托福阅读辅导-老托福阅读真题及答案passage30
托福TPO30阅读Passage2原文文本+题目+答案解析
为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO30阅读Passage2原文文本+题目+答案解析，希望对大家备考有所帮助。
The Pace of Evolutionary Change A heated debate has enlivened recent studiesof evolution.Darwin's original thesis,and theviewpoint supported by evolutionary gradualists,isthat species change continuously but slowly and insmall increments.Such changes are all but invisible over the short time scale of modernobservations,and,it is argued,they are usually obscured by innumerable gaps in theimperfect fossil record.Gradualism,with its stress on the slow pace of change,is a comfortingposition,repeated over and over again in generations of textbooks.By the early twentiethcentury,the question about the rate of evolution had been answered in favor of gradualism tomost biologists'satisfaction. 最近的一个关于进化的研究引发了激烈的争论。
达尔文的原始论点和进化渐进主义者支持的观点是物种会持续地改变，但非常缓慢，增量也很小。
老托福阅读训练答案汇总
【往年真题】老托福阅读训练答案汇总小马过河为大家准备了“【往年真题】老托福阅读训练答案汇总”，供各位备考托福的考生们参考使用，来提高自己的托福成绩！免费咨询电话：400-0123-267PASSAGE 1 BBACC DBCDA BPASSAGE 2 AACCD CABDPASSAGE 3 BDCBB CBDAD CAPASSAGE 4 BBDBD CACAPASSAGE 5 DACCB DBBADPASSAGE 6 DBDBC ACABDPASSAGE 7 BCDCD CBABBPASSAGE 8 DDCCB CADAPASSAGE 9 CBDBD BBAPASSAGE 10 ACDCA BCDBAPASSAGE 11 CAABD CADDPASSAGE 12 CDACB AACCBPASSAGE 13 AACAC CADPASSAGE 14 DCABC DABAC DBAPASSAGE 15 DABDC CDCBD ABPASSAGE 16 DBBCA DCDCDAPASSAGE 17 DAACA DCBCD CAPASSAGE 18 BBBDB CCCDAPASSAGE 19 BBDDC DCBCA CPASSAGE 20 BCACD DCBAAPASSAGE 21 BDCAA BABDPASSAGE 23 BBDBA ACADC DAC PASSAGE 24 BCBBC ADABA A PASSAGE 25 CABBB DDABC A PASSAGE 26 ADDBC DACBA PASSAGE 27 DADBC BBDBA D PASSAGE 28 ACBBA ABCBA PASSAGE 29 ACBDC ABDB PASSAGE 30 DABCC CBCB PASSAGE 31 BDCDD ACBBB C PASSAGE 32 CBDBA DACBD PASSAGE 33 ADADC ABDBB C PASSAGE 34 DCADB CDBBA B PASSAGE 35 CABCA BCDBA PASSAGE 36 BADCC BACBD C PASSAGE 37 BBADA BBCCD PASSAGE 38 BDBDB DAACD B PASSAGE 39 CDAAC BCABB D PASSAGE 40 BDDCC ABADCB PASSAGE 41 CBBCD CDAD PASSAGE 42 CBDDA BCCAC D PASSAGE 43 BBCAA D PASSAGE 44 CBBCA D PASSAGE 45 BCADA DDPASSAGE 47 DCBAD AC PASSAGE 48 DCBAD CCADD PASSAGE 49 BCCBA DBCBD B PASSAGE 50 DCCAC BBCAD PASSAGE 51 BCADB DADD PASSAGE 52 AABDA ADDBD PASSAGE 53 ACBDA ADBD PASSAGE 54 ACCBB DACD PASSAGE 55 ABCCB CABD PASSAGE 56 BDBCC ACAA PASSAGE 57 ABCCC DDAA PASSAGE 58 BABDB CDADC PASSAGE 59 ACBBA ACDB PASSAGE 60 DACDB BACCA PASSAGE 61 BCADD DCA PASSAGE 62 CABDC ABCBD PASSAGE 63 CBDCB ABDCB PASSAGE 64 DCABC AACAD PASSAGE 65 BBADB DACCB PASSAGE 66 CABCD AAABD B PASSAGE 67 BDACB DADCD PASSAGE 68 BAADC CDADB C PASSAGE 69 BABCD ADDBBPASSAGE 71 DBCAD CDCDA B PASSAGE 72 BCCAD DCACA PASSAGE 73 CABCB CBDA PASSAGE 74 CBDAB AADBD PASSAGE 75 ADABC CCDCC PASSAGE 76 BACCD BBBC PASSAGE 77 BCDCD AADAB C PASSAGE 78 BDAAD DCCBD PASSAGE 79 BDBDC AACDB C PASSAGE 80 BCADB ADABA A PASSAGE 81 DABDD ACBDD AB PASSAGE 82 CBADD CCABD PASSAGE 83 CAADC BCBDD C PASSAGE 84 CCAAA BDDDB PASSAGE 85 CBADC CDCCB PASSAGE 86 BBDCC CADBD A PASSAGE 87 ABBDB DCABD PASSAGE 88 ADBCA BBCD PASSAGE 89 CADAD ACBD PASSAGE 90 CCADB CACC PASSAGE 91 CBBAA DCACC PASSAGE 92 ABDAC DCCCC PASSAGE 93 CAACB DCBCA DPASSAGE 95 ABCCB ADBAADPASSAGE 96 CBCDA ABACCPASSAGE 97 BCDAD CACDCPASSAGE 98 DCCBD DBBACPASSAGE 99 CDCBC BCBAC DPASSAGE 100 BAACD DBCAA C来源于：小马过河相关推荐：托福阅读常出现的9个深度句托福阅读利剑之语法托福阅读解题方法之《主旨题》。
托福资料之老托阅读100篇【完整版】.docx
托福资料之老托阅读 100 篇【完整版】老托阅读 100 篇相对 TPO 要简单一些，也是伴随托福备考学员的很重要的一份资料，对于基础薄弱，做 TPO 真题阅读需要过渡的考生来说再适合不过了，为方便考生备考，太傻留学托福考试频道特意将这100 篇托福阅读理解为考生做了归纳和整理，考生只要收藏此页面，就可以在需要的时候打开进行练习了!Toefl 资料下载之老托阅读100 篇【完整版】PASSAGE 1: 冰箱的发展PASSAGE 2: 水循环PASSAGE 3: 印第安人变篮子的故事PASSAGE 4: 哈德逊河派的绘画PASSAGE 6: 硫酸钾在造玻璃和肥皂时的作PASSAGE 5: 创造文化的材料和技术用PASSAGE 7:Philadelphia's 如何发展成商业PASSAGE 8: 为什么大型动物要生活在热带中心雨林PASSAGE 9: 孟买象化石的发现地PASSAGE 10: 人类饮食活动的变化PASSAGE 11: 竹屋怎样防御外界的侵害PASSAGE 12: 动物在岩石上产卵PASSAGE 13: 地球表面岩石的生长与分类PASSAGE 14: 电视对美国政治的影响PASSAGE 15: 菌类对农业的影响PASSAGE 16: 鸟的祖先PASSAGE 17: 鹦鹉产卵的方式PASSAGE 18: 女性对美国建立初期的贡献PASSAGE 19: 北美城市的发展PASSAGE 20: 壁炉的构造PASSAGE 21: 美国早期雕塑的发展PASSAGE 22: 北美城市的发展改革PASSAGE 23: 美国早期城市功能的发展PASSAGE 24: 地球极地激光的形成和外形PASSAGE 25: 营养学研究的历史PASSAGE 26: 关于某彗星的介绍PASSAGE 28:19 世纪末 20 世纪初艺术的发PASSAGE 27: 土壤分解法展PASSAGE 29:一种农业机器在美国的普遍PASSAGE 30: 蝴蝶的种类使用PASSAGE 31: 房租租金的控制PASSAGE 32: 西方艺术发展史PASSAGE 33: 关于做决定的研究PASSAGE 34: 城市的发展以及移民PASSAGE 35: 一种岩洞对观察天象的影响PASSAGE 36: 美国水彩画协会的发展PASSAGE 37: 人的声音对个性的影响PASSAGE 38 : 有关冰河时代的PASSAGE 39: 印第安人捕鱼的生活方式PASSAGE 40: 一周工人工作时间的演变PASSAGE 42:美国铁路发展给美国带来的PASSAGE 41: 地球物种灭绝的分析影响PASSAGE 43: 抗感染药的发明PASSAGE 44: 大脑中神经系统的结构PASSAGE 45:19 世纪的家庭工作PASSAGE 46: 宾夕法尼亚暖气锅炉的改造PASSAGE 47: 美国在 20 世纪初对移民者的PASSAGE 48: 不同领导的领导风格介绍PASSAGE 50:19 世纪艺术在工业社会中的PASSAGE 49: 古代陶瓷的制作方式角色PASSAGE 51 : 美国建立自然生态保护园的PASSAGE 52:美国劳动力从农业到工业的介绍转变PASSAGE 54:被作曲家采用越来越多的音PASSAGE 53: 玻璃纤维的使用方法乐元素PASSAGE 55: 建立公园的计划PASSAGE 56: 民歌定义的不同理解PASSAGE 58:从狩猎到农业的改变对人类PASSAGE 57: 希腊陶瓷技术的发展生活的影响PASSAGE 60: 美国棉花 19 时期作为重要的PASSAGE 59: 历史上第一只鸟的介绍出口商品PASSAGE61: 北美农业殖民地艺术家作品PASSAGE 62: 关于鸟换毛的事PASSAGE 63: 鸟躲避侵略者的三种策略PASSAGE 64: 蚂蚁工作方式的介绍PASSAGE 65: 彗星的 coma 的形成PASSAGE 66: 小孩学说话PASSAGE 67: 某个奇特地方的植被PASSAGE 68: 北美陶瓷的制作PASSAGE 69:美国报纸上气象报道图的变PASSAGE 70: 鸟搭窝的方式化PASSAGE 71: 地理位置对城市发展的影响PASSAGE 72: 哈莱姆文艺复兴PASSAGE 73: 科技与工业化联系PASSAGE 74: 冰川的形成及融化PASSAGE 75:早期狩猎对大型体格动物灭PASSAGE 76: 泥土的形成及其用途绝的影响PSSAGE 77: 生物灭绝的原因PASSAGE 78: 远古的文字PASSAGE 79: 动物行为的研究PASSAGE 80: 美国调查方式的实施PASSAGE 82:婴幼儿时期的模仿对人和动PASSAGE 81: 木星的简介物的影响PASSAGE 83:美国现实主义和自然主义作PASSAGE 84: 美国早期印刷业的内容家介绍PASSAGE 85: 郁金香在北美殖民地的发展PASSAGE 86: 蚂蚁生存使用的各种信号PASSAGE 87: 热能在大气中传输PASSAGE 88: 化石的形成PASSAGE 90:某时期变化对海洋生物的影PASSAGE 89:19 世纪静物艺术品响PASSAGE 91:不同时期艺术装饰风格的简PASSAGE 92: 岩石层对气候的影响介PASSAGE 94:美国工业化给美国经济带来PASSAGE 93: 洛杉矶城市的发展的改变PASSAGE 95:昆虫怎样用信息素来传递信PASSAGE 96:Homestead Act 的弊端息PASSAGE 97: 对月亮两个区域的研究PASSAGE 98 : 松鼠吃橡果的迷PASSAGE 99 : 碳水化合物和气温的关系PASSAGE 100: 小提琴的发展和使用原文网址：托福考试：。
托福备考托福阅读34套TPO样题+解析+译文30—3 The Invention of the Mechanical Clock
托福考试 复习TPO 30—3 The Invention of the Mechanical Clock原文：【1】In Europe, before the introduction of the mechanical clock, people told time by sun (using, for example, shadow sticks or sun dials) and water clocks. Sun clocks worked, of course, only on clear days; water clocks misbehaved when the temperature fell toward freezing, to say nothing of long-run drift as the result of sedimentation and clogging. Both these devices worked well in sunny climates; but in northern Europe the sun may be hidden by clouds for weeks at a time, while temperatures vary not only seasonally but from day to night.【2】Medieval Europe gave new importance to reliable time. The Catholic Church had its seven daily prayers, one of which was at night, requiring an alarm arrangement to waken monks before dawn. And then the new cities and towns, squeezed by their walls, had to know and order time in order to organize collective activity and ration space. They set a time to go to sleep. All this was compatible with older devices so long as there was only one authoritative timekeeper; but with urban growth and the multiplication of time signals, discrepancy brought discord and strife. Society needed a more dependable instrument of time measurement and found it in the mechanical clock.【3】We do not know who invented this machine, or where. It seems to have appeared in Italy and England (perhaps simultaneous invention) between 1275 and 1300. Once known, it spread rapidly, driving out water clocks but not solar dials, which were needed to check the new machines against the timekeeper of last resort.These early versions were rudimentary, inaccurate, and prone to breakdown. 【4】Ironically, the new machine tended to undermine Catholic Church authority. Although church ritual had sustained an interest in timekeeping throughout the centuries of urban collapse that followed the fall of Rome, church time was nature’s time. Day and night were divided into the same number of parts, so that except at the equinoxes, days and night hours were unequal; and then of course the length of these hours varied with the seasons. But the mechanical clock kept equal hours, and this implied a new time reckoning. The Catholic Church resisted, not coming over to the new hours for about a century. From the start, however, the towns and cities took equal hours as their standard, and the public clocks installed in town halls and market squares became the very symbol of a new, secular municipal authority. Every town wanted one; conquerors seized them as especially precious spoils of war; tourists came to see and hear these machines the way they made pilgrimages to sacred relics.【5】The clock was the greatest achievement of medieval mechanical ingenuity. Its general accuracy could be checked against easily observed phenomena, like the rising and setting of the sun. The result was relentless pressure to improve technique and design. At every stage, clockmakers led the way to accuracy and precision; they became masters of miniaturization, detectors and correctors of error, searchers for new and better. They were thus the pioneers of mechanical engineering and served as examples and teachers to other branches of engineering.【6】The clock brought order and control, both collective and personal. Its publicdisplay and private possession laid the basis for temporal autonomy: people could now coordinate comings and goings without dictation from above. The clock provided the punctuation marks for group activity, while enabling individuals to order their own work (and that of others) so as to enhance productivity. Indeed, the very notion of productivity is a by-product of the clock: once one can relate performance to uniform time units, work is never the same. One moves from the task-oriented time consciousness of the peasant (working on job after another, as time and light permit) and the time-filling busyness of the domestic servant (who always had something to do) to an effort to maximize product per unit of time.题目：1.Why does the author provide the information that "in northern Europe the sun may be hidden by clouds for weeks at a time, while temperatures vary not only seasonally but from day to night"?A.T o emphasize the variety of environments in which people used sun and water clocks to tell time.B.To illustrate the disadvantage of sun and water clocks.C.To provide an example of an area where water clocks have an advantage over sun clocks.D.T o counter the claim that sun and water clocks were used all over Europe.2.According to paragraph 2, all of the following are examples of the importance oftimekeeping to medieval European society EXCEPTA.the need of different towns to coordinate timekeeping with each other.B.the setting of specific times for the opening and closing of markets.C.the setting of specific time for the start and finish of the working day.D.the regulation of the performance of daily church rituals.3.According to paragraph 2, why did the medieval church need an alarm arrangement?A.The alarm warned the monks of discord or strife in the town.B.The church was responsible for regulating working hours and market hours.C.The alarm was needed in case fires were not put out each night.D.One of the church's daily rituals occurred during the night.4.The word "authoritative" in the passage（paragraph 2）is closest in meaning toA.actual.B.important.C.official.D.effective.5.The author uses the phrase "the timekeeper of last resort" to refer toA.water clocks.B.the sun.C.mechanical clocks.D.the church.6.The word "rudimentary" in the passage（paragraph 3）is closest in meaning toA.rare.B.small.C.impractical.D.basic.7.According to paragraph 4, how did the Catholic Church react to the introduction of mechanical clocks?A.Its used mechanical clocks through the period of urban collapse.B.It used clocks to better understand natural phenomena, like equinoxes.C.It tried to preserve its own method of keeping time, which was different from mechanical-clock time.D.It used mechanical clocks to challenge secular, town authorities.8.The word "installed" in the passage（paragraph 4）is closest in meaning toA.required.B.expected by the majority of people.C.standardized.D.put in place.9.It can be inferred from paragraph 5 that medieval clockmakersA.were able to continually make improvements in the accuracy of mechanical clocks.B.were sometimes not well respected by other engineers.C.sometimes made claims about the accuracy of mechanical clocks that were not true.D.rarely shared their expertise with other engineers.10.Paragraph 5 answers which of the following questions about mechanical clocks.A.How did early mechanical clocks work?B.Why did the design of mechanical clocks affect engineering in general?C.How were mechanical clocks made?D.What influenced the design of the first mechanical clock?11.The word "pioneers" in the passage isclosest in meaning toA.leaders.B.opponents.C.employers.D.guardians.12.According to paragraph 6, how did the mechanical clock affect labor?A.It encouraged workers to do more time-filling busywork.B.It enabled workers to be more task oriented.C.It pushed workers to work more hours every day.D.It led to a focus on productivity.13. Look at the four squares[■] that indicate where the following sentence can be added to the passage. Where would the sentence best fit? The division of time no longer reflected the organization of religious ritual.Ironically, the new machine tended to undermine Catholic Church authority. Although church ritual had sustained an interest in timekeeping throughout the centuries of urban collapse that followed the fall of Rome,church time was nature's time.■【A】Day and night were divided into the same number of parts, so that exceptat the equinoxes, days and night hours were unequal;and then of course the length of these hours varied with the seasons.■【B】But the mechanical clock kept equal hours, and this implied a new time reckoning.■【C】The Catholic Church resisted, not coming over to the new hours for about acentury.■【D】From the start, however, the towns and cities took equal hours as their standard, and the public clocks installed in town halls and market squares became the very symbol of a new, secular municipal authority. Every town wanted one; conquerors seized them as especially precious spoils of war;tourists came to see and hear these machines the way they made pilgrimages to sacred relics.14. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.The introduction of the mechanical clock caused important changes to the society of medieval Europe.A.The increasing complexity of social and economic activity in medieval Europe led to the need for a more dependable means of keeping time than sun and water clocks provided.B.Because they were unreliable even in sunny climates, sun clocks and water clocks were rarely used in Europe, even before the invention of the mechanical clock.C.Before the mechanical clock, every city wanted a large number of timekeepersbecause more timekeepers allowed for better organization of collective activities.D.Soon after the invention of mechanical clocks, sun and water clocks became obsolete because mechanical clocks were far more accurate.E.Predators help maintain biological diversity by limiting populations of a dominant competitor species, thereby preventing that species from excluding others.F.The removal of sea stars reduces the diversity of the community in which they are predators, and is therefore a bad idea.答案：1.从第一段的第二句开始，原文列举了这两种device各种的缺点，最后一句前半句说它们work，后面but表转折，证明要说有些情况它们不能用。
托福资料之老托阅读100篇【完整版】
PASSAGE 33:关于做决定的研究
PASSAGE 34:城市的发展以及移民
PASSAGE 35:一种岩洞对观察天象的影响
PASSAGE 36:美国水彩画协会的发展
PASSAGE 37:人的声音对个性的影响
PASSAGE 38 :有关冰河时代的
PASSAGE 39:印第安人捕鱼的生活方式
PASSAGE 78:远古的文字
PASSAGE 79:动物行为的研究
PASSAGE 80:美国调查方式的实施
PASSAGE 81:木星的简介
PASSAGE 82:婴幼儿时期的模仿对人和动物的影响
PASSAGE 83:美国现实主义和自然主义作家介绍
PASSAGE 84:美国早期印刷业的内容
PASSAGE 85: 郁金香在北美殖民地的发展
PASSAGE 70:鸟搭窝的方式
PASSAGE 71:地理位置对城市发展的影响
PASSAGE 72:哈莱姆文艺复兴
PASSAGE 73:科技与工业化联系
PASSAGE 74:冰川的形成及融化
PASSAGE 75:早期狩猎对大型体格动物灭绝的影响
PASSAGE 76:泥土的形成及其用途
PSSAGE 77:生物灭绝的原因
PASSAGE 16:鸟的祖先
PASSAGE 17:鹦鹉产卵的方式
PASSAGE 18:女性对美国建立初期的贡献
PASSAGE 19:北美城市的发展
PASSAGE 20:壁炉的构造
PASSAGE 21:美国早期雕塑的发展
PASSAGE 22:北美城市的发展改革
PASSAGE 23:美国早期城市功能的发展
PASSAGE 94:美国工业化给美国经济带来的改变
托福阅读参考答案
托福阅读参考答案托福阅读参考答案托福阅读是考生们备考过程中需要重点关注的一项内容。
在阅读部分，考生需要阅读一篇短文，并回答相关的问题。
然而，很多考生在备考过程中经常会遇到一些困扰，比如对于某些题目的答案不太确定，或者对于一些细节性的问题感到困惑。
为了帮助考生们更好地备考，本文将提供一些托福阅读参考答案，并探讨一些备考技巧。
首先，对于阅读部分的参考答案，考生需要注意的是，托福阅读并不是要求考生完全理解文章的每一个细节，而是要求考生能够根据文章的主旨和关键信息来回答问题。
因此，在回答问题时，考生应该注重抓住文章的中心思想和主要观点，而不是纠结于一些细节性的问题。
其次，在备考过程中，考生可以通过阅读一些经典的托福阅读材料，来提高自己的阅读理解能力。
这些经典的阅读材料往往会涉及到一些常见的话题，比如科学、文化、历史等，考生可以通过阅读这些材料，了解一些常见的词汇和表达方式，并提前熟悉这些话题的相关知识，从而在考试中更好地理解文章和回答问题。
此外，考生在备考过程中还可以通过做一些练习题来提高自己的阅读能力。
托福阅读练习题往往会涉及到不同的题型，比如细节题、推理题、态度题等，考生可以通过做这些题目，熟悉不同题型的解题思路，并提高自己的解题速度和准确性。
最后，考生在备考过程中还需要注意一些细节。
比如，在阅读文章时，考生可以通过快速浏览文章的标题、段落开头和结尾等部分，来抓住文章的主旨和关键信息。
此外，在回答问题时，考生可以通过排除法来确定答案，即先排除一些明显错误的选项，然后再从剩下的选项中选择最合适的答案。
综上所述，托福阅读参考答案对于考生们备考过程中的困扰是非常有帮助的。
考生们可以通过阅读经典的托福阅读材料，做一些练习题，熟悉不同题型的解题思路，并注意一些备考技巧，来提高自己的阅读能力和解题水平。
希望本文的内容对考生们备考托福阅读有所帮助。
托福TPO30阅读Passage1原文文本+题目+答案解析
为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO30阅读Passage1原文文本+题目+答案解析，希望对大家备考有所帮助。
Role of Play in Development Play is easier to define with examples than withconcepts.In any case,in animals it consists ofleaping,running,climbing,throwing,wrestling,andother movements,either along,with objects,or withother animals.Depending on the species,play may be primarily for social interaction,exercise,or exploration.One of the problems in providing a clear definition of play is that itinvolves the same behaviors that take place in other circumstance—dominance,predation,competition,and real fighting.Thus,whether play occurs or not depends on the intention ofthe animals,and the intentions are not always clear from behaviors alone. 用例证来定义玩耍要比用概念简单得多。
在任何情况下，动物间的玩耍都包括跳跃，奔跑，攀登，投掷，格斗和另外的一些动作，而玩耍的对象可能有其它物品或者动物。
根据物种的不同，玩耍的目的主要包括社交，锻炼，或探索。
定义“玩耍”的难点之一是，玩耍过程中常常包含一些与其它情况下相似的行为，例如统治，捕食，竞争和搏斗。
托福阅读TPO30答案解析
Role of Play in DevelopmentPlay is easier to define with examples than withconcepts. In any case, in animals it consists ofleaping, running, climbing, throwing, wrestling, andother movements, either along, with objects, or withother animals. Depending on the species, play may be primarily for socialinteraction,exercise, or exploration. One of the problems in providing a clear definition of play is that itinvolves the same behaviors that take place in other circumstance—dominance, predation,competition, and real fighting. Thus, whether play occurs or not depends on the intention ofthe animals, and the intentions are not always clear from behaviors alone.用例证来定义玩耍要比用概念简单得多。
在任何情况下，动物间的玩耍都包括跳跃，奔跑，攀登，投掷，格斗和另外的一些动作，而玩耍的对象可能有其它物品或者动物。
根据物种的不同，玩耍的目的主要包括社交，锻炼，或探索。
定义“玩耍”的难点之一是，玩耍过程中常常包含一些与其它情况下相似的行为，例如统治，捕食，竞争和搏斗。
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托福阅读辅导:老托福阅读真题及答案passage30为了关怀大家备考托福阅读，练习更多阅读题目。
提高阅读水平，下面我给大家带来托福阅读辅导:老托福阅读真题及答案PASSAGE30，希望对大家有所关怀!老托福阅读文本passage30Butterflies are among the most extensively studied insects — it is estimated that 90 percent of the worlds species have scientific names. As a consequence, they are perhaps the best group of insects for examining patterns of terrestrial biotic diversity and distribution. Butterflies also have a favorable image with the general public. Hence, they are an excellent group for communicating information on science and conservation issues such as diversity.Perhaps the aspect of butterfly diversity that has received the most attention over the past century is the striking difference in species richness between tropical and temperate regions. For example, in 1875 one biologist pointed out the diversityof butterflies in the Amazon when he mentioned that about 700 species were found within an hours walk, whereas the total number found on the British islands did not exceed 66, and the whole of Europe supported only 321. This early comparison of tropical and temperate butterfly richness has been well confirmed.A general theory of diversity would have to predict not only this difference between temperate and tropical zones, but also patterns within each region, and how these patterns vary among different animal and plant groups. However, for butterflies, variation of species richness within temperate or tropical regions, rather man between them, is poorly understood. Indeed, comparisons of numbers of species among the Amazon basin, tropical Asia, and Africa are still mostly personal communication citations, even for vertebrates. In other words, unlike comparison between temperate and tropical areas, these patterns are still in the documentation phase.In documenting geographical variation in butterfly diversity, some arbitrary, practical decisions are made. Diversity, number of species, and species richness are used synonymously; little is known about the evenness of butterfly distribution. The New World butterflies make up the preponderance of examples because they are the most familiar species. It is hoped that by focusing on them, the errors generated by imperfect and incomplete taxonomy will be minimized.老托福阅读题目passage301. Which aspect of butterflies does the passage mainly discuss?(A) Their physical characteristics(B) Their names(C) Their adaptation to different habitats(D) Their variety2. The word consequence in line 2 is closest in meaning to(A) result(B) explanation(C) analysis(D) requirement3. Butterflies are a good example for communicating information about conservation issues because they(A) are simple in structure(B) are viewed positively by people(C) have been given scientific names(D) are found mainly in temperate climates4. The word striking in line 8 is closest in meaning to(A) physical(B) confusing(C) noticeable(D) successful5. The word exceed in line 11 is closest in meaning to(A) locate(B) allow(C) go beyond(D) come close to6. All of the following are mentioned as being important parts of a general theory of diversity EXCEPT(A) differences between temperate and tropical zones(B) patterns of distribution of species in each region(C) migration among temperate and tropical zones(D) variation of patterns of distribution of species among different animals and plants7. The author mentions tropical Asia in lines 19 as an example of a location where(A) butterfly behavior varies with climate(B) a general theory of butterfly diversity has not yet been firmly established(C) butterflies are affected by human populations(D) documenting plant species is more difficult than documenting butterfly species8. Which of the following is NOT well understood by biologists?(A) European butterfly habitats(B) Differences in species richness between temperate and tropical regions(C) Differences in species richness within a temperate or a tropical region(D) Comparisons of behavior patterns of butterflies and certain animal groups9. The word generated in line 26 is closest in meaning to(A) requested(B) caused(C) assisted(D) estimated老托福〔阅读答案〕passage30DABCC CBCB4个Tip攻克托福阅读词汇题托福中的词汇题是不是让同学们的都很手足无措，可能新手考生还不太明白什么是阅读中的词汇题，即选择4个选项中和原文某一词汇意义表达相同的选项，题目基本都为The word X in the passage is closest in meaning to ......为什么很多考生会对词汇题束手无措?一方面是因为考生的词汇量达不到，OG中词汇题的解释里有一句话，there is no list of words that must be tested. 这句话就告知考生死了那条心去背所谓的大纲词汇，因为没有大纲，而考试中要考查到的单词可能是来自牛津字典或朗文字典中的任何一个单词，范围大的离谱;而另一方面则是因为有的考生没有学会从上下文或者从语法结构去猜测词义。