时代周刊翻译

…Back to Sleep‟: Why Are 2,500 U.S. Babies Still Dying of SIDS Each Year?

‘用背部睡觉’：为什么美国每年都有2500个婴儿死于婴儿猝死综合症

Putting babies on their back to sleep has dramatically reduced the number of SIDS deaths, but thousands of babies still die each year. A look at the key risk factors.

让婴儿用背部睡觉戏剧性的减少了婴儿猝死综合症的死亡数量，但每年还是有上千数量的婴儿死亡。这有一种对于关键的风险因素的看法。

There‟s no doubt that the Back to Sleep campaign launched in 1994 to get parents to stop putting babies to sleep on their tummies has been a success. In the 1970s and 1980s, the rate of infant deaths per 1,000 live births was 1.5; it‟s now 0.5.

无需置疑的是，1994年发起的用背部睡觉的运动，旨在阻止父母让婴儿用肚子睡觉是成功的。在20世纪70到80年代，婴儿死亡率为每一千名安全出生婴儿中有1.5，现在是0.5。

Within a generation, most babies are now put to bed on their backs, and yet 2,500 U.S. infants still die each year in the U.S. Researchers trying to understand why have noticed a curious byproduct of the trend toward

back-sleeping: as fewer babies were being put to sleep on their bellies, more babies were documented engaging in other pediatric no-nos — sleeping with their parents, for example — which is another risk factor for SIDS.

在一代人中，大部分婴儿现在都用背部放在床上，但美国每年依然有2500个婴儿死亡。研究员正试图弄明白为什么人们会注意到用背部睡觉这种趋势的奇怪的副产品：越来越少的婴儿用腹部睡觉，越来越多的婴儿被证明参与到了一些儿科禁止的事情中——例如，和父母一起睡——这是婴儿猝死综合症的另一个风险因素。

A study published Monday in the journal Pediatrics takes a look at how risk factors for SIDS have evolved over the years. In an analysis of the 954 babies who died suddenly and unexpectedly in San Diego County between 1991 and 2008 — 568 of these deaths were attributed to SIDS — researchers found that

the percentage of babies put to sleep on their backs increased from 30% to 85%. Meanwhile, the rate of bed-sharing at the time of a SIDS death jumped from 19% to 38%; the incidence of babies asleep in an adult bed instead of in a crib increased from 23% to 45%. Being put to sleep in a standard bed is concerning to doctors because beds generally have generous amounts of bedding — fluffy pillows and layers of blankets — which can lead to infant suffocation.

周一在儿科杂志出版的一个课题研究了婴儿猝死综合症的风险因素在这些年是如何进化的。在1991年和2008年之间的一份关于圣地亚哥出乎意料猝死的954个婴儿的分析中——死亡人数中有568人被确定死于婴儿猝死综合症——研究员发现，用背部睡觉的婴儿的百分比从30%增长到85%。其间，婴儿猝死综合症的死亡人数中，同睡一张床所占的比例由19%跃升到38%；婴儿在大人的床上睡着而不是在婴儿床睡着的死亡发生率从23%增长到45%。就医生而言，睡在标准床上是因为床上一般都有大量的床上用品——松软的抱枕和毛毯——这些都会导致婴儿窒息死亡。

Risk factors for SIDS include being born prematurely, being male and being exposed prenatally to alcohol or cigarettes; after birth, parents can unwittingly pile on other risk factors, such as overbundling baby or tucking him in for the night with a cozy quilt. When analyzing the data, lead author Henry Krous, a pediatric pathologist and director of the San Diego SIDS Research Project at Rady Children‟s Hospital, noticed that the number of risk factors hadn‟t actually decreased; it had just changed. “Most babies had two or more risk factors,” says Krous. “What that says to us is that Back to Sleep should emphasize multiple risk factors.”

婴儿猝死综合症的风险因素包括过早出生，出生前接触酒精和香烟；出生后，父母在不知不觉中又让婴儿处在其他的风险因素上，比如婴儿捆绑过度或把他整晚压在舒适的棉被里。当分析这些数据时，第一作者亨利克劳斯，儿科病理学家、圣地亚哥雷迪儿童医院婴儿猝死综合症研究项目主管，发现风险因素的数量实际上并没有减少；它只是改变了。“大多数婴儿都存在两个或更多的风险因素，”克劳斯说，“这要告诉我们的是用背部睡觉运动应该强调预防多种多样的风险因素。”

In other words, Back to Sleep should stress much more than just

back-sleeping. Just putting a baby on his back at bedtime is not the entire solution; parents bringing a new baby home from the hospital should be educated about avoiding baby‟s exposure to all the risk factor s for SIDS.

换句话说，用背部睡觉运动应该强调更多而不仅仅只是用背部睡觉。仅仅是让婴儿在睡觉时间用背部睡觉并不是全部的解决方法；父母从医院带回新生儿的时候就应该被教育如何避免让婴儿暴露在婴儿猝死综合症的风险因素中。