2英语中一致关系
高一英语《新概念英语第二册》语法精粹(含习题) 主谓一致
《新概念英语第二册》语法精粹知识要点：在英语的句子中，谓语动词的形式应与主语的人称和数保持一致。
如何判定，则要看句子的意思。
多数情况下，根据句子的主语形式就能判定，但有的则要看整句的意思，及强调的内容。
下面我们就常用的、易混的几种情况作一下解释。
1、以单数名词或代词、不定式、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。
如：1）The book is on the table.2）He is reading English.3）To work hard is necessary.（It is necessary to work hard.）4）How you get there is a problem.2、复数主语跟复数动词。
如：Children like to play toys.3、在倒装句中，动词的数应和它后面的主语的数一致。
如以here,there开头，be 动词与后面第一个名词一致。
如：1）There is a dog near the door.2）There were no schools in this area before liberation.3）Here comes the bus.4）On the wall were two famous paintings.5）Here is Mr. Brown and his children.4、and连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时，谓语动词用复数。
如果主语后跟有with, together with, except, but, perhaps , like, including, as well as, no less than, more than, rather than等引起的短语，谓语动词仍与短语前的主语的形式保持一致。
如：1）Jane, Mary and I are good friends.2）He and my father work in the same factory.3）His sister, no less than you, is wrong.4）The father, rather than the brothers, is responsible for the accident.5）He, like you and Xiao Liu is very diligent.6）Every picture except these two has been sold.7）Alice with her parents often goes to the park on Sundays.8）Alice as well as her friends was invited to the concert.9）Nobody but Mary and I was in the classroom at that time.5、并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数，and后面的名词没有冠词。
【高中英语语法】总结之二——主谓一致的分类
【高中】语法总结之二主谓一致的分类一、“不确定数量”的单词或短语作主语1.“all of，some of，half of，most of+名词或代词”作主语时，谓语动词由后面的名词或代词决定。
All of the cake has been eaten.蛋糕全吃完了。
（cake用单数）All of us are going to Sam’s party next week.下周我们都去参加山姆的聚会。
（us用复数）Half of the apples are rotten.一半的苹果烂了。
（apples用复数）Half of the apple is rotten.这苹果的一半烂了。
（apple用单数）Some of the work is really difficult.有部分工作的确很难。
（work用单数）Some of the problems we face today are the destruction of our environment. 当今我们面临的问题是环境的破坏。
（problems用复数）Most of my friends live abroad.我的朋友大多数住在国外。
（friends用复数）Most of the cheese is made from cow’s milk.这些奶酪大都是用牛奶做的。
（cheese用单数）2.“the rest of，the majority of+名词或代词”作主语时，谓语动词由后面的名词或代词决定。
The rest of the students are watering trees.其余的学生正在浇树。
（students用复数）The rest of the wine has gone bad.剩下的酒已经变质了。
（wine用单数）The majority of the damage is easy to repair.这次的大部分损害容易补救。
高考英语语法考点难点解析：主谓一致
高考英语语法考点难点解析：主谓一致主谓一致是指句子的主语和谓语在人称和数上须保持一致。
道理虽然简单，但其牵涉到的要点繁多，出现的形式多样，并可以各种题型出现，故不可忽视。
●难点磁场1.(★★★★)—Each of the students, working hard at his or her lessons________ to go to university.—So do I.A.hopeB.hopesC.hopingD.hoped2.(★★★★★)Either you or the headmaster________ the prize for these gifted students at the meeting.(北京2001二模)A.is handing inB.are to hand outC.are handing inD.is to hand out3.(★★★★)A library with five thousand books________ to the nation as a gift.A.is offeredB.has offeredC.are offeredD.have offered4.(★★★★★)His family________ a big one.When I came to see him last night,his family________watching TV.A.is;wasB.was;wereC.is;wereD.are;were5.(★★★★★)The poor________ helped by government programs,________?(2001武汉二模)A.is;isn’t itB.is;isn’t heC.are;aren’t theyD.are;haven’t they6.(★★★★)As a result of destroying the forest,a large________ of desert________ covered the land.(2001上海高考)A.number;hasB.quantity;hasC.number;haveD.quantity;have7.(★★★★★)The teacher and writer________ asked to make a speech at the meeting.A.isB.wasC.areD.were8.(★★★★)When and where to build the new factory________ yet.A.is not decidedB.are not decidedC.has not decidedD.have not decided9.(★★★★★)Many people say 10 000________ a lot of money.A.dollar isB.dollars areC.dollars isD.dollar are10.(★★★★)The number of people invited________ fifty,but a number of them________ absent for different reasons.A.were;wasB.was;wasC.was;wereD.were;were11.(★★★★★)All that can be done________.A.has been doneB.have been doneC.have doneD.has done12.(★★★★★)More than one________ injured in the car accident.A.have beenB.has beenC.areD.have13.(★★★★)Four -fifths of the workers here________ ________ workers.A.is womanB.are womanC.are womenD.is women14.(★★★★)To give________ to receive.A.meansB.meanC.isD.are15.(★★★★★)His “selected poems”________ in 1955.A.were first publishedB.was first publishedC.have been first publishedD.had been first published●案例探究1.More than________ of the workers________ from Paris.A.ten percents;isB.ten percent;areC.three times;wasD.percents ten;comes命题意图：考查分数、百分数的表示法及此时的主谓一致，本题属四星级题。
第二讲 主谓一致(高考英语语法复习)
由“a lot of , (lots of, plenty of, the rest of ) +名词”
构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数＋名词”构成
的短语作主语时，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中
后面名词是否可数而定。
Three-fourths of the surface is sea .
问题7：
All but one_____here just now . (2019 NMET)
安徽省青阳中学 周美灵
主谓一致
在线课堂501/502班 2020.2.11
高考考点分析
1、用and连接两个并列成分； 2、介词with伴随主语； 3、就近原则； 4、各种代词的主谓一致; 5、短语和从句作主语； 6、定语从句中的主谓一致。
问题 1： When and where to build the new factory ____ yet. （NMET）
B) All that can be done has been done . All have gone to the park .
问题8：
He is the only one of the students who ____ a winner of scholarship for three years. (上海春季)
（一）谓语动词常用复数的情况
1）主语为复数名词或代词 The teachers are respected in the world.
2) 当people , police, cattle 等集体名词作主语，形式上 为单数而意义却是复数，谓语用复数
The police are looking for the sing child.
主谓一致(第一、+二讲)课件-2023届高三英语一轮复习
• Mathematics is the study of numbers.
• 3)以-s结尾的地理名称
• 如果是国名，如the United States, the United Nations(UN)联合国， the Netherlands(荷兰)，尽管带有复数词尾，但是单一政治实体， 故作单数用。
• 有时谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语，这就叫做 就近原则。
• Either my brothers or my father is coming.
• No one except his own supporters agree with him.
• 二、本身以-s结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致问题 • 1）以-s结尾的疾病名称和游戏名称，通常为单数 • Mumps(腮腺炎) is a kind of infectious disease(传染病）。 • Darts(投镖游戏) is essentially(本质上) a free and easy game. • essentially=in essence • 但也有个别表示游戏名称的名词作复数用 • Cards(打纸牌) are not allowed here. • 2) 以-ics结尾的学科名称：physics, mathematics, politics都用作单
• 三、以集体名词作主语的主谓一致问题
• 1）通常用作复数的集体名词：people, cattle
• Domestic cattle provide us with milk and beef. • 2) 通常作不可数名词的集体名词：equipment, furniture,
merchandise(商品) • 3) 既可作单数也可复数的集体名词，如：audience, committee,
(完整版)英语语法主谓一致
主一致1.主一致是指英中在人称、数及意方面要与作主的名或代一致。
2.主一致分法一致、意一致、就近一致。
（1）法一致原：主和在法形式上保持一致。
主数，用数；主复数，用复数。
I often help him and he often helps me.（2）意一致原：主和在意上复数一致。
主数，用数；主复数，用复数。
The police are searching the woods for the murderer.（3）就近素来原：当主有两个或两个以上，由凑近它的主确定。
并列主的一致1.And（1）两个数名用and 接，表示不同样看法，用复数。
Tom and Jack are close friends.（2）两个数名用 and 接，表示同一歌人、同一个物，同一个看法，或表示不可以切割的整体，用数。
The singer and dancer is to attend our evening party.（3）被 every， each， many a， no 等限制的数名由 and 接，仍用数，其中，后一个限制可以省略。
every ⋯⋯ and ⋯⋯ every，each⋯⋯ and⋯⋯ each，no⋯⋯ and⋯⋯ no, many a⋯⋯ and⋯⋯ manya。
Each boy and (each) girl has an apple.（4）一个数名被几个用 and 接的并列形容修，可以指一件事或几件事，种名作主，要依照意一致的原决定复数。
（5）由 and 接的两个what 的从句作主，要依照意一致的原决定复数What he says and does do not agree.（言不衷心致）What he says and does does not concern me.2.由 either or, neither nor, not but, not only but also,or, nor接的并列主，常和近的主一致。
高中英语语法专题主谓一致与常见短语
高中英语语法专题主谓一致与常见短语主谓一致“一致”是指句子成分之间或词语之间在性、数等方面应保持一致.主谓一致”是指谓语动词与主语必须在人称、性、数上保持一致,如何学好英语?小编在这里整理了相关资料，快来学习学习吧!高中英语语法专题主谓一致一. 就近原则：在not only…but also, not…but , neither…nor , either…or , there be… 句型中，谓语动词由相邻的主语来确定。
例： 1.Not only they but also I am going to collect money for the Hope Project.2.Either you or Jack is about to take the place of the manager.二. 集合名词做主语，指成员时，谓语用复数;指团体，组织时，谓语用单数：如：class , team, group, family, audience(听众), government, company, crowd, public, enemy, committee(委员会) 等。
例：1.The class are busy working on the exercises at the moment .2.The team was an excellent one in the 25th Olympic Games .三. 当两个名词用 with, together with, as well as, rather than, more than, but, except, besides, along with, including, like 等连接起来做主语时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。
例： 1.Jackie, with his parents, intends to set out for Europe on business next week.2.The son, rather than his parents, is responsible for the fire accident.(对火灾事故负责的是儿子而不是父母)四. 当 each, neither, either 以及由 every, any, no, some 与 one, body, thing 构成的不定代词做主语时，谓语动词用单数。
二。名词和主谓一致(高考英语语法复习)
二．名词和主谓一致1.名词的数（1）.常见的不可数名词：advice.news.progress.money.furniture.fun.equipment.weather.luck rmation.bread.medicine.clothing.wealth. sope.rice这些词在使用中不可乱套汉语而使用复数或加不定冠词（2）.有些名词通常只用作复数。
如：glasses.clothes.trousers（裤子）.ashes(灰尘).congrstulations.in high spirit（以很高的热情）.It is good manners to do sth.（做某事有礼貌）（3）.有些名词既可以作可数名词，也可作不可数名词，但意义不同。
Workun.工作cn.作品，著作roomun.空间cn.房间Experience un.经验cn.经历paperun.纸cn.论文、试卷、文件（4）.名词的修饰词只能修饰可数名词的有：each,either,neither, another, these, Those,both, (a)few, several, many, agreat/good many, dozens of等只能修饰不可数名词的有：（a）little, much, a bit of, a great dealof, a large amount of 等。
既可修饰可数又可修饰不可数的有：some, any, half, most, all, a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of, quantities of 等。
2.名词的单复数（1）.绝大多数的可数名词的复数形式，是在该词末尾加上后辍-s。
friend→friends;cat→cats;style→styles;sport→sports;piece→pieces(2).凡是以s、z、x、ch、sh结尾的词，在该词末尾加上后辍-es构成复数。
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英语中的一致关系及省略和倒装的用法第一部分：语法讲解所谓一致关系就是在英语句子中各个成分之间必须在人称、性、数等方面保持一定的语法关系。
一致关系必须遵循三个原则：即语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近原则。
语法一致：主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式;主语为复数形式，谓语动词为复数形式。
如：The number of mistakes was surprising.错误的数量很惊人。
Jane and Mary look healthy and strong.简和玛丽看起来很健康也很强壮。
意义一致：主语形式虽为单数，意义为复数，谓语动词要用复数形式。
如：My family are having super now.我们一家人正在吃晚饭。
主语形式为复数而意义上却是单数，谓语动词要用单数形式。
如：Thirty dollars is too expensive for the dictionary.这本词典30美元太贵了。
就近一致：谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。
如：Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football.不仅老师喜欢踢足球，而且学生也喜欢踢足球。
一致关系包括：主语和谓语的一致、名词和代词的一致、主语与状语逻辑主语的一致和同等成分的一致等。
一、主语和谓语的一致1. 名词作主语1)集合名词作主语时，如果表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式，如果就其中的个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数形式。
如：The audience was enormous.观众人数很多。
The audience were enjoying every minute of it.观众们正津津有味地欣赏着它。
常见的这部分词有：family, group, staff, army, board, class, committee, crew, government等2)有些集合名词，如：cattle, folk, people, police, youth等，只当复数看待，谓语动词必须用复数。
如：The police are looking for the lost child.警察在寻找失踪的孩子。
3)单、复数同形的名词作主语，应根据意义来决定谓语形式。
如：There are five sheep on the farm.农场里有五只绵羊。
4)若复数是书名、片名、剧名、格言、报名、国名等形式，其谓语动词常用单数形式。
如：Great expectations was written by Dickens in 1860.《远大前程》是狄更斯于1860年写的。
5)名词所有格之后的名词被省略的情况一般指商店、工厂等，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
如：The doctor’s is near the school.大夫的诊所在学校附近。
6)只有复数形式的名词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。
这类名词有：shoes, trousers, pants, gloves, glasses等。
但如果主语由a pair of, a kind of, a series of 等修饰时，谓语用单数。
如：A pair of shoes was in the box.鞋在盒子里。
7)当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间等复数名词，往往根据意义一致的原则，把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语用单数形式。
如：Three years has passed.三年过去了。
Four hundred miles is a long distance.四百英里是一段长距离。
8)不定代词each, every, no, either, neither 等修饰的名词，即使以and或逗号连接成多个并列主语，谓语动词仍用单数形式。
如：Every man has his faults.每个人都有缺点。
No clothes and no food is difficult to live.没有衣食很难生存。
9)如果主语有m ore than one…或many a 构成，尽管从意义上看是复数，但谓语动词仍用单数形式。
如：More than one student has seen the film.不止一个学生看过那部电影。
Many a ship has been damaged in the storm.许多船只在那次暴风雪当中遭到破坏。
但是在“more than +复数名词”或“more+复数名词+than one”结构之后，谓语动词用复数。
如：More than 30 students have seen the film.有30多个学生看过这部电影。
More members than one are against your plan.超过一个以上的成员反对你的计划。
10)both, many, a few, few, several等限定词修饰主语时，谓语要用复数形式。
如：Both these films are boring.这两部电影都没有意思。
11)主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数与其后的主语一致。
如：Between the two windows hangs a picture.在两个窗户间挂着一幅画。
12)“the+形容词”结构充当主语时，如表示一类可数的人或事物，用复数谓语;如表示一类不可数的事物或少数过去分词与定冠词连用指个别人，则用单数。
如：The rich are for the plan, but the poor are against it.富人赞成这个计划，而穷人反对这个计划。
The departed was a well-known engineer.死者是一位非常著名的工程师。
2. 代词作主语1)all, most, none, some等代词作主语，要遵循意义一致的原则，即：其谓语动词的单、复数形式要根据他们所替代的词的含义来确定。
如：All of my classmates work hard.我们班所有同学都很用功。
All of the water is gone.所有的水都用光了。
2)由代词each, every one, no one, either, neither，以及复合不定代词anything, something等作主语，谓语都用单数。
如：Each of the twenty guests was given a present.给20位客人每人赠送一份礼物。
Someone wants to see you.有人要见你。
3)表示数量的不定代词much, little作主语，谓语动词使用单数;而many, few作主语，谓语动词用复数。
如：Much of our food comes from plants.我们的许多食物来自植物。
Only the few are likely to enjoy this music.只有那少数几个人可能喜欢这音乐。
3. 有连接词连接的名词或代词作主语1)用both…and或and连接的并列主语，谓语动词用复数如：Both the secretary and manager have agreed to be present.书记和经理都同意出席。
注：但是，由and连接的并列主语如果指的是一个人、同一事物或同一概念，谓语用单数。
这时后面的可数名词没有冠词。
如：The poet and writer has come.那位诗人兼作家来了。
2)当名词或代词后面是with, as well as, along with, together with, but, except, in addition to, rather than等连词作主语，谓语动词一般和前一名词或代词的人称和数一致。
如：Dr. Green, together with his wife and two sons, has just left and will return at fouro’clock.格林博士及其夫人和两个儿子一起刚刚离开，将于4点回来。
3)由or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also等连接的名词或代词作主语，谓语动词要符合就近一致的原则，即要与邻近的主语一致。
如: Either the principal or his assistants are to attend the meeting. 要么校长要么他的助手们得去参加会议。
4. 数词、量词作主语1)分数或百分数+of+名词构成短语作主语，谓语形式是用单数还是复数取决于他们表示的意义。
用法类似的结构还有half of, a lot of, plenty of, a large quantity of, the rest of等如：Half of the students have read the novel.一半学生读过这本小说。
Half of the food is unfit to eat. 一半的事物不能吃了。
There is plenty of wine in the bottle.瓶里还有不少的酒。
There are plenty of books on the shelf.书架中有很多书。
2)the number of+可数名词，the amount of+不可数名词，the quantity of+可数名词或不可数名词的短语作主语，谓语用单数。
如：The number of the pages in this book is 500.这本书的页码是500页。
The quantity of books in the library is amazing.图书馆书的数量是令人惊讶的。
二、名词与代词的一致关系代词与其所代替或修饰的名词(或代词)在人称或性别上必须保持一致。
如：Each of the students was required to translate the poem by himself. 要求每个学生能够独立把这首诗翻译出来。
Every doctor must know both medical theory and techniques so that he can apply them in helping his patients.每一位医生必须既懂得医学理论，又懂得医学技术，这样才能将它们用于帮助自己的病人。
注：1)在英语中，国家、船只等事物的名词一般被看为阴性的，所以常用she, her来代替。
如：France has decided to increase her trade with China.法国决定增加其对华贸易。