸盐(根) Using prefix bi- + name of anion if only one acid salt existsNaHSO4 sodium bisulfateNaHSO3 sodium bisulfiteKHCO3 potassium bicarbonate5)Metals（M）with more than one oxidation state2/5Two methods:①后缀法: 早期使用stem of M + -ic the higher oxidation state of Mstem of M + -ous the lower oxidation state of MHgI2 mercuric iodideHg2I2 mercurous iodide Hg:mercury Cr2+ chromousCr3+ chromic Cr: chromium注：In most cases, Latin stem is used if the metal has symbol derived from itsLatin name.(mercury is an exception))英),copper (拉丁Cu:cuprum (Cu+ cuprousCu2+ cupricCuI cuprous iodideCuS cupric sulfideSn:stannum (拉丁), tin (英)SnCl2 stannous chlorideSnO2 stannic oxideFe:ferrum (拉丁), iron (英)Fe(OH)2 ferrous hydroxideFeBr3 ferric bromide②IUPAC Rule 1957年开始使用English name of metal(Roman numeral)CuBr copper(I) bromideCuF2 copper(II) fluorideSnO tin(II) oxideSnS2 tin(IV) sulfideFe(NO3)2 iron(II) nitrateFe2(SO4)3 iron(III) sulfateUse Greek prefixes希腊文前缀Mon（o）一di二tri三tetr（a）四pent（a）五hex（a）六hepta七octa八nona九1．to specify the number of each atom in the chemical formula.NO2 nitrogen dioxidePCl5 phosphorus pentachlorideCO2 carbon dioxide2．to specify the number of identical central atoms in condensed acids and their corresponding anions.condensed acid缩酸H3PO4 (mono)phosphoric acidH4P2O7 diphosphoric acid3/5H2SO4 sulfuric acidH2S3O10 trisulfuric acidCrO42-铬酸盐(根) chromateCr2O72-重铬酸盐(根)dichromate3. to indicate extent of substitutionPO43- phosphatePS2O23- dithiophosphate thio-硫代?,硫的,含硫的注：The prefixes ortho- and meta- have been used to distinguish acids differingin the “content of water.”ortho- [希腊词头] 正、原（无机酸用）邻（位）（有机化合物命名）meta- [希腊词头] 偏（无机酸用）间（位）（有机化合物命名）ortho-acid 原酸；meta-acid 偏酸H3BO3 orthoboric acid(or boric acid)（原）硼酸偏硼酸(HBO3)n metaboric acidH4SiO4 orthosilicic acid(or silicic acid)原硅酸H2SiO3 metasilicic acid 硅酸（习惯上不叫偏硅酸）H3PO4 orthophosphoric acid (or phosphoric acid)（正）磷酸偏磷酸(HPO3)n metaphosphoric acid。

化学英文命名

H hydrogen ['haidrəudʒən] He helium ['hi:ljəm] Li lithium ['liθiəm] C carbon ['kɑ:bən]N nitrogen ['naitrədʒən] O oxygen ['ɔksidʒən] F fluorine ['flu(:)əri:n] Na sodium ['səudjəm] Mg magnesium [mæg'ni:zjəm] Al aluminum [ə'lu:minəm] Si silicon ['silikən] P phosphorus['fɔsfərəs] S sulfur ['sʌlfə] Cl chlorine ['klɔ:ri:n] K potassium [pə'tæsjəm] Fe iron ['aiən] Ni nickel ['nikl] Cu copper ['kɔpə] Pb lead [li:d] Ca calcium ['kælsiəm] I iodine ['aiədi:n] Ag silver ['silvə] Zn zinc [ziŋk]As arsenic ['ɑ:sənik]Se selenium [si'li:niəm] Br bromine ['brəumi:n] Cd cadmium ['kædmiəm] Hg mercury ['mə:kjuri] Cr chromium['krəumjəm] Mn manganese [.mæŋgə'ni:z]1.1 二元化合物的命名〔1〕金属，非金属金属元素全称 + 非金属元素词干 + ide后缀NaCl— sodium chloride KBr— potassium bromide CaF2 — calcium fluoride KI— potassium iodide ZnS— zinc sulfideCaO— calcium oxide当金属可能有多种化合价时，用后缀-ous表示低价，-ic表示高价。

(完整版)化合物英文命名规则

Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds无机化合物的命名（Prefix词头,前缀Suffix词尾,后缀Stem词根）1.Trivial Names俗名H2O water不说dihydrogen oxideNH3 ammonia不说nitrogen trihydrideCaO quicklimeCaCO3 limestone2.Systematic Nomenclature系统命名1)Oxide氧化物——先命名非氧元素ZnOzinc oxideCaO calcium oxideCO carbon oxideNa2O2 sodium peroxideH2O2hydrogen peroxide 注：peroxide过氧化物2)Hydroxide氢氧化物（base碱）Ba(OH)2 barium hydroxideKOH potassium hydroxide3)Acid酸Hydro acid氢酸General formula通式:HnX 命名：hydro- + stem of X + -ic acid H2S hydrosulfuric acid(英) hydrosulphuric(美) 氢硫酸S:sulfur(英)、sulphur(美) HBr 氢溴酸hydrobromic acidBr: bromine HCl 氢氯酸(盐酸)hydrochloric acidCl: chlorine HF 氢氟酸hydrofluoric acidF: fluorineOxoacid or Oxyacid含氧酸General formula通式:HnXOm 命名：Stem of X + -ic acid 注：oxo- (oxy-) 含氧, 氧代H2SO4 sulfuric acid(英) sulphuric acid(美)H2CO3 carbonic acidH3PO4 phosphoric acid P: phosphorus H3BO3 boric acid B: boron HNO3 nitric acid N: nitrogen If X has two oxidation states：-ic：the higher oxidation state-ous：the lower oxidation stateH2SO4 sulfuric acidH2SO3 sulfurous acid1/5HNO3 nitric acidHNO2 nitrous acidIf X (such as halogens) has more than two oxidation states：halogen卤素per- (过，高) + -ic：the still higher oxidation statehypo- (次,在…下) + -ous：the still lower oxidation stateHClO3 chloric acidHClO2 chlorous acidHClO4 perchloric acidHClO hypochlorous acidHIO hypoiodous acid4)Salt盐General formula通式:MnXm 命名：Name of M stem of X + -ide（-ide…化物）Oxide、chloride、nitride、hydrideKI potassium iodideAl2S3 aluminum sulfideLiH lithium hydrideOxysalt含氧酸盐Name the metal ion first and then the anionNaming anions:-ate anions derived from the -ic acid(the higher oxidation state of X)-ite anions derived from the -ous acid (the lower oxidation state of X)HNO3 nitric acidNaNO3 sodium nitrateHNO2 nitrous acidNaNO2 sodium nitriteSO42- sulfateSO32- sulfiteAgClO4 silver perchlorateNaIO3 sodium iodateKClO2 potassium chloriteKBrO potassium hypobromiteMnO42- manganateMnO4- permanganateAcid salt 酸式盐Using “hydrogen” to specify “H”NaHSO4 sodium hydrogen sulfateNaH2PO4 sodium dihydrogen phosphateNa2HPO4 disodium hydrogen phosphate P: phosphorus phosphate磷酸盐(根) Using prefix bi- + name of anion if only one acid salt existsNaHSO4 sodium bisulfateNaHSO3 sodium bisulfiteKHCO3 potassium bicarbonate5)Metals（M）with more than one oxidation state2/5Two methods:①后缀法: 早期使用stem of M + -ic the higher oxidation state of Mstem of M + -ous the lower oxidation state of MHgI2 mercuric iodideHg2I2 mercurous iodide Hg:mercury Cr2+ chromousCr3+ chromic Cr: chromium注：In most cases, Latin stem is used if the metal has symbol derived from itsLatin name.(mercury is an exception)Cu:cuprum (拉丁),copper (英)Cu+ cuprousCu2+ cupricCuI cuprous iodideCuS cupric sulfideSn:stannum (拉丁), tin (英)SnCl2 stannous chlorideSnO2 stannic oxideFe:ferrum (拉丁), iron (英)Fe(OH)2 ferrous hydroxideFeBr3 ferric bromide②IUPAC Rule 1957年开始使用English name of metal(Roman numeral)CuBr copper(I) bromideCuF2 copper(II) fluorideSnO tin(II) oxideSnS2 tin(IV) sulfideFe(NO3)2 iron(II) nitrateFe2(SO4)3 iron(III) sulfateUse Greek prefixes希腊文前缀Mon（o）一di二tri三tetr（a）四pent（a）五hex（a）六hepta七octa八nona九1．to specify the number of each atom in the chemical formula.NO2 nitrogen dioxidePCl5 phosphorus pentachlorideCO2 carbon dioxide2．to specify the number of identical central atoms in condensed acids and their corresponding anions.condensed acid缩酸H3PO4 (mono)phosphoric acidH4P2O7 diphosphoric acid3/5H2SO4 sulfuric acidH2S3O10 trisulfuric acidCrO42- 铬酸盐(根) chromateCr2O72- 重铬酸盐(根)dichromate3. to indicate extent of substitutionPO43- phosphatePS2O23- dithiophosphate thio-硫代…,硫的,含硫的注：The prefixes ortho- and meta- have been used to distinguish acids differingin the “content of water.”ortho- [希腊词头] 正、原（无机酸用）邻（位）（有机化合物命名）meta- [希腊词头] 偏（无机酸用）间（位）（有机化合物命名）ortho-acid 原酸；meta-acid 偏酸H3BO3 orthoboric acid(or boric acid)（原）硼酸(HBO3)n metaboric acid偏硼酸H4SiO4 orthosilicic acid(or silicic acid)原硅酸H2SiO3 metasilicic acid 硅酸（习惯上不叫偏硅酸）H3PO4 orthophosphoric acid (or phosphoric acid)（正）磷酸(HPO3)n metaphosphoric acid 偏磷酸。

化学专业英语-命名

O F
Oxygen Fluorine
Cl Ar
Chlorine Argon
Common transition elements
Fe: iron
Mn: manganese Hg: mercury Ag: silver Au: gold Ni: nickel
Cu: copper
Zn: zinc
2. The rules of nomenclature
3.2.2 Polyatomic ions containing oxygen
(1) Acid radicals for normal salt (正酸根-ate )
Anion’s name = Central Element’s root -ate
For example:
ClO3- Chlorate
3.2 Naming metal oxide （金属氧化物） Metal oxide = Metal cation + oxide
For example:
FeO Iron(II) oxide (Ferrous oxide)
Fe2O3
Na2O
Iron(III) oxide (Ferric oxide)
For example:
PH3: phosphine或phosphane AsH3: arsine或arsane
SiH4: silane
5. Nonoxide acid (无氧酸)
命名规则：hydro-词根-ic acid
For example：HCl : hydrochloric acid H2S : hydrosulfuric acid HBr : hydrobromic acid HI : hydroiodic acid

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FeCl2— ferrous chloride FeCl3— ferric chlorideCu2O— cuprous oxide CuO— cupric oxideStock 命名法: 当金属可能有多种化合价时，用罗马数字来表示化合物中金属的化合价，并用括号括起，放在金属名称后。

FeCl2— iron (II) chloride FeCl3— iron (III) chloride（2）两种非金属正价元素全称 + 负价元素词干 + ide后缀用拉丁或希腊文前缀放在每种元素之前表示化合物中该元素的原子数mono = 1 di = 2 tri = 3 tetra = 4 penta = 5 hexa = 6 hepta = 7 octa = 8 nona = 9 deca = 10NO2— nitrogen dioxide N2O4— dinitrogen tetroxide CO—carbon monoxide PCl5— phosphorous pentachloride mono, tetra等后面的o,a在后一o前省去（3）二元酸hydro前缀 + 非金属元素词干 + ic后缀 + acidHCl— hydrochloric acid HBr— hydrobromic acid H2S—hydrosulfuric acid1.2 含氧酸的命名酸根离子中非氧元素名称的词干 + ic后缀 + acidH2SO4— sulfuric acid HNO3— nitric acid亚 * 酸：酸根离子中非氧元素名称的词干 + ous后缀 + acidH2SO3— sulfurous acid HNO2— nitrous acid高（过）* 酸：per- + 酸根离子中非氧元素名称的词干 + ic + acidHClO4— perchloric acid 高氯酸次 * 酸：hypo- + 酸根离子中非氧元素名称的词干 + ous + acidH3PO2— hypophosphorous acidHClO— hypochlorous acid 次氯酸HClO4 (Per chloric acid) (高)+ 7 HClO3 (Chloric acid) (正)+ 5 HClO2 (Chlorous acid) (亚)+ 3 HClO (Hypo chlorous acid ) (次)+ 1 1.3 盐的命名（除二元化合物）阳离子全称 + 非氧元素名称的词干 + ate后缀(高价态) + ite后缀(低价态) MgSO4— magnesium sulfate; Na2SO3— sodium sulfite;KNO3 — potassium nitrate; NaNO2 — sodium nitrite;Na3PO4 — sodium phosphat e; K3PO3 — potassium phosphite; 含铵（NH4+）、氰根（CN-）视为二元化合物NH4Cl— ammonium chloride Cl chlorineKCN— potassium cyanide CN cyanogen碱的命名氢氧根（OH-）视同单原子阴离子阳离子全称 + hydroxideAl(OH)3—aluminum hydroxide NaOH— sodium hydroxideNH4 OH— ammonium hydroxide KOH — potassium hydroxidealkane [‘ælkein] 烷烃alkene [‘ælki:n] 烯烃alkyne [‘ælkain] 炔烃aromatic hydrocarbon 芳香烃alcohol ['ælkəhɔl] 醇ester ['estə] 酯ether [‘i:θə] 醚aldehyde ['ældihaid] 醛ketone ['ki:təun] 酮amine [‘æmi:n] 胺carboxylic acid [.kɑ:bɔk'silik] 羧酸2.1Hydrocarbons（烃类命名）2.1.1烷烃（alkane）数字前缀 + -ane （以a结尾的数字直接加-ne）1.甲: meth-2. 乙: eth-3. 丙: prop-4. 丁: buta-5. 戊: penta-6. 己: hexa-7. 庚: hepta-8. 辛: octa-9. 壬: nona- 10. 癸: deca-11.undeca- 12. dodeca- 13. 壬: trideca-methane 甲烷ethane 乙烷propane 丙烷butane 丁烷pentane 戊烷hexane 己烷heptane 庚烷octane 辛烷nonane 壬烷decane 癸烷eicosane 二十烷 triacontane 三十烷tetracontane 四十烷2.1.2 烯烃（alkene ）数字前缀 + -ene（以a结尾的数字去a加-ene ）乙烯 ethene 丙烯 propene 丁烯 butene多烯的命名: 二烯类 --- 数字前缀 + -diene ; 三烯类 --- 数字前缀+ -triene丁二烯: butadiene; 丁三烯: butatriene2.1.3 炔烃（alkyne ）数字前缀 + -yne（以a结尾的数字去a加-yne ）乙炔 ethyne 丙炔 propyne 丁炔 butyne多炔的命名: 二炔类--- 数字前缀+ -diyne己二炔: hexadiyne2.1.4 脂环烃（alicyclic hydrocarbons）烃类名称前 + cyclo-环己烷 cyclohexane 环己烯 cyclohexene2.1.5 烃基（hydrocarbyl）命名将烃类名称的词尾换为–yl甲基: methyl; 乙基: ethyl; 丙基：propyl;丁基：butyl；戊基：pentyl；己基：hexyl；乙烯基: ethenyl; 乙烯 ethene 丁烯基: butenyl; 丁烯 butene乙炔基: ethynyl；乙炔 ethyne异*基 iso–前缀异丙基：isopropyl异丁基：isobutyl支链烃类di = 2 tri = 3以最长的碳链为主链，从一端向另一端编号，使侧链具有最低编号。

用希腊前缀标出基团数量。

3,4,5-trimethylheptane2,2-dimethylpropane3-methyl-1-butene 2.1.6 芳香烃（Aromatic Hydrocarbons）以苯（benzene）作为母体，其它作为取代基。

1,3,5-三甲苯1,3,5-trimethylbenzene异丙基苯isopropylbenzene2.1.7 卤代烃在相应的烃的名称前 + “卤代”fluoro- 氟代（fluorine 氟）chloro- 氯代（chlorine 氯）bromo- 溴代（bromine 溴） iodo- 碘代（iodine 碘）2-氯-2-甲基丙烷 2-chloro-2-methylpropane2.2 其他有机物命名2.2.1 醇、酚（Alcohol, Phenol）在相应烃的名称后，去“-e”加“-ol”（在很多情况下不去“-e” ），用数字中缀表示羟基的位置。

乙醇：ethanol1-丙醇：propan(e)-1-ol 2-甲基-2-丙醇：2-methyl-propan-2-ol2-己烯醇：2-hexen-1-ol如果是二醇或三醇，则加“-diol”或“-triol” 。

1,2-乙二醇：ethane-1,2-diol 苯酚：phenol1,4-苯二酚： benzene-1,4-diol2.2.2 醛（Aldehyde）醛：将烃的名称后去“–e”加“-al”，因为总是在烷链烃的末端，所以不需要表示位置的数字。

HCHO：甲醛，methanal 2-甲基丙醛 2-methylpropanal* 醛基作为取代基时，写为：甲酰基: formyl 乙酰基: acetyl3-甲酰基苯甲酸3-formylbenzoic acidN-乙酰基-1,3-苯二胺N-acetyl-1,3-phenylene diamine2.2.3 酮（Ketone）酮：将烃的名称后去“–e”加“-one”，并有一个表示位置的数字中缀。

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