状语从句的翻译
翻译技巧 9 状语从句的翻译
翻译技巧9 状语从句的翻译1. 条件状语从句1) During the execution of a contract, if one party fails to perform the contract and thus bring economic loss to another party, the latter may ask the former for compensation according to the contract stipulation.在合同的执行中，如果一方不能履行合同而造成另一方经济损失，受损方可根据合同规定要求对方赔偿。
2）We are notifying you that we reserve our right to claim on you for the shortage if it is confirmed.我方谨通知贵方，如果确定货物数量短缺，我方将有权向贵方提出索赔。
3）It will be very helpful for us to push our claim on condition that you can give us some evidence that your figure in the invoice is correct.只要贵方能提供证据，证明发票上的数字准确无误，这将有助于我方提出索赔。
4）We shall have to cancel the order unless it is executed within two weeks.除非这张订单在两周内履行，否则本公司不得不将它取消。
2. 时间状语从句1) When we investigate the matter of your claims, we have noticed a discrepancy between our invoice figure and the quantities you specified.我方在调查贵方提出的索赔时，发现我方的发票数量和贵方描述的数量不一致。
(完整版)状语从句知识点大全
(完整版)状语从句知识点大全状语从句是一个句子做另一个句子的状语，用于描述、限制、补充或解释主句的动作或状态。
在英语语法中，状语从句非常常见且广泛应用。
以下是状语从句的一些常见知识点：1. 时间状语从句（Time Adverbial Clauses）：用来表示时间，常用的引导词有when, while, as, before, after, until, since等。
例如：I will call you when I arrive home.翻译：我到家时会打电话给你。
2. 地点状语从句（Place Adverbial Clauses）：用来表示地点，常用的引导词有where, wherever等。
例如：She can't find her keys anywhere.翻译：她无论到哪儿都找不到她的钥匙。
3. 原因状语从句（Cause Adverbial Clauses）：用来表示原因，常用的引导词有because, since, as, for等。
例如：I didn't go to the party because I was tired.翻译：因为我累了，所以我没有去参加聚会。
4. 结果状语从句（Result Adverbial Clauses）：用来表示结果，常用的引导词有so, therefore, thus等。
例如：He studied hard, so he passed the exam.翻译：他努力研究，所以他通过了考试。
5. 条件状语从句（Condition Adverbial Clauses）：用来表示条件，常用的引导词有if, unless, provided that等。
例如：If it rains tomorrow, we won't go to the park.翻译：如果明天下雨，我们不会去公园。
6. 目的状语从句（Purpose Adverbial Clauses）：用来表示目的，常用的引导词有so that, in order that等。
英语语法：五类状语从句的翻译讲解
英语语法：五类状语从句的翻译讲解一、时间状语从句1. 译成相对应的时间状语1) 与原文顺序一致While she spoke, the tears were running down.她说话时，泪水直流。
2) 后置改前置Please turn off the light when you leave the room.离屋时请关灯。
2. 译成“刚（一）……就……”的句式When I reached the beach, I collapsed.我一游到海滩，就昏倒了。
3. 译成并列的分句1) 译文前置They set him free when his ransom had not yet been paid.他还没有交赎金，他们就把他释放了。
2) 后置不变I was about to speak when Mr. Smith cut in.我正想讲，史密斯先生就插嘴了。
二、原因状语从句1. 译成表“因”的分句1) “因”在“果”之前The crops failed because the season was dry.因为气候干旱，作物歉收。
2) “果”在“因”之前She could get away with anything, because she looked such a baby.她能渡过任何风险，因为她看上去简直还像娃娃模样。
2. 译成因果偏正复句中的主句Pure iron is not used in industry because it is too soft.纯铁太软，所以不用在工业上。
Because he was convinced of the accuracy of this fact, he stuck to his opinion.他深信这件事准确可靠，所以坚持己见。
3. 译成无关联词的因果关系并列分句Where there is sound, there must be sound waves.哪里有声音，哪里就必有声波。
高考中译英状语从句翻译
1. 为了不惊醒她，他轻轻推开房门，悄悄地溜了出去。
（for fear that）【答案】He pushed open the door gently and stole out of the room for fear that he should awake her.【解析】这里考查的由for fear that引导的目的状语从句；“悄悄地溜了出去”翻译为stole out of the room极为生动形象。
2. 我不需要买新车，我的那辆旧车还很好。
（condition）【答案】I don’t need to / needn’t buy a new car as my old one is still in good condition.【解析】这里考查的由as引导的原因状语从句；“状况良好”可翻译为be in good condition。
3. 在你生命中，如果有一个人你需要对他说对不起，那就去向他道歉吧。
(apology)【答案】If there is someone in your life to whom you need to say sorry go ahead and make an apology.【解析】这里考查的由if引导的条件状语从句；“对…说对不起”，我们用say sorry to sb.“向…道歉”make an apology to sb.。
4. 这小孩太调皮了，使得他那忙于工作的父母常常心烦意乱。
(So…)【答案】So naughty is the child that he often upsets his parents who are busy with their work.【解析】这里考查的是so…that引导的结果状语从句，千万要注意，so位于句首要用不完全倒装形式。
5. 自从出国留学后，她就不再和我们保持联系了。
(No longer)【答案】No longer has she kept in touch with us since she went abroad for further study / education.【解析】这里考查的是since引导的时间状语从句；与……保持联系keep in touch with;注意no longer位于句首，主句要使用部分倒装结构。
状语从句的翻译
例1． If penicillin is administrated, the patient’s past history in regard to penicillin therapy must be required. 例2． “In case that she is sick and unable to get up, you had better take her place as the head nurse” the chief director said to me.
因为常遇到一些诸如恶心、皮疹和眩晕等药物的副作用，所以一旦（病人）出现类似的征兆就应立即停药。
医学英文文献中有些类型的原因状语从句在汉译是可译为不用关联词而表示因果逻辑关系的并列分句，常见于口语。例如：
“We took you in the hospital as you are seriously ill” the nurse said.
假设昏迷的原因是头部外伤，那么（病人）通常都有受伤的既 往史。
生理老师告诉学生们：“如果你愿意尝试，你可以通过屈臂来感受 你上臂肱二头肌肌腹。”
汉语中表示“假设”的分句一般前置，但是表示补充说明情况的分句则后置，请看下面例句。
例1． Some people often try to avoid the allergen，such as seafood, if they possibly can. 例2． A doctor is liable to misclassify phenomena and make inaccurate diagnoses, if he is without such knowledge.
一些人总是竭力避免过敏原，比如海鲜，如果可能的话。
英语状语从句的翻译
众多家庭搬出安定的社区，离开交往多年 的朋友，远离大家庭的其他成员, 日常信息 来源就此切断。
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2 原因状语从句的翻译
Since the electrical inventions which Edison had given us were very important, we could not live without them—not for one minute. 爱迪生为我们发明的各种电器太重要了， 我们的生活离不开它们——一刻也离不开。
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要是下雨，咱们就不能步行上那儿去了。
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16.3 条件状语从句的翻译
If I could relive my life, I would lead quite a different life, leaving less regrets. 如果我可以重新过日子, 我会生活得截然不 同，不会留下这么多遗憾。
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3 条件状语从句的翻译
3.1 译成相对应的表条件的分句 If the epidemic cannot be controlled effectively, the whole country will come into chaos. 如果这种流行传染病得不到有效控制, 整个 国家将会陷入一片混乱之中。 We won’t be able to go there on foot in case it rains.
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1 时间状语从句的翻译
One must sow before one can reap. 只有播种，才能有收获。(译成汉语的必要 条件复句的正句。也可根据汉语表达习惯, 译为：一份耕耘，一份收获。) Before manned spacecraft could be sent to space, the problem of getting the spacecraft safely back to earth had to be solved. 为了把载人的宇宙飞船送到太空上去，就 必须解决使飞船安全返回地面的问题。(译 成汉语单句的目的状语)
《状语从句的翻译》课件
详细描述
在翻译状语从句时，需要根据上下文语境选择合适的词 语，并适当引申一些抽象或生僻的词语，以确保译文的 准确性和流畅性。
抽象与具体转换
总结词
抽象与具体转换是指在翻译过程中将原文中的抽象表述转换为具体表述或将具体表述转换为抽象表述。
详细描述
在英语中，状语从句有时会使用较为抽象的表述方式，而在中文中则更倾向于使用具体的表述方式。因此，在翻 译时需要进行适当的转换，以使译文更加符合中文的表达习惯。
分类
总结词
状语从句可以根据其意义和作用分为九类。
详细描述
根据状语从句的意义和作用，它可以分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、条件状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状 语从句、结果状语从句、让步状语从句、比较状语从句和方式状语从句等九类。
功能
总结词
状语从句在句子中起到修饰和补充说明的作用。
详细描述
状语从句的功能主要是对主句中的谓语进行修饰和补充说明，提供更多的信息和细节，使句子意思更 加完整和清晰。它可以帮助读者更好地理解句子所描述的情况和状态，以及动作发生的时间、地点、 条件、原因等。
翻译为条件状语从句
总结词
条件状语从句表示某种条件下的结果，翻译 时应将条件和结果分开，并使用“如果”等 连词连接。
详细描述
例如，英文中的"If it rains tomorrow"可以 翻译为"如果明天下雨"，"Unless you study hard"可以翻译为"除非你努力学习" 。
翻译为让步状语从句
增译与减译是翻译过程中常用的技巧，通过增加或减 少某些词语来使译文更加流畅自然。
详细描述
在翻译状语从句时，有时需要增加一些词语来补充说 明上下文信息，使译文更加完整；有时则需要省略一 些重复或冗余的词语，使译文更加简洁明了。
五类状语从句的翻译
五类状语从句的翻译一、时间状语从句1. 译成相应的时间状语1) 与原文顺序一致While she spoke, the tears were running down.她说话时，泪水直流。
2) 后置改前置Please turn off the light when you leave the room.离屋时请关灯。
2. 译成刚就的句式：When I reached the beach, I collapsed.我一游到海滩，就昏倒了。
3. 译成并列的分句：1) 译文前置They set him free when his ransom had not yet been paid. 他还没有交赎金，他们就把他释放了。
2) 后置不变I was about to speak when Mr. Smith cut in.我正想讲，史密斯先生就插嘴了。
二、原因状语从句1. 译成表因的分句：1) 因在果之前The crops failed because the season was dry.因为气候干旱，作物歉收。
2) 果在因之前She could get away with anything, because she looked such a baby.她能渡过任何风险，因为她看上去简直还像娃娃模样。
2. 译成因果偏正复句中的主句：Pure iron is not used in industry because it is too soft.纯铁太软，所以不用在工业上。
Because he was convinced of the accuracy of this fact, he stuck to his opinion.他深信这件事正确可靠，因此坚持己见。
3. 译成无关联词的因果关系并列分句：Where there is sound, there must be sound waves.哪里有声音，哪里就必有声波。
九大状语从句的英文表达
九大状语从句的英文表达1. 时间状语从句 (Adverbial clause of time):- When he arrived, everyone was already there.- I will call you as soon as I finish my work.2. 地点状语从句 (Adverbial clause of place):- Wherever she goes, she always takes her camera.- I will meet you at the park where we used to play.3. 原因状语从句 (Adverbial clause of cause/reason):- Since it"s raining, we should stay indoors.- The game was canceled because of bad weather.4. 结果状语从句 (Adverbial clause of result):- The car broke down, so we had to call for a tow truck. - He studied really hard, therefore, he got excellent grades.5. 条件状语从句 (Adverbial clause of condition):- If it rains, we will have to cancel the picnic.- Unless you hurry, you will miss the train.6. 目的状语从句 (Adverbial clause of purpose):- I am studying hard so that I can get into a good university.- He took extra classes in order to improve his English speaking skills.7. 方式状语从句 (Adverbial clause of manner):- She wrote the letter as if she was in a hurry.- They danced like nobody was watching.8. 比较状语从句 (Adverbial clause of comparison):- She is taller than I am.- He runs faster than his brother.9. 消息状语从句 (Adverbial clause of reported speech): - He told me that he would be late for the meeting.- She said that she was feeling tired.。
状语从句的译法
状语从句的译法1时间状语的翻译消费者购买商品实质上是在给不同的企业和产品投票Customers actually vote for products and companies when they make a purchase.我方建议这批货从总价中削减50%，相信你方会认为这样对我方是公平的I’m sure you will think it fair on our part when we suggest that the total value of the parcel should be reduced by 50%.2 原因状语从句的翻译The country’s economy has emerged from recession because the government adopted some flexible policies.因为政府采取了一些灵活措施，所以该国的经济已经开始复苏。
Because the winter is coming, many fashion stores start to sell warm clothes.因为冬天即将来临，所以时装店开始销售卸寒衣服了。
3让步状语从句Although we’ve raised our market share by 5%, the competition remains fierce.虽然我们的市场份额提高了5%，但目前的竞争依然激烈。
4目的状语从句To reduce loss and increase overall profits, the CEO told his product managers to get rid of all the dogs.为了减亏损，全面增加利润，公司的首席执行官告诉产品部的经理们销毁所有的次品。
5条件状语从句So if you should reduce your price by, say 5%, we might come to terms.要是你们答应降价，比如5%，我们达成协议。
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14.1 时间状语从句的翻译
14.1.4 译成并列分句 The earth turns round its axis as it travels about the sun. 地球一面绕太阳运行, 一面绕地轴自转。 I read a newspaper while I was waiting / I waited.
既然发言人不能来，我们不得不取消这次 会议。
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14.2 原因状语从句的翻译
14.2.2 译为不带关联词、因果关系内含的 并列分句 As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, and their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off.
Tasks for today’s lesson
Chapter
14 英语状语从句的翻译 (Translation of Adverbial Clauses) Check Exercise 9
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Chapter 14
Chapter
14 英语状语从句的翻译 (Translation of Adverbial Clauses)
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14.1 时间状语从句的翻译 When winds blow particles against a large rock for a long time, the softer layers of the rock are slowly worn away. 由于风把砂粒刮起来, 碰撞大岩石，久而久 之，较松软的岩石层就被慢慢地磨损。(译 成汉语复句的表原因的偏句)
我边等边看报。 I was going home when I met Mary. 我正要回家, 就在这个时候，我碰到了玛丽。
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14.2 原因状语从句的翻译
英语原因状语从句通常由从属连词 as, because, since 引导。 由because引出的原因状语从句一般置于句末， 也可位于句首，通常用来表示直接原因。 由as引导的原因状语从句通常位于句首；若置于 句末，前面应有逗号分开。表示的原因或理由为 说话的对方所知道，as通常翻译为“由于”。 since引出的原因状语从句通常位于句首，把已 知的事实作为推理的依据，说明的原因或理由是 说话的双方所明知的事实，因此，since往往翻 译为“既然”。
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要是下雨，咱们就不能步行件状语从句的翻译
If I could relive my life, I would lead quite a different life, leaving less regrets. 如果我可以重新过日子, 我会生活得截然不 同，不会留下这么多遗憾。 Only if we are true to facts, can we be loyal to the truth. 只有忠实于事实，才能忠实于真理。 We can realize the goal of our life, if only we work hard. 只要我们努力工作，就能实现人生目标。
努力工作，就会成功。 If you melt two or more metals together, you can get a new metal.
将两种以上的金属熔化在一起就可产生一种新金 属。
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14.3 条件状语从句的翻译
14.3.3 译成补充说明情况的分句 “You’ll have some money by then—that is , if you last the week out, you fool.” “到那时你该有点钱了——就是说，如果你 能度过这星期的话，你这傻瓜。” Be respectful to your superiors, if you have any, also to strangers, and sometimes to others. 要尊重你的上司，如果你有上司的话。对 待陌生人，有时还有别人，也要尊重。
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14.1 时间状语从句的翻译
Not until we have detailed studies of the present movement of traffic and have a clearer idea of how many people wish to travel, where they want to go, at what time of day and how quickly— not until then can we begin to plan a proper transportation system for the future. 只有详细地研究当前的交通流量，比较清楚地了 解有多少人想去旅行，要到哪里去，在一天中的 什么时候上路, 希望以多快的速度旅行，只有到 那时，我们才能开始对未来的运输系统进行合理 的规划。(译成汉语复句的条件偏句)
当他们逼近屈兰敦时, 许多房子里仍然灯 火通明，圣诞晚会还未结束。
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14.1 时间状语从句的翻译
We shall discuss the problem fully before we make the decision. 我们在作出决定之前要充分讨论这个问题。 The iron should be stricken while it is hot. 趁热打铁。(打铁须趁热。) When we met each other for the second time, I found that she looked older than she was. 我们第二次见面时，我发现她比实际年龄 显得老一些了。
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14.3 条件状语从句的翻译
14.3.2 译成不含关联词、内含条件关系的句子 If the temperature drops to zero degree centigrade, water freezes.
水在摄氏零度结冰。 If you work hard, you will succeed.
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14.3 条件状语从句的翻译
14.3.1 译成相对应的表条件的分句 If the epidemic cannot be controlled effectively, the whole country will come into chaos. 如果这种流行传染病得不到有效控制, 整个 国家将会陷入一片混乱之中。 [27] We won’t be able to go there on foot in case it rains.
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14.1 时间状语从句的翻译
14.1.3 翻译成固定句型 Scarcely had we got to the station before the train left. 我们刚到车站, 火车就开了。 Hardly had the computer started working when viruses were found.
14.1.1译成与汉语完全对应的表示时间的 状语 When they approached Trenton, lights were still burning in many of the houses and Christmas parties were still going on.
他之所以一点不急，是因为父母已为他铺 好了道路。
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14.2 原因状语从句的翻译
It is frequently said that computers solve problems only because they are “programmed ” to do so. 人们常说 , 电脑之所以能解决问题 , 只是因 为电脑给输入了解决问题的“程序”。 Since the speaker can’t come, we’ll have to cancel the meeting.
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14.1 时间状语从句的翻译 英汉语言表达的习惯差异： 通常汉语的状语从句位于句首，而英语的 状语从句可前可后, 以位于后者为多。 英语是一种形合语言，多使用关联词；汉 语是一种意合的语言，较少使用关联词。 因此，英译汉时，尽量少用关联词；汉译 英时，尽量多用关联词。
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14.1 时间状语从句的翻译
英语状语从句通常可按其从属连词、连接 副词或所用的引导词的含义来翻译，但有 时它们的深层意义互相渗透，可以互相替 换，需要转译。 有些英语状语从句虽然形式上是由表示时 间的引导词(如when, before, until 等)引导， 但根据句子逻辑意义来判断，应灵活翻译 成表因果关系的从句，或者翻译为表条件 的状语从句或表目的的状语从句。
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14.2 原因状语从句的翻译
所有的英语原因状语从句在汉语译文中通 常位于句首，偶尔亦置于句末。 汉语的原因状语从句翻译成英语时可位于 译句句首，也可置于译句句末。
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14.2 原因状语从句的翻译
14.2.1 译成表示原因的分句 They are informal, most likely because they are always in a great hurry. 他们之所以不拘小节, 很可能是因为他们总 是处于匆忙之中。 Because his parents had paved a good way for him, he didn’t worry about it at all.