曼昆版 宏观经济学第二讲 英文共25页文档
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曼昆《经济学原理》(宏观经济学分册)英文原版课件——25production-growth
Production and Growth
• In the United States over the past century, average income as measured by real GDP per person has grown by about 2 percent per year.
Copyright © 2004 South-Western
Why Productivity Is So Important • Productivity refers to the amount of goods and
services that a worker can produce from each hour of work.
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How Productivity Is Determined • The inputs used to produce goods and services
are called the factors of production. • The factors of production directly determine
Copyright © 2004 South-Western
ECONOMIC GROWTH AROUND THE WORLD
• The poorest countries have average levels of income that have not been seen in the United States for many decades.
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Production and Growth
曼昆《经济学原理》(宏观经济学分册)英文原版PPT课件
© 2007 Thomson South-Western
Table 2 Real and Nominal GDP
© 2007 Thomson South-Western
Table 2 Real and Nominal GDP
© 2007 Thomson South-Western
Table 2 Real and Nominal GDP
© 2007 Thomson South-Western
THE ECONOMY’S INCOME AND EXPENDITURE
• When judging whether the economy is doing well or poorly, it is natural to look at the total income that everyone in the economy is earning.
Y = C + I + G + NX
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THE COMPONENTS OF GDP
• Consumption (C):
• The spending by households on goods and services, with the exception of purchases of new housing.
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THE MEASUREMENT OF GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
• The equality of income and expenditure can be illustrated with the circular-flow diagram.
曼昆宏观经济学第七版英文课件第二章
▪ Gross Domestic Product (GDP) ▪ The Consumer Price Index (CPI) ▪ The Unemployment Rate
Gross Domestic Product: Expenditure and Income
Two definitions:
CHAPTER 2 The Data of Macroeconomics
3
The Circular Flow
Income ($) Labor
Households
Goods Expenditure ($)
CHAPTER 2 The Data of Macroeconomics
Firms
4
Gross Domestic Product: Expenditure and Income
18
U.S. Government Spending, 2008
$ billions
Govt spending
$2,882.4
- Federal
1,071.9
Non-defense
337.0
Defense
734.9
- State & local
1,810.4
CHAPTER 2 The Data of Macroeconomics
in the production of final goods
CHAPTER 2 The Data of Macroeconomics
23
Байду номын сангаас
GNP vs. GDP
▪ Gross National Product (GNP):
Total income earned by the nation’s factors of production, regardless of where located
Gross Domestic Product: Expenditure and Income
Two definitions:
CHAPTER 2 The Data of Macroeconomics
3
The Circular Flow
Income ($) Labor
Households
Goods Expenditure ($)
CHAPTER 2 The Data of Macroeconomics
Firms
4
Gross Domestic Product: Expenditure and Income
18
U.S. Government Spending, 2008
$ billions
Govt spending
$2,882.4
- Federal
1,071.9
Non-defense
337.0
Defense
734.9
- State & local
1,810.4
CHAPTER 2 The Data of Macroeconomics
in the production of final goods
CHAPTER 2 The Data of Macroeconomics
23
Байду номын сангаас
GNP vs. GDP
▪ Gross National Product (GNP):
Total income earned by the nation’s factors of production, regardless of where located
曼昆《经济学原理》(宏观经济学分册)英文原版PPT课件 25
It is an input into the production process that in the past was an output from the production process.
How Productivity Is Determined
Human capital per worker is the economist’s term for the knowledge and skills that workers acquire through education, training, and experience. Like physical capital, human capital raises a nation’s ability to produce goods and services.
The factors of production directly
How Productivity Is Determined
Physical capital per worker is the stock of equipment and structures that are used to produce goods and services. Physical capital includes:
Production and Growth
Productivity refers to the amount of goods and services produced from each unit of labor input. A nation’s standard of living is determined largely by the productivity of its workers.
How Productivity Is Determined
Human capital per worker is the economist’s term for the knowledge and skills that workers acquire through education, training, and experience. Like physical capital, human capital raises a nation’s ability to produce goods and services.
The factors of production directly
How Productivity Is Determined
Physical capital per worker is the stock of equipment and structures that are used to produce goods and services. Physical capital includes:
Production and Growth
Productivity refers to the amount of goods and services produced from each unit of labor input. A nation’s standard of living is determined largely by the productivity of its workers.
曼昆哈佛大学经济学原理第二章PPT精品文档37页
Every field of study has its own terminology
Mathematics
integrals axioms
vector spaces
torts
Law
Promissory estoppel
venues
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
Uses two approaches: Descriptive (reporting facts, etc.) Analytical (abstract reasoning)
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
The Scientific Method
Uses abstract models to help explain how a complex, real world operates.
Develops theories, collects, and analyzes data to prove the theories.
Demand
Deadweight loss
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
Economics trains you to. . . .
Think in terms of alternatives. Evaluate the cost of individual and
曼昆《经济学原理》(宏观经济学分册)英文原版PPT课件
© 2007 Thomson South-Western
THE COMPONENTS OF GDP • GDP includes all items produced in the economy and sold legally n markets. • What Is Not Counted in GDP?
– Every transaction has a buyer and a seller. – Every dollar of spending by some buyer is a dollar of income for some seller.
© 2007 Thomson South-Western
Y = C + I + G + NX
© 2007 Thomson South-Western
THE COMPONENTS OF GDP • Consumption (C):
• The spending by households on goods and services, with the exception of purchases of new housing. • Investment (I):
© 2007 Thomson South-Western
Table 2 Real and Nominal GDP
© 2007 Thomson South-Western
Table 2 Real and Nominal GDP
© 2007 Thomson South-Western
Table 2 Real and Nominal GDP
• “. . . Final . . .” – It records only the value of final goods, not intermediate goods (the value is counted only once).
THE COMPONENTS OF GDP • GDP includes all items produced in the economy and sold legally n markets. • What Is Not Counted in GDP?
– Every transaction has a buyer and a seller. – Every dollar of spending by some buyer is a dollar of income for some seller.
© 2007 Thomson South-Western
Y = C + I + G + NX
© 2007 Thomson South-Western
THE COMPONENTS OF GDP • Consumption (C):
• The spending by households on goods and services, with the exception of purchases of new housing. • Investment (I):
© 2007 Thomson South-Western
Table 2 Real and Nominal GDP
© 2007 Thomson South-Western
Table 2 Real and Nominal GDP
© 2007 Thomson South-Western
Table 2 Real and Nominal GDP
• “. . . Final . . .” – It records only the value of final goods, not intermediate goods (the value is counted only once).
宏观经济学 曼昆英文课件Tutorial_CHAP02
FirmsΒιβλιοθήκη Expenditure $
For the economy as a whole, income must equal expenditure. GDP measures the flow of dollars in the economy. 3 Chapter Two
1) To compute the total value of different goods and services, the national income accounts use market prices. Thus, if $0.50 $1.00
®
CHAPTER 2 The Data of Macroeconomics
A PowerPoint Tutorial
To Accompany
MACROECONOMICS, 6th. ed.
N. Gregory Mankiw By
Chapter Two
Mannig J. Simidian
1
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the dollar value of all final goods and services produced within an economy in a given period of time.
Two ways of viewing GDP
Total income of everyone in the economy
Total expenditure on the economy’s output of goods and services Income $ Labor
Households Goods
曼昆经济学原理宏观经济学分册英文原
• The BLS conducts monthly consumer surveys to set the weights for the prices of those goods and services.
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How the Consumer Price Index Is Calculated 2. Find the prices. Find the prices of each of the
• Compute the index by dividing the price of the basket in one year by the price in the base year and multiplying by 100.
Consumerprice index Price of basket of goodsand services100 Price of basket in base year
© 2007 Thomson South-Western
How the Consumer Price Index Is Calculated 5. Compute the inflation rate. The inflation rate is
the percentage change in the price index from the preceding period.
© 2007 Thomson South-Western
How the Consumer Price Index Is Calculated
4. Choose a base year and compute the index.
© 2007 Thomson South-Western
How the Consumer Price Index Is Calculated 2. Find the prices. Find the prices of each of the
• Compute the index by dividing the price of the basket in one year by the price in the base year and multiplying by 100.
Consumerprice index Price of basket of goodsand services100 Price of basket in base year
© 2007 Thomson South-Western
How the Consumer Price Index Is Calculated 5. Compute the inflation rate. The inflation rate is
the percentage change in the price index from the preceding period.
© 2007 Thomson South-Western
How the Consumer Price Index Is Calculated
4. Choose a base year and compute the index.