高考英语语法专题讲解(冠词)

高考英语语法专题讲解（冠词）冠词的用法在英语学习中较为复杂，千头万绪，尤其是惯用法，请同学们平时学习时注意积累。

以下不过是谈谈冠词的一些常规的用法。

一、不定冠词的用法：1、泛指人或事物的类别，相当于any, 如:A hammer is tool. A steel worker makes steel.2、泛指某人或某物。

A boy is waiting for you. There is a book on your desk.3、表one或every。

We work 8 hours a day.I go home twice a month.4、表示the same 的意思。

Birds of a (= the same) feather flock together; people of a kind come together.5、用在不可数名词前a)（用在物质名词前）一种，一份A large coffee for me.It was a wonderful tea.b)（用在某些表示风、雨等的名词前）It was clear daylight now and a fine rain was falling.There is a cold wind this morning.c)（用在抽象名词前）一种That is a great disappointment.It’s a pleasure to work with you.6、（用在某些专有名词前）某个叫…的人，一张…的画，一个象…的人等。

I saw a Mrs. Smith on the 12th at 2:00.He had a Van Gogh in the dining-room.What a strange London they saw!He’s a living Lei Feng.7、用于某些固定词组中。

a few, a little, a good many, a lot of, all of a sudden, as a rule, have a cold等。

8、在元音音素开头的名词前应用an, 如an apple, an English book。

要以发音为准，并非以元音字母而定。

如auniversity, an hour, an “h”, an X-ray examination.二、定冠词的用法。

1、表特定的或上文提到的人或物。

The boy likes the film.Shut the door, please.The old poor peasant has a son. The son is a model worker.2、表示世界上独一无二的东西。

the earth, the moon, the stars, the sun（但space前不用）3、用在序数词、形容词或副词最高级前。

the second, the tallest, the last, the first.4、用在由普通名词构成的国家、党派或组织机构等的专有名词前。

the United States; the People’s Republic of China; the Communist Party of China; the Chinese People’s Liberation Army; the No. 15 Middle School; the department of Education.5、用在某些建筑物名称前。

The Great Hall of the People; the Monument to the People’s Heroes; the Great Wall; the Capital Theatre; the Space Museum; the Peace Hotel。

6、用在江河海洋，山脉群岛，海峡海湾等专有名词前。

The Changjiang River, the Red Sea, the Dabie Mountains, the English Channel, the Taiwan Straits, the Persian Gulf。

7、用在报纸、会议、条约等专有名词前。

the People’s Daily（但：China Daily）the New York Times, the 15th Party Congress, the Geneva Agreement8、用在方位名词前，某些习惯短语中或结构搭配中。

on the left, in the east, in the morning, on the other hand, in the end, hit sb on the head, catch sb by the arm9、用在形容词前表一类人。

the poor, the dead, the young, the rich, the wounded.10、用在双方都知，不言而喻的名词前。

Give me the book. Who’s the man?用在姓氏复数前表示一家人或夫妇二人。

the Smiths, the Greens, the Wangs, the Turners11、用在单数可数名词前泛指某类人或物(指整个一类)。

The horse is a useful animal.The computer was invaded not long ago. （但更多时候表特指：The horse is ill. ）12、指世纪的年代。

in the 1890’s或in the 1890s13、用在表示乐器的名词前。

play the piano (the guitar, the violin, the flute)14、用在某国语言前，构成the … language的形式。

The English language is very widely used all over the world.如果单用国家变来的语言名词形式，则不用the。

Chinese has the largest number of speakers in the world.15、用于“论（或按）……计”之类的意思。

He got paid by the hour. They sell the cloth by the meter.三、不用冠词的场合。

1、专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名前一般不用冠词。

China, Johnson;Air is matter.Sound is invisible.2、当名词已被指示代词、物主代词、名词所有格限制时。

This book is good.I read my English book every day.3、注：指示代词和物主代词亦不能并用。

＊my that book, 应该说：that book of mine.街名、广场名、公园名前。

Wall Street. Tian’anmen Square, Hyde Park.4、省市、大学名前。

Hubei Province (但the Province of Hubei); Wuhan City(但the City of Wuhan); Qinghua University(但：the University of Qinghua)5、湖泊前一般不用冠词。

East Lake, Salt Lake, Dongting Lake6、山峰前不用冠词。

Mount Hua, Mount Tai, Mount Everest7、月份、星期、节日、三餐饭的名词前。

March, Christmas, Sunday;Have you had lunch?Spring is the best season of the years.(但月份或季节被限定则须冠词。

I arrived here in the winter of 1993.)8、称呼语，表示头街或职务作宾补或同位语的名词。

What’s this, John?We made Li Hai monitor.9、学科名、球类、棋类名词六前。

We like maths.They often play football.10、泛指的复数名词前。

Students must work hard at their lesson.11、与by连用的交通工具或表示方式、手段的名词前。

by bus, by hand, by radio, by air, by water.冠词用法巩固练习1.— I’m afraid I dare not speak in ______ public.— Just have ______ try.A. a; 不填;B. 不填; aC. the; aD. the; the2.As you know, _____ man can’t live without ____ water.A. 不填; 不填;B. a; theC. a; 不填;D. 不填; the3.The police have ______ power to arrest bad people by _____ law.A. the; theB. 不填; theC. 不填; 不填;D. the; 不填;4.Paris is ______ most beautiful city, where you can see _____ famous Eiffel Tower.A. a; theB. a; 不填;C. the; aD. 不填; the5.— Do you like the novels?— I don’t like either of them. Please show me _______ third one.A. aB. theC. XD. an6.Keep away from the cage. _____ lion is ______ fierce animal.A. The; theB. A; theC. A; 不填;D. The; a7.The class named _______ Lei Fang is one of the best classed in this school.A. in honor ofB. in the place ofC. in favor ofD. in the way of8.— What about ______ bike?— Do you think it all right to buy him that bike as ____ birthday gift?A. a; aB. the; aC. a; theD. the ; the9.First aid is _____ science of giving ____ medical care to ______ person.A. the; 不填; aB. the; the; aC. a; 不填; theD. 不填; a; the10.Please pay attention to your spelling. You’ve dropped _____ “n” here.A. anB. theC. 不填;D. a11.Bill Clinton took _____ office on January 20th, 1993, and became _______ 42nd US President.A. an; theB. 不填; theC. the; 不填;D. 不填; 不填;12.— Have you seen _______ pen? I left it here this morning?— I think I saw _____ one somewhere. Is it ______ red one?A. a; the; aB. a; a; theC. the; 不填; aD. a; 不填; a13.— The news is spreading from mouth to mouth.— Yes, it’s become ______ talk of _____ town.A. a; aB. the; 不填;C. the; theD. a; 不填;14.Now the machine runs at double _______.A. a speedB. speedC. the speedD. for speed15.— I hope you will be ready to leave on time.— Don’t worry. I’ll be ready ____ the taxi arrives.A. by the timeB. in time forC. at the time ofD. until the time when16.If he goes on swimming in that lake for _____ four hours, he _______ in it for twelve hours.A. another; will have been swimmingB. a; will swimC. other; has swumD. the; will be swimming17.— Charley Oakley, _______ NBA All-star, hasn’t missed ______ game in past three years.— I can’t believe it.A. an; aB. a; theC. the; aD. an; the18.— What did you think of the place?— I didn’t car for it at ____ first, but after _____ time I got to like it.A. 不填; theB. the; aC. the; 不填;D. 不填; a19.— In the past ten years, there have been many changes in family life.— Are these changes ______?A. better or worseB. for best or for worstC. for the good or for the badD. for the better or for the worse20.The letter _______. I should have received it this morning.A. is to be mailedB. has been mailedC. had been mailedD. was being mailed21.Towards ____ morning, _____ heavy snow began to fall.A. the; aB. an; aC. a; 不填; D不填; the22.My mother is usually on ________ duty in her office every ______ few days.A. the; aB. 不填; aC. 不填; 不填;D. a; 不填;23.He has finished _______.A. a day workB. day’s workingC. a day’s workD. a day-work24.— May we come in right now?— Certainly, but only two are allowed ______.A. at a timeB. in a whileC. at one timeD. for a while25.No wonder _____ failed in the driving test for _____ second time.A. has she; theB. she has; theC. has she; aD. she has; a26.— When did you recognize her?— _________ I met her.A. A momentB. The momentC. The moment whenD. For a moment27.— Is this radio show still _______?— No. It will be broadcast again next month.A. by airB. through the airC. on the airD. in the air28.The evening meal for Americans is usually long and _____ for families to gather together.A. timeB. a dateC. a timeD. the date29.Duffield White, who is in _____ charge of the competition, said that the boy was the youngest winner of _______ prize.A不填; a B. the; the C. 不填; the D. one; the30.The building was named Ford Hall ________ a man named James Ford.A. for memory ofB. in the memory thatC. in memory ofD. in a memory for31.Oh, Mary, _______ you have given us! I _______ so soon.A.how pleasant surprise; had no idea that you comeB.how pleasant surprise; don’t suppose you will comeC.how pleasant a surprise; didn’t suppose you would comeD.what pleasant surprise; don’t think you have come32.These two rooms are of _____ size. But another two rooms are three times _____ size of them.A. the; theB. a; theC. a; aD. the; a33.It is not rare in _____ that people in _____ fifties are going to university for further education.A. 90s; theB. the 90s; 不填;C. 90’s; theirD. the 90’s; their34.— What’s your elder sister?— She is ____ teacher and _______ writer.A. the; theB. a; 不填;C. a; aD. the; a35.Professor Smith had not given _____ talk on Shakespeare for a long time, so he had to brush up on some of ______plays.A. 不填; 不填;B. a; theC. the; 不填;D. the; the36.______ played an important roll in field hospitals during the war.A. A X-ray equipmentB. An X-ray equipmentC. X-ray equipmentsD. X-ray equipment37.At midnight they reached _____ small village _____ east of _____ Ever-white Mountain.A. a; 不填; theB. a; 不填; 不填;C. the; the; theD. the; an; an38.Young as he is, David has gained _______ rich experience in _____ society.A. 不填; 不填;B. the; theC. a; 不填;D. 不填; the39.— What do you think of the TV play “Hand in Hand”?— Just so-so. However, I don’t think it is worth watching ________.A. a second timeB. the second timeC. for the second timeD. secondly40.The warmth of ______ sweater will of course be determined by the sort of _____ wool used.A. the; theB. the; 不填C. 不填; theD.不填；不填Key 1—10. BADAA DABAA 11—20. BDDCA AADAD 21—30. ACCAD BCCCC 31—40. CBDBB DAAAB。