翻译技巧 9 状语从句的翻译
状语从句的译法

• 2.从属连词一定带,但是意思不一定翻
• eg,It was such a terrible experience that I will never forget it. • 那次经历可怕至极,我永远不会忘记。 • 英语是一种形合语言,多使用关联词;汉语是一种意合的 语言,较少使用关联词。 • 因此,英译汉时,尽量少用关联词;汉译英时,尽量多用 关联词。
• (2)原因状从 • 1.通常是从句先翻 • A . The crops failed because the season was dry.因为气候干旱,所以庄稼歉收。 • B. They are informal, most likely because they are always in a great hurry.
人,有时还有别人,也要尊重。
• • • •
(4)让步状从 1. Old as he is, he would rather work than sit idle.
他虽已年迈,但他宁愿工作也不愿闲着。
• 2.译成表 “无条件”的条件分句 • A. I’ll be right here waiting for you, wherever you go, and whatever you do.
The end,thank you!
• 3.逻辑关系很重要,灵活翻译是根本。
• One must sow before one can reap. • 只有播种,才能有收获。 或者一份耕耘,一份收获。
三、各类从句中的重点举例
• (1)时间状从 • 1.通常是从句先翻 • A. Please turn off the light when you leave the room. 离屋时请关灯。 • B. The iron should be stricken while it is hot. • 趁热打铁。(打铁须趁热) • 2.固定翻译法,“一 ......就...."(hardly /barely/scarcely... when;as...soon...as...;the moment...;no sooner... than;instantly;directly,etc)
状语从句汉译英技巧

状语从句汉译英技巧1. 时间状语从句:-当……时:When we arrived, the party had already started.-一……就……:As soon as he heard the news, he rushed to the hospital.-在……之前:Before you go to bed, remember to turn off the lights.-在……之后:After he finished his homework, he went for a walk.2. 地点状语从句:-在……地方:Wherever you go, I will follow you.-到……地方:We will stay here until the rain stops.3. 原因状语从句:-因为:Because it was raining, we decided to stay indoors.-由于:Due to the bad weather, the flight was delayed.-既然:Since you are here, let's have dinner together.4. 条件状语从句:-如果:If you study hard, you will pass the exam.-假如:Suppose it rains tomorrow, what will you do?-只要:As long as you work hard, you will succeed.5. 方式状语从句:-以……方式:He explained the problem in a way that everyone could understand. -用……方法:She solved the puzzle by using logic and reasoning.。
英译汉翻译技巧9状语从句的翻译

英译汉翻译技巧9状语从句的翻译状语从句的翻译英语中状语从句用得比较多,位置也比较灵活。
根据汉语的特点,汉译时位置往往这样处理:比较和结果状语从句放在主句后面;方式状语从句可前可后;其他状语从句(时间、条件、原因、目的、结果或让步等)一般放在主句之前。
时间状语从句一、译成相应的时间分句1) From her second floor window she could see the postman when he came.邮差来时,她从三楼的窗口望出去就可以看见。
2) After what had happened he could not continue to work there.事情发生后,他无法在那里继续工作下去了。
二、译成并列分句1) She sobbed as she told us her miserable past.她一边向我们叙述她悲惨的过去,一边啜泣着。
2) While there is life,there is hope.留得青山在,不怕没柴烧。
三、译成“刚(一)·····就······”的句型1)Stormy applause broke forth the moment she appeared on the stage.她在台上一出现就响起了暴风雨般的掌声。
2)Scarcely had we gathered in the grain when it began to rain.我们刚把粮食收进来,就下雨了。
四、由until/till引导的从句译法1) I don't like meeting people until I have this dental work done.在我牙齿修补好之前,我不想会客。
分析:主句否定时,把until 当作 before来译。
英语状语从句的翻译

1.There is a virtual limit on how long we can hope to remain alive,however lucky and robust we are。
[参考译文] 不管我们多么幸运,多么健壮,我们所希望的长寿年龄实际上是有限度的。
[结构分析] 该句分为两部分:(There is a virtual limit on how long we can hope to remain alive, ) (however lucky and robust we are。
),第一部分是主句,第二部分是however引导的让步状语从句;主句中on…alive是介词短语,作limit的后置定语,how引导的从句是介词on的宾语,该从句的主语是we,谓语是can hope to remain,表语是alive;让步状语从句的主语是we,谓语是are,表语是lucky and robust。
这句话翻译时也要将从句提前,然后再译主句。
[知识链接] virtual实际的;remain保持;a limit on…对……有限制;alive活着的;lucky幸运的;robust健壮的。
2. While formal learning is transmitted by teachers selected to perform this role, informal learning is acquired as a natural part of a child's development。
[参考译文] 尽管正式的学习过程是由挑选出来担当此角色的教师来进行的,非正式的学习过程却是作为孩子成长的自然一部分而完成的。
[结构分析] 该句可拆分为两部分,(While formal learning is transmitted by teachers selected to perform this role,) (informal learning is acquired as a natural part of a child's development. ),第一部分是While引导的让步状语从句,第二部分是主句;从句中,formal learning是主语,谓语是is transmitted,过去分词selected 作teachers的后置定语,是不定式to perform this role作selected的目的状语;主句中,informal learning是主语,谓语是is acquired,介词短语as a natural part of a child's development作acquired的结果状语。
状语从句的翻译

四、让步状语从句
(1)译成表示“让步”的分句。如“虽
然…但是…,尽管…”等。 11. Although humans are the most intelligent creature on earth, anything humans can do,Nature has already done better and in far,far less space. 虽然人类是地球上最聪明的生物,人能 创造一切,但大自然更富于创造性,早 已创造出比人类创造的更好更小巧的东 西。
(2) 表示目的的从句后置
16. In addition,the cameraman must
have a knowledge of composition so that the arrangement of the people and objects in each shot will produce the desired effect. 另外,摄影师必须具备合成的知识,以 便安排好每个镜头中的人和物来达到预 期的效果。
Un句
(1)译成相应的表示时间的状语 1. When they analyzed these rocks,
they found “shocked” quartz grains— slivers with a particular arrangement of micro cracks believed to represent the relic left by an extraterrestrial impact. 在分析这些岩芯时,他们发现“冲击” 石英颗粒———带有特殊排列的微裂缝 的薄片,科学家认为他们是外层空间来 的物体与地球碰撞留下来的遗迹。
定语从句和状语从句翻译方法

四、让步状语从句
英语中,表示让步关系的连接词常常有:
三、翻译成状语从句
eg3: it was not until sixty years ago that a method of extracting aluminum ore was found which could lead to a cheap large-scale process. 直到60年前人们才找到开采铝矿的方法, 从而使低成本、大规模冶炼金属铝成为可能。
二、后 置 法
当定语从句较长时, 如果翻译成前置的定 语, 就会不符合汉语的表达习惯, 在这种情况 下, 往往把该定语从句翻译成并列的分句, 放
置于原来它所修词的后面。翻译时可以用两
种方法来处理。
二、后 置 法
(一)重复先行词。
由于定语从句的先行词通常在定语从句
中充当句子成分,如果单独把定语从句翻译
定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句
和非限制性定语从句两种,两类定语从句在
翻译方法上基本类似, 因此我们把它们放在 一起介绍。在翻译定语从句时,我们经常采
用下列的翻译方法:
一、前 置 法
把英语原文的定语从句翻译成带“的”
的定语词组, 放置于被修饰的词之前, 将英语
原文的复合句翻译成汉语的简单句, 这种方法
四、融合法
融合法是指翻译时把主句和定语从句融
合成一句简单句,其中的定语从句译成单句 中的谓语部分。由于限制性定语从句与主句 关系较紧密,所以,融合法多用于翻译限制 性定语从句,尤其是“there be ”结构带有 定语从句的句型。
状语从句的翻译

2、Whenever we go, we must build up good relations with people. 我们不论到什么地方,都要和人们把关系搞好。 (地点状语从句) 3、Since we live near the sea, we enjoy a healthy climate. 因为我们住在海滨,所以能享受到有益健康的气 候。(原因状语从句)
状语从句的翻译
状语从句是英汉两种语言中都存在的语言现象。 英语的状语从句根据功能可分为时间、地点、原 因、让步、条件、目的、结果、比较和方式状语 从句等。有些状语从句的位置比较灵活,有前有 后。此外,英语中各类状语从句都有明显的反映 其逻辑关系的连接词。
汉语的状语从句与英语的状语从句最大区别就 在于状语从句的位置和连接词。一般说来,英语 中表示方式、比较和结果等关系的状语从句位于 主句之后,其它状语从句的位置比较灵活,可前 可后。汉语中多数状语从句是放在主句之前,只 有比较和结果状语从句位于主句之后,方式状语 从句则可前可后。
1.将汉语中带有连接词的偏正复句译为英 语中相应的状语从句 2. 将汉语中偏正复句的偏句译为英语中的 分词短语、不定式短语、介词短语作状 语 3.将汉语中的并列句、排比句、对偶句和 紧缩句译为英语的状语从句
将汉语中带有连接词的偏正复句译为英语中 相应的状语从句
汉语中有许多表示让步、转折、假设、条件、因 果和目的等关系的连接词。因此,汉语偏正复句的英 译时,可直接将各种偏正复句译为相应的英语状语从 句。 1、只要我们坚持改革开放政策,就一定能把我国建设 成为强大的社会主义强国。 As long as we stick to the reform and opening-up policy, we shall surely be able to build China into a powerful socialist country.
状语从句的翻译

状语从句的翻译英语中的状语从句种类繁多,用法复杂,可以用来表示时间、地点、条件、目的、结果、原因、让步、方式、比较等意义。
由于英汉两种语言在表达习惯上的不同,在状语从句的安排上存在着明显的差异。
英语中的状语从句多用在主句后面,而汉语中则习惯于将状语从句放在主句之前,因此在翻译成汉语时一般将状语从句置于主句前面。
当然,对于不同的状语从句,在翻译时也需要根据汉语习惯来灵活翻译。
下面将具体介绍各种状语从句的翻译方法。
一、时间状语从句在英语中,时间状语从句的连接词有:when(当??的时候),whenever(每当??),as(当??时), since(自从??),until(直到??,如果不??),till(直到??),before(在??前),after(在??后),as soon as(一??就??),once(一旦??),the moment(一??就??),immediately(一??就??),no sooner? than(一??就??),hardly/scarcely? when(一??就??),the instant(一??就??),instantly(一??就??),the minute(一??就??),the second(一??就??),every time(每当??),by the time(等到??的时候)等。
在翻译成汉语时,一般应将这些连接词引导的状语从句置于主句前面。
1)译成相应的表示时间的状语。
①与原句顺序一致。
例如:After he had worked in the factory for ten years, he decided to go abroad.在这家工厂工作了十年之后,他决定出国。
While Jack was reading, Jim was writing. 杰克阅读的时候,吉姆在写东西。
②后置改前置。
例如:Please turn off the light when you leave the room. 离屋时请关灯。
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翻译技巧9 状语从句的翻译
1. 条件状语从句
1) During the execution of a contract, if one party fails to perform the contract and thus bring economic loss to another party, the latter may ask the former for compensation according to the contract stipulation.
在合同的执行中,如果一方不能履行合同而造成另一方经济损失,受损方可根据合同规定要求对方赔偿。
2)We are notifying you that we reserve our right to claim on you for the shortage if it is confirmed.
我方谨通知贵方,如果确定货物数量短缺,我方将有权向贵方提出索赔。
3)It will be very helpful for us to push our claim on condition that you can give us some evidence that your figure in the invoice is correct.
只要贵方能提供证据,证明发票上的数字准确无误,这将有助于我方提出索赔。
4)We shall have to cancel the order unless it is executed within two weeks.
除非这张订单在两周内履行,否则本公司不得不将它取消。
2. 时间状语从句
1) When we investigate the matter of your claims, we have noticed a discrepancy between our invoice figure and the quantities you specified.
我方在调查贵方提出的索赔时,发现我方的发票数量和贵方描述的数量不一致。
2)You will understand why we are working to capacity to meet the demand after you study the prices and terms of trade.
贵方在看过价格和交易条件后,会理解为何本公司要加紧生产以满足需要。
3)Before we send our formal order confirmation, we have to inform you that we cannot accept your request for a 5% discount.
在本公司寄出正式订单确认之前,必须通知贵方,本公司不能接受贵方打九五折的要求。
4)As soon as the goods are on board, the master of the steamer or the ship’s agents will give the exporter a receipt of the goods shipped.
货物一装上船,船主或轮船代理人就会给出口商开出一张所装货物的收据。
5)We will pack and ship the goods urgently as requested the moment the L/C arrives.
本公司一旦收到信用证,立刻按照贵方的要求包装并运送这批货物。
3. 原因状语从句
1)Since you have failed to uphold your end of the agreement, we find it necessary to cancel our order.
既然贵方无法履行协议义务,我方认为必须取消订货。
2)As we have always received your payment punctually, we are puzzled to have had neither remittance nor report in connection with our current statement of June 30.
因为我方总是准时收到贵方的付款,但是迄今为止,我方几既没有收到汇款,也没有接到有关我方6月30号结算的回音,因此深感困惑。
3)Now that you have had a chance to examine what we have sent to you, we are enclosing an order form for you to make an order easily.
既然贵方有机会审读我方寄送的材料,因此为便于贵方订货,附上订单一份。
4. 让步状语从句
1)We are sorry to report that although we have tried hard, we are unable to guarantee shipment by the agreed date due to a strike at our factory.
很遗憾通知贵方,我方虽然经极大努力,但由于工人罢工,还是无法保证依照原订日期装船。
2)The price of our product is still slightly lower than those of competitors even though it has been increased by 5%.
尽管我方产品的价格提高了5%,但是与我方的竞争对手相比,还是稍低。
3)The letter of credit covering your order No.491 has not reached us yet though we have made repeated requests.
尽管我公司一再要求,但是仍未收到贵方编号491订单的信用证。