中国美国文化的代表representitives of Chinese and American culture
研究生英语综合教程UNIT3课文及翻译(含汉译英英译汉)PDF版

UNIT 31. Most Americans would have a difficult time telling you, specifically, what the values are that Americans live by. They have never given the matter much thought.2. Even if Americans had considered this question, they would probably, in the end, decide not to answer in terms of a definitive list of values. The reason for this decision is itself one very American value —their belief that every individual is so unique that the same list of values could never be applied to all, or even most, of their fellow citizens.3. Although Americans may think of themselves as being more varied and unpredictable than they actually are, it is significant that they think they are. Americans tend to think they have been only slightly influenced by family, church or schools. In the end, each believes, “I personally chose which values I want to live my own life by.”4. The different behaviors of a people or a culture make sense only when seen through the basic beliefs, assumptions and values of that particular group. When you encounter an action, or hear a statement in the United States that surprises you, try to see it as an expression of one or more of the values listed here.5. Before proceeding to the list itself, we should also point out that Americans see all of these values as very positive ones. They are not aware, for example, that the people in many Third World countries view some of these values as negative or threatening.In fact, all of these American values are judged by many of the world’s citizens as negative and undesirable. Therefore, it is not enough simply to familiarize yourself with these values. You must also, so far as possible, consider them without the negative or derogatory connotation that they might have for you, based on your own experience and cultural identity.Personal Control over the Environment6. Americans no longer believe in the power of Fate, and they have come to look at people who do as being backward, primitive, or hopelessly naive. To be called “fatalistic” is one of the worst criticisms one can receive in the American context; to an American, it means one is superstitious and lazy, unwilling to take any initiative in bringing about improvement.7. In the United States, people consider it normal and right that Man should control Nature, rather than the other way around. More specifically, people believe every single individual should have control over whatever in the environment might potentially affect him or her. 1.大多数美国人在谈起其赖以生存的价值观时会感到力不从心。
中美文化交流相关英语词汇

中美文化交流相关英语词汇胡锦涛主席对美国的国事访问是中美建交以来的一个重大突破,也是一个非常重要的里程碑,它证明了中美的友好是两国人民的共同愿望和需要,这对于促进中美文化交流,致力于增进两国人民各民族、社区和国家对文化、艺术,乃至世界文化遗产的保护等方面,都是一个良好的开端。
Confucius Institute 孔子学院sister cities 友好城市culture shock 文化冲击,文化休克culture pollution 文化污染cross-cultural communication 跨文化交流high culture 高雅文化counter-culture (上世纪六十至七十年代在西方出现的)嬉皮文化,反传统文化online courses 在线课程knowledge-sharing 知识共享The second Sino-US cultural forum 第二届中美文化论坛ever-developing era 日益发展的时代Chinese Overseas Exchange Association 中国海外交流协会picture shows 图片展Sino-US Film Festival 中美电影节education internationalization 教育国际化Sino-US Higher Education Cooperation &Exchange Forum 中美高等教育合作交流论坛China Education Expo 中国教育展Institute of International Education 国际教育协会flexible visa policies 宽松的签证政策overseas study consulting company 海外留学咨询公司brain drain人才外流intellectual circulation 人才流动Chinese Culture Week 中国文化周culture diplomacy 文化外交national publicity film国家宣传片Chief Cultural Officer 首席文化官,文化总监 (CCO)cultural icon 文化偶像cultural information technology system 文化信息技术系统cultural trap 文化陷阱local culture 本土文化mass culture 大众文化oriental culture 东方文化multiculture society 多元文化社会counterculture 反文化cultural diversity 文化差异。
新视野大学英语第四册第三版课后翻译全

亚里士多德是古希腊的哲学家和科学家。
他的作品涵盖了许多学科,包括物理学、生物学、动物学、逻辑学、伦理学、诗歌、戏剧、音乐、语言学、政治和政府,构成了第一个综合的西方哲学体系。
亚里士多德是第一个将人类的知识领域划分为不同学科的人,如数学,生物学和伦理学。
他相信人所有的观念和所有的知识在根本上都是基于感知能力。
他对自然科学的看法构成了他许多作品的基础。
他几乎对他所处时期的每一个人类知识领域都作出了贡献。
他的作品包含了人们所知的最早的关于逻辑的正式研究,即使在今天,亚里士多德哲学所涵盖的方方面面仍是学术研究的重要课题。
他的哲学对所有的西方哲学理论的发展有着经久不衰的影响。
在去世 2,300 多年后,亚里士多德仍是最有影响力的哲学家和科学家之一。
人们普遍认为,威廉 ?莎士比亚是最伟大的英语作家和世界杰出的戏剧家。
他的剧本被译成多种语言,并且比其他任何剧作家的作品都上演得多。
莎士比亚的早期作品大多是喜剧和历史剧。
即使在今天,这些作品仍是同类作品中的杰作,享有绝佳声望。
后来莎士比亚的创作主要是悲剧,其中一些作品,如《哈姆雷特》和《李尔王》,为其在整个西方文学界赢得了声誉。
莎士比亚最显著的特点是其精彩的语言运用及具有普遍意义的主题。
他创造了数千个英语词汇,其中许多已经深植于英语中。
他的作品主题具有普遍意义,所以能够数代流传,激发世界各地读者和观众的想象力。
数世纪以来,莎士比亚影响和激励了许多作家。
其作品至今依旧广受欢迎,在世界各地的文化中被不断地研究、上演和诠释。
莎士比亚将继续对未来的剧作家、小说家、诗人、演员和学者产生巨大影响。
The Doctrine of the Meanis the core of Confucianism.The so-called \by Confuciusdoesn't mean \but a \and\way when understandingand handling objective things.Confucius advocated that thisthought should not only betreated as a way tounderstand and deal withthings but also be integratedinto one'sdaily conduct to make ita virtue through self-cultivation andtraining. The Doctrine of theMean is not only the core ofConfucianism but also animportant component oftraditional Chinese culture.From the time it cameinto being to the present,it has played aninvaluable role in theconstruction of nationalspirit, the transmissionof national wisdom, andthe development ofnational culture.近年来,随着计算机科学和互联网技术的发展,社交网络服务( SNS)已经成为人们构建社交网络和社会关系的一个广受欢迎的平台。
我的1919中英字幕对照

主席阁下:牧野男爵请发言牧野:主席阁下,关于山东问题,日本政府和中国政府已经签订了二十一条,因此没必要在这个会议上讨论了!主席阁下:那你的意思是不需要再发言了?牧野:不,不,鉴于鄙国军队战时对协约国作出了重大贡献,而中国,是未出一兵一卒的战胜国,这样的战胜国难道也有脸到这个会场上来吗?我不知道,他们还有勇气到这个讲台上来说话(各国代表一阵骚动)My dear chairman:Concerning the problem of Shandong, the Japanese and the Chinese government have already signed a treaty of 21 articles. Therefore, it is not necessary to discuss the matter in this conference.Yes,yes! Taking into account the fact that our country’s armies has contributed to the allied countries, whereas China ,for its victorious ,has not sent a single soldier to the front. Does the victorious country have the nerve to show his face at this conference? I do not know if they still have the courage to speak at this occasion. 主席阁下:请中国代表发言顾:请允许我在正式发言之前Before I start my speech, I will show you something给大家看一样东西(牧野:我的怀表(惊讶))进入会场之前牧野先生为了讨好我,争夺山东的特权把这块金表送给了我Before I entered the conference,Mr Makino sent the golden watch to me in order to impress for the privilege of shandong(牧野:(拍台)我抗议,这是盗窃,中国代表偷了我的怀表,这是公开的盗窃!无耻!极端的无耻!(各国代表又一阵骚动,主席敲两下台)I protest,this is a robbery, the Chinese representative has stolen the watch from me ,shameless, ultimate shame!牧野男爵愤怒了他真的愤怒了Makino baron become angry ,he is really angery now姑且算是我偷了他的金表Supposed I stole his golden watch那么我到想问问牧野男爵then I want to ask Makino baron你们日本在全世界面前偷了整个山东省you Japanese ,had stolen Shandong province in presence of the whole world山东省的三千六百万人民该不该愤怒呢and should 36 million people of Shandong province become angry?四万万中国人该不该愤怒should all the Chinese people become angry ?我想请问日本的这个行为算不算是盗窃thus, I wanna ask whether this kind of behavior of you Japanese,is robbery?是不是无耻啊exactly shameless?是不是极端的无耻(各国代表一阵骚动)ultra shameless?英国首相乔治:威灵顿顾是一只智慧的老鼠吧wellington Gu is really sapiential i sn’t he ?美国总统威尔逊:一个充满斗志的诸葛亮a brillant wise zhuge顾:山东是中国文化的摇篮Shandong is the cradle of Chinese culture中国的圣者孔子和孟子就诞生在这片土地上The holy one of China's Confucius and mencius was born in this land孔子孔子犹如西方的耶酥Confucius,like the Jesus in the west山东是中国的shandong belongs to China无论是经济方面还是战略上还有宗教文化Both economic and religious culture or strategy tell that China can’t lost shandong中国不能失去山东就像西方不能失去揶路撒冷(鼓掌)like the west can’t lost Jerusalem英国首相;一个真正剪掉辫子的中国人A real Chinese who have cut the braid美国总统:对中国观点最卓越的论述,今晚整个巴黎都会谈论他The most outstanding Chinese view of the discussion,and that’s why the conference is so important to China!everyone here are all talking about him tonight!尊敬的主席阁下尊敬的各位代表your excellent presidents,representatives我很高兴能代表中国参加这次和会I am very glad to be here and represent China in the facts我自感责任重大and I feel great responsible for it因为我是代表了占世界人口1/4的中国在这里发言because I represent China,whose population is a quarter of the world’s population刚才牧野先生说中国是未出一兵一卒的战胜国Just now, Mr Makino said that China was a victorious country without sending a single soldier !这是无视最起码的事实and that’s the facts that they ignored at least请看please look at these pictures战争期间中国派往欧洲的劳工就达14万during the period of the war,China sent nearly 140,000 labourers to the Europe他们遍布战场的各个角落and they were spreaded all over the war他们和所有战胜国的军人一样在流血在牺牲they were the soliders as the others of the victorious countries,who were blooding and sacrifcing我想请大家再看一张在法国战场上please look at another picture,which is about the cemeteries of the Chinese labourers who were died on the battlefield in France牺牲的华工墓地照片这样的墓地在法国在欧洲就有十几座and there are amounts of such cemeteries in France ,in Europe他们大多来自中国的山东省most of the workers come from Shandong of China 他们为了什么就是为了赢得这场战争and what they do this for?they just asked for winning this war and getting back the peace of their lands换回自己家园的和平和安宁因此中国代表团深信会议在讨论中国山东省问题的时候会考虑到中国的基本合法权益thus ,I believe strongly,the conference will concern about China's basic legalrights and interests while discussing the problems of Shandong ,也就是主权和领土完整in another word, the Sovereignty and territorial integrity of China否则亚洲将有无数的灵魂哭泣Otherwise,there will be numbers of beasts crying throughout Asia世界也不会得到安宁and the world will never be in peace我的话完了谢谢...(鼓掌)Thank you! That’s all I said!thanksPart2主席:面前,是参战国的全权代表,这次残酷的战争是你们挑起的,们曾要求和平,现在把和平还给你们,现在是还清的时候了!(国外长穆勒和国务总长贝尔上台,分别签字,各国代表也陆续上台签字)顾:主席阁下尊敬的各位代表,我...我很失望,最高委员会无视中国人民的存在出卖了作为战胜国的中国我很愤怒...你们凭什么...把中国的山东省送给日本人,中国人已经做到了仁至义尽了我想问问这样一份丧权辱国的和约谁能接受所以我们拒绝签字请你们记住,请你们记住,中国人永远不会忘记这沉痛的一天(敲台) honoured Mr Chairman , honoured all representatives.I, II am very disappointed, I am very angry ,what right do you have? ignored we Chinese people and given China's Shandong Province to the Japanese?The Chinese people have shown extreme embraceHow can such a treaty be accecped?So, we refused to sign.Please remember,the Chinese people will never forget the most painful day!。
英汉词语互借对跨文化交流的影响

2002019年40期总第480期ENGLISH ON CAMPUS英汉词语互借对跨文化交流的影响文/张艳秋 尤广杰【摘要】当不同国家和民族相互往来与交流时,其所用语言就会或多或少受到其他语言的影响, 并从其他语言中借用某些有用的成分,英汉词汇中出现了大量的新词新义。
本文将主要探讨英汉词语互借对跨文化交流的影响,从语言学、语用学及跨文化交际学的角度对英汉词汇借用现象进行梳理和剖析,指出英汉词语借用必将随着跨文化交流的发展而发展,也必将促进各民族间的跨文化交流。
【关键词】英汉互借词;语言接触 ; 跨文化借用; 跨文化交流【作者简介】张艳秋(1970.4-),女,回族,吉林市人,大连民族大学,硕士,副教授,研究方向:英语跨文化交际。
尤广杰(1979.10-),女,满族,辽宁大连人,大连民族大学,硕士,副教授,研究方向:英语语言文学。
【基金项目】2019年大连民族大学本科教育教学改革研究与实践一般项目:新《外语国标》视野下高校英语专业培养两个“创新”为核心的英语教学改革,课题编号:YB2019043。
期曾被音译为“卡通”,后意译为“动画片”,一直流行了几十年, 而近年来, 却又以“卡通”一词取而代之。
(2) 半音半意: 这种方法主要用于复合外来词, 可以分为两类。
一是前半部分采用音译, 后部分采用意译, 如: 呼啦圈( hulahoop)、因特网( internet) 、唐宁街( Downing street) 等。
另外一种是前半部分采用意译, 后半部分采用音译, 如: 文化休克( culture shock) 、水上芭蕾( water ballet) 、奶昔(milkshake) 等。
(3) 音译附加汉语语素:谢耀基指出现代汉语的多种构词方式中, 以附加法( 即词缀法) 受西欧语言影响最为显著。
现代汉语不只是被动地接受外来的对译词缀, 而且是主动地把外来词重新分解成语素,其中一些分解了的语素逐渐虚化而成为很有生命力的词缀, 如现代汉语的词缀“-巴”源于英语借词/巴士( bus),能派生出许多词如:大巴、中巴、小巴、冷气巴等等。
专题02 名词-备战2024年高考英语一轮复习查漏补缺大闯关100道必刷题(解析版)

专题02 名词目录1.最新名校精选必刷小题之单句语法填空2.名词辨析选择题3.最新名校优选试卷语篇填空一单句语法填空1.(广东省新高考高中联合质量测评省级联考10月试题)“I read their books in (hope) of finding encouragement—and I did—by learning about their challenges and struggles as well as their triumphs.【答案】hopes【解析】考查名词复数。
句意:我读他们的书,希望通过了解他们的挑战、挣扎和成功,找到鼓励——我做到了。
固定搭配:in hopes of“怀着……的希望”,此处用hope的复数形式hopes。
故填hopes2.(广东省湛江市第一中学2023-2024学年高三试题)Guinness World Records keeps a list of world____ (record). It lists a 562-metre glass-bottomed bridge in Qingyuan, in China’s Guangdong area, as the No. 1 position in the world.【答案】records【解析】考查名词复数。
句意:吉尼斯世界纪录大全保存着一系列世界纪录。
a list of后接名词复数,作of 的宾语。
故填records。
3.(广东省深圳市富源学校2023-2024学年调研试题)This ancient Sichuan art form might not be as common` as it once was, but it still has the power to amaze (tourist) who come across talented street artists that make these amazing creations.【答案】tourists【解析】考查名词的数。
中美语言文化的差异

中美语言文化的差异摘要:中美两国是古老和现代国家的代表,历史文化的不同,造就了现在的诸多差异,语言文化就是其中之一。
语言是文化的反应,是价值观的体现,在历史中去搜索信仰的差异,也许能找到语言差异的合理性解释。
China and American are the representatives of traditional and modern countries,the difference of the history culture makes the current differences, language culture is the one point. Language is the reactionof the culture and the reflection of the values ,we may find out reasonable explanations about the language differences from the history belief.关键字:语言文化,信仰,文化反应,价值观。
Language culture、Belief、Culture Reaction、Values.中国和美国是两个完全不同的国家,前者是一个具有五千年悠久历史的古老国家,后者是一个只有两百年历史的新兴国家,中国曾经是世界文明的领跑者,世界的中心,然而最近两百年则是被全面超越的历史,现在,世界的领跑者,正是美国。
倘若对这两个国家的文化作一个比较,不知道会有什么样的有趣的现象,这里主要从中美语言文化的差异来谈。
如果单纯从语言的精辟性和趣味性来说,汉语的深度要远远超过英语的,这种说法也许不客观,因为这是站在中国人的角度来说的,但是不可否认的是中国语言众多的文学样式,上古时代的神话传说、先秦时期的诗歌散文、汉乐府辞赋、魏晋风度、唐诗、宋词、元曲以及明清小说,美国是绝对不会有的,历史太短了。
中西方词汇文化差异

英汉词汇的中西文化差异分析(陕西师范大学外语学院,)摘要:语言离不开文化,语言是文化的载体。
词汇是语言的基础,词汇无法独立于语言之外存在,就像语言离不开文化。
正是因为它的重要性,新世纪以来学者对英汉词汇的研究从不间断。
本文主要从英汉词汇体现的不同内涵、不同情感、不同表达以及概念缺失、网络新词中的文化差异四种现象来探讨。
本研究运用对比、参考文献的方法对研究内容分析,从而试图解释中西方文化之间的差异。
关键词:英汉词汇文化差异对比一、研究的现状与目前存在的问题1.研究意义由于中西方文化背景、思维方式、风俗习惯、政治历史、地理环境等方面的不同,必然会造成词义概念和外延的差异、严格地讲,两种不同的语言是找不到完全对等的词的。
由此可见,词汇的文化内涵往往因文化不同而含有浓郁的民族文化特色,所以同一词汇在英汉两种语言中表达意义的内涵差异是不同文化差异的具体反映。
(1)The significance of educationWe all known that , the vocabulary ,in conection with a nation of religious, mythological, literary, artistic traditions and historical ,which is mostly belong to the non-correspondence connotation or zero corresponding word. Such as English boycott; throw in the towel and other terms, if we not explain from a cultural perspective, it would be impossible for the students fully understand the vocabulary and understanding .在英语教学中,教师不仅要传授给学生鲜活生动的词汇文化内涵,还要鼓励学生在英语学习过程中重视学习方法的多元化发展,从而是学生能够对词汇所蕴含的文化意义做出深刻的了解。
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✧CHINAWith thousands of years’ history, China has developed its unique civilization, which gave birth to numerous cultural treasures.●BLUE AND WHITE PORCELAINThe craftsmanship of blue and white porcelain is one of the treasures. The blue and white porcelain features in its fine design, the firing workmanship and the handmade decorations. Its smooth and shiny glaze and the patterns on the porcelain reflect the exquisite skills of Chinese workmen.●ACQUPUNCTUREAcupuncture has a history of more than 2,000 years. Its theory represents the soul of traditional Chinese medicine---balance of the circulation of qi (a life force) .Acupuncture can treat many kinds of diseases in a harmless way. It makes great contribution to the medical treatment in the world.●CHINESE TEATea is a national beverage of Chinese people. Chinese tea was first discovered by Shennong (legendary emperor of China) and reached its zenith in Song Dynasty. Chinese tea culture is a mixture of the ideology of Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism and other schools.●CHINESE KUNG FUAs a component of traditional Chinese culture, Martial arts was to some degree influenced by the philosophical ideology in its process of creation,development and completeness. Lots of martial artist have employed the ancient philosophical ideology to analyze and demonstrate their fist position so that they are well versed in different punches.。
The developed at the end of Ming dynasty and the explanation to its theory are all closely related to the ancient philosophical theory.●CHINESE WEDDINGThe main color of traditional Chinese wedding ceremonies is red, which is the epitome of happiness and luck in Chinese culture. And Chinese wedding ceremonies highlight on the complex etiquettes. For example, the time of the ceremony must be taken into serious consideration and the couples should salute to the elder of the family. These etiquettes indicate that China is a country which focuses more on ethics and harmony of the family.✧AmericaAmericans hold democracy and freedom dear. They emphasize on the fulfillment of one’s self-worth. Americans focus more on achievements and they adore heroes. The consciousness of success is the value of every American.●NBAThe basketball sports born in the 19th century was undoubtedly influenced by American culture—pluralism, aggressiveness and individualism. Players of various countries, body contact, the casual way to play, the accurate statistics of every player, even the turnover in the last minute all reflect these culture. NBA is theproduct of the development of basketball; meanwhile it is a platform showing American culture from different aspects.●HOLLYWOODAmerican dream is usually the theme of Hollywood movies. The values of the American people permeate all the movies. And Hollywood movies are good at building heroic characters which leave the American people strong impression. Furthermore, American government focuses more on the nation’s movie industry and does their utmost to enlarge the movies’ influence to the world. Hollywood’s movies represents American commercial culture.●HIP-HOPHip-hop originates from the dancers improvised dancing steps in the streets of Brooklyn in the 1980s .The dancers at that time were mostly black people or Mexican people. The poor black and Mexican children fooled around the streets all day long and this attributes to the unique dancing style. Hip-hop is somewhat a lifestyle of American people.●HOTDOGSStreet carts selling hotdogs can easily been seen in the streets of New York. No matter on the Fifth Avenue, in Broadway or even on the Wall Street, there are always so many people buying hotdogs. Americans like to eat hotdogs with coke, or ginger soda. Some also enjoy eating hotdogs when watching baseball games. Hotdog is one of the representatives of American fast food culture.●THANKSGIVINGSThe American Thanksgiving holiday began as a feast of thanksgiving in the early days of the American colonies almost four hundred years ago. Turkey, corn, pumpkins and cranberry sauce are symbols which represent the first Thanksgiving. The use of corn means the survival of the colonies. "Indian corn" as a table or door decoration represents the harvest and the fall season. Thanksgiving Day is a special day for Americans to show gratitude .Without the Indians, the first settlers would not have survived.2011级英语一班第一组。