2016年职称英语理工A试题参考和答案.
职称英语理工类A级完形填空考试真题及答案
职称英语理工类A级完形填空考试真题及答案2016年职称英语理工类A级完形填空考试真题及答案完形填空CellPhone Lets Your Secrets OutYour cell phone holds secrets about you.Besides the names and numbers that you’ve programmed into it, ______traces____(51) of your DNA linger (遗留) on thedevice according to a new studyDNA is genetic (遗传的)material _____that_____ (52) appears in every cell. Like your fingerprint, yourDNA is _____unique______ (53) to you——unless you have an identical twin. Scientiststoday analyze DNA in blood, saliva (唾液), orhair left ____behind_______ (54) at the scene of a crime. The results oftenhelp detectives identify ____criminals______ (55) and their victims. Your cellphone can reveal more about you ____than_____ (56) you might think.Meghan J. McFadden, a scientist at McMasterUniversity in Hamilton, Ontario, heard about a crime in which the suspect bledonto a cell phone and later dropped the____device_____ (57). This made herwonder whether traces of DNA lingered on cell phones一evenwhen no blood was___involved_____(58). She and colleague Margaret Wallace ofthe City University of NewYork analyzed the flip-open phones（翻盖手机）of10 volunteers. They used swabs (药签) tocollect _____invisible___ (59) traces of the users from two parts of the phone:the outside, where the user ____holds_____(60) it, and the speaker which isplaced at the user’s ear The scientists cleaned the phones using asolution made mostly__of____(61) alcohol. The aim of washing was to remove alldetectable traces of DNA. The owners got their phones back for another week.Then the researchers ___returned________ (62)the phones and cleaned each phoneonce more.The scientists discovered DNA that _____belonged______(63) to the phone’s speaker on each of the phones. Better samples werecollected from the outside of each phone, but those swabs also picked up DNAthat belonged to other people who had apparently also ____handed______ (64) thephoneSurprisingly, DNA showed up even in swabsthat were taken immediately after the phones were scrubbed. That suggests tha twashing won’t remove all traces of ___evidence________ (65) from a criminal’sdevice. So cell phones can now be added to the list of clues that can clinch (确定)a crime-scene investigation.51. A. name B.pictures C. shapes D. traces答案：d52. A. that B. while C.as D.what答案：a53. A. common B. good C. helpful D. unique答案：d54. A. behind B. away C. aside D.over答案：a55. A. visitors B. travelers C.scientists D.criminals答案：d56. A. until B. before C.unless D. than答案：d57. A. paper B. documentC. deviceD.file答案：c58. A. checked B. involved C. tested D. gathered答案：b59. A. invisible B.emotional C. poisonous D. magical 答案：a60. A. holds B. watches C. drops D. covers答案：a61. A. with B.by C. for D. of答案：d62. A. collected B. answered C. returned D. used答案：c63. A. moved B.changed C. belonged D.turned答案：c64. A bought B. repaired C.seen D. handed答案：d65. A. smell B. evidence C.sound D.color答案：b。
2016年职称英语《理工A》真题及答案（完整版）
第1部分：词汇选项(第1——15题，每题1分，共15分) 下⾯每个句⼦中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1. The revelation of his past ledto his resignation. A.imagination B. confirmation C.recall D. disclosure 答案为D. revelation(揭露)– disclosure(揭露) 2. Jensen is a dangerous man, and can bevery brutal. A.careless B. cruel C.strong D. hard 答案为B. brutal(残忍的) – cruel 3. You’ll have to sprint if youwant to catch the train. A.jump B.escape C. run D.prepare 答案为C. sprint (快速奔跑) – run(奔跑) 4. We are worried about this fluid situation full with uncertainty. A. changeable B. stable C.suitable D.adaptable 答案为A. fluid(不稳定的) –changeable (易变的) 5. The new garment fits herperfectly. A.haircut B. purse C. clothes D.necklace 答案为C. garment(⾐服) –clothes(⾐服) 6. The phobia may have its root in achildhood trauma. A.fear B. joy D.memory 答案为C. trauma(精神上的创伤) – hurt(感情上的伤⼼或痛苦) 7. They have to build canals to irrigatethe desert. A.decorate B. water C.change D. visit 答案为B. irrigate(灌溉) –water(给…浇⽔) 8. Her overall language proficiencyremains that of a toddler. A.disabled B. pupil C.teenager D. baby 答案为D. toddler(学步的⼉童) – baby(婴⼉) 9. The coastal area has very mild winter, but the central plains remain extremely cold. A. warm B.severe C.hard D.dry 答案为A. mild(温暖的) – warm(温暖的) 10. The details of the costume weretotally authentic. A. real B.outstanding C.creative D. false 答案为A. authentic(逼真的)– real (逼真的) 11. We are aware of the potential problems. A.global B. possible C.ongoing D. central 答案为B. potential(可能的)-possible(可能的) 12. The idea was quite brilliant. A.positive C.key D. original 答案为B. brilliant(绝妙的)– clever (聪明的) 13. Stock market price tumbledafter rumor of a rise in interest rate. A.regulated B. increased C. fell D.maintained 答案为C. tumbled(暴跌) –fell(下降) 14. The course gives you basic instructionsin car maintenance. A. coaching B. idea C.term D. aspect 答案为A. instructions (指导说明)—coaching(教导) 15. All houses within 100 metres of theseas at risk of flooding. A. in danger B. out of control C.between equals D. in particular 答案为A in danger of (处于危险中)— at risk of (处于风险中) 阅读判断 The Greatest of Victorian Engineers In the hundred years up to 1860, the work of a small group of construction engineers carried forward the enormous social and economic change that we associate with the Industrial Revolution in Britain. The most important of these engineers was Isambard Kingdom Brunel, whose work in shipping, bridge-building, and railway construction, to name just three fields, both challenged and motivated his colleagues. He was the driving force behind a number of the hugely ambitious projects, some of which resulted in works which are still in use today. The son of an engineer, Brunel apprenticed with his father at an early age on the building of the Thames Tunnel. At the age of just twenty, he became engineer in charge of the project. This impressive plan to bore under the Thames twice suffered two major disasters when the river broke through into the tunnel when the second breach(决⼝)occurred in 1872, Brunel was seriously injured during rescue operation and further work was halted. While recovering from his injuries, Brunel entered a design competition for a new bridge over the Avon Gorge near Clifton. The original judge of the competition was Thomas Telford, a leading civil engineer of his day, who rejected all entries to the competition in favor of his own design. After considerable scandal, a second contest was held and Brunel's design was accepted. For reasons of funding, however, exacerbated(加剧) by social unrest in Bristol, the project was abandoned in 1843 with only the towers completed. After Brunel’s death, it was decided to begin work on it again, partly so that the bridge could form a fitting memorial to the great engineer. The entire structure was finally completed in 1864. Today, the well-known Clifton Suspension Bridge is a symbol of Bristol, just as the Opera House is of Sydney. Originally intended only for horse-drawn traffic, the bridge now bears over four million motor vehicles a year. 16.【题⼲】Brunel was an important airplane engineer in Britain during the Industrial Revolution. 【选项】 A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 【答案】C 【解析】 17.【题⼲】Brunel was involved less in railway construction than in other engineering fields. 【选项】 A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 【答案】C 【解析】 18.【题⼲】Brunel worked only on shipping, bridge-building and railway construction. 【选项】 A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 【答案】B 【解析】 19.【题⼲】Brunel work was largely ignored by his colleagues. 【选项】 A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 【答案】B 【解析】 20.【题⼲】Some projects Brunel contributed to are still in use today. 【选项】 A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 【答案】A 【解析】 21.【题⼲】Brunel became an apprentice with his father when he was very young. 【选项】 A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 【答案】A 【解析】 22.【题⼲】The Thames Tunnel project was more difficult than any previous projects undertaken in Britain. 【选项】 A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 【答案】C 【解析】 Geothermal(地热)Energy 1.Since heat naturally moves from hotter regions to cooler ones, the heat from the earth's center flows outwards towards the surface. In this way, it transfers to the next layer of rock. If the temperature is high enough, some of this rock melts and forms magma(岩浆). The magma ascends in its turn towards the earth's surface. It often remains well below the earth's surface, creating vast areas of hot rock. In such regions, there are deep cracks, which allow rainwater to descend underground. Some of the heated rainwater travels back up to the earth's surface where it will appear as a hot spring. However, if this ascending hot water reaches a layer of impermeable(不可渗透的)rock, it remains trapped, forming a geothermal reservoir. If geothermal reservoirs are close enough to the surface, they can be reached by drilling wells. Hot water and steam shoot up the wells naturally, and can be used to produce electricity in geothermal power plants. 2.A few geothermal power plants depend on dry-stem reservoirs which produce steam but little or no water. In these cases, the steam is piped up directly to provide the power to spin a turbine generator. The first geothermal power plant, constructed at Lardarello in Italy, was of this type, and is still producing electricity today. 3.Most currently operating geothermal power plants are either "flash" steam plants or binary(双重的)plants. Flash plants produce mainly hot water ranging in temperature from 300° to 700°Fahrenheit. This water is passed through one or two separators where released from the pressure of the underground reservoir, it "flashes" or boils into steam Again, the force of this steam provides the energy to spin the turbine and produce electricity. The geothermal water and steam are then reinjected directly back down into the earth to maintain the volume and pressure of the reservoir. Gradually they will be reheated and can then be used again. 4.A reservoir with temperatures below 300° Fahrenheit is not hot enough to flash steam but it can still be used to generate electricity in binary fluid. The steam from this is used to power the turbines. As in the flash steam plant, the geothermal water is recycled back into the reservoir. 23.【题⼲】Paragraph1_____ 【选项】 A.Dry steam plants B.Binary plants C.Origin of geothermal energy D.Generation of electricity E.Flash steam plants F.Recyclable water and steam 【答案】C 【解析】 24【题⼲】Paragraph2_____ 【选项】 A.Dry steam plants B.Binary plants C.Origin of geothermal energy D.Generation of electricity E.Flash steam plants F.Recyclable water and steam 【答案】A 【解析】 25【题⼲】Paragraph3_____ 【选项】 A.Dry steam plants B.Binary plants C.Origin of geothermal energy D.Generation of electricity E.Flash steam plants F.Recyclable water and steam 【答案】E 【解析】 26【题⼲】Paragraph4_____ 【选项】 A.Dry steam plants B.Binary plants C.Origin of geothermal energy D.Generation of electricity E.Flash steam plants F.Recyclable water and steam 【答案】F 【解析】 27.【题⼲】A geothermal reservoir is formed when hot water is trapped under _____. 【选项】 A.the energy to turn a turbine B.impermeable rock C.one or two separators D.turbine operator E.little or no water F.hot springs 【答案】B。
2016年全国职称英语等级考试理工类A级真题及详解【圣才出品】
2016年全国职称英语等级考试理工类A级真题及详解第1部分：词汇选项（第l～15题，每题l分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线,请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项.1.The revelation of his past led to his resignation.A.imaginationB.confirmationC.recallD.disclosure【答案】D【解析】句意：对他过去的揭露导致了他的辞职。
revelation揭发，暴露。
disclosure 泄露，揭露。
二者意思相近，此处可互相替换，因此选D项。
imagination想像，想像力。
confirmation证实；证明；确认。
recall召回，唤回；回想。
2.Jensen is a dangerous man,and can be very brutal.A.carelessB.cruelC.strongD.hard【答案】B【解析】句意：Jensen是个危险人物，他可能会很残忍。
brutal残忍的；野蛮的；无情的。
cruel残酷的，残忍的；无情的。
二者意思相近，此处可互相替换，因此选B项。
careless 粗心的；无忧无虑的；漫不经心的。
strong强壮的；强烈的。
hard困难的；硬的。
3.You’ll have to sprint if you want to catch the train.A.jumpB.escapeC.runD.prepare【答案】C【解析】句意：如果想赶上火车，你必须快点跑。
sprint冲刺，全速短跑。
run奔跑。
二者意思相近，此处可相互替换，因此选C项。
jump跳；跳过。
escape逃跑。
prepare 准备。
4.We are worried about this fluid situation filled with uncertainty.A.changeableB.stableC.suitableD.adaptable【答案】A【解析】句意：对于这个充满不确定的不稳定的情况，我们感到担忧。
2016职称英语--理工A试题及部分答案
1.阅读（15分）Older Volcanic EruptionsVolcanoes were more destructive in ancient history, not because they were bigger, but because the carbon dioxide they released wiped out life with greater ease.Paul Wignall from the University of Leeds was investigating the link between volcanic eruptions and mass extinctions. Not all volcanic eruptions killed off large numbers of animals, but all the mass extinctions over the past 300 million years coincided with huge formations of volcanic rock. To his surprise, the older the massive volcanic eruptions were, the more damage they seemed to do. He calculated the "killing efficiency" for these volcanoes by comparing the proportion of life they killed off with the volume of lava that they produced. He found that size for size, older eruptions were at least 10 times as effective at wiping out life as their more recent rivals.The Permian extinction, for example, which happened 250 million years ago, is marked by floods of volcanic rock in Siberia that cover an area roughly the size of western Europe. Those volcanoes are thought to have pumped out about 10 gigatonnes of carbon as carbon dioxide. The global warming that followed wiped out 80 per cent of all marine genera at the time, and it took 5 million years for the planet to recover. Yet 60 million years ago, there was another huge amount of volcanic activity and global warming but no mass extinction. Some animals did disappear but things returned to normal within ten thousands of years. "The most recent ones hardly have an effect at all," Wignall says. He ignored the extinction which wiped out the dinosaurs 65 million years ago, because many scientists believe it was primarily caused by the impact of an asteroid. He thinks that older volcanoes had more killing power because more recent life forms were better adapted to dealing with increased levels of CO2.Vincent Courtillot, director of the Paris Geophysical. Institute in France, says that Wignall‟s idea is provocative. But he says it is incredibly hard to do these sorts of calculations. He points out that the killing power of volcanic eruptions depends on how long they lasted. And it is impossible to tell whether the huge blasts lasted for thousands or millions of years. He also adds that it is difficult to estimate how much lava prehistoric volcanoes produced, and that lava volume may not necessarily correspond to carbon dioxide emissions.2.阅读（15分）Black Holes TriggerScientists have long understood that supermassive black holes weighing millions or billions of suns can tear apart stars that come too close.The black hotels gravity pulls harder on the nearest part of the star，an imbalance that pulls the star apart over a period of minutes or hours，once it gets close enough.Scientists say this Uneven pulling is not the only hazard facing the star.The strain of these unbalanced forces can also trigger a nuclear explosion powerful enough to destroy the star from within.Matthieu Brassart and Jean-Pierre Luminet of the Observatoire de Paris in Meudon，France1，carried out computer simulations of the final moments of such an unfortunate star…s life，as it veered towards a supermassive black hole.When the star gets close enough，the uneven forces flatten it into a pancake shape.Some previous studies had suggested this flattening would increase the density and temperature inside the star enough to trigger intense nuclear reactions that would tear it apart.But other studies had suggested that the picture would be complicated by shock waves generated during the flattening process and that no nuclear explosion should occur.The new simulations investigated the effects of shock waves in detail，and found that even when their effects are included，the conditions favor a nu clear explosion.“There will be an explosion of the star — it will be completely destroyed，” Brassart says. Although the explosion obliterates the star，it saves some of the star…s matter from beingdevoured by the black hole.The explosion is powerful enough to hurl much of the star‟s matter out of the black hole…s reach，he says.The devouring of stars by black holes may already have been observed，although at a much later stage.It is thought that several months after the event that rips the star apart，its matter starts swirling into the hole itself.It heats up as it does so，releasing ultraviolet light and X-rays.If stars disrupted near black holes really do explode，then they could in principle allow these events to be detected at a much earlier stage，says Jules Hatpern of Columbia University in New York，US2.“It may make it possible to see the disruption of that star immediately if it gets hot enough，” he says.Brassart agrees.“Perhaps it can be observed in the X-rays and gamma rays，but it…s something tha t needs to be more studied，” he says.Supernova researcher Chris Fryer of the Los Alamos National Laboratory in Los Alamos，New Mexico，US3，says the deaths of these stars are difficult to simulate，and he is not sure whether the researchers have proven their case that they explode in the process.3.阅读（12分）Researchers Discover Why Humans Began WalkingUpright研究人员发现为何人类开始直立行走Most of us walk and carry items in our hands every day. These are seemingly simple activities that the majority of us don’t question.But an international team of researchers, including Dr. Richmond from GW's Columbian College of Arts and Sciences，have discovered that human walking upright, may have originated millions of years ago as an adaptation to carrying scarce, high- quality resources. The team of researchers from the U. S., England, Japan and Portugal investigated the behavior of modern-day chimpanzees as they competed for food resources，in an effort to understand what ecological settings would lead a large ape —one that resembles the 6 million-year old ancestor we shared in common with living chimpanzees —to walk on two legs.我们大多数人每天行走并且用手携带东西。
2016年职称英语考试理工A级真题及答案
2016年职称英语考试理工A级真题及答案职称英语考试技巧：1.打破思维局限复习。
职称英语等级考试分为综合类、理工类、卫生类三个专业类别，除所报考的本类教材外，考生还可翻看其他两类的教材，其中一些热门或新增文章的题目涉及的知识可能对你有所帮助。
2.阅读理解和完型填空的原文译文要重点学习，熟记。
3.带着熟词典进考场。
职称英语考试单词记忆法考试可以携带词典入场是职称英语考试的一个特色。
但由于许多考生对词典的情况不熟悉，虽然带进了考场，但多数派不上用场，建议要有针对性地选择词典，最好带着你常用的词典。
职称英语考试练习题库，点击天宇考王免费下载试用第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1. She exhibited great powers of endurance during the climb.A. playB. sendC. showD. tell2. The eternal motion of the stars fascinated him.A. longB. never-endingC. boringD. extensive3. She could not answer, it was an immense load off her heart.A. naturalB. fatalC. tinyD. enormous4. The book made a great impact on its readers.A. forceB. influenceC. surpriseD. power5. Accompanied by cheerful music, we began to dance.A. pleasantB. colorfulC. fashionableD. different6. He was not eligible for the examination because he was over age.A. competitiveB. diligentC. qualifiedD. competent7. Her novel depicts an ambitious Chinese.A. writesB. sketchesC. describesD. indicates8. Don't irritate her. she's on a short fuse today.A. teaseB. attractC. annoyD. protect9. It is absurd to go out in such terrible weather.A. ridiculousB. funnyC. oddD. interesting10. I notified him that my address had changed.A. informedB. observedC. mockedD. misled11. The manager allocate duties to the clerks.A. assignB. persuadeC. askD. order12. The once barren hillsides are now good farmland.A. hairlessB. bareC. emptyD. bald13.It is postulated that a cure for the disease will have been found by the year 2000.A. challengedB. assumedC. deductedD. decreed14. We must abide by the rules.A. stick toB. persist inC. safeguardD. apply15. From my standpoint, you know, this thing is just funny.A. positionB. point of viewC. knowledgeD. opinion第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。
2016年职称英语理工A试卷及复习资料
2016年全国职称英语等级考试理工类（A级）试题及参考答案第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1. The revelation of his past led to his resignation.A.imaginationB. ConfirmationC.recallD. Disclosure2. Jensen is a dangerous man, and can be very brutal.A.carelessB. CruelC.strongD. Hard3. You’ll have to sprint if you want to catch the train.A.jumpB.escapeC. RunD.prepare4. We are worried about this fluid situation full with uncertainty.A. ChangeableB. StableC.suitableD.adaptable5. The new garment fits her perfectly.A.haircutB. PurseC. ClothesD.necklace6. The phobia may have its root in a childhood trauma.A.fearB. JoyC. HurtD.memory7. They have to build canals to irrigate the desert.A.decorateB. WaterC.changeD. Visit8. Her overall language proficiency remains that of a toddler.A.disabledB. PupilC.teenagerD. Baby9. The coastal area has very mild winter, but the central plains remain extremely cold.A. WarmB.severeC.hardD.dry10. The details of the costume were totally authentic.A. RealB.outstandingC.creativeD. False11. We are aware of the potential problems.A.globalB. PossibleC.ongoingD. Central12. The idea was quite brilliant.A.positiveB. CleverC.keyD. Original13. Stock market price tumbled after rumor of a rise in interest rate.A.regulatedB. IncreasedC. FellD.maintained14. The course gives you basic instructions in car maintenance.A. CoachingB. IdeaC.termD. Aspect15. All houses within 100 metres of these as at risk of flooding.A. in dangerB. out of controlC.between equalsD. in particular第2部分：阅读判断(第16~22题，每题1分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断;如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A; 如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B; 如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
职称英语《理工A》阅读理解真题
职称英语《理工A》阅读理解真题2016年职称英语《理工A》阅读理解真题下面是店铺整理的2016年职称英语《理工A》阅读理解真题，提供给大家参考。
Older Volcanic EruptionsVolcanoes were more destructive in ancient history, not because they were bigger, but because the carbon dioxide they released wiped out life with greater ease.Paul Wignall from the University of Leeds was investigating the link between volcanic eruptions and mass extinctions. Not all volcanic eruptions killed off large numbers of animals, but all the mass extinctions over the past 300 million years coincided with huge formations of volcanic rock. To his surprise, the older the massive volcanic eruptions were, the more damage they seemed to do. He calculated the "killing efficiency" for these volcanoes by comparing the proportion of life they killed off with the volume of lava that they produced. He found that size for size, older eruptions were at least 10 times as effective at wiping out life as their more recent rivals.The Permian extinction, for example, which happened 250 million years ago, is marked by floods of volcanic rock in Siberia that cover an area roughly the size of western Europe. Those volcanoes are thought to have pumped out about 10 gigatonnes of carbon as carbon dioxide. The global warming that followed wiped out 80 per cent of all marine genera at the time, and it took 5 million years for the planet to recover. Yet 60 million years ago, there was another huge amount of volcanic activity and global warming but no mass extinction. Some animals did disappear but things returned to normal within ten thousands ofyears. "The most recent ones hardly have an effect at all," Wignall says. He ignored the extinction which wiped out the dinosaurs 65 million years ago, because many scientists believe it was primarily caused by the impact of an asteroid. He thinks that older volcanoes had more killing power because more recent life forms were better adapted to dealing with increased levels of CO2.Vincent Courtillot, director of the Paris Geophysical. Institute in France, says that Wignall’s idea is provocative. But he says it is incredibly hard to do these sorts of calculations. He points out that the killing power of volcanic eruptions depends on how long they lasted. And it is impossible to tell whether the huge blasts lasted for thousands or millions of years. He also adds that it is difficult to estimate how much lava prehistoric volcanoes produced, and that lava volume may not necessarily correspond to carbon dioxide emissions.Black Holes TriggerScientists have long understood that supermassive black holes weighing millions or billions of suns can tear apart stars that come too close.The black hotels gravity pulls harder on the nearest part of the star，an imbalance that pulls the star apart over a period of minutes or hours，once it gets close enough.Scientists say this Uneven pulling is not the only hazard facing the star.The strain of these unbalanced forces can also trigger a nuclear explosion powerful enough to destroy the star from within.Matthieu Brassart and Jean-Pierre Luminet of the Observatoire de Paris in Meudon，France1，carried out computer simulations of the final moments of such an unfortunate star‘s life，as it veered towards a supermassive black hole.When the star gets close enough，the uneven forces flatten it into a pancake shape.Some previous studies had suggested this flattening would increase the density and temperature inside the star enough to trigger intense nuclear reactions that would tear it apart.But other studies had suggested that the picture would be complicated by shock waves generated during the flattening process and that no nuclear explosion should occur.The new simulations investigated the effects of shock waves in detail，and found that even when their effects are included，the conditions favor a nuclear explosion.“There will be an explosion of the star —it will be completely destroyed，” Brassart says. Although the explosion obliterates the star，it saves some of the star‘s matter from being devoured b y the black hole.The explosion is powerful enough to hurl much of the star’s matter out of the black hole‘s reach，he says.The devouring of stars by black holes may already have been observed，although at a much later stage.It is thought that several months after the event that rips the star apart，its matter starts swirling into the hole itself.It heats up as it does so，releasing ultraviolet light and X-rays.If stars disrupted near black holes really do explode，then they could in principle allow these events to be detected at a much earlier stage，says Jules Hatpern of Columbia University in New York，US2.“It may make it possible to see the disruption of that star immediately if it gets hot enough，” he says.Brassart agrees.“Perhaps it can be observed in the X-rays and gamma rays，but it‘s something that needs to be more studied，” he says.Supernova researcher Chris Fryer of the Los Alamos National Laboratory in Los Alamos，New Mexico，US3，says the deaths of these stars are difficult to simulate，and he isnot sure whether the researchers have proven their case that they explode in the process.词汇：supermassive adj.特大质量的imbalance/im5bAlEns/n.不平衡，不平衡veer/ viE/v.转向，改变方向flatten/5flAtn/v.使成扁平，夷平pancake/5pAnkeik/n.薄煎饼obliterate/E5blitEreit/v.抹去，除去，消除devour/di5vauE(r)/v.吞没;毁灭swirl/swE：l/打旋，旋动gamma rays γ 射线supernova/7sju：pE5nEuvE/n.超新星拓展阅读：2016年职称英语《综合B》完形填空真题及答案Cultural DifferencesPeople from different cultures sometimes do things that make each other uncomfortable, sometimes without realizing it. Most Americans have _____(51) Been out of the country and have very_____(52)experience with foreigners. But they are usually spontaneous(由衷的), friendly and open, and enjoy_____(53)new people, having guests and bringing people together formally. They tend to use first names_____(54)most situations and speak freely about themselves. So if your American hosts do something that_____(55)you uncomfortable, try to let them know how you feel. Most people will_____(56)your honesty and try not to make you uncomfortable again. And you'll all _____(57)something about another culture!Many travelers find_____(58)easier to meet people in the U.S. than in other countries. They may just come up and introduce themselves or even invite you over _____(59)they really know you.Sometimes Americans are said to be superficially(表明上)_____(60). Perhaps it seems so, but they are probably just having a good time. Just like anywhere else, it_____(61)time to become real friends _____(62)people in the U.S..If and when you_____(63)with American friends, they will probably _____(64)introducing you to their friends and family, and if they seem proud to_____(65)you, it's probably because they are. Relax and enjoy it!51.【题干】_____【选项】A.everB.alwaysC.oftenD.never【答案】D【解析】52.【题干】_____【选项】A.littleB.fewC.manyD.much【答案】A【解析】53.【题干】_____【选项】A.talkingB.leavingC.meetingD.touching【答案】C【解析】54.【题干】_____ 【选项】A.onB.atC.withD.in【答案】D【解析】55.【题干】_____ 【选项】A.likesB.movesC.makesD.links【答案】C【解析】56.【题干】_____ 【选项】A.appreciateB.criticizeC.questionD.confirm【答案】A【解析】57.【题干】_____ 【选项】A.pickB.selectC.handleD.learn【答案】D【解析】58.【题干】_____ 【选项】A.thisB.itC.themD.that【答案】B【解析】59.【题干】_____ 【选项】A.beforeB.whenC.ifD.after【答案】A【解析】60.【题干】_____ 【选项】A.formalrmalC.friendlyD.casual【答案】C【解析】61.【题干】_____ 【选项】A.keepsB.winsC.killsD.takes【答案】D【解析】62.【题干】_____ 【选项】A.amongB.byC.withD.through【答案】C【解析】63.【题干】_____ 【选项】A.consultB.dealC.copeD.stay【答案】D【解析】64.【题干】_____ 【选项】A.enjoyB.hateC.forbidD.avoid【答案】A【解析】65.【题干】_____【选项】A.smileB.treatC.knowD.wave【答案】C【解析】【2016年职称英语《理工A》阅读理解真题】。
2016年职称英语考试理工类(A)级试题及答案解析
2016年职称英语考试理工类（A）级试题及答案解析(1/15)词汇选项下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语带有括号或下划线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与括号里边部分意义最相近的词或短语。
第1题Only people over 18 are eligible to vote.A.honestB.qualifiedC.enabledD.clever下一题(2/15)词汇选项下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语带有括号或下划线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与括号里边部分意义最相近的词或短语。
第2题The latest car model embodies the new research development.A.listsB.includesC.borrowsD.broadens上一题下一题(3/15)词汇选项下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语带有括号或下划线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与括号里边部分意义最相近的词或短语。
第3题The coastal area has very mild winter, but the central plains remain extremely cold.A.severeB.hardC.warmD.dry上一题下一题(4/15)词汇选项下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语带有括号或下划线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与括号里边部分意义最相近的词或短语。
第4题She is an artist whose work will undoubtedly withstand the test of time.A.gradeB.attractC.bearD.suffer上一题下一题(5/15)词汇选项下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语带有括号或下划线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与括号里边部分意义最相近的词或短语。
【中石油职称英语2016】2016年职称英语理工A答案
【中石油职称英语2016】2016年职称英语理工A答案2016年职称英语理工A答案第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1. Only people over 18 are eligible to vote.A. honestB. qualifiedC. enabledD. clever2. The latest car model embodies the new research development.2016年职称英语理工A答案A. listsB. includesC. borrowsD. broadens3. The coastal area has very mild winter, but the central plains remain extreme.A. severeB. hardC. warmD. dry4. She is an artist whose work will undoubtedly withstand the test of time.A. gradeB. attractC. bearD. suffer5. He wore a shabby thin overcoat in the cold winter so that he fell ill.A. oldB. bigC. newD. small2016年职称英语理工A答案6. The weather was so gorgeous that many people went outing.A. uncontrollableB. pleasantC. cloudyD. unbearable7. Competitors must abide by the judge's decisionA. keepB. readC. understandD. obey8. The umbrella was ingeniously devised to fold up into the pocket.A. seriouslyB. cleverlyC. attentivelyD. carefully9. Some newspapers in the west are notably biased.A. especiallyB. whollyC. totallyD. fairly10. His answers were obscure and confusing.A. unclearB. obviousC. clearD. direct11. The way she looked after her young sister was really touchingA. disturbingB. connectingC. movingD. waving2016年职称英语理工A答案12. We are worried about this fluid situation full with uncertainty.A. stableB. suitableC. changeableD. adaptable13. They have built canals to irrigate the desert.A. decorateB. changeC. visitD. water14. The details of the costume were totally authentic.A. outstandingB. realC. creativeD. false15. The new garment fits her perfectly.A. clothesB. haircutC. purseD. necklace答案：____A第2部分：阅读判断(第16~22题，每题1分，共7分)The Greatest of Victorian Engineers16. Brunel was an important airplane engineer in Britain during the Industrial Revolution.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned2016年职称英语理工A 答案17. Brunel was involved less in railway construction than in other engineering fields.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned18. Brunel worked only on shipping, bridge-building and railway construction.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned19. Brunel's work was largely ignored by his colleagues.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned20. Someprojects Brunel contributed to are still in use today.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned21. Brunel became an apprentice with his father when he was very young.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned22. The Thames Tunnel project was more difficult than any previous projects undertaken in Britain.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned答案: __2016年职称英语理工A答案第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23~ 30题，每题1分，共8分)Geothermal(地热)Energy23.Paragraph 1_________24.Paragraph 2_________25.Paragraph 3_________26.Paragraph 4________A. Recyclable water and steamB.Binary plantsC.Flash steam plantsD. Generation of electricityE. Origin of geothermal energy2016年职称英语理工A答案F. Dry steam plants27. A geothermal reservoir is formed whenhot water is trapped under______.28. A dry-steam reservoir produces steam with______.29. Flash plants produce hot water through______.30. In a binary plant, the heat of the geothermal water can be converted into_____.A. hot springsB. impermeable rockC. little or no waterD.turbine operatorE. one or two separatorsF. the energy to turn aturbine答案：E F C B B D E F第4部分：阅读理解(第31~45题，每题3分，共45分)2016年职称英语理工A答案第一篇SportsStar Yao Ming31. The word “towering" in Paragraph 1 meansA. Iarge.B. fat.C. tall.D. great.32. Opponents find it very difficult to control Yao Ming because of hisA. mobility.B. assaultC. defense.D. celebrity.33. Yao Ming had to undergo a series of TCM treatments becauseA. his right foot had been hurting.2016年职称英语理工A答案B. he wanted to make a more rapid recovery.C. the surgical operation had been a failure.D. he couldn't afford all the medical expenses.34. Which statement about Yao Ming is NOT true?A. Hemissed the Athens Olympics.B. He is an NBA player.C. He fractured his left foot.D. He is an international figure.35. In general, the Western experts' attitude towards TCM isA. indifferent.B. positive.C. negative.D. doubtful.第二篇Deforestation and Desertification(沙漠化)2016年职称英语理工A答案36.The Sahel zone is an area which ___.A. is covered with sad and grassB. has a long historyC. occupies much of South NigeriaD. belongs to Sudan37. What is the situation about the desertification in Africa?A. The deserts are replaced with grasslandsB. The deserts are expandingC. the deserts are moving northwardsD. the deserts are being deserted38. The word “deteriorated ” in paragraph 2 mean s ___.A. deepenedB. sufferedC. slippedD. worsened39. What is the root cause of desertification?A. poor farming2016年职称英语理工A答案B. overpopulationC. radical climate changeD. disappearance of rare plant species40. In order to prevent desertification, the author proposes ___.A. making good use of international aidsB. developing a sustainable agricultural economyC. gaining international supportD. converting agricultural land intoforest第三篇Older Volcanic Eruptions41.Older volcanic eruptions did more damage than more recent ones becauseA. older volcanoes were brighter.B. carbon dioxide made the earth much warmerC. older volcanoes were hotter2016年职称英语理工A答案D. carbon dioxide killed off life moreeasily42. Wignall calculated the killing power of those older volcanic eruptions byA. estimating how long they lastedB. counting the dinosaurs they killedC. paring the proportion of life killed with the volume of lavaproducedD. studying the chemical position oflava43. When did dinosaurs e extinct?A. 300 million years ago.B. 250 million years agoC. 65 million years agoD. 60 million years ago2016年职称英语理工A答案44. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that the cause of dinosaur extinction is_______A. a political issue.B. self-evident.C. quite certainD. controversial45. What is the main thesis of the article?A. Volcanic eruptions are not always deadly.B. Carbon dioxide emissions often give rise to global warming.C. Older volcanic eruptions are more destructiveD. It is not easy to calculate the killing power of a volcanic eruption答案：____C第5部分：补全短文( 第46~50题, 每题2分，共10分)2016年职称英语理工A答案Researchers Discover Why Humans Began Walking Upright Most of us walk and carry items in our hands every day. These areseemingly simple activities that the majority of us don’t question.__46____ The team of researchers from the U.S, England, Japan and Portugal investigated the behavior of modern-day chimpanzees as they peted for food resources，in an effort to understand what ecological settings would lead a large ape —one that resembles the 6 million-year old ancestor we shared in mon with living chimpanzees —to walk on two legs.“These chimpanzees provide a model of the ecological conditions underwhich our earliest ancestors might have begun walking on two legs," said Dr. Richmond.The research findings suggest that chimpanzees switch to moving on two limbs instead of four in situations where they need to monopolize a resource. __47____Over time，intense bursts of bipedal activity may have led to an atomical changes that in turn became the subject of natural selection where petition for food or other resources was strong.Two studies were conducted by the team in Guinea. The firststudy was conducted by the team in Kyoto University’s “ outdoor laboratory ” in a natural clearing in Bossou Forest. _48___The chimpanzees’ behavior was monitored in t hree situations: (a) when only oil palm nuts were available, (b) when a small number of coula nuts were available，and (c) when coula nuts were the majority available resource.When the rare coula nuts were available only in small numbers, the chimpanzees transported more at one time. Similarly, when coula nuts were the majority resource, __49____.In such high-petition settings，the frequency of cases in which the chimpanzees started moving on two legs increased by a factor of four. Not only was it obvious that bipedal movement allowed them to carry more of this precious resource, but also that they were actively trying to move as much as they could in one go by using everything available 一even their mouths.The second study, by Kimberley Hockings of Oxford Brookes University, was a 14-month study of Bossou chimpanzees crop-raiding, a situation in which they have to pete for rare and unpredictable Resources. __50___.A. Researchers allowed the wild chimpanzees access todifferent binations of two different types of nut — the oil palmnut，which is naturally widely available, and the coula nut, which is not.B. human walking on tou shdouf hiosu.2016年职称英语理工A答案C. But an international team of researchers, includingDr. Richmond from GW's Columbian College of Arts and Sciences，have discovered that human walking upright,may have originated millions of years ago as an adaptation to carrying scarce, high-quality resources.D. Standing on two legs allows them to carry much moreat one time because it frees up their hands.E.The chimpanzees regarded the coula nuts as amore highly-prized resource and peted for them more intensely.F. Here, 35 percent of the chimpanzees activity involvedsome sort of bipedal movement, and once again, this behavior appeared to be linkedto a clear attempt to carry as much as possible at one time.答案：CDAEF第6部分：完形填空(第51~65题，每题1分，共15分) Cell Phone Lets Your Secrets Out2016年职称英语理工A答案Your cell phone holds secrets about you. Besides the names and numbers that you've programmed into it, ______traces____(51) of your DNA linger (遗留) on the device according to a new study DNA is genetic (遗传的)material _____that_____ (52) appears in every cell.Like your fingerprint, your DNA is _____unique______ (53) to you——unless you have an identical twin. Scientists today analyze DNA in blood, saliva (唾液), or hair left ____behind_______ (54) at the scene of a crime. The results often help detectives identify ____criminals______ (55) and theirvictims. Your cellphone can reveal more about you ____than_____ (56) you mightthink.Meghan J. McFadden, a scientist at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario, heard about a crime in which the suspect bled onto a cellphone and later dropped the device_____ (57). This made her wonder whether traces of DNA lingered on cell phones 一evenwhen no blood was___involved_____(58). She and colleague Margaret Wallace of the City University of New York analyzed the flip-open phones(翻盖手机)of10 volunteers. They used swabs (药签) to collect_____invisible___ (59) traces of the users from two parts of the phone: the outside, where the user ____holds_____(60) it, and the speaker which is placed at the user's earThe scientists cleaned the phones using a solution made mostly__of____(61) alcohol. The aim of washing was to remove all detectable traces of DNA. The owners got their phones back for another week. Then theresearchers ___returned________ (62) the phones and cleaned each phone oncemore.The scientists discovered DNA that_____belonged______(63) to the phone's speaker on each of the phones. Better samples were collected from the outside of each phone, but those swabs alsopicked up DNA that belonged to other people who had apparently also____handed______ (64) the phoneSurprisingly, DNA showed up even in swabs thatwere taken immediately after the phones were scrubbed. That suggests that washing won't remove all traces of ___evidence________ (65) from a criminal's device.So cell phones can now be added to the list of clues that can clinch (确定)a crime-scene investigation. B.pictures C.shapes D.traces52.A.that B.while C.as D.what53.A.mon B.good C.helpful D.unique54.A.behind B.away C.aside D.over55.A.visitors B.travelers C.scientists D.criminals56.A.until B.before C.unless D.than57.A.paper B.document C.device D.file2016年职称英语理工A答案58.A.checked B.involved C.tested D.gathered59.A.invisible B.emotional C.poisonous D.magical60.A.holds B.watches C.drops D.covers61.A.with B.by C.for D.of62.A.collected B.answered C.returned ed63.A.moved B.changed C.belonged D.turned64.A.bought B.repaired C.seen D.handed65.A.smell B.evidence C.sound D.color。
2016年职称英语考试理工类(A)级试题及答案解析
2016年职称英语考试理工类（A）级试题及答案解析(1/15)词汇选项下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语带有括号或下划线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与括号里边部分意义最相近的词或短语。
第1题Only people over 18 are eligible to vote.A.honestB.qualifiedC.enabledD.clever下一题(2/15)词汇选项下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语带有括号或下划线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与括号里边部分意义最相近的词或短语。
第2题The latest car model embodies the new research development.A.listsB.includesC.borrowsD.broadens上一题下一题(3/15)词汇选项下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语带有括号或下划线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与括号里边部分意义最相近的词或短语。
第3题The coastal area has very mild winter, but the central plains remain extremely cold.A.severeB.hardC.warmD.dry上一题下一题(4/15)词汇选项下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语带有括号或下划线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与括号里边部分意义最相近的词或短语。
第4题She is an artist whose work will undoubtedly withstand the test of time.A.gradeB.attractC.bearD.suffer上一题下一题(5/15)词汇选项下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语带有括号或下划线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与括号里边部分意义最相近的词或短语。
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2016年职称英语考试理工类A级真题第1部分:词汇选项(第1——15题,每题1分,共15分下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线,请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1.The revelation of his past led to his resignation.A.imaginationB.confirmationC.recallD.disclosure2.Jensen is a dangerous man,and can be very brutal.A.carelessB.CruelC.strongD.hard3.You’ll have to sprint if you want to catch the train.A.jumpB.escapeC.runD.prepare4.We are worried about this fluid situation full with uncertainty.A.ChangeableB.StableC.suitableD.adaptable5.The new garment fits her perfectly.A.haircutB.purseC.ClothesD.necklace6.The phobia may have its root in a childhood trauma.A.fearB.joyC.hurtD.memory7.They have to build canals to irrigate the desert.A.decorateB.waterC.changeD.visit8.Her overall language proficiency remains that of a toddler.A.disabledB.pupilC.teenagerD.baby9.The coastal area has very mild winter,but the central plains remain extremely cold.A.warmB.severeC.hardD.dry10.The details of the costume were totally authentic.A.RealB.outstandingC.creativeD.false11.We are aware of the potential problems.A.globalB.possibleC.ongoingD.central12.The idea was quite brilliant.A.positiveB.CleverC.keyD.original13.Stock market price tumbled after rumor of a rise in interest rate.A.regulatedB.IncreasedC.fellD.maintained14.The course gives you basic instructions in car maintenance.A.CoachingB.IdeaC.termD.aspect15.All houses within100metres of these as at risk of flooding.A.in dangerB.out of controlC.between equalsD.in particular 第2部分:阅读判断(第16~22题,每题l分,共7分下面的短文后列出了7个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断:如果该句提供的是正确信息,请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息,请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及,请选择C。
The Greatest of Victorian EngineersIn the hundred years up to1860,the work of a small group of construction engineers carried forward the enormous social and economic change that we associate with the Industrial Revolution in Britain.The most important of these engineers was Isambard Kingdom Brunel,whosework in shipping,bridge-building,and railway construction,to name just three fields,both challenged and motivated his colleagues.He was the driving force behind a number of the hugely ambitious projects,some of which resulted in works which are still in use today.The son of an engineer,Brunel apprenticed with his father at an early age on the building of the Thames Tunnel.At the age of just twenty, he became engineer in charge of the project.This impressive plan to bore under the Thames twice suffered two major disasters when the river broke through into the tunnel when the second breach(决口occurred in1872, Brunel was seriously injured during rescue operation and further work was halted.While recovering from his injuries,Brunel entered a design competition for a new bridge over the Avon Gorge near Clifton.The original judge of the competition was Thomas Telford,a leading civil engineer of his day,who rejected all entries to the competition in favor of his own design.After considerable scandal,a second contest was held and Brunel's design was accepted.For reasons of funding,however, exacerbated(加剧by social unrest in Bristol,the project was abandoned in1843with only the towers completed.After Brunel’s death,it was decided to begin work on it again,partly so that the bridge could form a fitting memorial to the great engineer.The entire structure was finally completed in1864.Today,the well-known Clifton Suspension Bridge is a symbol of Bristol,just as the Opera House is of Sydney.Originally intended only for horse-drawn traffic,the bridge now bears over four million motor vehicles a year.16.Brunel was an important airplane engineer in Britain during the Industrial Revolution.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned17.Brunel was involved less in railway construction than in other engineering fields.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned18.Brunel worked only on shipping,bridge-building and railway construction.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned19.Brunel work was largely ignored by his colleagues.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned20.Some projects Brunel contributed to are still in use today.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned21.Brunel became an apprentice with his father when he was very young.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned22.The Thames Tunnel project was more difficult than any previous projects undertaken in Britain.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned第3部分:概括大意与完成句子(第23—30题,每题1分,共8分下面的短文后有2项测试任务:(1第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2~5段每段选择1个最佳标题;(2第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。
Geothermal(地热Energy1Since heat naturally moves from hotter regions to cooler ones,the heat from the earth'scenter flows outwards towards the surface.In this way,it transfers to the next layer of rock.If the temperature is high enough,some of this rock melts and forms magma(岩浆.The magma ascends in its turn towards the earth's surface.It often remains well below the earth's surface,creating vast areas of hot rock.In such regions,there are deep cracks,which allow rainwater to descend underground.Some of the heated rainwater travels back up to the earth's surface where it will appear as a hot spring.However,if this ascending hot water reaches a layer of impermeable(不可渗透的rock,it remains trapped,forming a geothermal reservoir.If geothermal reservoirs are close enough to the surface,they can be reached by drilling wells.Hot water and steam shoot up the wells naturally,and can be used to produce electricity in geothermal power plants.2.A few geothermal power plants depend on dry-stem reservoirs which produce steam but little or no water.In these cases,the steam is piped up directly to provide the power to spin a turbine generator.The first geothermal power plant,constructed at Lardarello in Italy,was of this type,and is still producing electricity today.3.Most currently operating geothermal power plants are either "flash"steam plants or binary(双重的plants.Flash plants produce mainly hot water ranging in temperature from 300°to 700°Fahrenheit.This water is passed through one or two separators where released from the pressure of the underground reservoir,it "flashes"or boils into steam Again,the force of this steam provides the energy to spin the turbine and produce electricity.The geothermal water and steam are then reinjected directly back down into the earth to maintain the volume and pressure of the reservoir.Gradually they will be reheated and can then be used again.4.A reservoir with temperatures below 300°Fahrenheit is not hot enough to flash steam but it can still be used to generate electricity in binary fluid.The steam from this is used to power the turbines.As in the flash steam plant,the geothermal water is recycled back into thereservoir.23.Paragraph1_____24.Paragraph2_____25.Paragraph3_____26.Paragraph4__ ___27.A geothermal reservoir is formed when hot water is trapped under 23-26:A.Dry steam plants B.Binary plants C.Origin of geothermal energy D.Generation of electricityE.Flash steam plantsF.Recyclable water and steam 27-30:A.the energy to turn a turbine B.impermeable rock C.one or two separators D.turbine operator E.little or no water F.hot springs28.A dry-steam reservoir produces steam with_____.29.Flash plants produce hot water through_____.30.In a binary plant,the heat of the geothermal water can be converted into_____.第4部分:阅读理解(第31—45题,每题3分,共45分下面有3篇短文,每篇短文后有5道题。