专利翻译
EP 1 241 172 A1描述发明背景1、发明领域[0001] 目前的发明涉及一种新颖的、有用的聚亚烷基氧化改性磷脂，它的生产方式以及它的使用，尤其是这种聚亚烷基氧化改性磷脂，它可以用来修饰或者乳化生理活性物质，或者用于药物传输系统如脂质体等，以下是它的生产方法以及使用。
2、相关工艺的描述[0002] 最近，脂质体制备工作的研究例如抗癌试剂等，已被广泛实施并且以用于改善它在血液中的保持力的目的，水溶性高分子量脂质体的改进已经广泛实施了。
作为改进中的一种，脂质体修饰的聚亚烷基氧化改性磷脂已被使用。
由于它们被用在药物中，这更要求它们含有尽量少的杂质或者没有杂质。
[0003] 在脂质体修饰的聚亚烷基氧化改性磷脂的合成反应中，基底中包含氮原子，例如三乙胺等，常被用作催化剂。
在这种情况下，反应后为了移除基底中过量的反应物，有必要保证反应体系为酸性。
然而，在这个过程中，脂质体修饰的聚亚烷基氧化改性磷脂的变质容易发生，而且很难获得高纯度的产物。
[0004] 当然，基底中包含氮原子，例如三乙胺等，经常有氨或者特殊气味。
因此，不在工作环境中使用这样的基底是很有必要的。
[0005] 聚亚烷基氧化改性磷脂的合成方法已被M.C.Woodle(Biochimicaet Biophysica Acta, 1105, 193明200(1992))和S.Zalipsky(Bioconju克ate Chem. , 4, 296-299(1994))报道了。
特别的是他们报道的方法，先在有机溶剂中用1，1-二咪唑基酮或二琥珀酰亚胺基碳酸酯活化聚乙二醇的末端之后，被活化的聚乙二醇末端会和基底中的磷脂反应，如三乙胺等，之后，产物通过反向硅胶柱层析法提纯，来获得聚乙烯氧化改性磷脂。
[0006] 在这种方法中，反应过后，为了移除基底中过量的三乙胺，体系需要保持酸性。
在这种情况下，单酰基磷脂会形成。
单酰基磷脂有很强的生物毒性，在当作药物使用时会带来问题，例如，在用作药物输送系统中。
[0007] 合成之后，在纯化过程中使用反向硅胶柱层析或者透析法，在开始柱层析时，产物会变质（会形成之前提到的单酰基磷脂等），在透析过程中，会发生产物水解的问题。
因此，在这样的相关合成工艺中，很难获得高纯度的产物，这从工业化角度也是一个问题。
[0008] 正如上面所描述的，在相关的工艺方法中，产物包含一个基底如三乙胺等，当试图要除去杂质时，单酰基磷脂被包括在其中，很难获得高纯度的产物。
并且在相关工艺方法中，从产物产率低和需要大量溶剂的角度来说，很难把这些方法投入工业化生产中。
[0009] 总的来说，需要一种简单的合成聚乙烯氧化改性磷脂的方法，可以实现高纯度，不含像三乙胺一样带有氮原子的基底杂质，或者是单酰基磷脂。
[0010] 由于磷脂作为乳化剂和湿润剂有优越的性能，许多研究者开始组合药物和化妆品，并进一步，这类磷脂被研究用作用作脂质体或者是增加一个表面活性基团。
然而，尤其是在用作乳化剂和化妆品的过程中，随着磷脂数量的增加，出现了表面活性剂溶解不好的问题，因此，其他表面活性剂的量要增加而不仅仅是磷脂的量要增加。
发明总结[0011] 这个发明的目的是提供高纯度的聚乙烯氧化改性磷脂，并且含有较少的杂质例如含有氮原子的基底，单酰基磷脂等，这个发明的其他目的是提供它的生产和使用方法。
[0012] 更进一步，由于刚发明的聚亚烷基氧化改性磷脂有磷脂的作用并且还能在水溶液中溶解，聚亚烷基氧化改性磷脂可以当作表面活性剂使用。
[0013] 以下是目前的发明是聚亚烷基氧化改性磷脂，它的生产方法和使用。
（1）聚亚烷基氧化改性磷脂用下面的化学式（1）来表示，在内容物中单酰基磷脂的量不超过3%，带有氮原子的基底的量不超过0.02%。
（在化学式（1）中，每个R1CO和R2CO独立代表一个有4至24个碳原子的酰基组；k代表从1到4，R3CO代表有2到4个碳原子的一个氧化烯集团；n代表着平均添加带有2到4个碳原子的氧化烯集团的摩尔数，是介于10到800之间某个数；M代表一个氢原子，钠或钾；X代表一个拥有1到3个碳原子或者-C(=O)(CH 2) q（q代表从1到4）二阶的碳氢化合物；P代表0或1，p = 0时,Y是一个氢原子或带有1到4个碳原子的烷基碳原子，当p是1,Y是一个氢原子,氨基、羧基、醛基，缩水甘油组或硫醇基。
（2）聚亚烷基氧化改性磷脂在上面的声明（1）中已有说明，在内容物中单酰基磷脂的量不超过2%。
(3) 聚亚烷基氧化改性磷脂在上面的声明（1）中已有说明,当p为零时，Y是甲基，单酰磷脂的含量不超过0.5%的重量。
（4）一种制备聚亚烷基氧化改性磷脂的方法，包括以下过程（A）。
过程（A）：反应过程为，活化后的原料聚亚烷基氧化物以化学式（2）的形式出现，磷脂在有机溶剂中以碱金属盐的碱性水溶液中以化学式（3）的形式出现，，它是不含有氮原子的固态盐。
[在化学式（2）中，R3CO代表具有2至4个碳原子的氧化烯基；n是平均增加带有2到4个碳原子的氧化烯基团的摩尔数，代表着从10到800；X表示具有1至3个碳原子的二价碳氢化合物，或者是C（= 0）（CH2）q（其中q表示从1到4）；P代表0或1；当P为0时，Y是一个氢原子或一个带有1到4个碳原子的烷基，当P为1时，Y是一个氢原子，一个氨基，一个羧基，一个醛基，缩水甘油基，或巯基；Z代表活化组。
）。
（在化学式（3）中，每个R1CO和R2CO独立代表一个有4至24个碳原子酰基组；k代表从1到4。
）。
（5）生产方法在上述（4）中有描述，R1CO和R2CO每个酰基组有12至20个碳原子。
（6）生产方法在上述（4）或（5）中有描述，当P是0时Y是甲基。
（7）在上述（4）至（6）中描述的生产方法中，用于过程（A）的固体盐是碳酸钠，有机溶剂是甲苯或氯仿。
（8）在上述描述生产方法（4）到（7）中，经过过程（A）后还有以下过程（B）。
过程（B）：一种用乙酸乙酯或丙酮去除磷脂酰乙醇胺的工艺。
（9）在上述描述的生产方法（4）至（8）中，经过过程（A）后具有以下过程（C）。
过程（C）：以乙酸乙酯或丙酮为溶剂进行重结晶的过程。
（10）在上述描述的生产方法（9）中，其中在该过程中（C）中，至少选择一种由具有从5到8个碳原子的脂肪烃组成的化合物，进一步以醚作为溶剂使用。
（11）在上述描述的生产方法（9）或（10）中，其中在过程（B）后进行过程（C）。
（12）在上述描述的生产方法（4）至（11）中，其中这种方法在过程（A）后进行过程（D）。
过程（D）：用吸附剂进行纯化的过程。
（13）在上述描述的生产方法（12）中，其中用于过程（D）的吸附剂是一种碱性金属氧化物，是一种含有铝或硅或活性炭的一种碱性金属氢氧化物。
（14）在上述描述的生产方法（12）或（13）中，其中在过程（B）后进行过程（D）。
（15）在上述描述的生产方法（4）到（14）中，其中聚亚烷基氧化改性磷脂是由下面的化合物（1）来表示，其中一个单酰磷脂含量不超过3%按重量，基底中具有氮原子的含量不超过0.02%的重量。
（在化学式（1）中，每个R1CO和R2CO独立代表一个有4至24个碳原子酰基组；k代表从1到4，R3CO代表有2到4个碳原子的一个氧化烯集团；n代表着平均添加带有2到4个碳原子的氧化烯集团的摩尔数，是介于10到800之间某个数；M代表一个氢原子，钠或钾；X代表一个拥有1到3个碳原子或者-C(=O)(CH 2) q （q代表从1到4）二阶的碳氢化合物；P代表0或1，p = 0时,Y是一个氢原子或带有1到4个碳原子的烷基碳原子，当p是1,Y是一个氢原子,氨基、羧基、一个醛基，缩水甘油组或硫醇基)。
（16）含有表面活性剂的聚亚烷基氧化改性磷脂在上述（1）至（3）中有描述。
（17）含有聚亚烷基氧化改性磷脂的脂质体形成剂在上述声明（1）至（3）中有描述。
（18）含有聚亚烷基氧化改性磷脂的脂质体在上述声明（1）至（3）中有描述。
（19）包含有聚亚烷基氧化改性磷脂的两亲化学改性剂生理活性物质在上面的声明（1）到（3）中有描述。
本发明的详细描述[0014] 在上述方程式（1）描述的聚亚烷基氧化改性磷脂发明物中，每个R1CO 和R2CO酰基组有4至24个碳原子，最好是有12至20个碳原子。
酰基通常是起源于一种脂肪酸。
作为R1CO和R2CO的实例，有的酰基起源于饱和或不饱和的，直链或支链脂肪酸如丁酸、异丁酸、己酸，辛酸、癸酸、月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、棕榈油酸、硬脂酸、异硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、花生酸、山嵛酸、芥酸、和焦油酸。
此外，R1CO和R2CO可能相同或不同。
[0015] 在上述化学式（1）中，R3CO表示的氧乙烯基团具有2至4个碳原子，最好是2或3个碳原子。
作为R3CO，例如，有一个氧乙烯基，一个氧丙烯组，一个代表氧1,3 -亚丙基组，和氧化丁烯基。
在这些基团中，氧乙烯基团和氧丁烯基团易于准备，氧乙烯基是首选。
在分子中，氧乙烯基的数量通过数n决定，但氧乙烯基可能是一种单独或组合两个或两个以上的形式，并没有限制组合的方式。
此外，组合可能是一个块形式或随机的形式。
[0016] 在上述描述的分子式（1）中，n代表平均加入氧化烯组的摩尔数，并且数目是从10到800个，最好是从20到500。
当n至少为10时，将聚亚烷基氧化改性磷脂发明物用于药物输送系统，输送效果变高。
此外，n不大于800，在生产聚亚烷基氧化改性磷脂发明物是，聚亚烷基氧化改性磷脂化合物的粘度用上述公式（2）表示，这是一个原材料，不能增加太多，可加工性变得好。
[0017] 在上述化学式（1）中，M是一个氢原子，钠，或钾。
化学式（1）所示的聚亚烷基氧化改性磷脂可以是它们的混合物。
[0018] 带有磷酸基的钠或钾形成的盐通常是包含在用于制备药物等的生理盐水缓冲液，也存在于一个活体内。
因此，当聚亚烷基氧化改性磷脂发明物用于药物递送系统时，毒性问题也表较小。
当M是除钠和钾以外的其他金属离子时，例如，一个二价金属如钙或镁时，缔合的磷脂分子的结构由此形成。
[0019] 在上面所描述的化合物（1）中，k是一个整数，从1到6，最好从1到4，而且更优选2到4，它最好为2。
[0020] 在化合物（1）中，x是一个具有1至3个碳原子，或者是-C(=O)(CH 2) q （q代表从1到4）二阶的碳氢化合物。
实际碳氢化合物基团包括-CH2- ，-CH2CH2-，-(CH2)3-，-CH(CH3)CH2-等。
p是0或1。
[0021] 在化学式（1）中，当P为0，Y是一个氢原子或一个具有从1到4个碳原子的烷基，并且优选烷基组。
当为烷基时、有甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基，在这些基团中，甲基是优选的。
[0022] 当P为1，Y是一个氢原子，氨基、羧基、醛基缩水甘油，或一个硫醇基团，优选为一个氨基。
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patent 支配专利drawing 附图duration of patent 专利有效期economic patent 经济专利effective filing date 实际申请日期electronic funds transfer (EFT), credit card or deposit account 电子信贷转移，信用employee’s invention 雇员发明enable st shape to vary as a function of position 使某物的形状作为位置函数变化EPO 欧洲专利局ESARIPO 英语非洲工业产权组织essential features (all features which were necessary for solving 必要技术特征（解European Patent Convention 欧洲专利公约European Patent Office 欧洲专利局even remotely suggest that 即使间接的建议evidence 证据examination countries 审查制国家examination for novelty 新颖性审查examination 审查examiner 审查员examiner’s report 审查员报告exclusive license 独占性许可证exclusive right 专有权experimental use 实验性使用expired patent 期满专利exploitation of a patent 实施专利exposition priority 展览优先权expropriation 征用extension of term of a patent 延长专利期限fall under (doing business ) 落入（商业方法）fee 费用FICPI 国际工业产权律师联合会file copy 存档原件filing date 申请日期filing fee 申请费filing of an application 提出申请final action 终局决定书first please refer to claim 2 which state 先参照权利要求2，其表明first-to-file principle 先申请原则first-to-invention principle 先发明原则for claim 1, I would suggest adding... 建议在权利要求1加入force majeure 不可抗力foreign patent application 外国专利申请formal examination 形式审查fully complied with 完全遵守gazette 公报Geneva Treaty on the International Recording of Scientific Discoveries 关于科学发现国际注册日内瓦条约grace period 宽限期grant of a patent 授予专利权holder of a patent 专利持有人ICIREPAT 专利局间情报检索国际合作巴黎联盟委员会if the benefits thereof are desired. 得到其中的便利IFIA 国际发明人协会联合会in the claims by technical features 利用技术特征来表示in the Consumer Price Index as determined 前12个月的in the initial specification and clainmsMaintenance fee 年费may not go beyond the scope of the disclosure contained 不得超出原说明书和权利要求书none of the prior art of record anticipates …记录在案的现有技术并没有预见到...omnibus claims 多项权利要求on the basic of document1 在文件1的基础上，基于文件1or 11 years and 6 months after grant of the patent. 和11年零6个月的授权当月的同一日over D1 in view of D2 对比D1并结合D2Paris Union Committee for International Cooperation in Information Retrieval among Patent Offices 专利局间情报检索国际合作巴黎联盟委员会payments by credit card and payments by deposit account 信用卡或存储账户支付permits maintenance fees to be adjusted 允许年费pertaining to （payment method）关于please note none of these teachings in D1 请注意在对比文件1中没有该提示reference signs 标号reference was made to Aricle 1 引用第一条referred to generally as the "window period," 一般称为“窗口期”reflect any fluctuations during the previous 12 months反映根据由劳动部确定的regarding claim 2 as not being supported by 关于权利要求2不被…支持regarding something , please refer to …关于…请参考sets forth the time periods 指定时间期限so that the infringer would only have to 侵权者只须subject matter claimed 要求保护的主题take the view of (that) 采取…观点technical contribution to the state of the art 对现有技术的贡献the difference over D1 is quite clear and while 相对于D1的不同是很明显的The last day is the same day of the month the patent 窗口期的最后一天是专利授权后的the point of this discussion is that 此次讨论的要点是….the protection sought should be indicated 要求保护的内容应当在权利要求中-the question is must we add st.in sb 问题是我们必须在…中加入…the reason we prefer to …我们提到的理由the techical problem with which the application was 的技术问题必须的所有的技术特征）thereby providing a st. 因此，提供一个…this is particular relevant to D1 which teach us st. 这一点与对比文件尤其相关，它告to avoide narrowing or wilding claim 1 避免缩小或扩大权利要求1to be adjusted every year on October 1 每年的10月一日调整to be fulfill the requirment of clarity 满足清晰的要求to delimite (defined) the scope of protection 限定了保护范围to enlarge the scope of protection 扩大了保护范围to narrow the scope of protection 缩小了保护范围to optimize our protection for the application 使对申请的保护合理vague generalized discussion in D1 含混的，泛泛的讨论was granted 3 years and 6 months, 7 years and 6 months, 3年零6个月，7年零6个月Would you please advise how we can process in this question 请指示我们怎样处理该问。
专利翻译常见用词与术语
一、常用语言点1. according to vs. based on美国版：in accordance with 更开放，according to 范围更小。
美国律师Paul觉得，based on似乎有direct dependent （直接依附/取决于）的意思，也就说，似乎可理解为直接因素。
欧洲字对字版：字面对应翻译，“根据” according to ; "基于" based on2. can vs. may关于“能够”，要根据实际情况选词：# 表达能力，一般不建议用can，而是capable of# 表示可能性，用can或 may# 如果只是表示具体事实，“能够”多余，可以不翻译（但需IPR确认）补充说明：以前美国律师强调过，can会有主观色彩，不建议用。
但现在没有强调，很多时候也用了。
但如果表示可能，用may更保险。
也有美国律师认为，没说can一定不用能，要看在什么地方。
如果是独权相应的描述，每个特征都是必须的，则不用can, can be, may, may be, optionally, etc. 当然，能够用may的地方，比用can听上去顺耳些，大概是更加正式吧。
3. consist of说明书、权利要求均应避免使用封闭性的短语和词语，例如：consist of, composed of, contain。
翻译时确认是否为封闭式。
如果是，可用；如果不是，用form, formed by, include等开放式表述。
（David: 这一条仍有待外国专家确认，但大家可以先遵守。
）4. comprise说明书部分不用comprise这种法律性很强的词。
只是要用include（注：comprise 和include都属于“包括但不限于”的意思，属于开放性词语）。
5. efficient权利要求避免使用以下词语：big, sufficient, strong, such as, when required, etc. e.g.6. preferred说明书中避免使用preferred，这样会给申请本身造成一定的限制。
专利及申请的英文翻译相关词汇
ｃｏunterｐｌeadiｎｇs反诉状
ｃounｔeｒclaiｍ 反诉ﻫcounｔrｙcode国家代号
crｏｓslｉcｅｎｓｅ交叉许可证
ｄatａ资料
ｄata exchaｎgｅａｇrｅemenｔ资料交换协议ﻫdataｏf appｌｉｃａtion申请日期ﻫdateｏｆgrant授予日期
economiｃpatｅｎt经济专利
efｆｅctivｅfilinｇdaｔe实际申请日期ﻫemployｅe’siｎvｅｎtion雇员发明ﻫEPO欧洲专利局ﻫEuｒopeanPaｔｅnｔOｆfice欧洲专利局
ａｐplｉcaｎt fｏr pａteｎt专利申请人
apｐｌiｃａｔｉｏn dａte申请日期
applicatｉoｎdｏcumｅnts申请案文件
ａｐplicaｔion fｅe申请费ﻫapplｉcation forｐatenｔ专利申请(案)
apｐliｃａｔｉon laｙinｇoｐen foｒpuｂliｃinｓpection公开供公众审查的申请
专利及申请的英文翻译相关词汇
———————————————————————————————— 作者:
———————————————————————————————— 日期:
专利及申请的英文翻译相关词汇
aｂaｎdonmenｔofa pａtent放弃专利权ﻫabａndoｎｍent of apatentａpplｉcａtｉon放弃专利申请ﻫabｒidgmenｔ 文摘abstｒａcｔ文摘(摘要)
ｃo-appｌｉcants共同申请人
co-invenｔｏrs共同发明人ﻫcolｏr coｄｉnｇ色码制ﻫcommiｓsｉonｅr专利局长ﻫCommunity PaｔｅntＣoｎvｅntｉon共同体专利公约
专利翻译常见用词与术语
专利翻译常见用词与术语一、常用语言点1.accordingtov.baedon美国版：inaccordancewith更开放，accordingto范围更小。
美国律师Paul觉得，baedon似乎有directdependent（直接依附/取决于）的意思，也就说，似乎可理解为直接因素。
欧洲字对字版：字面对应翻译，“根据”accordingto;\基于\2.canv.may关于“能够”，要根据实际情况选词：#表达能力，一般不建议用can，而是capableof#表示可能性，用can或may#如果只是表示具体事实，“能够”多余，可以不翻译（但需IPR确认）补充说明：以前美国律师强调过，can会有主观色彩，不建议用。
但现在没有强调，很多时候也用了。
但如果表示可能，用may更保险。
也有美国律师认为，没说can一定不用能，要看在什么地方。
如果是独权相应的描述，每个特征都是必须的，则不用can,canbe,may,maybe,optionally,etc.当然，能够用may的地方，比用can听上去顺耳些，大概是更加正式吧。
3.conitofformedby,include等开放式表述。
（David:这一条仍有待外国专家确认，但大家可以先遵守。
）5.efficient权利要求避免使用以下词语：big,ufficient,trong,ucha,whenrequired,etc.e.g.6.preferred说明书中避免使用preferred，这样会给申请本身造成一定的限制。
建议使用e某emplary来替换。
7.certain说明书中避免使用certain,about,appro某imately等含糊的词语。
8.effectively避免使用多余或带有赞美色彩的词。
如：9.merelyv.only两个都可以用，需要全文统一使用。
10.whenv.if若为忠于中文，用when也行。
补充说明：在权利要求中,when比if的范围更大。
专利常用翻译词汇
专利权patent right优先权日priority date申请在先原则prior application rule使用在先priority of use新颖性novelty创造性creativity实用性practicability发明创造invention and creation实用新型utility model外观设计design; industrial design发明权right of invention发现权right of discovery专利申请patent application专利异议objection to a patent专利公告patent gazette专利续展费renewal fee of patent专利许可协议patent licensing agreement技术诀窍know-how专有技术know-how专利证书certificate of patent专利翻译专利事务所patent office专利代理patent agency中华人民共和国专利局Patent Office of the People’s Republic of China abandonment of a patent 放弃专利权abandonment of a patent application 放弃专利申请abridgment 文摘abstract 文摘(摘要)abuse of patent 滥用专利权action for infringement of patent 专利侵权诉讼action of a patent 专利诉讼address for service 文件送达地址affidavit 誓书allowance 准许amendment 修改annual fee 年费annuity 年费anticipation 占先appeal 上诉appellation of origin 原产地名称applicant for patent 专利申请人application date 申请日期application documents 申请案文件application fee 申请费application for patent 专利申请(案)application laying open for public inspection 公开供公众审查的申请application number 申请号application papers 申请案文件arbitration 仲裁art 技术article of manufacture 制品assignee 受让人assignment 转让assignor 转让人author of the invention 发明人author’s certificate 发明人证书basic patent 基本专利Berne Convention 伯尔尼公约Berne Union 伯尔尼联盟best mode 最佳方式bibliographic data 著录资料BIRPI 保护知识产权联合国国际局board of appeals 申诉委员会breach of confidence 泄密Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of Microorganisms for the Purposes of Patent Procedure 国际承认用于专利程序的微生物保存布达佩斯条约burden of proof 举证责任case law 判例法caveat 预告certificate of addition 增补证书certificate of correction 更正证明书certificate of patent 专利证书certified copy 经认证的副本Chemical Abstracts 化学文摘citation 引证claim 权项classifier 分类员co-applicants 共同申请人co-inventors 共同发明人color coding 色码制commissioner 专利局长Community Patent Convention 共同体专利公约complete application 完整的申请案complete description 完整的叙述complete specification 完整的说明书comptroller 专利局长compulsory license 强制许可证conception 概念conception date 概念日期confidential application 机密申请confidential information 保密情报conflict award 冲突裁定conflict procedure 冲突程序conflicting applications 冲突申请案continuation application 继续申请continuation-in-part application 部分继续申请案contractual license 契约性许可证contributory infringement 简介侵犯convention application 公约申请convention country 公约国convention date 公约日期Convention Establishing the World Intellectual Property Organization 建立世界知识产权组织公约convention period 公约期限convention priority 公约优先权copyright 版权correction slip 勘误表counter pleadings 反诉状counterclaim 反诉country code 国家代号cross license 交叉许可证data 资料data exchange agreement 资料交换协议data of application 申请日期date of grant 授予日期date of issue 颁发日期date of patent 专利日期date of publication 公布日期dedication to the public 捐献于公众defendant 被告人defenses 辩护defensive publication 防卫性公告deferred examination 延迟审查dependent claim 从属权项dependent patent 从属专利Derwent Publications Ltd. 德温特出版有限公司design patent 外观设计专利development 发展disclaimer 放弃权项disclosure 公开division 分案divisional application 分案申请domination patent 支配专利drawing 附图duration of patent 专利有效期economic patent 经济专利effective filing date 实际申请日期employee’s invention 雇员发明EPO 欧洲专利局European Patent Office 欧洲专利局ESARIPO 英语非洲工业产权组织European Patent Convention 欧洲专利公约evidence 证据examination 审查examination countries 审查制国家examination for novelty 新颖性审查examiner 审查员examiner’s report 审查员报告exclusive license 独占性许可证exclusive right 专有权experimental use 实验性使用expired patent 期满专利exploitation of a patent 实施专利exposition priority 展览优先权expropriation 征用extension of term of a patent 延长专利期限fee 费用FICPI 国际工业产权律师联合会file copy 存档原件filing date 申请日期filing fee 申请费filing of an application 提出申请final action 终局决定书first-to-file principle 先申请原则first-to-invention principle 先发明原则force majeure 不可抗力foreign patent application 外国专利申请formal examination 形式审查gazette 公报Geneva Treaty on the International Recording of Scientific Discoveries 关于科学发现国际注册日内瓦条约grace period 宽限期grant of a patent 授予专利权holder of a patent 专利持有人ICIREPAT 专利局间情报检索国际合作巴黎联盟委员会Paris Union Committee for International Cooperation in Information Retrieval among Patent Offices 专利局间情报检索国际合作巴黎联盟委员会IFIA 国际发明人协会联合会International Federation of Inventor’s Association 国际发明人协会联合会IBB 国际专利研究所Institut International des Brevets 国际专利研究所imitation 仿造impeachment 控告improvement 改进improvement patent 改进专利independence of patents 专利独立indication of source 产地标记indirect infringement 间接侵犯industrial applicability 工业实用性industrial design 工业品外观设计industrial property 工业产权information in the public domain 公开情报infringement of a patent 侵犯专利权infringement of a trade mark 侵犯商标权INID 著录资料识别码ICIREPAT Numbers for the Identification of Data 著录资料识别码INPADOC 国际专利文献中心INSPEC 国际物理学和工程情报服务部insufficient disclosure 公开不允分intellectual property 知识产权interdependent patents 相互依存的专利interference procedure 抵触程序interlocutory injunction 中间禁止令interlocutory order 中间命令International Convention for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants 保护植物新品种国际公约International Patent Classification Agreement 国际专利分类协定International Preliminary Examining Authority 国际初审单位international protection 国际保护International Searching Authority 国际检索单位invalidation 无效invention 发明inventive step 独创性inventor 发明人inventor’s certificate 发明人证书IPC 国际专利分类International Patent Classification 国际专利分类issue of a patent 办法专利joint applicants 共同申请人joint invention 共同发明joint inventors 共同发明人joint patentees 共同专利权人journal 公报judgment 判决junior party 后申请方know-how 技术诀窍lapsed patent 已终止的专利lawsuit of a patent 专利诉讼legal person 法人legend 说明LES International 国际许可贸易执行人协会Licensing Executives Society International 国际许可贸易执行人协会letters patent 专利证书license 许可证license agreement 许可证协议license of course 当然许可证licensing 许可证贸易licensor 许可人Lisbon Agreement for the Protection of Appellations of Origin and their International Registration 保护原产地名称及国际注册里斯本协定Locarno Agreement Establishing an International Classification for Industrial Design 建立工业品外观设计国际分类洛迦诺协定loss of a patent 专利权的丧失Madrid Agreement Concerning the International Registration of Marks 商标国际注册马德里协定Madrid Agreement for the Repression of False or Deceptive Indications of Source on Goods 制止商品产地虚假或欺骗性标记马德里协定main patent 主专利maintenance fee 维持费marking 标记memorandum of understanding 谅解备忘录method 方法microforms 微缩文件minimum documentation 最少限度检索文献minimum royalties 最低提成费misuse of patent 滥用专利权mixed license 混合许可证model laws 示范法most-favoured provision 最惠条款name of invention 发明名称national treatment 国民待遇natural person 自然人neighboring rights 邻接权new varieties of plants 植物新品种Nice Agreement Concerning the International Classification of Goods and Services for the Purposes of the Registration of Marks 商标注册用商品与服务国际分类尼斯协定non-examining countries 不审查制国家non-exclusive license 非独占性许可证non-obviousness 非显而易见性non-use of a patent 不实施专利notary public 公正机关notice of infringement 侵权通知novelty 新颖性OAPI 非洲知识产权组织objection 异议office action 专利局审查决定书opposition 异议originality 独创性owner of a patent 专利所有人parent application 原申请Paris Convention 巴黎公约Paris Union 巴黎联盟patent 专利patent act 专利法patent agent 专利代理人patent applied for 已申请专利patent attorney 专利律师patent classification 专利分类patent documentation 专利文献patent documents 专利文件patent families 同族专利 专利翻译patent for an invention 发明专利patent law 专利法patent license 专利许可证patent number 专利号patent of addition 增补专利patent of confirmation 确认专利patent of importation 输入专利patent of introduction 引进专利patent of revalidation 再效专利patent office 专利局patent pending 专利未决patent right 专利权patent rules 专利实施细则patent system 专利制度patentability 专利性patented invention 专利发明patentee 专利权人patenting 授予专利权PCT 专利合作条约PCT Union 专利合作条约pending application 未决申请period of a patent 专利有效期person skilled in the art 所属技术领域的专业人员petition 请求书petty patent 小专利plaintiff 原告人plant patent 植物专利pleadings 起诉状precautional patent 预告专利precedents 判例prescription 时效prevention of unfair competitionprincipal patent 主专利prior art 先有技术prior use 先用priority 优先权priority claim 优先权声明priority declaration 优先权声明process patent 方法专利processing of an application 申请案的处理product patent 产品专利provisional specification 临时说明书publication 公布reclassification 再分类reexamination 复审refusal 驳回register of patents 专利登记册registered patent 登记专利registered trade mark 注册商标registration 登记registration countries 登记制国家reissue patent 再颁发专利rejection 驳回remedy 补救renewal fee 续展费request 请求书restoration of a lapsed patent 恢复已终止的专利restricted conditions 限制条款review 复审revival of an abandoned application 恢复已放弃的申请revocation of a patent 撤销专利royalties 提成费Science Abstracts 科学文摘scientific discovery 科学发现scope of protection 保护范围seal 盖章search 检索secret patent 机密专利service invention 职务发明service mark 服务标记signature 签署simple license 普通许可证single applicant 单独申请人sliding scale of royalties 滑动提成费sole license 排他性许可证specification 说明书state of the art 先有技术水平statement of claim 诉讼陈述statement of defense 辩护陈述substance patent 物质专利substantive examination 实质性审查succession 继承sufficiency of description 充分描述technical assistance 技术协助technical data 技术资料technology transfer 技术转移temporary protection 临时保护term of a patent 专利有效期The Hague Agreement Concerning the International Deposit of Industrial Designs 工业品外观设计国际保存海牙协定title of invention 发明名称title to patent 专利所有权trade mark 商标Trademark Registration Treaty 商标注册条约trade name 厂商名称trial 审判unfair competition 不正当竞争unity of invention 发明单一性Universal Copyright Convention 世界版权公约unpatentable subject matter 不能取得专利的主题use patent 用途专利utility certificate 实用证书utility model 实用新型Vienna Agreement Establishing an International Classification of the Figurative Elements of Marks 建立商标图形要素国际分类维也纳协定Vienna Agreement for the Protection of Type Faces and their International Deposit 印刷字体保护及其国际保存维也纳协定WIPO 世界知识产权组织withdrawal of an application 撤回申请witness 证人working of a patent 实施专利World Intellectual Property Organization 世界知识产权组这WPI 世界专利索引World Patent Index 世界专利索引reference was made to Aricle 1 引用第一条regarding claim 2 as not being supported by 关于权利要求2不被…支持first please refer to claim 2 which state 先参照权利要求 2，其表明the point of this discussion is that 此次讨论的要点是….regarding something , please refer to …关于…请参考for claim 1, I would suggest adding…建议在权利要求1加入the question is must we add st.in sb 问题是我们必须在…中加入…the reason we prefer to …我们提到的理由to avoide narrowing or wilding claim 1 避免缩小或扩大权利要求1so that the infringer would only have to 侵权者只须Would you please advise how we can process in this question 请指示我们怎样处理该问题to optimize our protection for the application 使对申请的保护合理claim1 was refected as being predictable 可以预料权利要求1可以恢复on the basic of document1 在文件1的基础上，基于文件1common sense, known technical solution 公知，已知的技术方案please note none of these teachings in D1 请注意在对比文件1中没有该提示even remotely suggest that 即使间接的建议enable st shape to vary as a function of position 使某物的形状作为位置函数变化thereby providing a st. 因此，提供一个…this is particular relevant to D1 which teach us st. 这一点与对比文件尤其相关，它告诉我们…vague generalized discussion in D1 含混的，泛泛的讨论the difference over D1 is quite clear and while 相对于D1的不同是很明显的claim 1 is rejected on the basis that 根据…驳回权利要求1additional features don’t work to resolve question 附加的特征也不能解决问题over D1 in view of D2 对比D1并结合D2claimed subject matter 要求保护的主题claimed features 要求保护的特征none of the prior art of record anticipates …记录在案的现有技术并没有预见到…clain 1and 2 have noveity under PCT Article 33(2) respectively 根据33条第二款权利要求都具有新颖性may not go beyond the scope of the disclosure contained 不得超出原说明书和权利要求书的范围in the initial specification and clainmscontent of the application as originally filed 原始申请的内容take the view of (that) 采取…观点fall under (doing business ) 落入（商业方法）subject matter claimed 要求保护的主题technical contribution to the state of the art 对现有技术的贡献the protection sought should be indicated 要求保护的内容应当在权利要求中-in the claims by technical features 利用技术特征来表示to delimite (defined) the scope of protection 限定了保护范围to enlarge the scope of protection 扩大了保护范围to narrow the scope of protection 缩小了保护范围to be fulfill the requirment of clarity 满足清晰的要求claim to a product 产品权利要求claim to a method 方法权利要求omnibus claims 多项权利要求reference signs 标号essential features (all features which were necessary for solving the techical problem with which the application was concerned had to be regarded as essential features ) 必要技术特征（解决与申请相关的技术问题必须的所有的技术特征）Maintenance fee 年费electronic funds transfer (EFT), credit card or deposit account 电子信贷转移，信用卡或存储账户支付方法pertaining to （payment method）关于payments by credit card and payments by deposit account 信用卡或存储账户支付fully complied with 完全遵守if the benefits thereof are desired. 得到其中的便利be paid in advance 预先交permits maintenance fees to be adjusted 允许年费to be adjusted every year on October 1 每年的10月一日调整reflect any fluctuations during the previous 12 months 反映根据由劳动部确定的in the Consumer Price Index as determined 前12个月的by the Secretary of Labor 消费价格指数的波动sets forth the time periods 指定时间期限referred to generally as the “window period,”一般称为“窗口期”The last day is the same day of the month the patent 窗口期的最后一天是专利授权后的was granted 3 years and 6 months, 7 years and 6 months, 3年零6个月，7年零6个月or 11 years and 6 months after grant of the patent. 和11年零6个月的授权当月的同一日。
常见专利翻译英汉大全
常见专利翻译英汉大全转载2018-11-25 09:49:58标签：专利翻译专利英汉翻译涉外专利翻译专利术语翻译无交底发明编写Aabandonment of a patent 放弃专利权abandonment of a patent application 放弃专利申请abstract 文摘(摘要)abuse of patent 滥用专利权action for infringement of patent 专利侵权诉讼action of a patent 专利诉讼address for service 文件送达地址affidavit 誓书allowance 准许amendment 修改annual fee 年费annuity 年费anticipation 占先appeal 上诉appellation of origin 原产地名称applicant for patent 专利申请人application date 申请日期application documents 申请案文件application fee 申请费application for patent 专利申请(案)application laying open for public inspection 公开供公众审查的申请application number 申请号application papers 申请案文件arbitration 仲裁art 技术article of manufacture 制品assignee 受让人assignment 转让assignor 转让人author of the invention 发明人author’s certificate 发明人证书Bbasic patent 基本专利Berne Convention 伯尔尼公约Berne Union 伯尔尼联盟best mode 最佳方式bibliographic data 著录资料BIRPI 保护知识产权联合国国际局board of appeals 申诉委员会breach of confidence 泄密Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of Microorganisms for the Purposes of Patent Procedure 国际承认用于专利程序的微生物保存布达佩斯条约burden of proof 举证责任Ccase law 判例法caveat 预告certificate of addition 增补证书certificate of correction 更正证明书certificate of patent 专利证书certified copy 经认证的副本Chemical Abstracts 化学文摘citation 引证claim 权项classifier 分类员co-applicants 共同申请人co-inventors 共同发明人color coding 色码制commissioner 专利局长Community Patent Convention 共同体专利公约complete application 完整的申请案complete description 完整的叙述complete specification 完整的说明书comptroller 专利局长compulsory license 强制许可证conception 概念conception date 概念日期confidential application 机密申请confidential information 保密情报conflict award 冲突裁定conflict procedure 冲突程序conflicting applications 冲突申请案continuation application 继续申请continuation-in-part application 部分继续申请案contractual license 契约性许可证contributory infringement 帮助侵犯convention application 公约申请convention country 公约国convention date 公约日期Convention Establishing the World Intellectual Property Organization 建立世界知识产权组织公约convention period 公约期限convention priority 公约优先权copyright 版权correction slip 勘误表counter pleadings 反诉状counterclaim 反诉country code 国家代号cross license 交叉许可证Ddata 资料data exchange agreement 资料交换协议data of application 申请日期date of grant 授予日期date of issue 颁发日期date of patent 专利日期date of publication 公布日期dedication to the public 捐献于公众defendant 被告人defenses 辩护defensive publication 防卫性公告deferred examination 延迟审查dependent claim 从属权项dependent patent 从属专利Derwent Publications Ltd. 德温特出版有限公司design patent 外观设计专利development 发展disclaimer 放弃权项disclosure 公开division 分案divisional application 分案申请domination patent 支配专利drawing 附图duration of patent 专利有效期Eeconomic patent 经济专利effective filing date 实际申请日期employee’s invention 雇员发明EPO 欧洲专利局European Patent Office 欧洲专利局ESARIPO 英语非洲工业产权组织European Patent Convention 欧洲专利公约evidence 证据examination 审查examination countries 审查制国家examination for novelty 新颖性审查examiner 审查员examiner’s report 审查员报告exclusive license 独占性许可证exclusive right 专有权experimental use 实验性使用expired patent 期满专利exploitation of a patent 实施专利exposition priority 展览优先权expropriation 征用extension of term of a patent 延长专利期限Ffee 费用FICPI 国际工业产权律师联合会file copy 存档原件filing date 申请日期filing fee 申请费filing of an application 提出申请final action 终局决定书first-to-file principle 先申请原则first-to-invention principle 先发明原则force majeure 不可抗力foreign patent application 外国专利申请formal examination 形式审查Ggazette 公报Geneva Treaty on the International Recording of Scientific Discoveries 关于科学发现国际注册日内瓦条约grace period 宽限期grant of a patent 授予专利权Hholder of a patent 专利持有人IIFIA 国际发明人协会联合会International Federation of Inventor’s Association 国际发明人协会联合会IBB 国际专利研究所Institute International des Brevets 国际专利研究所imitation 仿造impeachment 控告improvement 改进improvement patent 改进专利independence of patents 专利独立indication of source 产地标记indirect infringement 间接侵犯industrial applicability 工业实用性industrial design 工业品外观设计industrial property 工业产权information in the public domain 公开情报infringement of a patent 侵犯专利权infringement of a trade mark 侵犯商标权INID 著录资料识别码ICIREPAT Numbers for the Identification of Data 著录资料识别码INPADOC 国际专利文献中心INSPEC 国际物理学和工程情报服务部insufficient disclosure 公开不允分intellectual property 知识产权interdependent patents 相互依存的专利interference procedure 抵触程序interlocutory injunction 中间禁止令interlocutory order 中间命令International Convention for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants 保护植物新品种国际公约International Patent Classification Agreement 国际专利分类协定International Preliminary Examining Authority 国际初审单位international protection 国际保护International Searching Authority 国际检索单位invalidation 无效invention 发明inventive step 独创性inventor 发明人inventor’s certificate 发明人证书IPC 国际专利分类International Patent Classification 国际专利分类issue of a patent 办法专利Jjoint applicants 共同申请人joint invention 共同发明joint inventors 共同发明人joint patentees 共同专利权人journal 公报judgment 判决junior party 后申请方Kknow-how 技术诀窍Llapsed patent 已终止的专利lawsuit of a patent 专利诉讼legal person 法人legend 说明LES International 国际许可贸易执行人协会Licensing Executives Society International 国际许可贸易执行人协会letters patent 专利证书license 许可证license agreement 许可证协议license of course 当然许可证licensing 许可证贸易licensor 许可人Lisbon Agreement for the Protection of Appellations of Origin and their International Registration 保护原产地名称及国际注册里斯本协定Locarno Agreement Establishing an International Classification for Industrial Design 建立工业品外观设计国际分类洛迦诺协定loss of a patent 专利权的丧失MMadrid Agreement Concerning the International Registration of Marks 商标国际注册马德里协定Madrid Agreement for the Repression of False or Deceptive Indications of Source on Goods 制止商品产地虚假或欺骗性标记马德里协定main patent 主专利maintenance fee 维持费marking 标记memorandum of understanding 谅解备忘录method 方法microforms 微缩文件minimum documentation 最少限度检索文献minimum royalties 最低提成费misuse of patent 滥用专利权mixed license 混合许可证model laws 示范法most-favoured provision 最惠条款Nname of invention 发明名称national treatment 国民待遇natural person 自然人neighboring rights 邻接权new varieties of plants 植物新品种Nice Agreement Concerning the International Classification of Goods and Services for the Purposes of the Registration of Marks 商标注册用商品与服务国际分类尼斯协定non-examining countries 不审查制国家non-exclusive license 非独占性许可证non-obviousness 非显而易见性non-use of a patent 不实施专利notary public 公正机关notice of infringement 侵权通知novelty 新颖性OOAPI 非洲知识产权组织objection 异议office action 专利局审查决定书opposition 异议originality 独创性owner of a patent 专利所有人Pparent application 原申请Paris Convention 巴黎公约Paris Union 巴黎联盟patent 专利patent act 专利法patent agent 专利代理人patent applied for 已申请专利patent attorney 专利律师patent classification 专利分类patent documentation 专利文献patent documents 专利文件patent families 同族专利patent for an invention 发明专利patent law 专利法patent license 专利许可证patent number 专利号patent of addition 增补专利patent of confirmation 确认专利patent of importation 输入专利patent of introduction 引进专利patent of revalidation 再效专利patent office 专利局patent pending 专利未决patent right 专利权patent rules 专利实施细则patent system 专利制度patentability 专利性patented invention 专利发明patentee 专利权人patenting 授予专利权PCT 专利合作条约PCT Union 专利合作条约pending application 未决申请period of a patent 专利有效期person skilled in the art 所属技术领域的专业人员petition 请求书petty patent 小专利plaintiff 原告人plant patent 植物专利pleadings 起诉状precautional patent 预告专利precedents 判例prescription 时效prior art 先有技术prior use 先用priority 优先权priority claim 优先权声明priority declaration 优先权声明process patent 方法专利processing of an application 申请案的处理product patent 产品专利provisional specification 临时说明书publication 公布Rreclassification 再分类reexamination 复审refusal 驳回register of patents 专利登记册registered patent 登记专利registered trade mark 注册商标registration 登记registration countries 登记制国家reissue patent 再颁发专利rejection 驳回remedy 补救renewal fee 续展费request 请求书restoration of a lapsed patent 恢复已终止的专利restricted conditions 限制条款review 复审revival of an abandoned application 恢复已放弃的申请revocation of a patent 撤销专利royalties 提成费SScience Abstracts 科学文摘scientific discovery 科学发现scope of protection 保护范围seal 盖章search 检索secret patent 机密专利service invention 职务发明service mark 服务标记signature 签署simple license 普通许可证single applicant 单独申请人sliding scale of royalties 滑动提成费sole license 排他性许可证specification 说明书state of the art 先有技术水平statement of claim 诉讼陈述statement of defense 辩护陈述substance patent 物质专利substantive examination 实质性审查succession 继承sufficiency of description 充分描述Ttechnical assistance 技术协助technical data 技术资料technology transfer 技术转移temporary protection 临时保护term of a patent 专利有效期The Hague Agreement Concerning the International Deposit of Industrial Designs 工业品外观设计国际保存海牙协定title of invention 发明名称title to patent 专利所有权trade mark 商标Trademark Registration Treaty 商标注册条约trade name 厂商名称trial 审判Uunfair competition 不正当竞争unity of invention 发明单一性Universal Copyright Convention 世界版权公约unpatentable subject matter 不能取得专利的主题use patent 用途专利utility certificate 实用证书utility model 实用新型VVienna Agreement Establishing an International Classification of the Figurative Elements of Marks 建立商标图形要素国际分类维也纳协定Vienna Agreement for the Protection of Type Faces and their International Deposit 印刷字体保护及其国际保存维也纳协定WWIPO 世界知识产权组织World Intellectual Property Organization 世界知识产权组织withdrawal of an application 撤回申请witness 证人working of a patent 实施专利WPI 世界专利索引World Patent Index 世界专利索引。
英文专利翻译范文
英文专利翻译范文Patent Translation Example:Title: A Method for Detecting Cancer Cells in Body Fluids Abstract:The present invention provides a method for detecting cancer cells in body fluids. The method comprises the steps of collecting a body fluid sample from a subject, isolating a fraction of the sample enriched with cancer cells, and analyzing the fraction for the presence of cancer cells. The method further includes the step of determining the characteristics of the cancer cells, such as their morphology and genetic profile. The method is useful for early detection and diagnosis of cancer, as well as for monitoring the progress of cancer treatment.Background:Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, and early detection plays a crucial role in improving patient outcomes. Currently, the most common method for detecting cancer involves the analysis of tissue samples obtained through invasive procedures. However, these procedures can be painful, time-consuming, and costly. Furthermore, they may not be suitable for monitoring the progress of cancer treatment. There is, therefore, a need for a non-invasive method for detecting cancer cells.Summary of the Invention:The present invention addresses the above-mentioned need by providing a method for detecting cancer cells in body fluids. Body fluids, such as blood, urine, or cerebrospinal fluid, contain cancercells shed by tumors in the body. The method of the present invention allows for the isolation and analysis of these cancer cells, thereby enabling the detection and diagnosis of cancer.Detailed Description:The method of the present invention involves the collection of a body fluid sample from a subject. The sample may be collected using methods known in the art, such as venipuncture or urine collection. The collected sample is then processed to isolate a fraction enriched with cancer cells. This can be achieved by various techniques, including density gradient centrifugation or immunomagnetic cell separation.Once the fraction enriched with cancer cells is obtained, it is subjected to analysis for the presence of cancer cells. The analysis may involve various techniques, such as immunocytochemistry or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). These techniques allow for the identification of cancer cells based on their specific markers or genetic abnormalities.In addition to detecting cancer cells, the method of the present invention also allows for the determination of the characteristics of the cancer cells. This can be achieved by examining the morphology of the cells under a microscope or by analyzing their genetic profile. The genetic profile of cancer cells may provide valuable information about the type and stage of cancer, as well as its response to treatment.The method of the present invention has several advantages over existing methods for detecting cancer. It is non-invasive, allowingfor the repeated sampling of body fluids without causing discomfort to the patient. It is also highly sensitive, capable of detecting even a small number of cancer cells. Furthermore, it can be used for monitoring the progress of cancer treatment, as changes in the number or characteristics of cancer cells can be indicative of treatment response.In conclusion, the present invention provides a method for detecting cancer cells in body fluids. The method allows for the non-invasive detection and diagnosis of cancer, as well as monitoring the progress of cancer treatment. The method is simple, sensitive, and cost-effective, making it a valuable tool in the field of cancer diagnostics.。
专利法律翻译常用词汇和句型5
专利法律翻译常用词汇和句型5patent act 专利法patent agent 专利代理人patent applied for 已申请专利patent attorney 专利律师patent classification 专利分类patent documentation 专利文献patent documents 专利文件patent families 同族专利legaltranz 专利翻译patent for an invention 发明专利patent law 专利法patent license 专利许可证patent number 专利号patent of addition 增补专利patent of confirmation 确认专利patent of importation 输入专利patent of introduction 引进专利patent of revalidation 再效专利patent office 专利局patent pending 专利未决patent right 专利权patent rules 专利实施细则patent system 专利制度patentability 专利性patented invention 专利发明patentee 专利权人patenting 授予专利权PCT 专利合作条约PCT Union 专利合作条约pending application 未决申请period of a patent 专利有效期person skilled in the art 所属技术领域的专业人员petition 要求书petty patent 小专利plaintiff 原告人plant patent 植物专利pleadings 起诉状precautional patent 预告专利precedents 判例prescription 时效prevention of unfair competitionprincipal patent 主专利prior art 先有技术prior use 先用priority 优先权priority claim 优先权声明priority declaration 优先权声明process patent 方法专利processing of an application 申请案的处理product patent 产品专利provisional specification 临时说明书publication 公布reclassification 再分类reexamination 复审refusal 驳回register of patents 专利登记册registered patent 登记专利registered trade mark 注册商标registration 登记registration countries 登记制国家reissue patent 再颁发专利rejection 驳回remedy 补救renewal fee 续展费request 要求书restoration of a lapsed patent 复原已终止的专利restricted conditions 限制条款review 复审revival of an abandoned application 复原已舍弃的申请revocation of a patent 撤销专利royalties 提成费Science Abstracts 科学文摘scientific discovery 科学发觉scope of protection 爱护范畴seal 盖章search 检索secret patent 隐秘专利service invention 职务发明service mark 服务标记signature 签署simple license 一般许可证single applicant 单独申请人sliding scale of royalties 滑动提成费sole license 排他性许可证specification 说明书state of the art 先有技术水平statement of claim 诉讼陈述statement of defense 辩护陈述substance patent 物质专利substantive examination 实质性审查succession 继承sufficiency of description 充分描述technical assistance 技术协助technical data 技术资料technology transfer 技术转移temporary protection 临时爱护term of a patent 专利有效期The Hague Agreement Concerning the International Deposit of Industrial Designs 工业品外观设计国际储存海牙协定title of invention 发明名称title to patent 专利所有权trade mark 商标Trademark Registration Treaty 商标注册条约trade name 厂商名称trial 审判unfair competition 不正当竞争unity of invention 发明单一性Universal Copyright Convention 世界版权公约unpatentable subject matter 不能取得专利的主题use patent 用途专利utility certificate 有用证书utility model 有用新型Vienna Agreement Establishing an International Classification of the Figurative Elements of Marks 建立商标图形要素国际分类维也纳协定Vienna Agreement for the Protection of Type Faces and their International Deposit 印刷字体爱护及其国际储存维也纳协定WIPO 世界知识产权组织withdrawal of an application 撤回申请witness 证人working of a patent 实施专利World Intellectual Property Organization 世界知识产权组这WPI 世界专利索引World Patent Index 世界专利索引reference was made to Aricle 1 引用第一条regarding claim 2 as not being supported by 关于权益要求2不被…支持first please refer to claim 2 which state 先参照权益要求2, 其说明the point of this discussion is that 此次讨论的要点是….regarding something , please refer to …关于…请参考for claim 1, I would suggest adding…建议在权益要求1加入the question is must we add st.in sb 问题是我们必须在…中加入…the reason we prefer to …我们提到的理由to avoide narrowing or wilding claim 1 幸免缩小或扩大权益要求1so that the infringer would only have to 侵权者只须Would you please advise how we can process in this question 请指示我们如何样处理该问题to optimize our protection for the application 使对申请的爱护合理claim1 was refected as being predictable 能够预料权益要求1能够复原on the basic of document1 在文件1的基础上, 基于文件1common sense, known technical solution 公知, 已知的技术方案please note none of these teachings in D1 请注意在对比文件1中没有该提示even remotely suggest that 即使间接的建议enable st shape to vary as a function of position 使某物的形状作为位置函数变化thereby providing a st.因此, 提供一个…this is particular relevant to D1 which teach us st.这一点与对比文件专门相关，它告诉我们…vague generalized discussion in D1 含混的, 泛泛的讨论the difference over D1 is quite clear and while 相关于D1的不同是专门明显的claim 1 is rejected on the basis that 依照…驳回权益要求1additional features don’t work to resolve question 附加的特点也不能解决问题over D1 in view of D2 对比D1并结合D2claimed subject matter 要求爱护的主题claimed features 要求爱护的特点none of the prior art of record anticipates …记录在案的现有技术并没有预见到…clain 1and 2 have noveity under PCT Article 33(2) respectively 依照33条第二款权益要求都具有新颖性may not go beyond the scope of the disclosure contained 不得超出原说明书和权益要求书的范畴in the initial specification and clainmscontent of the application as originally filed 原始申请的内容take the view of (that) 采取…观点fall under (doing business ) 落入（商业方法）subject matter claimed 要求爱护的主题technical contribution to the state of the art 对现有技术的奉献the protection sought should be indicated 要求爱护的内容应当在权益要求中-in the claims by technical features 利用技术特点来表示to delimite (defined) the scope of protection 限定了爱护范畴to enlarge the scope of protection 扩大了爱护范畴to narrow the scope of protection 缩小了爱护范畴to be fulfill the requirment of clarity 满足清晰的要求claim to a product 产品权益要求claim to a method 方法权益要求omnibus claims 多项权益要求reference signs 标号essential features (all features which were necessary for solving the techical problem with which the application was concerned had to be regarded as essential features ) 必要技术特点（解决与申请相关的技术问题必须的所有的技术特点）Maintenance fee 年费electronic funds transfer (EFT), credit card or deposit account 电子信贷转移, 信用卡或储备账户支付方法pertaining to （payment method）关于payments by credit card and payments by deposit account 信用卡或储备账户支付fully complied with 完全遵守if the benefits thereof are desired.得到其中的便利be paid in advance 预先交permits maintenance fees to be adjusted 承诺年费to be adjusted every year on October 1 每年的10月一日调整reflect any fluctuations during the previous 12 months 反映依照由劳动部确定的in the Consumer Price Index as determined 前12个月的by the Secretary of Labor 消费价格指数的波动sets forth the time periods 指定时刻期限referred to generally as the “window period,”一样称为“窗口期”The last day is the same day of the month the patent 窗口期的最后一天是专利授权后的was granted 3 years and 6 months, 7 years and 6 months, 3年零6个月, 7年零6个月or 11 years and 6 months after grant of the patent.和11年零6个月的授权当月的同一日。
专利翻译词汇
重点词汇1.常见词汇装置: apparatus,(device,means,arrangement：设备: equipment组件: component器件: device构件: means,member,element元件: element零件: part单元:方法:组合物：具有：优选：实施例：基于：设有：（devicemeans??processmethodsaid该；所述element单元；组件；元素（化学）2.相关词汇[11]中华人民共和国国家知识产权局[19]StateIntellectualPropertyOffice ofthePeople’sRepublicofChina实用新型专利说明书[12]SpecificationsofUtilityModelPatent专利号[21]PatentNo.授权公告日[45]DateofAuthorizedAnnouncement:授权公告号[11]:AuthorizedAnnouncementNo.:[22]申请日[22]Applicationdate:专利代理机构[74]Patentagency]申请号[21]ApplicationNo.代理人Agent:专利权人[73]Patentee:发明人[72]Designer:权利要求书1页OnepageofClaims,说明书3页ThreepagesofSpecifications（Specification s→Description）附图1页OnepageofDrawings实用新型名称[54]NameofUtilityModel摘要[57]Abstract说明书Specifications3meansprocessmethodsaidelementcomplex1.遇有别如下：(i)apparatus：装置(ii)device：设备(iii)means：构件***但若未出现在同一份说明书中时，则均可译成装置2.etal.：等人3.翻译meansforV＋ing时在means前面加适当之中译修饰词，以免同一份中文说明书中出现多个“装置”时，不知究竟指的是那一个。
机械专利翻译词汇三千个
机械专利翻译词汇三千个-Assembly line 组装线Layout 布置图Conveyer 流水线物料板Rivet table 拉钉机Rivet gun 拉钉枪Screw driver 起子Electric screw driver 电动起子Pneumatic screw driver 气动起子worktable 工作桌OOBA 开箱检查fit together 组装在一起fasten 锁紧(螺丝)fixture 夹具(治具)pallet 栈板barcode 条码barcode scanner 条码扫描器fuse together 熔合fuse machine 热熔机repair 修理operator 作业员QC 品管supervisor 课长ME 制造工程师cosmetic inspect 外观检查inner parts inspect 内部检查thumb screw 大头螺丝lbs. Inch 镑、英寸EMI gasket 导电条front plate 前板rear plate 后板chassis 基座bezel panel 面板power button 电源按键reset button 重置键Hi-pot test of SPS 高源高压测试V oltage switch of SPS 电源电压接拉键sheet metal parts 冲件plastic parts 塑胶件SOP 制造作业程序material check list 物料检查表work cell 工作间trolley 台车carton 纸箱sub-line 支线left fork 叉车personnel resource department 人力资源部production department 生产部门planning department 企划部QC Section 品管科stamping factory 冲压厂painting factory 烤漆厂molding factory 成型厂common equipment 常用设备uncoiler and straightener 整平机punching machine 冲床robot 机械手hydraulic machine 油压机lathe 车床planer 刨床miller 铣床grinder 磨床driller 钻床linear cutting 线切割electrical sparkle 电火花welder 电焊机staker=reviting machine 铆合机position 职务president 董事长general manager 总经理special assistant manager 特别助理factory director 厂长department director 部长deputy manager | =vice manager 副经理section supervisor 课长deputy section supervisor =vice section superisor 副课长group leader/supervisor 组长line supervisor 线长assistant manager 助理to move, to carry, to handle 搬运be put in storage 入库pack packing 包装to apply oil 擦油to file burr 锉毛刺final inspection 终检to connect material 接料to reverse material 翻料wet station 沾湿台Tiana 天那水cleaning cloth 抹布to load material 上料to unload material 卸料to return material/stock to 退料scraped |'skræpid| 报废scrape 刮;削deficient purchase 来料不良manufacture procedure 制造过程deficient manufacturing procedur 制造过程不良oxidation 氧化scratch 刮伤dents 压痕defective upsiding down 抽芽不良defective to staking 铆合不良embedded lump 镶块feeding is not in place 送料不到位stamping-missing 漏冲production capacity 生产力education and training 教育与训练proposal improvement 提案改善spare parts=buffer 备件forklift 叉车trailer=long vehicle 拖板车compound die 合模die locker 锁模器pressure plate=plate pinch 压板bolt 螺栓name of a department 部门名称administration/general affairs dept 总务部automatic screwdriver 电动启子thickness gauge 厚薄规gauge(or jig) 治具power wire 电源线buzzle 蜂鸣器defective product label 不良标签identifying sheet list 标示单screwdriver holder 起子插座pedal 踩踏板stopper 阻挡器flow board 流水板hydraulic handjack 油压板车forklift 叉车pallet 栈板glove(s) 手套glove(s) with exposed fingers 割手套thumb 大拇指forefinger 食指midfinger 中指ring finger 无名指little finger 小指band-aid 创可贴iudustrial alcohol 工业酒精alcohol container 沾湿台head of screwdriver 起子头sweeper 扫把mop 拖把rag 抹布garbage container 灰箕garbage can 垃圾箱garbage bag 垃圾袋chain 链条jack 升降机production line 流水线chain 链条槽magnetizer 加磁器lamp holder 灯架to mop the floor 拖地to clean the floor 扫地to clean a table 擦桌子air pipe 气管packaging tool 打包机packaging 打包missing part 漏件wrong part 错件excessive defects 过多的缺陷critical defect 极严重缺陷major defect 主要缺陷minor defect 次要缺陷not up to standard 不合规格dimension/size is a little bigger 尺寸偏大(小) cosmetic defect 外观不良slipped screwhead/slippery screw head 螺丝滑头slipped screwhead/shippery screw thread 滑手speckle 斑点mildewed=moldy=mouldy 发霉rust 生锈burr(金属)毛边flash(塑件)毛边poor staking 铆合不良excesssive gap 间隙过大grease/oil stains 油污inclusion 杂质painting peel off 脏污shrinking/shrinkage 缩水mixed color 杂色scratch 划伤poor processing 制造过程不良poor incoming part 事件不良fold of pakaging belt 打包带折皱painting make-up 补漆discoloration 羿色water spots 水渍polishing/surface processing 表面处理exposed metal/bare metal 金属裸露lack of painting 烤漆不到位safety 安全quality 品质delivery deadline 交货期cost 成本engineering 工程die repair 模修enterprise plan = enterprise expansion projects 企划QC 品管die worker 模工production, to produce 生产equipment 设备to start a press 开机stop/switch off a press 关机classification 整理regulation 整顿cleanness 清扫conservation 清洁culture 教养qualified products, up-to-grade products 良品defective products, not up-to-grade products 不良品waste 废料board 看板feeder 送料机sliding rack 滑料架defective product box 不良品箱to fix a die 装模to take apart a die 拆模to repair a die 修模packing material 包材basket 蝴蝶竺plastic basket 胶筐isolating plate baffle plate; barricade 隔板carton box 纸箱to pull and stretch 拉深to put material in place, to cut material, to input 落料to impose lines 压线to compress, compressing 压缩character die 字模to feed, feeding 送料transportation 运输(be)qualfied, up to grade 合格not up to grade, not qualified 不合格material change, stock change 材料变更feature change 特性变更evaluation 评估prepare for, make preparations for 准备parameters 参数rotating speed, revolution 转速manufacture management 制造管理abnormal handling 异常处理production unit 生产单位lots of production 生产批量steel plate 钢板roll material 卷料manufacture procedure 制造过程operation procedure 作业流程to revise, modify 修订to switch over to, switch---to throw--over switching over 切换engineering, project difficulty 工程瓶颈stage die 工程模automation 自动化to stake, staking, reviting 铆合add lubricating oil 加润滑油shut die 架模shut height of a die 架模高度analog-mode device 类模器die lifter 举模器argon welding 氩焊Man-day total/work-day total 工日合计cost of labor 人工费materials expenses 材料费mechanical 机械的connection test 检查接线generator 发电机phase regulator 调相机cycle 周波load-shedding equipment 减负荷装置circuit breaker cabinet 断路器柜single busbar 单母线transformer 互感器Current by Phase 每相电流close type socket joint 封闭式插接generator control panel 发电机控制面板sorted unloading 分级卸载synchronization control 同步控制speed governor 调速器signal screen 信号屏relay 继电器high pressure cabinet 高压柜oil-immersed power transformer 油浸电力变压器air circuit breaker 空气断路器control panel 控制屏direct current feed control panel 直流馈电屏electric condenser 电容器metering panel 计量盘whole set of distribution box 成套配电箱floor model 落地式Control switches 控制开关Copper core power cable 铜芯电力电缆actuating cable 控制电缆pyrocondensation power cable terminal 热缩式电力电缆终端头steel structure bracket tubing 钢结构支架配管versatile U-steel 万用槽钢cable bracket 电缆托架steel Tray-type cable support system 钢制托盘式桥架防水插座waterproof socketExplosion-proof socket 防爆插座earthing twisted pair 接地绞线earthing bus 接地母线lightning conductor 接地极rigid polyvinyl chloride pipe 硬质聚氯乙烯管air terminal 航空集散站Mercury Lamp 水银灯具metal halide lamp 金属卤化物灯High Pressure Sodium Lamp 高压钠灯Rated V oltage 额定电压Rated Power 额定功率Light Source 光源Grade of Protection 防护等级High Pressure Mercury Lamp 高压汞灯High Pressure Sodium Lamp 高压钠灯Metallic Halide Lamp 金属卤化物灯lighting cable 照明电缆mongline 单线threading 穿线earthing jumper 接地跨接线junction box 分线箱connection box 接线盒round steel 圆钢flat steel 扁钢socket 插座switchboard 配电盘alternation switch 转换开关automatic instruction calling device 自动指令呼叫装置loudspeaker 扬声器Unfold Install 明装Conceal Install 暗装Thermal Detector 感温探测器turntable molding machine 转台造型机air jarring moulding machine 气动震实造型机box molding machine 有箱造型机die casting machine 压铸机hot-chamber die casting machine 热室压铸机inertia knock-out grid 惯性落砂机ladle 浇包cating machine 浇注机cupola (cupola furnace) 冲天炉water cooled cupola 水冷冲天炉coke-fired furnace 焦碳炉annealing oven 退火炉drawing furnace 回火炉high pressure blasting machine 喷丸机sand throwing machine 抛砂机speedmuller 摆轮式混砂机automatic box splitter 自动分箱机automatic closer 自动合箱机autoclino 自动壳型机air tool 风动工具forging 锻造open forging 无型锻造hydraulic forging 水压机锻造machine forging 机器锻造flat-die forging 自由锻造multiple impression forging 多型槽锻造cold forging 冷锻hammer forging 锤锻（自由锻）horzontal forging 平锻upset forging 镦锻roll forging 辊锻die forging 模锻pressure forging 热模锻open-die forging 开式模锻prescision drop forging 精密模锻no-draft forging 挤压模锻cold draw 冷拉hot draw 热拉cold extruding 冷挤压trim 切边cold trim 冷切边hot trim 热切边punching 冲孔straightening 校正sheet stamping 板料冲压blank 制坯forging blank 锻造毛坯upper die 上模bottom die(counter die) 下模top swage 上锤头lower die 下锤头steam hammer 汽锤forging hammer without anvilbed 无砧坐模锻锤jump hammer 摩擦锤block hammer 落锤horizontal parting 水平分模（平锻机）cold forging die 冷锻模forging die 型锻模forming die 精整模joggling die 顶锻模forging die 锻压机water press 水压机horizontal forging machine 平锻机steam power forging press 汽力锻压机bending press 压弯机drop press 模锻压力机crank press 曲轴压力机knuckle-joint press 曲柄压力机trimming press 切边压力机cutting-out press 切断压力机coining press 精压机forging roll 辊锻机upsetting forging press 镦锻机sand blast cleaning 喷丸清理residual stress relieving 消除内应力hydraulic blasting 水力清理pickling 酸洗ultrasonic cleaning 超声波清洗ultrasonic inspection 超声波探伤stamping 冲压bar stock cutting by punching 冲压下料press line 冲压线punch 凸模punch-die 凸凹模piercing die 冲孔模trimming die 修边模die for first-forming 预弯模twisting die 扭弯模twisting die 扭弯模twisting-forming die 扭弯成形模bending die 压弯模bending-flanging die 压弯翻边模flattening die 压扁模circular bending die 压圆模bending-curling die 压弯卷圆模bending-beading die 压弯压筋模blanking die 落料模blanking-coining die 落料压印模blanking-slotting die 落料切槽模neckling die 缩口模hole flanging-sizing die 翻孔整形模flanging forming die 翻边成形模slotting die 切槽模drawing die 拉延模stock cutting 下料forming 成形flanging 翻边reverse-draw 反向拉伸restricking 整形trued 整径cut-off (shear-out) 切口trimming 切边flattening 压扁strain 应变impression 压痕drawing 拉延deep drawng 拉伸extrusion 挤压roll-forming 滚挤curling 卷边edging 折边scraping 刮边three-stage cleaning machine 三室清洗机triple-action press 三动压机edging machine 折边机decoiling unit 开卷机universal hydraulic machine 万能液压机mechanical press 机械压力机pneumatic press 气动压力机punch machine 冲孔机bender 弯曲机pipe bending machine 弯管机rolling press 辊压机roll-type sheet bending machine 滚式弯板机sheet flattening machine 板料校平机stripper 退料板high speed cropping machine 高速棒料剪切机shearing machine 剪床turret-type punch press 转塔式冲床straightener 校直机extrusion press 挤压机hydraulic extrusion press 滚压挤压机folding machine 卷边机coining press 精压机loader 上料器blanker 落料机thread rolling machine 搓丝机roller shearing machine 滚剪机cross-shaped joint 十字接头T joint T 形接头single-J groove 单J 形坡口single-U groove 单U 形坡口double-V groove 双V 形坡口double-vevel groove K 形坡口double-V butt joint 双V 形对接接头Y-slit crack test Y 形坡口裂缝试验tungsten inert gas (TIG) arc welding TIG 保护焊TIG spot welding TIG 点焊vertical position of welding 立焊brazing by flame 火焰钎焊gas shield arc welding 气体保护电弧焊gas welding 气焊electrogas arc welding 气电焊underwater welding 水下焊接water vapor arc welding 水蒸气保护电弧焊horizontal fillet welding 水平角焊manual welding 手工焊covered arc welding 手工电弧焊face-up bonding 仰焊front fillet weld 正面角焊缝gas pressure welding 加压气焊pressure thermit welding 加压铸焊rewelding 返修焊vertical up welding 向上立焊vertical down welding 向下立焊flat position welding 平焊（俯焊）point welding 点焊weld from both sides 双面焊direct welding 双面点焊twin arc welding 双弧焊pressure welding 压焊multipass welding 多道焊multiple projection welding 多点凸焊multilayer welding 多层焊tack welding 定位焊cold pressure welding 冷压焊boxing 环焊automatic welding 自动焊接stitch welding 自动点焊automatic gas cutting 自动气割non gas shielded arc welding 无气体保护电弧焊butt welding 对接焊repair welding 补焊deep penetration welding 深溶焊butt seam welding 滚对焊seam welding 滚焊roll spot welding 滚点焊horzontal position welding 横焊cross weld 横向焊缝metal inert gas arc welding 金属极惰性气体保护点焊metal arc welding 金属极电弧焊接eletric welding 电焊electron beam welding 电子束焊接electric brazing 电子加热钎焊electric resistance welding 电阻焊electric arc welding 电弧焊bead welding 堆焊groove welding 坡口焊sealing run 封底焊道lap welding 搭接焊laser welding 激光焊接hot weld 热焊welding by one side 单面焊indirect welding 单面点焊single-pass welding 单道焊single-layer welding 单层焊series spot welding 单边多点点焊series welding 单边多电极焊overhead position welding 仰焊fusion welding 熔焊argon arc welding 氩弧焊skip welding 跳焊inert-gas welding 惰性气体保护焊unionmelt welding 埋弧自动焊carbon arc welding 碳弧焊fire-cracker welding 躺焊seam welding 缝焊blacksmith welding 锻焊gas shielded magnetic flux arc welding 磁性气体保护焊welding procedure 焊接工艺as-welded 焊态bead 焊道dense deposits 焊肉致密as-deposited strength 焊后强度bead cracking 焊道裂纹seam 焊缝root of weld 焊根ripple 焊波complete penetration 焊透incomplete penetration 未焊透nugget 焊核droplet 熔滴deposition techniques 熔敷工艺undercut 咬边deslag 去渣weld defects 焊接缺陷acetylene cylinder 乙炔罐acetylene generator 乙炔发生器water to carbide generator 注水式乙炔发生器carbide to water generator 投入式乙发生器acetylene-welding installation 乙炔氧焊装置spot welding head 点焊钳three phase rectifier welder 三相整流焊机three phase low frequency 三相低频焊机universal seam welder 万能滚焊机hand torch 手动焊炬hand held gun 手动焊枪press welder 压焊机AC arc welding machine 交流弧焊机multiple spot welder 多点焊机multi-operator welding set 多站电焊机cutting machine 切割机gas cylinder 气瓶protective boot 保护罩electron gun 电子枪butt resistance welding 电阻对焊electric welding 电焊机arc welding machine 电弧焊机electroslag welding 电渣焊机template-type axy-cutting machine 仿型氧气切割机welder with taps 抽头式焊机overhead welder 仰焊机single operator welding machine 单站弧焊机portable welding machine 移动式焊机portable resistance welder 移动式接触焊机portable spot welder 移动式点焊机battery welder 蓄电池式焊机seam welder 缝焊机large spool 大焊丝盘welding galss 焊工用玻璃welding goggles 焊工用护目镜helmet shield 焊工用面罩holder 焊把acetylene 乙炔calcium carbide 电石electrode 电极（焊条）dipped electrode 手涂焊条hastelloy electrode 合金焊条twin electrode 双芯焊条double coated electrode 双层药皮焊条extruded electrode 机械压涂焊条flyspun electrode 包丝焊条deep penetration electrode 深熔焊条iron powder electrode 铁粉焊条surfacing electrode 堆焊焊条carbon electrode 碳极machining 机加工turn 车削high speed cutting 高速切削power cutting 强力切削multi-tool cutting 多刀切削deep hole working 深孔加工high speed boringh 高速精镗high speed hobbing 高速滚削surface milling 平面铣削boring 镗削broaching 拉削form broaching 成型拉削continuous broaching 连续拉削progressive broaching 分层拉削push broaching 推削shaping (planing) 刨削grinding 磨削cylindrical grinding 外圆磨削internal grinding 内圆磨削cross grinding 端面磨削peripheral grinding 周面磨削slotting 插削relieve 铲削drill 钻削electrical grinding 导电磨削centerless grinding 无心磨削high-speed grinding 高速磨削power grinding 强力磨削honing 珩磨lapping 研磨superfinishing 超精加工gear face machining 齿面加工broaching gear 拉齿gear milling 铣齿gear shaping 插齿gear hobbing 滚齿gear planing 刨齿gear shaving 剃齿gear lapping 研齿gear honing 珩齿gear grinding 磨齿gear extruding 挤齿general shaving 普通剃齿法diagonal shaving 对角剃齿法tangential shaving 切向剃齿法crown shaving 剃鼓形齿abrasive belt gringding 砂带磨削rolling finishing 滚压光加工single-side cutting method 单面切削法spread -blade cutting method 双面切削法gear-cutting with generating method 展成法切齿gear-cutting with form copying method 仿形法切齿shear-speed gear cutting 成型插齿splining 花键加工thread milling 螺纹铣thread grinding 螺纹磨boring hole 镗孔ream 铰孔counter sinking 锪孔thread rolling 滚丝thread chaing 套丝thread tapping 攻丝whirl wind cutting thread 旋风切削螺纹non-chip finish 少无切削加工extrusion finishing 挤压光加工precision work 精密加工superfinishing 超精加工rough machining 粗加工chemical mechanical working 化学机械加工electro-thermic working 电热加工anode mechanical working 阳极机械加工electro-spark machining 电脉冲加工electro-spark machining 电火花加工electronic beam machining 电子束加工electrolytic machining 电解加工ultrasonic machining 超声波加工laser machining 激光加工laser hardening 激光硬化paint 油漆enamel 面漆drain area 沥漆区paint mixing 调漆dip-coatng 浸涂priming 涂底漆paint repair 补漆topcoating 喷面漆hot spray 热喷漆puttying 打腻子weathering 老化artificial drying 人工干燥air dry 自然干燥dry grinding 干打磨degreasing 去油（脱脂）alkaline degreasing 碱法脱脂vapor degreasing 蒸气脱脂demin-water 去离子水derusting 除锈pickling 酸洗rinse 水洗hot water rinse 热水清洗electophoretic coating 电泳涂层shot blasting 喷丸处理burnishing 磨光（抛光0glaring 出光glazing 罩光phosphating pretreatment 磷化预处理thin amorphous phosphating 薄膜磷化处理wet-to-wet 湿碰湿passivating 钝化skinning 结皮现象wrinkling 起皱masking 遮蔽flash off 凉干air seal 气幕booth 喷漆室dry spray booth 干式喷漆室water wash spray booth 水过滤式喷漆室down draft spray booth 下吸式喷漆室spray booth of side exhaust 侧抽风喷漆室paint mixing room 油漆调制室scuff sand booth 打磨间passing through type baking oven 通过式烘干室bridge type baking oven 桥式烘干室joint radiation convection oven 辐射对流烘干室dip equipment 浸漆设备dip tank 浸漆槽recirculating tank 循环槽automatic sprayer 自动喷漆机flow coating equipment 热喷漆机flow coating equipment 淋漆设备hand dip equipment 手工浸漆设备airless spray equipment 无空气喷涂设备electro apparatus 电泳涂漆设备electrocoating installation 电涂漆设备electrostatic spray equipment 静电喷漆设备spray gun 喷枪double head spray gun 双头喷枪air spray gun 空气喷枪sling 吊具double-chain conveyer 推杆悬链overhead conveyer 悬挂运输链oil-water separator 油水分离器paint mixing tank 油漆调制罐dust collector 除尘装置electrostatic dust collector 静电除尘装置cathode shiedl 阴极罩ultrafiltration device 超滤装置sand blasting machine 喷砂机IR curing 红外线固化UV curing 紫外线固化electron beam curing 电子束固化radiation cured coating (RCC) 辐射固化漆膜glossmeter 光泽计gravimeter 比重计viscosimetr 粘度计fineness gauge 细度计thickness gauge 厚度计cryptometer 遮盖力测定仪electroplating 电镀striking 预镀（冲镀）resist 防镀（止镀）non-cyanide plating 无氰电镀electroless plating 化学电镀vapor plating 气相电镀rack 挂镀dummying 用假阴极电镀mechanical plating 机械电镀immersion plating 浸镀stripping 退镀barrel plating 滚镀electrowinning 电解沉积turbidity 混浊度fretting 侵蚀maceration 侵渍作用hydrophilic 亲水的hydrophobic 疏水的flocculant 絮凝剂bright coating 光亮镀层coating for protection against corrosion 防腐镀层flush 冲洗lapping 打光burnishing 抛光tumbling 滚光tarnishing 变色electrolysis 电解decantation 沉淀法anti-tarnish treatment 抗暗处理levelling power 均镀力covering power 深镀能力pickling 酸洗phosphating 磷化galvanizing 镀锌whiten 漂白spotting out 出斑点plating machine 电镀机automatic plating machine 自动电镀装置straight-line plating machine 直线式电镀机plating machine held on racks 挂式电镀机oblique-barrel plating machine 钟形滚镀机portable plating barrel 微型滚镀机cold rinse bank 冷水槽double countercurrent rinse tank 双联冷水槽electrolytic cleaner 电解去油槽lead lined steel tank 衬铅槽haring cell 哈林电槽hot rise tank 热水槽ultrasonic cleaning tank 超声波去油槽acid dip tank 浸酸槽warm rinse tank 温水槽hull cell 赫尔槽zinc-plating tank 镀锌槽plating tank 固定槽reclaim tank 回收槽horizontally fully-immersed barrel 水平全浸式滚筒hexagonal plating barrel 六角滚筒orifie meter 孔板流量计nephelometer 浊度计coulometer 库仑计stalagmometer 滴重计manufactruing equipment of automobile 汽车制造设备universal milling machine 万能铣床inner-outer happing machine 内外圆研磨床copy lathe 仿形车床double housing planer 龙门刨床shaper 牛头刨床threading machine 攻丝机double pillar jig borer 双柱坐标镗床thread roller 滚丝机hobbing machine 滚齿机drilling machine 钻床slotting machine 插床gear honing machine 珩齿机balancing centering machine 平衡-钻中心孔机床crankshaft turning lathe 曲轴车床double-post carnkshafttruning blathe 双工位曲轴车床crankshaft (main journal turning lathe) 曲轴（主轴颈）车床camshaft(journal )turning lathe 凸轮轴（轴颈）车床dydraulic coping lathe 液压仿形车床camsahft coping lathe 凸轮轴仿形车床multi-spindle deep hole drilling machine 多轴深孔钻床crankshaft journal milling machine 曲轴轴颈铣削专用机床N/C crankshaft milling machine 数控曲轴铣床thread milling mahcine 螺纹铣床cone-worm milling machine 球面蜗杆铣床spline shaft milling mahcine 花键轴铣床drum milling machine 转鼓铣床whirl-wind type crankshaft milling machine 旋风式曲轴铣床cranksahft journal grinding machine 曲轴主轴颈磨床camshaft grinding machine 凸轮轴磨床thread grinding machine 螺纹磨床piston pin superfinishing machine 活塞销超精加工机grinding machine for spiral spring 弹簧端面磨床piston oval -grinding mahcine 活塞椭圆磨床multiple abrasive wheels surface grinding machine 多砂轮平面磨床wide abrasive wheel cylindrical grinding machine 宽砂轮外圆磨床worm grinding machine 蜗杆磨床copy grinding mahcine 靠模磨床spline shaft grinding machine 花键磨床gear grinding machine 齿轮磨床internal and cylindrical centerless grinder for pistone ring 活塞环内外圆无心磨床horizontal spindle double ended grinding machine for piston ring 活塞环卧轴双端面磨床vertical -spindle double ended grinding mahcine for piston ring 活塞环立轴双端面磨床piston ring chamfering grinding machine 活塞环倒角磨床diamond fine boring machine 金刚镗床jig-boring machine 坐标镗床spline shaft cold-striking machine 花键轴冷打机床cylinder block side broaching machine 气缸体侧拉床cylinder block broaching machine 气缸体专用拉床vertical double-apron external broaching machine 立式双溜板外拉床horizontal continuous broaching machine 卧式连续式拉床multiple station combined machine for piston machining 活塞加工多工位组合机床drum type double face drilling and boring combined machine 转鼓式双面钻镗组合机床automatic production line for cylinder head 气缸盖加工自动线automatic production line for cylinder block 气缸体加工自动线automatic production line for cranshaft dynamic balance 曲轴动平衡自动线automatic production line for connecting rod 连杆加工自动线automatic production line for automobile final drive housing 汽车主减速器壳加工自动线crankshaft superfinishing machine 曲轴超精磨机床camshaft polishing machine 凸轮轴超精磨机床crankshaft polishing machine 曲轴轴颈抛光机床camshaft polishing machine 凸轮轴抛光机床straight bevel gear generator 直齿锥齿轮刨齿机curve-tooth bevel gear milling machine 弧齿锥齿轮铣齿机curve-tooth bevel gear milling 弧齿锥齿轮铣刀盘刃cutter grinding machine 工具磨床gear shaving machine 剃齿机gear burnishing machine 挤齿机gear honing machine 珩齿机straight bevel gear broaching machine 直齿锥齿轮拉齿机piston ring superfinishing machine 活塞环外圆超精加工机honing machine 珩磨机valve seat lapping machine 气门座研磨机two-lap lapping machine 双盘研磨机automatic tool changing N/C machine 自动换刀数控机床automatic headstock changing N/C machine 自动更换主轴箱数控机床industrial robot 工业用机器人abrasive belt grinding machine 砂带磨床semi-automatic machine tool for correcting weight of piston 校正活塞重量半自动机床automatic inspection machine for piston ring tension 活塞环弹性自动检验机hydraulic copy wheel dresser 液压仿形砂轮修整器hydraulic servo tool setting device 液压伺服对刀装置hydraulic traching center test 液压跟踪中心架automatic compensating device for boring cutter wear 镗刀磨损自动补偿装置chuck for grinding hole and end face of bevel gear 磨圆锥齿轮孔和端面用的卡盘electical -contacted type detecting fixture 电接触式检验夹具automatic line for weighting connecting rod 连杆称重去重自动线special fixure for comprehensive detection of connecting rod 连杆综合检验专用夹具special fixture for comrehensive detection of crankshaft 曲轴综合检验专用夹具die casting machine 压铸机high pressure moulding machine 高压造型机oscillating rolling machine 摆动碾压机gearrolling mill 齿轮滚轧机automatic moulding productio line ofr cylinder block 缸体自动造型生产线horizontal forging machine 卧式锻造机electric upsetting machine 电镦机radial forging machine 径向锻造机roll forging machine 辊锻机automatic multi-stage cold fromer 多工位自动冷镦机die quenching of automotive driven bevel gear 汽车从动锥齿轮淬火压模crankshaft journal face hardening machine 曲轴轴颈表面淬火机床automatic production line for gas carburization 气体渗碳自动线crankshaft dynamic balancing machine 曲轴动平衡机gear hardening press 齿轮淬火压床materials used in auto manufacturing 汽车用材料metal 金属ferrous metal 黑金属non=ferrous metal 有色金属heavy metal 重金属precious metal 贵金属cast iron 铸铁grey cast iron 灰铸铁white cast iron 白口铸铁malleable cast iron 可锻铸铁nodular cast iron 球墨铸铁alloy cast iron 合金铸铁wear resisting cast rion 耐磨铸铁corrosion resisting cast iron 耐蚀铸铁chilled cast rion 冷激铸铁carbon structureal steel 普通碳素结构钢improved carbon structural steel 优质碳素结构钢carbon tool steel 碳素工具钢alloy tool steel 合金工具钢high speed steel 高速工具钢alloy structureal steel 合金结构钢carburizing carbon steel 渗碳碳素钢carburizing alloy steel 渗碳合金钢nitriding steel 氮化钢hardened and tempered steel 调质钢hot rolling spring steel 热轧弹簧钢cold drawing spring steel 冷拉弹簧钢bearing steel 轴承钢stainless steel 不锈钢heat resisting steel 耐热钢free cutting steel 易削钢killed steel 镇静钢（脱氧钢）half-killed steel 半镇静钢rimmed steel 沸腾钢（不脱氧钢）boron steel 硼钢magnetic steel 磁钢cast steel 铸钢mild steel 软钢multi-steel 多层钢siemens-martin steel 平炉钢Luft Dushe steel 顶吹氧转炉钢cold drawing low carbon seamless steel tube 冷拔低碳无缝钢管galvanized steel sheet 镀锌钢板lead-covered steel sheet 镀铅钢板aluminied steel sheet 渗铝钢板stainless steel sheet 不锈（耐热）钢板cold rolling killed steel sheet 镇静钢冷轧钢板cold rolling rimmed steel sheet 沸腾钢冷钆钢板low alloy steel sheet with high strength 高强度底合金钢板cold rolled thin steel sheet 冷轧薄钢板hot rolled thin steel sheet 热轧薄钢板shock-resistant complex steel sheet 减震复合钢板multi-steel sheet with plastic plate 塑料夹层消声钢板complex steel sheet with chromate zinc 铬酸锌复合钢板deep drawing sheet 深冲压用薄钢板copper 紫铜bronze 青铜commercial bronze 工业用铜wrought bronze 熟青铜cast bronze 锻造青铜lead bronze 铅青铜aluminium bronze 铝青铜nickel bronze 镍青铜silicon bronze 硅青铜zirconium bronze 锆青铜titanium bronze 钛青铜chrome bronze 铬青铜phosphor bronze 磷青铜manganese bronze 锰青铜silico-manganese bronze 硅锰青铜beryllium bronze 铍青铜cadmium bronze 镉青铜brass 黄铜wrought brass 熟黄铜red brass 红铜silicon brass 硅黄铜manganese brass 锰黄铜nickel brass 镍黄铜manganin 锰铜tombac 顿巴黄铜constantan 康铜lead alloy 铅合金zinc alloy 锌合金zinc alloy ingots 锌合金锭bearing alloy 轴承合金self-lubricant bearing alloy 含油轴承合金bimetal strip from tin-aluminium alloy 高锡铝合金双金属带sintered metal 烧结合金wrought aluminium alloy 形变铝合金aluminium casting alloy 铸造铝合金alkali-earth babbitt 碱土巴氏合金lead base babbitt 铅基巴氏合金avional 铝合金white metal 白合金wood's metal 伍德合金lipowit's metal 李彼威特合金inconel 因科镍合金y alloy Y 合金silumin 铝硅合金eutectic alloy 共晶合金antifriction alloy 减摩合金chromel 铬镍合金alumel 铝镍合金monel 蒙乃尔合金electron (dow metal) 电子合金light metal alloy 轻金属合金intermediate alloy 中间合金anticorrosive bimetal 耐蚀双金属cst bimetal 铸造双金属high strength duralumin 高强度锻造铝合金superduralumin 超硬铝hardened glass 钢化玻璃plexiglass 有机玻璃rubber 橡胶natural rubber 天然橡胶synthetic rubber(elastomer) 合成橡胶regeneratd rubber 再生橡胶styrene-butadiene rubber(SBR) 苯乙烯聚丁橡胶ethylene-propylene rubber (EPR) 乙烯丙烯橡胶vulcanized rubber 硫化橡胶chloroprene rubber 氯丁橡胶porous rubber 多孔橡胶soft rubber 软橡胶sodium butadiene rubber 钠-丁二烯橡胶nitrile rubber 丁腈橡胶nitrile butadiene rubber(NBR) 腈基丁二烯橡胶spongy rubber 海棉橡皮paint 油漆（涂料）automotive enamel 汽车漆automotive topcoat 汽车面漆automotive alcquer 汽车用喷漆seal coat 封底漆crepon finish 皱纹漆primer spray 喷底漆electrophoretic primer 电泳底漆epoxy resin electrophoretic primer 环氧电泳底漆primer 头道底漆finish primer 末道底漆nitrocellulose primer 硝基底漆etch primer 磷化底漆nitrocellulose enamel 硝基面漆high gloss finish 高光泽面漆。