老托福阅读真题及答案：PASSAGE2
托福TPO27阅读Passage2原文文本+题目+答案解析
为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO27阅读Passage2原文文本+题目+答案解析，希望对大家备考有所帮助。
The Formation of Volcanic I Earth’s surface is not made up of a single sheetof rock that forms a crust but rather a number of“tectonic plates”that fit closely,like the pieces of agiant jigsaw puzzle.Some plates carry islands orcontinents others form the seafloor.All are slowly moving because the plates float on a densersemi-liquid mantle,the layer between the crust and Earth’s core.The plates have edges thatare spreading ridges(where two plates are moving apart and new seafloor is being created),subduction zones(where two plates collide and one plunges beneath the other),or transformfaults(where two plates neither converge nor diverge but merely move past one another).Itis at the boundaries between plates that most of Earth’s volcanism and earthquake activityoccur. 地球的外壳并不是由单块岩石形成的，而是许多的“构造板块”严密的组合在一起的，就像是一个巨大的拼图。
托福备考托福阅读34套TPO样题+解析+译文TPO2--1 The Origins of Cetaceans
托福考试 复习托福阅读TPO2(试题+答案+译文)第1篇:The Origins of Cetaceans托福阅读原文It should be obvious that cetaceans—whales, porpoises, and dolphins—are mammals. They breathe through lungs, not through gills, and give birth to live young. Their streamlined bodies, the absence of hind legs, and the presence of a fluke1 andblowhole2 cannot disguise their affinities with land dwelling mammals. However, unlike the cases of sea otters and pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, and walruses, whose limbs are functional both on land and at sea), it is not easy to envision what the first whales looked like. Extinct but already fully marine cetaceans are known from the fossil record. How was the gap between a walking mammal and a swimming whale bridged? Missing until recently were fossils clearly intermediate, or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans.Very exciting discoveries have finally allowed scientists to reconstruct the most likely origins of cetaceans. In 1979, a team looking for fossils in northern Pakistan found what proved to be the oldest fossil whale. The fossil was officially named Pakicetus in honor of the country where the discovery was made. Pakicetus was found embedded in rocks formedfrom river deposits that were 52 million years old. The river that formed these deposits was actually not far from an ancient ocean known as the Tethys Sea.The fossil consists of a complete skull of an archaeocyte, an extinct group of ancestors of modern cetaceans. Although limited to a skull, the Pakicetus fossil provides precious details on the origins of cetaceans. The skull is cetacean-like but its jawbones lack the enlarged space that is filled with factor oil and used for receiving underwater sound in modern whales. Pakicetus probably detected sound through the ear opening as in land mammals. The skull also lacks a blowhole, another cetacean adaptation for diving. Other features, however, show experts that Pakicetus is a transitional form between a group of extinct flesh-eating mammals, the mesonychids, and cetaceans. It has been suggested that Pakicetus fed on fish in shallow water and was not yet adapted for life in the open ocean. It probably bred and gave birth on land.Another major discovery was made in Egypt in 1989. Several skeletons of another early whale, Basilosaurus, were found in sediments left by the Tethys Sea and now exposed in the Sahara desert. This whale lived around 40 million years ago, 12million years after Pakicetus. Many incomplete skeletons were found but they included, for the first time in anarchaeocyte, a complete hind leg that features a foot with three tiny toes. Such legs would have been far too small to have supported the 50-foot-long Basilosaurus on land. Basilosaurus was undoubtedly a fully marine whale with possibly nonfunctional, or vestigial, hind legs.An even more exciting find was reported in 1994, also from Pakistan. The now extinct whale Ambulocetus natans ("the walking whale that swam") lived in the Tethys Sea 49 million years ago. It lived around 3 million years after Pakicetus but 9 million before Basilosaurus. The fossil luckily includes a good portion of the hind legs. The legs were strong and ended in long feet very much like those of a modern pinniped. The legs were certainly functional both on land and at sea. The whale retained a tail and lacked a fluke, the major means of locomotion in modern cetaceans. The structure of the backbone shows, however, that Ambulocetus swam like modern whales by moving the rear portion of its body up and down, even though a fluke was missing. The large hind legs were used for propulsion in water. On land, where it probably bred and gave birth, Ambulocetus may have moved around very much like a modern sea lion. It was undoubtedly a whale that linked life on land with life at sea.1. Fluke: the two parts that constitute the large triangular tail of a whale2. Blowhole: a hole in the top of the head used for breathing托福阅读试题1. In paragraph 1, what does the author say about the presence of a blowhole in cetaceans?A.It clearly indicates that cetaceans are mammals.B.It cannot conceal the fact that cetaceans are mammals.C.It is the main difference between cetaceans and land-dwelling mammals.D.It cannot yield clues about the origins of cetaceans.2. Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about early sea otters?A.It is not difficult to imagine what they looked likeB.There were great numbers of them.C.They lived in the sea only.D.They did not leave many fossil remains.3. The word precious (paragraph 3)in the passage is closest in meaning toA.ExactB.ScarceC.ValuableD.Initial4. Pakicetus and modern cetaceans have similarA.Hearing structuresB.Adaptations for divingC.Skull shapesD.Breeding locations5. The word it(paragraph 3)in the passage paragraph 3 refers toA.PakicetusB.FishC.LifeD.ocean6. The word exposed in the passage(paragraph 4)is closest in meaning toA.ExplainedB.VisibleC.IdentifiedD.Located7. The hind leg of Basilosaurus was a significant find because it showed that BasilosaurusA.Lived later than Ambulocetus natansB.Lived at the same time as PakicetusC.Was able to swim wellD.Could not have walked on land8. It can be inferred that Basilosaurus bred and gave birth in which of the following locationsA.On landB.Both on land and at seaC.In shallow waterD.In a marine environment9. Why does the author use the word luckily in mentioning that the Ambulocetus natans fossil included hind legs?A.Fossil legs of early whales are a rare find.B.The legs provided important information about the evolution of cetaceans.C.The discovery allowed scientists to reconstruct a complete skeleton of the whale.D.Until that time, only the front legs of early whales had been discovered.10. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage?A.Even though Ambulocetus swam by moving its body up and down, it did not have a backbone.B.The backbone of Ambulocetus, which allowed it to swim, providesevidence of its missing fluke.C.Although Ambulocetus had no fluke, its backbone structure shows that it swam like modern whales.D.By moving the rear parts of their bodies up and down, modern whales swim in a different way from the way Ambulocetus swam.11. The word propulsion(paragraph 5)in the passage is closest in meaning toA.Staying afloatB.Changing directionC.Decreasing weightD.Moving forward12. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence can be added to the passage.Where would the sentence best fit?This is a question that has puzzled scientists for ages.Extinct but already fully marine cetaceans are known from the fossil record. ■【A】How was the gap between a walking mammal and a swimming whale bridged? ■【B】Missing until recently were fossils clearly intermediate, or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans.■【C】Very exciting discoveries have finally allowed scientists to reconstruct the most likely origins of cetaceans. ■【D】In 1979, a team looking for fossils in northern Pakistan found what proved to be the oldest fossil whale.13. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some answer choices do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.This passage discusses fossils that help to explain the likely origins of cetaceans-whales, porpoises, and dolphins.A.Recent discoveries of fossils have helped to show the link between landmammals and cetaceans.B.The discovery of Ambulocetus natans provided evidence for a whale that lived both on land and at sea.C.The skeleton of Basilosaurus was found in what had been the Tethys Sea, an area rich in fossil evidence.D.Pakicetus is the oldest fossil whale yet to be found.E.Fossils thought to be transitional forms between walking mammals and swimming whales were found.F.Ambulocetus' hind legs were used for propulsion in the water.托福阅读答案1-6. BACCAB7-12.DDBCDB13. ABE。
托福TPO6Part2阅读文本及答案解析
托福TPO6Part2阅读文本及答案解析托福TPO是我们托福阅读的重要参考资料，为了方便大家备考，下面小编给大家整理了托福TPO6Part2阅读文本及答案解析，希望大家喜欢。
托福TPO6阅读文本Part2William SmithIn 1769 in a little town in Oxfordshire, England, a child with the very ordinary name of William Smith was born into the poor family of a village blacksmith. He received rudimentary village schooling, but mostly he roamed his uncle's farm collecting the fossils that were so abundant in the rocks of the Cotswold hills. When he grew older, William Smith taught himself surveying from books he bought with his small savings, and at the age of eighteen he was apprenticed to a surveyor of the local parish. He then proceeded to teach himself geology, and when he was twenty-four, he went to work for the company that was excavating the Somerset Coal Canal in the south of England.This was before the steam locomotive, and canal building was at its height. The companies building the canals to transport coal needed surveyors to help them find the coal deposits worth mining as well as to determine the best courses for the canals. This job gave Smith an opportunity to study the fresh rock outcrops created by the newly dug canal. He later worked on similar jobs across the length and breadth of England, all the while studying the newly revealed strata and collecting all the fossils he could find. Smith used mail coaches to travel as much as 10,000 miles per year. In 1815 he published the first modern geological map, "A Map of the Strata of England and Wales with a Part of Scotland," a map so meticulously researched that it canstill be used today.In 1831 when Smith was finally recognized by the Geological Society of London as the "father of English geology," it was not only for his maps but also for something even more important. Ever since people had begun to catalog the strata in particular outcrops, there had been the hope that these could somehow be used to calculate geological time. But as more and more accumulations of strata were cataloged in more and more places, it became clear that the sequences of rocks sometimes differed from region to region and that no rock type was ever going to become a reliable time marker throughout the world. Even without the problem of regional differences, rocks present a difficulty as unique time markers. Quartz is quartz-a silicon ion surrounded by four oxygen ions-there's no difference at all between two-million-year-old Pleistocene quartz and Cambrian quartz created over 500 million years ago.As he collected fossils from strata throughout England, Smith began to see that the fossils told a different story from the rocks. Particularly in the younger strata, the rocks were often so similar that he had trouble distinguishing the strata, but he never had trouble telling the fossils apart. While rock between two consistent strata might in one place be shale and in another sandstone, the fossils in that shale or sandstone were always the same. Some fossils endured through so many millions of years that they appear in many strata, but others occur only in a few strata, and a few species had their births and extinctions within one particular stratum. Fossils are thus identifying markers for particular periods in Earth's history.Not only could Smith identify rock strata by the fossils they contained, he could also see a pattern emerging: certain fossilsalways appear in more ancient sediments, while others begin to be seen as the strata become more recent. By following the fossils, Smith was able to put all the strata of England's earth into relative temporal sequence. About the same time, Georges Cuvier made the same discovery while studying the rocks around Paris.Soon it was realized that this principle of faunal (animal) succession was valid not only in England or France but virtually everywhere. It was actually a principle of floral succession as well, because plants showed the same transformation through time as did fauna. Limestone may be found in the Cambrian or-300 million years later-in the Jurassic strata, but a trilobite-the ubiquitous marine arthropod that had its birth in the Cambrian-will never be found in Jurassic strata, nor a dinosaur in the Cambrian.Paragraph 1: In 1769 in a little town in Oxfordshire, England, a child with the very ordinary name of William Smith was born into the poor family of a village blacksmith. He receivedrudimentary village schooling, but mostly he roamed his uncle's farm collecting the fossils that were so abundant in the rocks of the Cotswold hills. When he grew older, William Smith taught himself surveying from books he bought with his small savings, and at the age of eighteen he was apprenticed to a surveyor of the local parish. He then proceeded to teach himself geology, and when he was twenty-four, he went to work for the company that was excavating the Somerset Coal Canal in the south of England.托福TPO6阅读题目Part21. The word "rudimentary" in the passage is closest in meaning to○thorough○strict○basic○occasional2. According to paragraph 1, which of the following statements about William Smith is NOT true?○Smith learned surveying by reading and by apprenticing for a local surveyor.○Smith's family lived in a small English town and possessed little wealth.○Smith learned about fossils from books he borrowed from his uncle.○Smith eventually left his village to work on the excavation of an English canal.Paragraph 2: This was before the steam locomotive, and canal building was at its height. The companies building the canals to transport coal needed surveyors to help them find the coal deposits worth mining as well as to determine the best courses for the canals. This job gave Smith an opportunity to study the fresh rock outcrops created by the newly dug canal. He later worked on similar jobs across the length and breadth of England, all the while studying the newly revealed strata and collecting all the fossils he could find. Smith used mail coaches to travel as much as 10,000 miles per year. In 1815 he published the first modern geological map, "A Map of the Strata of England and Wales with a Part of Scotland," a map so meticulously researched that it can still be used today.3. Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 2 about canal building?○ Canals were built primarily in the south of England ratherthan in other regions.○ Canal building decreased after the steam locomotive was invented.○ Canal building made it difficult to study rock strata which often became damaged in the process.○ Canal builders hired surveyors like Smith to examine exposed rock strata.4. According to paragraph2, which of the following is true of the map published by William Smith?○It indicates the locations of England's major canals.○It became most valuable when the steam locomotive made rail travel possible.○The data for the map were collected during Smith's work on canals.○It is no longer regarded as a geological masterpiece.5. The word "meticulously" in the passage is closest in meaning to○carefully○quickly○frequently○obviouslyParagraph 3: In 1831 when Smith was finally recognized by the Geological Society of London as the "father of English geology," it was not only for his maps but also for something even more important. Ever since people had begun to catalog the strata in particular outcrops, there had been the hope that these could somehow be used to calculate geological time. But as more and more accumulations of strata were cataloged in more and more places, it became clear that the sequences of rocks sometimes differed from region to region and that no rocktype was ever going to become a reliable time marker throughout the world. Even without the problem of regional differences, rocks present a difficulty as unique time markers. Quartz is quartz-a silicon ion surrounded by four oxygen ions-there's no difference at all between two-million-year-old Pleistocene quartz and Cambrian quartz created over 500 million years ago.6. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.○The discovery of regional differences in the sequences of rocks led geologists to believe that rock types could someday become reliable time markers.○Careful analysis of strata revealed that rocks cannot establish geological time because the pattern of rock layers varies from place to place.○Smith's catalogs of rock strata indicated that the sequences of rocks are different from place to place and from region to region.○Because people did no t catalog regional differences in sequences of rocks, it was believed that rocks could never be reliable time markers.7. Why does the author use the phrase "Quartz is quartz"?○To describe how the differences between Pleistocene and Cambrian quartz reveal information about dating rocks ○To point out that the chemical composition of quartz makes it more difficult to date than other rocks○To provide an example of how regional differences in rock sequences can make a particular rock difficult to date○To explain that rocks are difficult to use for dating because their chemical compositions always remain the same over time Paragraph 4: As he collected fossils from strata throughout England, Smith began to see that the fossils told a different story from the rocks. Particularly in the younger strata, the rocks were often so similar that he had trouble distinguishing the strata, but he never had trouble telling the fossils apart. While rock between two consistent strata might in one place be shale and in another sandstone, the fossils in that shale or sandstone were always the same. Some fossils endured through so many millions of years that they appear in many strata, but others occur only in a few strata, and a few species had their births and extinctions within one particular stratum. Fossils are thus identifying markers for particular periods in Earth's history.8. According to paragraph 4, it was difficult for Smith to distinguish rock strata because○the rocks fr om different strata closely resembled each other ○he was often unable to find fossils in the younger rock strata ○their similarity to each other made it difficult for him to distinguish one rock type from another○the type of rock between two consistent st rata was always the same9. The word "endured" in the passage is closest in meaning to○vanished○developed○varied○survivedParagraph 5: Not only could Smith identify rock strata by the fossils they contained, he could also see a pattern emerging:certain fossils always appear in more ancient sediments, while others begin to be seen as the strata become more recent. By following the fossils, Smith was able to put all the strata of England's earth into relative temporal sequence. About the same time, Georges Cuvier made the same discovery while studying the rocks around Paris. Soon it was realized that this principle of faunal (animal) succession was valid not only in England or France but virtually everywhere. It was actually a principle of floral succession as well, because plants showed the same transformation through time as did fauna. Limestone may be found in the Cambrian or-300 million years later-in the Jurassic strata, but a trilobite-the ubiquitous marine arthropod that had its birth in the Cambrian-will never be found in Jurassic strata, nor a dinosaur in the Cambrian.10. The word "virtually" in the passage is closest in meaning to○possibly○absolutely○surprisingly○nearly11. Select the TWO answer choices that are true statements based upon the discussion of the principle of faunal succession in paragraph 5. To receive credit, you must select TWO answers.○It was a principle that applied to fauna but not to flora.○It was discovered independently by two different geologists.○It describes how fo ssils are distributed in rock strata.○It explains why plants and animals undergo transformations through time.12. In mentioning "trilobite", the author is making which of the following points?○Fossils cannot be found in more than one rock stratum.○Faunal succession can help put rock layers in relative temporal sequence.○Faunal succession cannot be applied to different strata composed of the same kind of rock.○The presence of trilobite fossils makes it difficult to date a rock.Paragraph 5: Not only could Smith identify rock strata by the fossils they contained, he could also see a pattern emerging: certain fossils always appear in more ancient sediments, while others begin to be seen as the strata become more recent. █By following the fossils, Smith was able to put all the strata of England's earth into relative temporal sequence. █About the same time, Georges Cuvier made the same discovery while studying the rocks around Paris. █Soon it was realized that this principle of faunal (animal) succession was valid not only in England or France but virtually everywhere. █It was actually a principle of floral succession as well, because plants showed the same transformation through time as did fauna. Limestone may be found in the Cambrian or-300 million years later-in the Jurassic strata, but a trilobite-the ubiquitous marine arthropod that had its birth in the Cambrian-will never be found in Jurassic strata, nor a dinosaur in the Cambrian.13.Look at the four squares [█]that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passageThe findings of these geologists inspired others to examine the rock and fossil records in different parts of the world.Where would the sentence best fit?14. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary byselecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.William Smith's contributions to geology have increased our knowledge of the Earth's history.●●●Answer Choices○Smith found success easily in his profession because he came from a family of geologists and surveyors.○Smith's work on canals allowed him to collect fossils and study rock layers all over England.○Smith found that fossils are much more reliable indicators of geological time than rock strata are.○Smith was named "the father o f English geology" for his maps rather than for his other contributions to the field.○Smith and Cuvier discovered that fossil patterns are easier to observe in ancient rock strata than in younger rock strata.○The discovery of the principle of faunal succ ession allowed geologists to establish the relative age of Earth's rock layers 托福TPO6阅读答案Part2参考答案：1. ○32. ○33. ○24. ○35. ○16. ○27. ○4.8. ○19. ○410. ○411. ○2, 312. ○213. ○314. Smith's work on canals allowedSmith found that fossils areThe discovery of the principle托福TPO6阅读翻译Part2参考翻译：威廉;史密斯1769年，在英国牛津郡的一个小镇上，一个小男孩儿出生在村里一户穷铁匠家，他的名字很普通，叫做威廉o史密斯。
托福TPO30阅读Passage2原文文本+题目+答案解析
托福TPO30阅读Passage2原文文本+题目+答案解析为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO30阅读Passage2原文文本+题目+答案解析，希望对大家备考有所帮助。
The Pace of Evolutionary ChangeA heated debate has enlivened recent studiesof evolution.Darwin's original thesis,and theviewpoint supported by evolutionary gradualists,isthat species change continuously but slowly and insmall increments.Such changes are all but invisible over the short time scale of modernobservations,and,it is argued,they are usually obscured by innumerable gaps in theimperfect fossil record.Gradualism,with its stress on the slow pace of change,is a comfortingposition,repeated over and over again in generations of textbooks.By the early twentiethcentury,the question about the rate of evolution had been answered in favor of gradualism tomost biologists'satisfaction.最近的一个关于进化的研究引发了激烈的争论。
达尔文的原始论点和进化渐进主义者支持的观点是物种会持续地改变，但非常缓慢，增量也很小。
老托福阅读训练答案汇总
【往年真题】老托福阅读训练答案汇总小马过河为大家准备了“【往年真题】老托福阅读训练答案汇总”，供各位备考托福的考生们参考使用，来提高自己的托福成绩！免费咨询电话：400-0123-267PASSAGE 1 BBACC DBCDA BPASSAGE 2 AACCD CABDPASSAGE 3 BDCBB CBDAD CAPASSAGE 4 BBDBD CACAPASSAGE 5 DACCB DBBADPASSAGE 6 DBDBC ACABDPASSAGE 7 BCDCD CBABBPASSAGE 8 DDCCB CADAPASSAGE 9 CBDBD BBAPASSAGE 10 ACDCA BCDBAPASSAGE 11 CAABD CADDPASSAGE 12 CDACB AACCBPASSAGE 13 AACAC CADPASSAGE 14 DCABC DABAC DBAPASSAGE 15 DABDC CDCBD ABPASSAGE 16 DBBCA DCDCDAPASSAGE 17 DAACA DCBCD CAPASSAGE 18 BBBDB CCCDAPASSAGE 19 BBDDC DCBCA CPASSAGE 20 BCACD DCBAAPASSAGE 21 BDCAA BABDPASSAGE 23 BBDBA ACADC DAC PASSAGE 24 BCBBC ADABA A PASSAGE 25 CABBB DDABC A PASSAGE 26 ADDBC DACBA PASSAGE 27 DADBC BBDBA D PASSAGE 28 ACBBA ABCBA PASSAGE 29 ACBDC ABDB PASSAGE 30 DABCC CBCB PASSAGE 31 BDCDD ACBBB C PASSAGE 32 CBDBA DACBD PASSAGE 33 ADADC ABDBB C PASSAGE 34 DCADB CDBBA B PASSAGE 35 CABCA BCDBA PASSAGE 36 BADCC BACBD C PASSAGE 37 BBADA BBCCD PASSAGE 38 BDBDB DAACD B PASSAGE 39 CDAAC BCABB D PASSAGE 40 BDDCC ABADCB PASSAGE 41 CBBCD CDAD PASSAGE 42 CBDDA BCCAC D PASSAGE 43 BBCAA D PASSAGE 44 CBBCA D PASSAGE 45 BCADA DDPASSAGE 47 DCBAD AC PASSAGE 48 DCBAD CCADD PASSAGE 49 BCCBA DBCBD B PASSAGE 50 DCCAC BBCAD PASSAGE 51 BCADB DADD PASSAGE 52 AABDA ADDBD PASSAGE 53 ACBDA ADBD PASSAGE 54 ACCBB DACD PASSAGE 55 ABCCB CABD PASSAGE 56 BDBCC ACAA PASSAGE 57 ABCCC DDAA PASSAGE 58 BABDB CDADC PASSAGE 59 ACBBA ACDB PASSAGE 60 DACDB BACCA PASSAGE 61 BCADD DCA PASSAGE 62 CABDC ABCBD PASSAGE 63 CBDCB ABDCB PASSAGE 64 DCABC AACAD PASSAGE 65 BBADB DACCB PASSAGE 66 CABCD AAABD B PASSAGE 67 BDACB DADCD PASSAGE 68 BAADC CDADB C PASSAGE 69 BABCD ADDBBPASSAGE 71 DBCAD CDCDA B PASSAGE 72 BCCAD DCACA PASSAGE 73 CABCB CBDA PASSAGE 74 CBDAB AADBD PASSAGE 75 ADABC CCDCC PASSAGE 76 BACCD BBBC PASSAGE 77 BCDCD AADAB C PASSAGE 78 BDAAD DCCBD PASSAGE 79 BDBDC AACDB C PASSAGE 80 BCADB ADABA A PASSAGE 81 DABDD ACBDD AB PASSAGE 82 CBADD CCABD PASSAGE 83 CAADC BCBDD C PASSAGE 84 CCAAA BDDDB PASSAGE 85 CBADC CDCCB PASSAGE 86 BBDCC CADBD A PASSAGE 87 ABBDB DCABD PASSAGE 88 ADBCA BBCD PASSAGE 89 CADAD ACBD PASSAGE 90 CCADB CACC PASSAGE 91 CBBAA DCACC PASSAGE 92 ABDAC DCCCC PASSAGE 93 CAACB DCBCA DPASSAGE 95 ABCCB ADBAADPASSAGE 96 CBCDA ABACCPASSAGE 97 BCDAD CACDCPASSAGE 98 DCCBD DBBACPASSAGE 99 CDCBC BCBAC DPASSAGE 100 BAACD DBCAA C来源于：小马过河相关推荐：托福阅读常出现的9个深度句托福阅读利剑之语法托福阅读解题方法之《主旨题》。
托福阅读题2及答案
Reading Passage 2:(There is only one answer per question: Choose either A, B, C or D)1. According to Modernization Theory, the era of interdependent extended family is coming to an end. Modernists claim that as countries develop, they gain the wealth needed to do away with this outdated family structure. In their view, it will inevitably be replaced by the “more evolved”independent nuclear-family system of the West. This common perspective, however, is not supported by an analysis of emerging and global family patterns.2. For example, Asian countries with strong economic growth such as Japan, Korea and Singapore have not adopted the nuclear-family model. Rather, they have maintained an emotional intergenerational connectedness despite their financial autonomy and separate living arrangements. This emerging family model of emotional interdependence with the extended family can be viewed as more beneficial to human well-being than the Western system, which favors privacy, self-sufficiency, and self-actualization at all costs. While the Western model successfully meets the human need for autonomy, the new system delivers not only independence but also a sense of belonging.3. Furthermore, there is an indication that Western values, particularly in European contexts, are also beginning to shift. A relevant study between independent Sweden and interdependent Turkey revealed that divorce rates, single person households, and suicide rates were 10 times higher in the independent nation. These statistics point to the fact that an independent country may not be serving the best interests of its citizens. In fact, Western countries on the whole are undergoing a fundamental paradigm shift. This includes a greater concern for the environment, fewer hours on the job, and a keen search for a sense of community. This emphasis on relatedness is beginning to take precedence over the need for independence. With these changes there may be a convergence of the Inter dependent and independent family systems in the western world similar to the one occurring in developing nations. This is labeled the Convergence Hypothesis.Questions:1. In Paragraph 1, why does the author include “more evolved”?A.To clarify that the Western model is the more advance systemB.To demonstrate that no family model is resistant to changeC.To make the point that the Western model is supposedly, but not necessarily, moreadvanceD.To show that Westerners assume their economic power equates with advancement on allfronts2.The author state “This common perspective, however, is not supported by an analysis of emerging global family patterns.” in paragraph 1 in order to:A.Emphasize that there are more than two family modelsB.Form a conclusion based on stated factsC.Give a reason why the belief is incorrectD.Connect the introduction to the rest of the passage3. The author mentions “the new system delivers not only independence but also a sense of belonging” in Paragraph 2 in order to:A.Highlight similarities between the Western model and the new systemB.Dispute the validity of the interdependent systemC.Introduce a new family systemD.Provide a reason why the new system is superior4.In Paragraph 3, why does the author mention “that divorce rates, single-person households, and suicide rates were 10 times higher in the independent nation”?A.To clarify that people in this independent nation are emotionally unstableB.To dispute Modernization TheoryC.To highlight key differences between independent and interdependent nationsD.To provide statistics that point to problems with the independent model5. The author includes “With these changes, there may be a convergence of the interdependent and independent family systems in the Western world similar to the one occurring in developing nations” in P aragraph 3 in order to:A.Draw a conclusion about the interdependent model of the developing worldB.Make a prediction concerning a change in the Western family modelC.State an opinion about the effectiveness of both family systemsD.Summarize the similarities and differences between family models discussed in thepassage6. What is the author’s purpose in Paragraph 3?A.To compare the interdependent and independent family modelsB.To identify two countries that represent different family modelsC.To present evidence on why the independent family model is unhealthyD.To show how Western family models are beginning to changeAnswer Key (Reading Passage 2):1. C2. D3: D4: D5. B6. D。
托福TPO28阅读Passage2原文文本+题目+答案解析
托福TPO28阅读Passage2原文文本+题目+答案解析为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO28阅读Passage2原文文本+题目+答案解析，希望对大家备考有所帮助。
Early Saharan pastoralists早期撒哈拉牧民The Sahara is a highly diverse,albeit dry,region that has undergone major climatic changes since 10,000 B.C.As recently as 6000 B.C.,the southern frontier of the desert was far to the north of where it is now arid plains.This was a landscape where antelope of all kinds abounded—along with Bos primigenius,a kind of oxen that has become extinct.The areas that are now desert were,like all arid regions,very susceptible to cycles of higher and lower levels of rainfall,resulting in major,sudden changes in distributions of plants and animals.The people who hunted the sparse desert animals responded to drought by managing the wild resources they hunted and gathered,especially wild oxen,which had to have regular water supplies to survive.尽管干旱，撒哈拉的物种极其多样，并自公元前10,000年前开始已经历了数次重大气候变迁。
2019年5月26日托福阅读考试真题及解析
2019年5月26日托福阅读考试真题及解析最新一期的托福考试已经圆满结束，这次的考试引发了大家的热议。
今天就和一起看看2019年5月26日托福阅读考试真题及解析。
Passage1 Isolation and Diversification in the Tropical Rainforest热带雨林物种隔离与多样性（重复2016.07.10）热带雨林物种多，那里的植被超过1000种，欧洲有40种。
由于大平原的动物要走很久才能寻找到合适的生活地点，热带雨林的动物不能，他们被限制在有限的空间内，所以热带雨林物种很多。
热带雨林里的屏障阻碍动物们的扩散，描述了如何阻碍。
树冠（canopy）是热带雨树中浓密的树叶和枝干各种交织形成的，动物们很难突破这层canopy，只能在最高层的这层canopy之下活动，所以无法扩散到外界。
所以限制在内的植物们就多样化（diversify）。
50-70米是超级高的且喜阳光的树种们为了晒太阳浴而拼命生长突破最高canopy形成的。
因此有种s鸟就生活在这里，他们可以去任何地方，所以列举了三个州有这种鸟，而且种类较少，他们俯瞰着森林。
紧接着讲k这种树，因为突破canopy长得高，可以将种子散播更远，于是south American都有这种树。
Passage 2 The Theories of Megafauna Extinction大型动物灭绝理论（重复2018.08.26，2017.01.07）讲的是某一时期哺乳动物大范围灭绝的原因：先说可能是由于气候变化，但是文章后面进行了否定，因为之前也有气候变化，但是也没有灭绝。
然后猜测和人类捕杀有关，但澳洲等一些地方的考古证明一些灭绝的动物已经和人类和平共处了上千年，而且一些人类更爱捕杀的动物如reindeer反而没有灭绝。
最后说人类活动间接导致了这些动物的灭绝。
Passage 3 Flightless Bird不会飞的鸟（重复2019.01.26，2018.03.10）岛屿上退化掉飞行能力的鸟。
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老托福阅读真题及答案：PASSAGE2为了帮助大家备考托福阅读，提高成绩，下面小编给大家带来老托福阅读真题及答案:passage 2，希望大家喜欢!老托福阅读真题及答案：PASSAGE 2The geology of the Earth's surface is dominated by the particularproperties of water. Present on Earth in solid, liquid, and gaseous states,water is exceptionally reactive. It dissolves, transports, and precipitates manychemical compounds and is constantly modifying the face of the Earth.Evaporated from the oceans, water vapor forms clouds, some of which aretransported by wind over the continents. Condensation from the clouds providesthe essential agent of continental erosion: rain. Precipitated onto the ground,the water trickles down to form brooks, streams, and rivers, constituting whatare called the hydrographic network. This immense polarized network channels thewater toward a single receptacle: an ocean. Gravity dominates this entire stepin the cycle because water tends to minimize its potential energy by runningfrom high altitudes toward the reference point, that is, sea level.The rate at which a molecule of water passes though the cycle is not randombut is a measure of the relative size of the various reservoirs. If we defineresidence time as the average time for a water molecule to pass through one ofthe three reservoirs — atmosphere, continent, and ocean — we see that the timesare very different. A water molecule stays, on average, eleven days in theatmosphere, one hundred years on a continent and forty thousand years in theocean. This last figure shows the importance of the ocean as the principalreservoir of the hydrosphere but also the rapidity of water transport onthecontinents.A vast chemical separation process takes places during the flow of waterover the continents. Soluble ions such as calcium, sodium, potassium, and somemagnesium are dissolved and transported. Insoluble ions such as aluminum, iron,and silicon stay where they are and form the thin, fertile skin of soil on whichvegetation can grow. Sometimes soils are destroyed and transported mechanicallyduring flooding. The erosion of the continents thus results from two closelylinked and interdependent processes, chemical erosion and mechanical erosion.Their respective interactions and efficiency depend on different factors.1. The word "modifying" in line 4 is closest in meaning to(A) changing(B) traveling(C) describing(D) destroying2. The word "which" in line 5 refers to(A) clouds(B) oceans(C) continents(D) compounds3. According to the passage , clouds are primarily formed by water(A) precipitating onto the ground(B) changing from a solid to a liquid state(C) evaporating from the oceans(D) being carried by wind4. The passage suggests that the purpose of the "hydrographic network"(line 8) is to(A) determine the size of molecules of water(B) prevent soil erosion caused by flooding(C) move water from the Earth's surface to the oceans(D) regulate the rate of water flow from streams and rivers5. What determines the rate at which a molecule of water moves through thecycle, as discussed in the third paragraph?(A) The potential energy contained in water(B) The effects of atmospheric pressure on chemical compounds(C) The amounts of rainfall that fall on the continents(D) The relative size of the water storage areas6. The word "rapidity" in line 19 is closest in meaning to(A) significance(B) method(C) swiftness(D) reliability7. The word "they" in line 24 refers to(A) insoluble ions(B) soluble ions(C) soils(D) continents8. All of the following are example of soluble ions EXCEPT(A) magnesium(B) iron(C) potassium(D) calcium9. The word "efficiency" in line 27 is closest in meaning to(A) relationship(B) growth(C) influence(D) effectiveness答案 AACCD CABD托福阅读不能过于依赖技巧有许多学员这么和我说，老托的阅读要比新托简单得多，甚至不看文章也能做对题。
其实不然。
我们知道，原来老托是350字一篇文章，10分钟。
现在新托是700字左右一篇文章，20分钟内完成12-14题。
按照时间比例来说，时间对考生是绰绰有余的。
但是为什么众多考生还是会有这样的感觉呢?问题就出在托福的题目上，现在新托福阅读的题目四个选项长度呈不断加长趋势。
有很多考生用在理解题目和选项的时间就远远超过答题时间。
这样的话就直接影响了后面题目的答题质量。
如果出现阅读加试，很多考生就一个头两个大了。
这主要还是因为考生在准备新托福阅读考试过程中太注重技巧的提炼，而忘记了学习英语最根本的还是在对语言的掌握上。
因此在这里给大家提几点复习新托福阅读的几点建议：1. 如果基础一般的同学，想要参加托福考试，最好提前3-4个月准备起来。
一本好的词汇书是必不可少的。
其实背哪一本词汇书不是重点所在，重要的是能够持之以恒，每天对所背的词汇进行复习和总结。
因为你在做词汇题时如果能遇到你熟悉的词，可以节省你会到文章中去看上下文猜词的时间。
虽然不能保证背到就一定能考到，但是单词可以帮助你更好的理解文章。
曾经有一名语言专家这样说过：“Without grammar, little can be conveyed and without vocabulary, nothing can be conveyed.”足以说明词汇的重要性。
2. 然后要从理解文章的结构开始理解文章。
我们要明白，托福考试的阅读文章都是北美校园基础课程的文章，基本没有做过改动。