雅思写作必备词汇
附录：雅思写作必备词汇
一.同经济有关的词汇
extravagant 浪费的，奢侈的throw money into thin air 浪费钱
squander v. 浪费：If we squander our fossil fuels, we threaten civilization.
lavish v. 浪费：lavish time and money on pets
We have to economize on water during the dry season.
dear，luxurious 豪华的，money-consuming 浪费钱的，precious，valuable
destitute 贫穷的impoverished 贫穷的（名词形式为impoverishment）poverty-stricken 贫穷的poor
needy 贫穷的，缺乏生活必需品的: They collected money to help the needy children. poverty line 贫穷线，贫困线
a lucrative investment profitable 赚钱的，盈利的wealthy
be short of insufficient 不足的，不够的：The food is insufficient for our needs.
lack n&vt缺乏，be lacking in：She is lacking in responsibility.
run out of 用完scarcity n.缺乏，不足：The scarcity of food was caused by the drought.
There is a shortage of oil in this country.
asset n.资产 a tight budget 资金/预算紧张financial aid 经济资助financial/economic burden经济负担financial strain 资金紧张government revenue 政府税收foreign currency 外汇taxpayer 纳税人
有限的公共资金income 收入hard-earned money 辛苦挣来的钱
consumer goods 消费品consumption n. 消费(consume v.) expenditure n.花费，支出
beggar pauper=beggar homeless 无家可归的laid-off workers 下岗工人jobless 失业的；失业者
charity 慈善（形容词为charitable）healthcare 医疗保健starvation=hunger 饥饿famine 饥荒disease illiteracy 文盲（形容词为illiterate）welfare 福利shelter 庇护所nursing home/house 养老院miserable 痛苦的，悲惨的well-being福利subsidize=finance 资助，补助
二．同时间有关的词汇
squeeze time 挤时间wile away the time 消磨时间kill time 浪费时间
a waste of time and resource precious time-consuming 消耗时间的
a great waste of time occupy vt.占用：Reading occupies most of my free time.
take up 占用pass time 消磨时光
They messed about in the club most of the summer.
tempting 诱惑人的：a tempting offer吸引人的提议；a tempting smell诱人的气味
alluring 迷人的，吸引人的，诱惑的：an alluring advertisement
distracting 分心的（动词为distract）：Noise distracted the writer from his work.
lure vt.引诱：The price also lures students.
induce vt.劝诱，促使：Nothing in the world would induce me to do that.
entice somebody to do something/into doing something.
addictive 上瘾的be addicted to 上瘾wallow in 沉溺于：wallow in luxury
revel in 着迷，酷爱，纵情于：revel in films
resist the temptation 抵挡住诱惑be obsessed with 沉迷于
abandon oneself to 沉溺于：The young man abandoned himself to despair.
indulge in 沉湎于：indulge oneself in eating and drinking纵情于吃喝；
indulge in tobacco 吸烟无度
self-control 自控inhibit v.抑制，约束self-discipline 自律
refrain vi.节制，避免，制止：The boy refrained from tears；
Please refrain from spitting on the sidewalk.
restrain vt.抑制，制止：I couldn't restrain my laughter；
We restrained the children from playing by the railroad；
The government has taken measures to restrain inflation.
academic performance 学习表现misleading 易误解的，令人误解的
play truant 逃学：In my last year I played truant a lot. skip classes 逃课
efficiency 效率productivity 生产力rewarding 有益的，值得的
三.同健康有关的词汇
acute 急性的chronic 慢性的malady 疾病obesity 肥胖（形容词为obese）incurable disease=terminal illness 绝症depression 抑郁症diabetes 糖尿病tumor 肿瘤hypertension 高血压（hypotension 低血压）stroke 中风
以下词汇可以暂时只认知：
arthritis 关节炎coronary heart disease 冠心病epidemics传染病（形容词为epidemic）eye irritation 眼睛发炎infectious disease 传染病rabies=hydrophobia 狂犬病tuberculosis 肺结核
bloated 臃肿的，过于肥胖的dizzy 头昏眼花的fatigue n.疲乏，疲劳headaches indigestion 消化不良indolent 懒惰的morbid 病态的muscle aches insomnia 失眠（口语中也说lose sleep）constipation 便秘
nausea 反胃，恶心near-sighted=myopia 近视overweight 超重
sore throat 喉咙发炎symptom 症状tiredness=weariness 疲倦fracture骨折
跛子malnutrition 营养不良
addictive nocuous 有害的，有毒的（反义词innocuous）cancer-causing致癌的impair v.削弱，危机：Poor food impaired her health. deleterious 有害的，有毒的hazardous 危险的，有害的harmful be physically damaging 有害健康的
do harm to one’s health 有害健康endanger one’s health 危机健康pernicious有害的noxious 有害的，有毒的：Noxious chemicals are found in the river water.
high fat and calorie high cholesterol junk food oily food
deteriorate v.恶化：Relations between the two countries have deteriorated sharply in recent weeks.
’s health.
bacteria 细菌germ 细菌excessive intake 过量摄入cancerous 癌的virus 病毒carcinogen 致癌物toxic gas 有毒气体bleach 漂白剂radiation 辐射fume 烟，气体venomous 有毒的，分泌毒液的poisonous 有毒的
a meager diet 素食immune 免疫的aerobic exercise 有氧运动jog 慢跑balanced diet 平衡饮食lose weight life expectancy 预期寿命energetic=vigorous 精力充沛的vegetarian 素食者fitness 健康hygienic 卫生的
medical 医学的medical care 医疗medical treatment 医疗prevention 预防remedy 治疗法，药物eradicate v.根除，消灭：The government is making efforts to eradicate racial discriminating. nourishment 营养品vitamin nutrition 营养cure 治愈organ transplant 器官移植pain-killer 止疼药therapy 治疗，疗法pharmaceutical 药物的calcium 钙iron 铁zinc 锌iodine 碘phosphate 磷
四．同情感有关的词汇
affectionate 充满深情的：She was very affectionate with children.
allegiance 忠贞（形容词为allegiant）：He is trying to win the allegiance of the masses.
loyal 忠诚的，衷心的: She was loyal to her faith.
He is loyal to his wife.
sincerity 诚挚，真挚（形容词为sincere）：He is a man of sincerity.
congenial 性格相似的，意气相投的：I met few people congenial to me in that city.
devoted 投入的，深爱的energetic 精力旺盛的warm-hearted friendly
faithful 忠实的，可靠的fervent 热情的：She has a fervent desire to win. enthusiasm 热情：The proposal was greeted with great enthusiasm.
intimate 熟悉的：Both of them felt that they had become very intimate.
）emotion 情感：Love, hatred, and grief are emotions.
anxiety 忧虑，焦急apathy 冷漠arrogance 傲慢desolation 孤独，凄凉desperate 不顾一切的，拼命的，绝望的：
A desperate man will stop at nothing to get what he wants.
He was desperate when he lost all his money.
He was desperate for work to provide for a large family.
diffident 缺乏自信的：She is diffident about expressing her opinions.
drowsy 昏昏欲睡的：The story took place on a drowsy summer afternoon.
These tablets will make you drowsy.
eccentric 古怪的：My neighbor is an eccentric young man.
egoism 自我主义（egoist 自我主义者）frustrated 受挫的，失意的
hopeless 绝望的languid 懒洋洋的isolated 孤独的indifferent 冷漠的introverted 内向的（反义extroverted）inferior 自卑的，劣等的
inhospitable 冷漠的，不好客的（名词为inhospitality，反义为hospitable，hospitality）pessimistic 悲观的（反义为optimistic）rebellious 反叛的，叛逆的
unsociable 不爱交际的（反义为sociable，gregarious）
abuse n&v.虐待，滥用：He abused his power while in office.
Those captives were physically abused.
Child abuse is widespread in this country.
alienate vt.疏远：His behavior alienated his friends.
desert vt.遗弃：All his friends have deserted him!
deserted 为人所弃的abandoned 被抛弃的，自甘堕落的extra-marital affairs 婚外恋
vt.忽视ill-treat vt.虐待=maltreat
brutal 残酷的，野蛮的hatred 仇恨hostility 敌意resentment 怨恨wear a long face 拉长着脸turn a deaf ear 充耳不闻（注意turn a blind eye to）：How could you turn a deaf ear to her requests for help?
conflict 冲突antagonism 对抗
foster vt.培养，心怀（希望）：Concerts foster interest in music. foster a hope
comfort vt.安慰=console =soothe：We did not know how to soothe the bereaved mother. proximity 接近，亲近restful 宁静的goodwill 善意
encourage，support，promote，inspire 鼓励，支持，推进
五．同智力和教育有关的词汇
mental 心智的（名词为mentality）mental growth 智力发展ability of expression 表达能力brightness 聪明，智慧prodigy 天才，神童tactful 机智的clever talented 有才能的：He is a very talented actor. wisdom 智慧，学识：a man of wisdom creative 创造性的：a very creative musician genius 天才instinct 直觉instinctive 本能的：She had an instinctive taste for music.
inherence 内在，固有，天性intellect 智力intellectual 需要智力的，智力发达的（作为名词是含义是知识分子）：Chess is a highly intellectual game./ intellectual people
注意：intellectual property 指的是知识产权
insight 洞察力，见识，深刻的理解：Good teachers have insight into children's emotions.
His speech gave us an insight into the problems of education. intelligence 智力，聪明，智能intelligence quotient 智商nature 本性，天性
wit 智力，才智，智慧perception 洞察力，感知，理解：My perception of the problem is
clumsy 笨拙的，手脚不灵活的：The clumsy boy bumped into the table.
absurd=ridiculous 荒谬的：It is absurd to go out in such terrible weather.
It's the most ridiculous thing I ever heard in my life.
dull 感觉或者理解迟钝的：All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 只工作不玩耍,聪明孩子也变傻。
narrow-minded 思想狭隘的impractical 不现实的illogical 缺乏逻辑的
technology-dependent 依赖科技的
nurture v&n.养育，教育，滋养：the early nurture of the infant；Nurture your mind with good reading.
bring the talents into full play/put the talents into great play 全面发挥才干
promote 促进cultivate 培养，耕作：She cultivated her mind by reading.
experience v&n.经验，体验，经历，阅历experienced 富有经验的：She is an experienced cook./ He is very experienced in/at repairing cars. appreciate 赏识，鉴赏
stimulate 刺激，促进：The government will do everything in its power to stimulate economic
initiative 积极性，首创精神：He did not have the initiative to start his own business. creativity 创造力，创造individuality 个性，个人的特性imagination
literacy 有文化，有教养merit 优点，值得称赞的品质shrewd 精明的innovate 创新(名词形式为innovation) passion 激情originality 创造力，新奇
She is a sophisticated woman./ sophisticated weapons
a book worm 书虫quality education（all-round education）素质教育talent 人才
a learned person 知识渊博的人computer literacy 电脑知识survival ability 生存能力perspective 观点看法：view an issue from a historical perspective
thinking pattern 思维模式
六．同心理有关的词汇
aggressive a. 好斗的，有进取心的，侵略的：An aggressive young man can go far in our firm.
Tom thought of the war as an aggressive one. arrogant 傲慢的，自大的：John is so arrogant that he thinks he is better than everyone else. complacent 自满的，自鸣得意的aspiring 有抱负的，有雄心的snobbish 势力的
cowardly 胆小的（名词为coward）：Only a coward would run from danger.
craven n&adj懦夫，胆小鬼；懦弱的，畏缩的，胆小的diffident timid 胆小的，羞怯的：The timid girl didn't want to meet the new children in the neighborhood. gloomy 阴暗的；忧郁的：He came to see me in a gloomy winter day.
I can tell by your gloomy face that the news is bad.
melancholy 忧郁的：a melancholy man
自卑感（反义superiority complex）
extrovert 性格外向者（反义为introvert，形容词为extroverted和introverted）
out-going 外向的（比较记忆easy-going 随和的）
gregarious 合群的，群居的unsociable
liberal 心胸广阔的：The headmaster has liberal views about what his pupils should wear.
rational 理性的，合理的：That's a rational decision. out of control 失去理智的
crazy=mad 疯狂的envious 嫉妒的：Do not be envious of your neighbors.
anomalism 变态，异常（形容词为anomalistic）absurd
abnormal 不正常的，变态的：It is abnormal for a man to walk in his sleep.
impractical unrealistic 不切实际的，不实在的mental
nervous breakdown 神经失常schizophrenia 精神分裂症
She's neurotic about getting fat. psychology 心理学
embarrass 使困窘，使局促不安（名词为embarrassment）：You embarrassed me.
frustrated temperamental 喜怒无常的：The actress was so temperamental that many people refused to work with her.
irritable 易怒的：The baby is teething and has been irritable for several days.
moody 喜怒无常的；郁郁寡欢的：It is difficult to predict his reaction because he is so moody.
a moody face
nervous 神经紧张的，不安的：He's nervous of strangers.
7．同权利有关的词汇
do away with 废除：They decided to do away with the rule.
ban n.禁令：The police lifted the ban against parking in this street.
We have put a ban on smoking.
v.禁止，取缔：Swimming is banned in this lake.
abolish 废止，废除（法律，制度，习俗等）：Bad customs and laws ought to be abolished. abrogate 废除，取消：This law has been abrogated.
deprive 剥夺，使失去（名词形式为deprivation）：He was deprived of his rights to education.
These misfortunes almost deprived him of his reason.
The new laws deprived many people of the most elementary freedoms. forbid 禁止，不许（注意其不规则变化为：forbade，forbidden）：
The new law forbids smoking in offices./ Their father forbade them to go. limit 限制：The teacher limited his students to 500 words for their compositions.
prohibit 禁止，阻止：Smoking is prohibited in the office building.
They prohibited him from going there.
Membership of the club is restricted to men only.
brazen encroachment 公然侵犯
infringe 侵犯：Sorry to have infringed upon your property-rights.
intervene vi.干涉，干预：They were about to fight when their father intervened.
The Bank of England had been intervening in foreign exchange markets. interference 冲突，干涉invade 侵犯: The Normans invaded England in 1066. oppression 压迫：the social, economic and religious oppressions
violate 违反，亵渎（名词为violation）：Dr. Thomas was condemned for violating medical ethics.
The soldiers violated the church by using it as a stable.
copyright 版权abortion 流产，堕胎civil right 民权dignity 尊严enjoy the freedom 享受自由enjoy the privacy 享受个人空间equality 平等freedom of speech 言论自由just 公正的，正直的：a just man
candid 无偏见的，公正的：to be candid，---------- righteous 公正的，正义的human rights 人权humanitarian 人道主义者humanitarianism 人道主义inviolable 神圣的，不可侵犯的inalienable 不可剥夺的，不能让与的legal 法律的，法定的（名词为legality，反义为illegal）liberation 解放
(从束缚、支配下)解放：She spoke of the emancipation of women.
discrimination 歧视（动词为discriminate）：racial discrimination；sexual discrimination distortion 歪曲，扭曲（动词为distort）humiliating 羞辱的（动词为humiliate）
unprejudiced）
make laws 制定法律
enact 制定法律，颁布：Several bills were enacted at the end of this session of Parliament. establishment 确定，制定（动词为establish）motion 动议，提议
litigate 起诉prosecute 起诉，检举：He was prosecuted for drunken driving. compulsory 强制的：compulsory education regulation 法规，条例
指责，控告：She accused him of stealing her watch.
death penalty（刑法）死刑euthanasia 安乐死execution 死刑
capital punishment 死刑censorship （新闻）审查制度
八．同环保有关的词汇
chemical-waste 化工废料garbage 垃圾，废物junk 垃圾landfill 垃圾场，垃圾填埋municipal refuse(注意重音) 城市垃圾refuse collector 垃圾车，垃圾工人rubbish 垃圾，废物trash Ame 废物
acid 酸性物质atmospheric pollution 大气污染chemical substances 化学物质contaminant 污染物contamination 污染
contaminate 弄脏，污染：The water was contaminated./ Flies contaminate food.
congest 使密集，拥塞：The highway was congested with cars.
dust 灰尘，尘土fume 烟，浓烟light pollution 光污染disposable products 一次性产品emit 排放：The chimney emitted thick smoke into the air. emission 排放，射出物：carbon dioxide emission
filthy 不洁的，污秽的；下流的：The guy is always telling filthy jokes.
mixture 混合物sewage 污水：sewage works/farm 污水处理厂
nasty 污秽的，肮脏的noise pollution 噪音污染pesticide 农药，杀虫剂pollutant=contaminant污染物radioactivity 放射性smelly 发臭的，有臭味的
toxic chemical 有毒化学品water body pollution 水体污染
biodegradable 生物所能分解的anthropology 人类学（anthropologist 人类学家）biosphere 生物圈ecology生态学ecological balance 生态平衡ecological system 生态系统endangered species 濒临灭绝的物种cityscape 都市风景conserve 保护（名词为conservation，conservation area 保护区）
environmentally friendly 环保的exist vi.存在，生存：That word doesn't exist in English. food chain 食物链globalization meteorology 气象学（meteorologist 气象学家）habitat 动物栖息地：I prefer to see animals in their natural habitat, rather than in zoos. picturesque 风景如画的preserve 保护，保存：We have taken effective measures to preserve our natural resources. rare animals 稀有动物recyclable 可循环的subsistence 生存under-explored 未充分开发的ventilation 通风，净化
wilderness 荒野，荒地wildlife 野生动植物
exhausted 用完的，耗尽的：exhausted resources avalanche 雪崩
desertification 沙漠化die out 灭绝: Many old customs have died out.
energy shortage 能源短缺extinction（extinct 为形容词）灭绝：Apes are in danger of extinction.
illegal soil erosion 水土流失traffic jam/traffic congestion
exacerbate 使恶化，加重worsen 使恶化
vicious circle 恶性循环
九．同文化与传统有关的词汇
a dominant language 主流语言 a homogeneous world culture 同一的世界文化aboriginal culture 土著文化bilingual 用两种语言的，双语的（multilingual，多语的）brilliant and gorgeous culture 灿烂光辉的文化calligraphy 书法
civilization 文明（形容词为civilized）artistic value 艺术价值costume 服装cultural assimilation 文化同化cultural background 文化背景cultural heritage/legacy 文化遗产cultural identity 文化特性historic relics 历史古迹
diverse cultures 多元化的文化（cultural diversity）endangered languages dialect 方言gallery 美术陈列室，画廊genre 流派indigenous 本土的：a plant indigenous to New Zealand mainstream lifestyle 主流生活方式minority 少数，少数民族：minority people，minority languages
母语
ancestor 祖先，祖宗ancient 古代的，远古的ancestry 祖先，血统
pass down 传递下去antiquated idea 陈旧观念archeology 考古学（archeologist）forebear 祖先，祖宗forefathers 祖先inheritance 遗产remains 遗址
absorb 吸收：absorb the quintessence 吸收精华
assimilate 同化，吸收：America has assimilated millions of immigrants.
cherish 珍视compatible 能共处的，兼容的
devastate 破坏：The earthquake devastated a large part of the city.
diffusion 扩散，（知识等的）传播drawback 障碍；缺点
impede 妨碍：The attempt to rescue the climbers was impeded by bad weather.
be on the way to extinction/be under the threat of extinct 接近灭绝的边缘，处于灭绝的境地
in danger 处于危险中state of endangerment 濒危的状态
vanish vi.消失，突然不见：Many species have now vanished from the earth.
old-fashioned=out of fashion=outmoded=out-of-date 过时的
abundant 丰富的brilliant 灿烂的，闪耀的aesthetic 美学的，审美的
aesthetic value 美学价值be proud of great and profound 博大精深
immortal 不朽的：the immortal music of Beethoven. imperishable 不朽的
in vogue 正时兴，正流行：Short skirts were not in vogue then.
invaluable 无价的：His advice has been invaluable to the success of the project.
unique 唯一的，独特的：The custom is unique to the region.
stylish 时髦的，漂亮的superficial 肤浅的，表面的
carry forward 发扬光大inherit 继承：He inherited his father's farm.
reservation 保护spread 传播transmit 传播transform 转换，改变
prime 精华quintessence 精华reject the dross and assimilate the essence 剔除糟粕，吸取精华
cohesion 凝聚力collectivism 集体主义思想 a sense of belonging 归属感
cradle of culture 文化摇篮ethnic and cultural identity 民族文化特色
national pride 民族自豪感national unity 民族团结
opera 歌剧paper-cutting 剪纸puppet show 木偶剧sculpture 雕塑
embroidery 刺绣folk art 民间艺术handicraft 手工艺cross-talk 相声
十. 同道德和犯罪有关的词汇
distinguish good from evil 分辨善恶distinguish right from wrong 辨明是非
resist the temptation self-control self-discipline prevention
proper guidance 恰当的指引
addiction alluring be prone to social ills 易受到社会恶习的侵蚀depravation 颓废，堕落misleading obsession tempting
follow suit 跟从，跟着做：He went to bed and she followed suit after a few minutes.
follow in sb.’s footsteps 步某人的后尘go astray 误入歧途
fall victims to 成为牺牲品degenerate vi.堕落：Young people of today are not degenerating. mimic 模仿：The actor amused the audience by mimicking some well-known people.
imitate 模仿，仿效：I wish you would imitate your brother a little more./ Jane imitates the cuckoo. ignorance 无知curiosity 好奇：out of curiosity 出于好奇innocence
）peer pressure 来自同伴的压力
arson n.放火，放火罪（arsonist 纵火者）assault n&v.攻击bully 恐吓，欺凌弱小armed robbery 持械抢劫aggressive behaviour进攻性行为risky behaviour危险性行为burglary 入室行窃prostitution 卖淫（prostitute，妓女）take vengeance on 报复retaliate 报复：The terrorists retaliated by killing three policemen.
domestic violence 家庭暴力child abuse 虐待儿童theft 偷窃
abuse，neglect and delinquency 虐待、忽视、行为不良drug addicts 吸毒者
physical abuse 体罚pornographic 色情的pornography 色情书刊，色情出版物
aggressive delinquent 违法者depraved 堕落的，邪恶的guilty 犯罪的，有罪恶感的detrimental=harmful 有害的immature inexperienced 无经验的，不熟练的irrational 不理性的money-oriented 拜金主义的morally corrupt 道德败坏的untrustworthy 不能信赖的、靠不住的an egocentric person 自私自利的人
be charged with 被指控犯罪：He was charged with stealing. lax discipline 松散的纪律
家长的过分宽容
self-esteem and life skills 自信心和生活技能emotional exchange 感情交流strengthening the family ties 密切家庭感情trusting 信任的，信赖的
compassion=sympathy 怜悯：The nurse had great compassion for her patients.
雅思写作常用写作词汇汇总
附录二十大话题 教育类（education） https://www.360docs.net/doc/0f8298243.html,pulsory education 义务教育 2. vocational education 职业教育 3. academic performance 学业表现 4. non-academic affairs 与学习无关的事情 5. puppy/ calf love 早恋 6. corporal punishment 体罚 7. tuition fee 学费 8. parents’ supervision 父母的监督 9. individual tutorship 个人辅导 10. turning point 转折点 11. the pursuit of knowledge 对知识的追求 12. maintain / disrupt classroom order 维护、扰乱课堂秩序 13. coeducational /single sex establishment 男女共校、单一性别学校 14. generation gap 代沟 15. indulge in 沉迷（表示“溺爱” 后面直接加宾语） 16. play truant 逃学 17. school shootings 校园枪击 18. broaden one’s horizons 开阔视野 19. the hardship and bitterness of life 生活的艰辛和苦难 20. appropriate advice and guidance 恰当的建议和指导 21. cultivate independence 培养独立性 22. a good habit of frugality 节约的好习惯 23. distinguish right from wrong 明辨是非 24. shoulder the responsibility of 肩负…… 的责任 25. be prone to do 容易做某事 26. go astray 误入歧途 27. violate social conventions and laws 违反社会习俗和法律 28. cast a shadow on one’s heart 在心中留下阴影 29. resist the temptation of 抵制……的诱惑 30. interpersonal skills 人际交往的技巧 31. peer pressure 同辈的压力 32. formative years 性格形成期 33. physically and emotionally immature 身心不成熟 34. a sense of superiority 优越感 35.socially adaptable 能适应社会的 36. adjust teaching methods 调整教学方法 37. exert a negative impact on 产生消极影响 38. juvenile crime=juvenile delinquency 青少年犯罪juvenile delinquent 青少年犯罪者 39. a sense of belonging 归属感 40. qualified and experienced teachers 称职、有经验的老师 41. first class teaching facilities 一流的教学设施 42. education reform 教育改革 科技类（science and technology） 1.artificial intelligence 人工智能（artificial 人工的、人造的、非天然的） 2.side effects 副作用 3.technological revolution 科技革命
雅思写作话题分类词汇(全)
雅思写作话题分类词汇 教育与学业 考试频率：★★★★★ Education and study 教育与学业 1、Teaching methods 教学方法 7、Generation gap 代沟 2、Educational facilities 教育设施8、Adolescents’/Teenagers’problems 青少年问题 3、Academic subjects 学校科目9、Studying abroad 留学话题 4、Computer and learning(teaching) 电脑与学习（教学）10、Taking a part-time job 兼职工作 5、Personal development 个人发展11、Parents’/Teachers’responsibilities 父母/教师责任 6、Physical and mental growth 身心成长12、Functions/tuition of university 大学功能/学费 真题重现 In schools and universities, some girls tend to choose arts subjects, while boys choose to study science subjects. What are the reasons? Do you think this trend should be changed? Some people think that the main purpose of school is to turn children as a good citizens and workers, rather to benefit them as individuals. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 分类词汇加油站 1. scope of knowledge 知识面 2.lighten the burden of 减轻了…的负担 https://www.360docs.net/doc/0f8298243.html,prehensive knowledge 广博的知识 4.long-distance education 远程教育 5.enrich the teaching method 丰富教育手段 6.teaching\pedagogical methodology 教学方法 7.schooling 学校教育parenting、upbringing 家庭教育8.impart\inculcate knowledge 传授知识 9.multi-media teaching 多媒体教学10.vocational education 职业教育11.down-to-earth, practical 切合实际的12.enlightening 予以人启迪的13.perplexing 令人困惑的 14.the cultural diversity 文化的多元性15.insightful 富有洞察力的,有深刻见解的16.undertake the due obligations 承担责任17.exam-oriented education 应试教育 18.develop our creative mind 培养我们创造性思维19.widen one’s knowledge 拓展知识面20.realize the value of life 实现生命价值
雅思写作必背的100个观点词汇及替换表达!
雅思写作中表达观点很重要，应对各种各样的写作话题，我们就需要掌握不同的表达观点的词汇，而且替换词也非常重要哦。今天就给大家分享超级实用的100个雅思写作观点词和替换表达！ 1. 持某观点：claim contend deem reckon assert share the belief that 2.支持某观点: advocate maintain vote for side with be in favor of 3.反对某观点: contradict criticize be against cast doubts on 4.合理的：justified sensible feasible convincing persuasive rational practicable logical wise sagacious viable preferable
appropriate bear much analysis 5.好处：advantage benefit merit positive side upside boon pros 6.弊端：disadvantage defect demerit negative side downside flaw drawback cons 7.肯定：undoubtedly indeed undeniably there is no denying that 8.不确定：be likely to potentially presumably 9.重要的：essential significant vital crucial
雅思写作必备词汇
附录：雅思写作必备词汇 一.同经济有关的词汇 extravagant 浪费的，奢侈的throw money into thin air 浪费钱 squander v. 浪费：If we squander our fossil fuels, we threaten civilization. lavish v. 浪费：lavish time and money on pets We have to economize on water during the dry season. dear，luxurious 豪华的，money-consuming 浪费钱的，precious，valuable destitute 贫穷的impoverished 贫穷的（名词形式为impoverishment）poverty-stricken 贫穷的poor needy 贫穷的，缺乏生活必需品的: They collected money to help the needy children. poverty line 贫穷线，贫困线 a lucrative investment profitable 赚钱的，盈利的wealthy be short of insufficient 不足的，不够的：The food is insufficient for our needs. lack n&vt缺乏，be lacking in：She is lacking in responsibility. run out of 用完scarcity n.缺乏，不足：The scarcity of food was caused by the drought. There is a shortage of oil in this country. asset n.资产 a tight budget 资金/预算紧张financial aid 经济资助financial/economic burden经济负担financial strain 资金紧张government revenue 政府税收foreign currency 外汇taxpayer 纳税人 有限的公共资金income 收入hard-earned money 辛苦挣来的钱 consumer goods 消费品consumption n. 消费(consume v.) expenditure n.花费，支出 beggar pauper=beggar homeless 无家可归的laid-off workers 下岗工人jobless 失业的；失业者 charity 慈善（形容词为charitable）healthcare 医疗保健starvation=hunger 饥饿famine 饥荒disease illiteracy 文盲（形容词为illiterate）welfare 福利shelter 庇护所nursing home/house 养老院miserable 痛苦的，悲惨的well-being福利subsidize=finance 资助，补助 二．同时间有关的词汇 squeeze time 挤时间wile away the time 消磨时间kill time 浪费时间 a waste of time and resource precious time-consuming 消耗时间的
雅思写作常用连接词2
在雅思写作的四大评分标准当中，连贯性与衔接性是其中的一项评分标准，连贯性与衔接性其中一方面就是用连接手段（即连接词）来实现的。连接词本身是非常繁琐的知识，在教授连接词时也会遇到很多困难，那么学连接词首先把连接词词性掌握并掌握各词性的用法，学连接词就简便得多。朗阁海外考试研究中心分析认为，连接词大体可分为四种词性：连词，副词，介词和短语，它们各自的用法又不一样。 连词 如but, and,后接句子，连接并列句时前面逗号可有可无。当然连词也可放句首，这一点在考官范文里有很多体现。 例：In the past, populations were partly regulated by frequent war and widespread disease, but in recent years the effects of those factors have been diminished. (并列句中的连词) 段落开始：But how should it be achieved ( 连词放句首) 介词 如before, despite：后接名词或动名词 例：Before talking about the essential role of death penalty, you have to think about the meaning, and the purpose, of any kind of punishment. 副词 副词连接并列句，前面用句号或分号，后面用逗号（当然，如果副词前用句号，那就是另起一句了，不称之为并列句） 例：In many places today, children start primary school at around the age of six or seven. However, because it is more likely now that both parents work, there is little opportunities for children to stay in their own home up to that age.( 副词另起一句) The crime rate is increasingly high; therefore, the government needs to enforce more laws to curb this situation. ( 副词在并列句中) 短语 如on the contrary, in addition：用法和副词用法完全一样 例：They feel this is one area of life where they have the right to make decisions for themselves. For that reason, it would seem that the best approach would be work by persuasion rather than compulsion. The government plays a crucial role in scientific research; on the other hand, private companies hold certain advantages in conducting scientific research. ( 短语在并列句中) 掌握连接词的四大词性及用法以后，连接词的教学和运用就容易展开。我们可以参看考官范文，看看各类关系的时候考官如何使用连接词，使文章凸显出来。 因果关系 根据词性及用法可归结于: because / since/ as / for, so (连词), because of/ due to / owing to/ as a result of (介词) for that reason/as a result/ therefore/ accordingly (短语和副词) 例：I think the amount of waste produced is also as a result of our tendency to use sth once and throw it away. （可代替词汇because of/ due to / owing to）
雅思写作分类词汇大全
雅思写作高频词汇分类汇总 1.advanced science 尖端科学 2.scientific invention 科学发明 3.exert a far-reaching impact on…对…产生一种深远的影响 4.double-edged sword 双刃剑 5.earth-shaking changes 翻天覆地的改变 6.pay the way for the future development 为未来的发展铺平道路 https://www.360docs.net/doc/0f8298243.html,y a solid foundation for…为…打下良好的基础 8.energy crisis 能源危机 9.depletion of resources 能源消耗 https://www.360docs.net/doc/0f8298243.html,estone 里程碑 11.sophisticated equipment 尖端设备 12.technical innovation 科技创新 13.expediency 权宜之计 14.antithetical 与…背道而驰的 15.over-commercialized 过渡商业化的 16.a heated discussion 热烈的讨论 17.exhaust gas 废气 18.disastrous 灾难性的 19.overshadow 使…相形见绌 https://www.360docs.net/doc/0f8298243.html,pared to/with…与…相比 https://www.360docs.net/doc/0f8298243.html,her in 引领 22.speedy and comfortable 既快捷又舒适 23.opposite forces 负面影响 24.a fatal breakdown 致命故障 25.potential hazards 潜在危险 26.pose a threat to…对…有一种威胁 27.promote relative industries 促进相关产业发展 28.accelerate 加速… 29.means of transportation 交通方式 30.transportation tools 交通工具 31.social status 社会地位 32.environmentally-friendly resources 环保的能源 33.make people’s life easier 使人们生活更方便 34.alternative fuel 可替代燃料 35.sustainable development 可持续性发展 36.scientific exploration 科学探索 37.air travel 航空旅行 38.ridiculous 可笑的 39.absurd 荒唐的 40.substitute 取代
雅思写作典型段落背诵
环境问题-- cause We can blame some environmental damage on ignorance or poverty, but most damage has nothing to do with either. A major cause of environmental problems is the fact that clean air, clean rivers, and other natural resources are public, not private, possession. In Aristotle’s words, “What is common to the greatest number gets the least amount of care.”Individually, we gain by using these resources and so, in our own interest, we keep doing so. Eventually, the resources are damaged or run out, and then society as a whole has to pay the cost. 空气污染—cause Industry is another major cause of air pollution. Burning coal, oil and wood release carbon dioxide and other gases into the atmosphere. This is called the greenhouse effect. The result of greenhouse effect is global warming. Many scientists believe that global warming will cause worldwide flooding due to rising sea levels and serious climate change. 能源短缺 Not everyone agrees with the idea of energy shortage. Some argue that the future will be better. They say that we will know better ways to control our environment and that technology will provide us with new resources. For example, solar energy will replace coal and oil. Plastic will replace tin and other metals. In fact, this has been happening for some time. However, producing some of these new resources may contribute to the second major environmental problem—pollution. 开头-男女平等 In today’s society, it is easy to say that women have the same rights as men. Women can vote, drive a car, go to school, and have any job they choose. However, are women and men really equal? The answer to that question might surprise you. 开头-科技的负面影响 When we speak of the impact of technology on society, we always talk about the positive effects of technology. We talk about the Internet as an information resource and a communication platform, but conveniently ignore the fact that an overexposure to it leads to Internet addiction. We often discuss how technology has made our life easy but easily forget that it has made us overly dependent on it. Have you ever thought of the negative impacts of technology? 举例-健康 Consider a party person who may show good social skills, but the habit of partying late at night can disturb his sleeping pattern, which in turn can affect his physical and mental health. Now, consider a person who religiously follows his diet and exercise, but ignores attending social events and interacting with friends. This lack of social mobility can also be bad for mental health as he may feel isolated, which may lead to depression. So, we can see that to be a healthy person not only requires a healthy body and mind, but also a healthy social life. The three factors are interdependent on each other. Being social—effects
雅思IELTS写作136个必备词汇(十天突破雅思写作_第四版_慎小嶷)
1 家长给小孩的教育parenting n. 2 学校对学生的教育schooling n. 3 培养cultivate vt. 4 意识awareness = sense = recognition n. 5 有创造力的creative / original adj. 6 身体的physical adj. 7 心理的psychological adj. 8 同龄人peer n. 9 动力motivation n. （形容词motivated, 有动力的） 10 适应... adapt to 提供…. afford sth. v. 11 纪律discipline n. 12 记忆memorise(英式拼写) vt. 13 获得acquire vt. （后面经常加knowledge / skills） 14 有趣的stimulating adj. （在教育类作文中经常可以替代 interesting） Media 15 形容词“无处不在的”prevalent adj. 经常可以代替everywhere 16 客观的objective adj. 17 不客观的biased adj. 18 名人celebrity n. 19 记者journalists n. 20 新闻界the press 21 报道coverage n. （动词是cover） 22 有误导性的misleading adj. 23 可靠的dependable adj. 24 非常及时的up-to-the-minute adj. sway vt. 25 媒体影响公众经常用sway后 面加宾语的表达 26 信息量大的informative adj. 27 娱乐性强的entertaining adj. Technology 28 改变transform vt. 代替change 29 突破breakthrough n. 30 发展advance v. & n. 31 惊人的速度 a staggering rate 32 信息爆炸information overload 33 提高，增强enhance = boost vt. 34 创新，发明innovations n. 35 远程通讯telecommunications n. 36 高生产率的（它的名词 productive adj. productivity生产率在科技类 话题也很常用）
雅思写作中常用英文连接单词的替换词
雅思写作中常用英文连接单词的替换词 一、And 并列关系 (and)in addition // and // similarly // likewise moreover // too // not only ... but // even // besides this／that 二、Sequence 顺序(then) 出现的时候表示列举 first // initially // second etc. // to begin with // then // next // earlier／later // following this／that // afterwards 三、Consequence 结果（so） 前面是后面的结果// 也就是这些词后面就开始给出结论了 as a result // thus // so // therefore // consequently // it follows that // thereby // eventually // in that case // admittedly 四、Contrast 转折(but ) 表对前面论述的转折// 一般后面才是作者观点 however // on the other hand // despite// in spite of // though // although // but // on the contrary // otherwise // yet // instead of // rather // whereas // nonetheless // in contrast 五、Certainty 确定(of course) 强烈的确定// 后面是作者的坚定论点 obviously // certainly // plainly // of course // undoubtedly 六、Condition 条件/ 因为(if ) 后面跟随着某种情况发生的前提或者是条件。 if // unless // whether // provided that // Given that // for // so that // whether // depending on 七、Time 时间(when ) before // since // as // until // meanwhile// at the moment // when // whenever // as soon as // just as 八、Summary 总结(in a word) 作者的最后总结 in conclusion // in summary // lastly // finally // to sum up // to conclude // to recapitulate 重述// in short // in a word 九、Example 举例(for example) for example // for instance// just as // in particular // such as // namely 也就是 十、Reason 原因( because) since // as // so // because (of) // due to // owing to // the reason why // in other words // leads to // cause 雅思写作部分高频词汇、短语替换 ★高频形容词： 1.贫穷的：poor = needy = impoverished = poverty-stricken 2.富裕的：rich = wealthy = affluent = well-to-do = well-off
雅思写作常用单词
雅思小作文必备词汇 图表chart = graph = diagram 直线line 曲线curve 柱bar /column 饼pie 表table = figures = statistics the thin（细线） / thick（粗线） / broken（虚线） / dotted（点线） line 表明，表示，阐明show , give information about，reveal，indicate，demonstrate 直线图类词汇 (上升类动词)Increase------------ decrease (下降类动词) go up-------------- go down rise up-------------- fall down climb-----------------slide ascend --------------decline keep an upward tendency ----keep a downward tendency 波动动词类：fluctuate fluctuate upward / downward（波动向上/向下） 保持平稳类动词： keep / remain / maintain / stay unchanged / constant / stable（形容词，不变的） 修饰动词的副词： slightly 轻微地，slowly 缓慢地，gradually 逐渐地，steadily 稳定地，rapidly 迅速地，significantly 明显地，sharply 明显地，dramatically急剧地， 修饰名词的形容词： slight, slow, gradual, steady, rapid, moderate, significant, sharp, dramatic 大约，大概，左右类词汇：almost / approximately / around / roughly / more or less / nearly 时间from … to …/during the period/ between … and … / starting from ….
雅思写作必背300句
雅思写作必背300句 教育话题 家庭生活 现代科技 媒体 动物 环境、交通、资源 传统与发展变化 政府话题 平等 其他话题 教育话题 The uneducated person, on the other hand, is either unable to do something new, or does it badly. 相反地，一个未受过教育的人不是无法做好新事情，就是做得很糟。 Through systematic study in school, children can learn how to study, how to create and how to be a human being. 通过在学校的系统学习，孩子们都能学会如何学习、如何创造以及如何做人。 It is common for university students to share their dormitory rooms with another student, and at some universities this is required. 对于大学生来说，和另一个学生同住宿舍是很常见的事，而且在有些学校是明文规定的。 First, it is usually located on the campus and so it is very convenient for students to get to their classes, the library, and other university facilities. 首先，宿舍通常都在校园内，因此对学生来说，不论要去上课，去图书馆，还是要去使用校内其他设施都很方便。 This would allow me to make friends and get accustomed to school life without the distraction of having to worry about my daily needs. 这会让我有交友的机会，并且熟悉校园生活，不用因为一些日常所需而分心。 One reason that higher education should not be limited to good students is that not all secondary students study in equal circumstances. 高等教育不应该只限于给予好学生。原因之一是，并非所有的中学生都在平等的环境中学习。 Finally, a better educated population contributes to the growth and prosperity of a society as a whole. 最后，就整体而言，人们的教育程度越高越会促进社会的发展与繁荣。 Furthermore, by denying higher education to who do not make their marks in their secondary education, the country may be ignoring a future Einstein. 此外，国家如果不让高中成绩未达标准的学生受高等教育，可能会因此埋没了一个未来的爱因斯坦。 However, with their busy schedules, many students may not have the opportunity to exercise at home and so may become weaker. 然而，由于学业繁忙，许多学生在家里可能没有机会运动，因此身体可能会变得比较虚弱。 As fitness is such an important ingredient of success, I believe that schools should require students to engage in some physical activity every day. 由于健康是成功非常重要的因素之一，我认为学校应该要求学生每天做一些体能运动。
雅思写作必备词汇之社会类 (1)
雅思写作必备词汇之社会类 1. benefit from从中受益 2. put forward valuable suggestions提出宝贵建议 3. play a major role in easing traffic 在缓解交通压力上扮演了重要角色 4. participate in the reconstructionof the city参与城市重建 5. raise the environmental management level提高环境管理水平 6. create a pleasant ecological environment创造出一种和谐的生态环境 7. give priority to优先关注 8. catch much attention引起很大关注 9. resource allocation资源配置 10. perfect the construction of urban infrastructure完善城市基础设施建设 11. reduce the number of vehicles减少车辆 12. water scarcity水短缺 13. the environmentalpollution环境污染 14. over-industrialization过度工业化 15. over-crowdedness过度拥挤
16. unemployment失业 17. wealth distribution财富分配 18. social instability社会动荡 19. urban construction城市建设 20. population explosion人口激增 21. a rising crime rate犯罪率上升 22. drain of energy and resources能源和资源消耗 23. offer more job opportunities提供更多的就业机会 24. a rapid pace of life快节奏生活 25. stress-related illnesses与压力有关的疾病 26. high cost of living高额生活费用 27. pastoral life田园生活 28. class polarization阶级两极分化 29. social welfare社会福利 30. give special care to …给予…特殊关照 31. urban sprawl城市扩张 32. convenient transportation means便捷的交通工具
(2020年编辑)雅思写作必背200句
雅思写作必背200句 句子就是财富,句子就是一切,这些句子是从近百篇雅思优秀作文中摘录下来并经反复推敲提炼而成的.对于复习时间短,基础较薄弱的朋友能够在短期内熟悉且背诵这些经典句子无疑是准备雅思考试的捷径。 according to a recent survey ,four-million people die each year from diseases linked to smoking. 依照最近的一项调查,每年有4,000,000人死于与吸烟相关的疾病. the latest surveys show that quite a few children have unpleasant associations with homework. 最近的调查显示相当多的孩子对家庭作业没什么好感. no invention has received more praise and abuse than internet. 没有一项发明象互联网同时受到如此多的赞扬和批评. people seem to fail to take into account the fact that education does not end with graduation. 人们似乎忽视了教育不应该随着毕业而结束这一事实. many experts point out that physical exercise contributes directly to a person’s physical fitness. 许多专家指出体育锻炼直接有助于身体健康. nowadays ,many students always go into raptures at the mere mention of the coming life of high school or college they will begin. unfortunately ,for most young people ,it is not pleasant experience on their first day on campus. 当前,一提到即将开始的学校生活,许多学生都会兴高采烈.然而,对多数年轻人来说,校园刚开始的日子并不是什么愉快的经历. in view of the seriousness of this problem ,effective measures should be taken before things get worse. 考虑到问题的严重*,在事态进一步恶化之前,必须采取有效的措施. proper measures must be taken to limit the number of foreign tourists and the great efforts should be made to protect local environment and history from the harmful effects of international tourism. 应该采取适当的措施限制外国旅游者的数量,努力保护当地环境和历史不受国际旅游业的不利影响. an increasing number of experts believe that migrants will exert positive effects on construction of city .however ,this opinion is now being questioned by more and more city residents ,who complain that the migrants have brought many serious problems