用界面程序模拟文件数据曲线

目录一、MATLAB简介及GUI (1)二、设计目的 (2)三、设计任务及要求 (2)四、实验设计 (3)4.1、详细设计 (3)4.1.1、步骤一 (3)4.1.3、步骤二 (5)4.2、全部代码 (6)五、艰辛课设展 (13)六、心得体会 (13)一、MATLAB简介及GUIMATLAB的名称源自Matrix Laboratory，它是一种科学计算软件，专门以矩阵的形式处理数据。

MATLAB将高性能的数值计算和可视化集成在一起，并提供了大量的内置函数，从而被广泛地应用于科学计算、控制系统、信息处理等领域的分析、仿真和设计工作，而且利用MATLAB产品的开放式结构，可以非常容易地对MATLAB 的功能进行扩充，从而在不断深化对问题认识的同时，不断完善MATLAB产品以提高产品自身的竞争能力。

目前MATLAB产品族可以用来进行：数值分析、数值和符号计算、工程与科学绘图、控制系统的设计与仿真、数字图像处理、数字信号处理、通讯系统设计与仿真、财务与金融工程GUI：图形用户界面（Graphical User Interface，简称GUI，又称图形用户接口）是指采用图形方式显示的计算机操作用户界面。

与早期计算机使用的命令行界面相比，图形界面对于用户来说在视觉上更易于接受。

GUI的广泛应用是当今计算机发展的重大成就之一，他极大地方便了非专业用户的使用。

人们从此不再需要死记硬背大量的命令，取而代之的是可以通过窗口、菜单、按键等方式来方便地进行操作。

而嵌入式GUI具有下面几个方面的基本要求：轻型、占用资源少、高性能、高可靠性、便于移植、可配置等特点。

二、设计目的（1）熟练掌握MATLAB语言的基本知识和技能；（2）熟悉MATLAB下的GUI程序设计；（3）熟悉MATLAB界面程序模拟文件数据曲线的步骤；（4）锻炼阅读能力，搜集资料能力，培养分析、解决问题的能力，最后是提高写作能力。

三、设计任务及要求（1）利用matlab中的GUI设计窗口设计一个界面程序。

其中主界面包含控制背景颜色与图形坐标的菜单；（2）含有一个按钮控件，它的作用能够对一个文件的数据进行多项式曲线拟合；（3）文件名通过一个编辑控件由用户给定，给定文件内包含要拟合曲线的数据；（4）拟合好的多项式曲线能够在另一个坐标控件中显示；（5）拟合好的曲线与实际数据曲线用不同的颜色并加各种必要标注在坐标中显示；（6）GUI界面使程序更加友好、美观和合理。

四、实验设计4.1、详细设计4.1.1、步骤一新建一个GUI文件，从左边拖需要的窗口控件，排好版之后对每个控件进行设置（包括字体大小、颜色，控件大小、颜色），使之变得美观合理，响应了设计要求的第六条，效果如下：4.1.2、对设计出来的GUI窗口进行实现选择背景颜色的功能，响应了设计要求的第一条。

步骤如下：（最终实现图）（黄色背景） （红色背景）（设置菜单项） （添加菜单项）（设置GUI背景颜色代码）4.1.3、步骤二这一步也是最重要的一步，在程序中书写“拟合”函数，通过一个‘按钮控件’对计算机中的一个文件的数据进行多项式曲线拟合。

在‘编辑控件’中输入文件名，则将会在左边的坐标控件中显示拟合的曲线，响应了设计要求的第2、3、4、5条。

解说如下：（最终效果图）（相关代码）4.2、全部代码function varargout = zhaohan(varargin)% ZHAOHAN M-file for zhaohan.fig% ZHAOHAN, by itself, creates a new ZHAOHAN or raises the existing% singleton*.%% H = ZHAOHAN returns the handle to a new ZHAOHAN or the handle to% the existing singleton*.%% ZHAOHAN('CALLBACK',hObject,eventData,handles,...) calls the local% function named CALLBACK in ZHAOHAN.M with the given input arguments. %% ZHAOHAN('Property','Value',...) creates a new ZHAOHAN or raises the% existing singleton*. Starting from the left, property value pairs are% applied to the GUI before zhaohan_OpeningFunction gets called. An% unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application% stop. All inputs are passed to zhaohan_OpeningFcn via varargin.%% *See GUI Options on GUIDE's Tools menu. Choose "GUI allows only one % instance to run (singleton)".%% See also: GUIDE, GUIDA TA, GUIHANDLES% Copyright 2002-2003 The MathWorks, Inc.% Edit the above text to modify the response to help zhaohan% Last Modified by GUIDE v2.5 19-Jun-2012 14:31:31% Begin initialization code - DO NOT EDITgui_Singleton = 1;gui_State = struct('gui_Name', mfilename, ...'gui_Singleton', gui_Singleton, ...'gui_OpeningFcn', @zhaohan_OpeningFcn, ...'gui_OutputFcn', @zhaohan_OutputFcn, ...'gui_LayoutFcn', [] , ...'gui_Callback', []);if nargin && ischar(varargin{1})gui_State.gui_Callback = str2func(varargin{1});endif nargout[varargout{1:nargout}] = gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});elsegui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});end% End initialization code - DO NOT EDIT% --- Executes just before zhaohan is made visible.function zhaohan_OpeningFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin) % This function has no output args, see OutputFcn.% hObject handle to figure% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB % handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) % varargin command line arguments to zhaohan (see V ARARGIN)% Choose default command line output for zhaohanhandles.output = hObject;% Update handles structureguidata(hObject, handles);% UIWAIT makes zhaohan wait for user response (see UIRESUME) % uiwait(handles.figure1);% --- Outputs from this function are returned to the command line. function varargout = zhaohan_OutputFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles) % varargout cell array for returning output args (see V ARARGOUT); % hObject handle to figure% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDA TA)% Get default command line output from handles structurevarargout{1} = handles.output;function edit1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to edit1 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDA TA)% Hints: get(hObject,'String') returns contents of edit1 as text% str2double(get(hObject,'String')) returns contents of edit1 as a double% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.function edit1_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to edit1 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called% Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows.% See ISPC and COMPUTER.if ispcset(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');elseset(hObject,'BackgroundColor',get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor')); endfunction edit2_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to edit2 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDA TA)% Hints: get(hObject,'String') returns contents of edit2 as text% str2double(get(hObject,'String')) returns contents of edit2 as a double% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.function edit2_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to edit2 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called% Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows.% See ISPC and COMPUTER.if ispcset(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');elseset(hObject,'BackgroundColor',get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor')); end% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton1.function pushbutton1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to pushbutton1 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDA TA) %uicontrol(gcf,'callback','nihe');% a=str2num(get(handles.edit1,'string'));% b=str2num(get(handles.edit2,'string'));nihe(handles.edit1,handles.edit2);function nihe(a,b)%x=linspace(-2*pi,2*pi,50);fid=fopen(get(a,'string'),'r');%f=fscanf(hob,'%s');C=eval(get(b,'string'));%txt=eval(char(f));data=fscanf(fid,'%g %g',[2,inf]);x=data(1,:);y=data(2,:);if ~isempty(y)p=polyfit(x,y,C);y1=polyval(p,x);plot(x,y,'g:d',x,y1,'r-*');end% --------------------------------------------------------------------function Untitled_2_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to Untitled_2 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB % handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDA TA) set(gcf,'Color','y')% --------------------------------------------------------------------function Untitled_3_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to Untitled_3 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB % handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDA TA) set(gcf,'Color','r')% --------------------------------------------------------------------function Untitled_1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to Untitled_1 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB % handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDA TA)% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton2.function pushbutton2_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to pushbutton2 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB % handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDA TA) %pause();close(gcf);五、艰辛课设展（辛辛苦苦几天的历程，其中不乏有许多删掉的文件，最终成果则在‘1’文件夹中！）（此课设均是自己开动大脑完成，期间查了许多资料、看多许多视频、请教过许多高人）六、心得体会此时，感慨颇多，以上的‘艰辛课设展’已充分表明了课设一路走来经历的风风雨雨。