英美文学选读完美中英对照版

英美文学选读完美中英对照版(总24页)--本页仅作为文档封面，使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--英美文学选读复习要点中英文对照Part one: English Literature Chapter1 The Renaissance period （14世纪至十七世纪中叶）文艺复兴1. Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance.人文主义是文艺复兴的核心。

2. the Greek and Roman civilization was based on such a conception that man is the measure of all things.人文主义作为文艺复兴的起源是因为古希腊罗马文明的基础是以“人”为中心，人是万物之灵。

3. Renaissance humanists found in then classics a justification to exalt human nature and came to see that human beings were glorious creatures capable of individual development in the direction of perfection, and that the world they inhabited was theirs not to despise but to question, explore, and enjoy.人文主义者们却从古代文化遗产中找到充足的论据，来赞美人性，并开始注意到人类是崇高的生命，人可以不断发展完善自己，而且世界是属于他们的，供他们怀疑，探索以及享受。

4. Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare are the best representatives of the English humanists.托马斯.摩尔，克利斯朵夫.马洛和威廉.莎士比亚是英国人文主义的代表。

5. Wyatt introduced the Petrarchan sonnet into England.怀亚特将彼特拉克的十四行诗引进英国。

6. The first period of the English Renaissance was one of imitation and assimilation.英国文艺复兴初期只是一个学习模仿与同化的阶段。

7. The goals of humanistic poetryare: skillful handling ofconventions, force of language,and, above all, the development ofa rhetorical plan in which meter,rhyme, scheme, imagery andargument should all be combinedto frame the emotional theme andthrow it into high relief.人文主义诗歌的主要目标是对传统习俗的熟练运用，语言的力度与气概，而最重要的是发展了修辞模式，即将格律，韵脚（式），组织结构，意象（比喻，描述）与议论都结合起来勾画出情感主题，并将其极为鲜明生动的表现出来。

8. The most famous dramatists inthe Renaissance England areChristopher Marlowe, WilliamShakespeare, and Ben Jonson.文艺复兴时期英国最著名的戏剧家有克利斯朵夫.马洛，威廉.莎士比亚与本.约翰逊。

9. Francis Bacon (1561-1626), thefirst important English essayist.费兰西斯.培根是英国历史上最重要的散文家。

(I)Edmund Spenser埃德蒙.斯宾塞10. the theme of Redcrosse is not“Arms and the man,” butsomething more romantic-“Fiercewars and faithful loves.”《仙后》的主题并非“男人与武器”，而是更富浪漫色彩的“残酷战争与忠贞爱情”。

11. It is Spenser’s idealism, his loveof beauty, and his exquisitemelody that make him known as“the poets’ poet.”正是斯宾塞的理想主义，对美的热爱以及精美优雅的诗文韵律是他成为“诗人中的诗人”。

(II)Christopher Marlowe克利斯朵夫.马洛12. As the most gifted of the“University Wits,” Marlowecomposed six plays within hisshort lifetime. Among them themost important are: Tamburlaine,Parts I & II, , The Jew of Malta andEdward II.马洛是当时“大学才子”中最富才华的人，在他短暂的一生中，他完成了六部剧本的创作。

其中最负盛名的是：《帖木尔》，《浮士德博士的悲剧》，《马耳他岛的犹太人》以及《爱德华二世》。

13. Marlowe’s greatestachievement lies in that heperfected the blank verse andmade it the principal medium ofEnglish drama.马洛的艺术成就在于他完善了无韵体诗，并使之成为英国戏剧中最重要的文体形式。

14. Marlowe’s second achievementis his creation of the Renaissancehero for English drama.马洛的第二项贡献是他创造了文艺复兴时期的英雄形象。

15. His brilliantachievement as a whole raised himto an eminence as the pioneer ofEnglish drama.他对戏剧发展的贡献是不可磨灭的，为此，它被后世尊为英国戏剧的先驱。

16. Thepassionate shepherd to his love激情的牧人致心爱的姑娘This shortpoem is considered to be one ofthe most beautiful lyrics in Englishliterature.这首短诗是英国文学诗中最优美的抒情诗。

(III)WilliamShakespeare威廉.莎士比亚17.The first period of his dramaticcareer, he wrote five history plays:Henry VI, Parts I, II, and III, RichardIII, and Titus Andronicus; and fourcomedies: The Comedy of Errors,The Two Gentlemen of Verona,The Taming of the Shrew, andLove’s Labour’s Lost.在他戏剧创作生涯的第一个阶段，他创作了五部历史剧：《亨利六世》，《理查三世》，《泰托斯.安东尼》以及四部喜剧：《错误的戏剧》，《维洛那二绅士》，《驯悍记》和《爱的徒劳》。

18. In the second period,he wrote five histories: Richard II,King John, Henry IV, Parts I and II,and Henry V; six comedies: AMidsummer Night’s Dream, TheMerchant of Venice, Much AdoAbout Nothing, As You Like It,Twelfth Night, and The MerryWives of Windsor; and twotragedies: Romeo and Juliet andJulius Caesar.在第二阶段，他写了五部历史剧：《理查三世》，《约翰王》，《亨利四世》，《亨利五世》以及六部喜剧《仲夏夜之梦》，《威尼斯商人》，《无事生非》，《皆大欢喜》，《第十二夜》，《温莎的风流娘儿们》，还有两部悲剧：《罗密欧与朱丽叶》和《裘利斯.凯撒》。

19.Shakespeare’s third periodincludes his greatest tragedies andhis so-called dark comedies. Thetragedies of this period are Hamlet,Othello, King Lear, Macbeth,Antony and Cleopatra, Troilus andCressida, and Coriolanus. The twocomedies are All’s Well That Endsand Measure for Measure.第三阶段诞生了莎翁最伟大的悲剧和他自称的黑色喜剧（或悲喜剧），悲剧有：《哈姆雷特》，《奥赛罗》，《李尔王》《麦克白》《安东尼与克利奥佩特拉》《特罗伊勒斯与克利西达》及《克里奥拉那斯》。

两部喜剧是《终成眷属》和《一报还一报》。

20. The last period ofShakespeare’s work includes hisprinciple romantic tragicomedies:Pericles, Cymbeline, The Winter’sTale and The Tempest; and his twoplays: Henry VIII and The TwoNoble Kinsmen.最后一个时期的作品主要有浪漫悲喜剧：《伯里克利》《辛白林》《冬天的故事》与《暴风雨》。

他最后两部剧是《亨利八世》与《鲁克里斯受辱记》。

21. Shakespeare’s sonnets are the only direct expression of the poet’s own feelings.这些十四行诗都是莎翁直抒胸臆的成果。