自考本科英语2_汉译英
自考英语二 Text B 英汉对照翻译
Unit 01Text B. Secrets of Success at an Interview 面试成功的窍门/秘密The subject of today's talk is interviews.The key words here are preparation and confidence, which will carry you far.我们今天的话题是面试。
这里送你一句话：有备而往，信心当强。
相信这句话会让你受益匪浅。
Do your homework first.Find out all you can about the job you are applying for and the organization you hope to work for.Many of the employers I interviewed made the same criticism of candidates. "They have no idea what the day to day work of the job brings about. They have vague notions of "furthering the company's prospects’ or of 'serving the community', but have never taken the trouble to find out the actual tasks they will be required to do.”首先要做好面试之外的工作。
你要是求职或者希望到一个机构做事，就应该尽可能多地了解这个工作和机构的情况。
我所采访的许多雇主都对应聘人做了相同的批评：“这些求职人对这项工作每天事务究竟会带来什么结果一无所知。
他们对‘拓展公司的前景’、‘进行社区服务’只有些模模糊糊的认识，从不下功夫对他们做的实际工作作深入了解。
全国自考英语二参考译文
人制作的。 He goes nowhere except to the church on Sundays. 星期天他除了去教堂外不去任何地方。
2．?and try to leave as little as possible to chance.
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
这是由leave?to?和as?as possible两个短语组成的句子，前者意为“把?留给?”，后者意为“尽可能地” ［例句］They had to leave as little as possible to chance. 他们得尽可能少地使偶然性发生。
选择就是从多种选项中进行取舍，没有选择，就没有决策。决策本身就是一个选择的过程，许多决策有着很广的选择范围。例如，学生为了实现自己获得学位的目标，可能会从多门课程中进行选择，对于管理者来说，每一个决策都受到政策、程序、法律、惯例等方面的制约，这些制约存在于一个组织的各个部门里。
选项就是可供选择的种种可行的行动方案。没有选项，就没有选择，因而也就没有决策。如果看不到任何选项，这意味着还没有对问题进行彻底的研究。例如，管理者有时会用“非此即彼”的方式处理问题，这是他们简化问题的方法。这种简化问题的习惯常常使他们看不到其他的选项。
这种权衡的存在是因为组织想要同时达到的目标很多，其中有些比另一些重要，但其重要性与排序是因人和部门而异的。不同的管理者会对同一问题持不同的看法。面对同样一种情况时，销售经理倾向于销售方面的问题，而生产经理则着眼于生产方面的问题，如此等等。
多种目标的重要性与排序还部分地取决于决策者的价值观,这些价值观具有个人色彩,令人难以捉摸,甚至其本人也很难讲清楚，因为价值观是动态和复杂的,在很多业务场合,对于风险与收益可接受的程度往往会使不同价值观的人对其决策的正确性产生不同意见。
自考本科英语2 汉译英.
• 是否应继续使用这一方法，部分取决于是否还 有其他形式的解决方法可供采用。 • The answer to the question of whether one should continue using the method depends in part on whether other forms of solutions are available. • 只要有一线希望,就不放弃谈判。 • As long as there is a chance, we will never abandon the negotiation.
二. 转译法（词性转换）
汉语中动词的使用频率大大超过英语，因 此，汉译英时，就要将汉语中大量动词转换 为名词、形容词、介词、副词；当然也有其 他词性的转换。
–
他们不顾一切困难、挫折，坚持战斗。
•
–
They kept on fighting in spite of all difficulties and setbacks.
1.事先筹划，再来做题
A. 想好译成什么样的英语句子结构
是简单句还是复合句，或者是强调句、倒装句。 如果选用了复合句，那么要明确哪部分是主句，从句 采用的形式，是定语从句、状语从句还是其他的从句。 在一个句子内，主语是什么，谓语用什么时态，是主 动还是被动，要不要虚拟语气，这些都要事先筹划好。
B. 动笔进行翻译。
10 members
supported the decision with one voice / all supported the decision .
3.注意书写和卷面整洁 这个问题本来可以不提，但常常被考生忽略。 有的考生在考试中信手写来，一些不良的书 写习惯也带了进来，例如“r”“V”，不分， “i” “l”，不分……，有的常常遗忘标点符号，从 而造成不必要的丢分。
自学考试英语(二)课后练习中翻英全部答案(精)
1决策者应该能够对将来作出最好的推测。
Decision makers should be able to （make a best guess at） what the future will be.2有人认为经理们所作的一切均与决策有关。
Some people believe almost everything a manager does （involves） decision.3没有正确的选择就没有正确的决定。
If there is no proper choice， there is no proper decision.4不同的人对同样的问题有不同的看法，所以解决的办法也不同。
Different people have different ideas about the same problem； their solutions to the problem are，（therefore），also different.5决策者往往是公司业务发展的关键。
Decision makers often play the key role in the development of the business of a company. 6他由朋友陪同去听音乐会。
He was accompanied by his friend to the concert.7.他已说服她改变决定。
He has argued her our of her decision.8在某种程度上，他的成功是由于幸运。
His success is in part due to luck.9按照他的建议，手续已经大大简化。
According to his suggestion,the procedure has been greatly simplified.10电台预报明天天气会变冷。
The radio predicted that it will get colder tomorrow.11运动的定义是位置或地方的改变。
自学考试《英语(二)》汉译英部分应试技巧
最牛英语口语培训模式：躺在家里练口语，全程外教一对一，三个月畅谈无阻！洛基英语，免费体验全部在线一对一课程：/wenkxd.htm（报名网址）汉译英(Translation from Chinese into English) 应试技巧1.事先筹划，再来做题在翻译每一个句子时，一定要事先筹划：先要想好译成什么样的英语句子结构，是简单句还是复合句，或者是强调句、倒装句。
如果选用了复合句，那么要明确哪部分是主句，从句采用的形式，是定语从句、状语从句还是其他的从句。
在一个句子内，主语是什么，谓语用什么时态，是主动还是被动，要不要虚拟语气，这些都要事先筹划好。
然后动笔进行翻译。
遣词造句过程中，要格外注意一些细节问题：1)仔细斟酌、选用最能确切表达原文意思的英文单词或词组;2)名词的复数形式，动词的不规则变化，主谓语的一致性：3)单词的拼写，标点符号，大小写，冠词的使用等。
任何一个细节注意不到都可能出错丢分。
2.灵活处理，提高把握在翻译过程中，有时可能碰到一些英语单词不会写，这时千万不能灰心丧气，甚至放弃整个句子。
这时可以寻找意思相近而自己熟悉的词或词组来代替。
最好不要把那个词空着，更不要用汉字去替代。
对句子的结构同样也可以灵活处理，有些没把握的结构，可以用比较有把握的结构来代替。
例如，复合句没有把握，可以用两个简单句来表示;分词做状语没有把握，可以用状语从句来代替等等。
比如：这个由10人组成的委员会一致支持这一决定。
The panel/committee/board consisting of /which was composed ofwhich was made up ofwhich consist of10 members supported the decision with one voice /all supported the decision .3.注意书写和卷面整洁这个问题本来可以不提，但常常被考生忽略。
自考英语二课文翻译
Unit 1 Ｂ??面试成功的窍门?
?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?
英语二_课文翻译
Unit1 Ａ? ?什么是决策？
??决策是从可供挑选的行动方向中作选择。决策是为了一个组织建立和实现它的目的或目标。之所以要决策是因为有问题存在目标或目的不适当，或者有某种东西妨碍了目标或目的实现。
? ? 决策过程对于管理非常重要 因此一个管理者做的差不多所有的事情都离不开决策、有人甚至提出管理就是决策。然而管理者不能预见未来，但是他们要做的很多决策需要他们考虑将来可能发生的情况，管理者常常必须对未来的情况做出最佳的猜测，使偶然性尽可能少地发生，但是因为总是存在不确定的因素，所以决策往往伴随着风险。
? ? 因为一个组织希望同时达到的目标很多，所以就要进行权衡。虽然有些目标比另一些重要，但重要程度和次序则常常因人而异、因部门而异。管理者不同对同一问题的所做的解说也是不同的。同样一种情况摆在面前，销售经理看的是销售问题，生产经理看的是生产问题，如此等等。
? ? 决策者的价值观也部分地影响到对多个目标的排序和重要性的认识。这些价值观念是个人性的。很难捉摸，甚至抱有这些观念的人自己也很难弄清楚；这是因为价值观在不断变化，也很复杂。很多商业活动中，不同的人对于风险和收益的可接受程度的价值观不 样，这就导致了他们对决策正确与否的看法也不相同。
? ? 解释这一现象的理论是：一些恒星的密度增大到某一点就会发生爆炸。它们塌陷后有可能产生超新星。从地球上看，天空中超新星象一盏非常明亮的灯，即使在白天看起来也很亮。十七、八世纪天文学家就曾记载过超新星，一些人认为圣诞星可能就是一颗超新星。一颗恒星塌陷之后可以形成白矮星或中子星，这两种星体的物质密度极大，致使它们在自身的强大引力下不断收缩。如果这颗恒星非常巨大（比太阳大得多），收缩非常剧烈，就会产生黑洞。就像地球缩小到弹球那么大，质量不变，但引力增大，大家想象一下，便可以对黑洞的引力有些认识。所有靠近黑洞的物质都被它吸了进去；科学家把黑洞边缘区域叫做“事界”。对黑洞内部发生的情况我们还作不出说明，但从理论上讲，黑洞内部物质的运动一定不同于在黑洞外部的运动。
汉语言自考本科英语(二)教材中英文对照(1-6课)
汉语言自考本科英语（二）教材中英文对照（1-6课）第1课Text A Critical ReadingCritical reading applies to non-fiction writing in which the author puts forth a position or seeks to make a statement. Critical reading is active reading. It involves more than just understanding what an author is saying. Critical reading involves questioning and evaluating what the author is saying, and forming your own opinions about what the author is saying. Here are the things you should do to be a critical reader.批判性地阅读批判性阅读适合于那种作者提出一个观点或试图陈述一个说法的纪实类写作。
批判性阅读是积极阅读。
它不仅仅包括理解作者说了些什么，还包括质疑和评价作者的话，并对此形成自己的观点。
成为一名批判性阅读者需要做到以下几点。
Consider the context of what is written. You may be reading something that was written by an author from a different cultural context than (=from) yours. Or, you may be reading something written some time ago in a different time context than yours. Ineither case, you must recognize and take into account any differences between your values and attitudes and those represented by the author.考虑写作背景。
自考英语二——翻译中翻英重点
1.The purpose of making a decision is to achieve organizational goals.2.But the tendency to simplify blinds them to other alternatives.3.For managers, every decision has constraints based on policies, procedures, laws, precedents,and the like.4.From a system’s point of view, problems have multiple causes, and decisions have intendedand unintended consequences.5.Employers expect job applicants to be pleasant in personality and hard working.6.A black hole exerts a strong gravitational pull and yet it has no matter.7.Only in this way can you find a well-paid job.8.Decision makers should make a best guess at what the future will be.9.We know nothing about events which happen once objects pass this boundary.10.Einstein’s theory of relativity is the only theory which can explain the phenomenon.11.This process of shrinking is so intense that a black hole results.12.But in theory, matter must behave very differently in a very different manner inside the blackhole.13.Mankind may one day meet this fate.14.The more we learn about other people, the better we understand their ideas.15.Maybe another huge black hole is swallowing up stars at very rapid speed.16.The star will explode when its density increases to some extent.17.Can you imagine how strong the gravitational pull of a black hole is?18.Supernovas were reported by astronomers as early as in the seventeenth century.19.Euthanasia can really relieve dying patients from their suffering.20.Affected with a serious disease, he knew there was no hope of recovery,21.Each time the program is shown, it starts a nationwide debate on this subject.22.The Netherlands is the only country in Europe which permits euthanasia.23.In the vast majority of euthanasia cases, the patient doesn’t really want to die.24.They feel that they should also take the quality of life into account.25.Not all patients would receive such a high level of individual care.26.At the end of 1994, the British Government introduced new measures to help protectdomestic workers from abuse by their employers.27.Other, less dramatic, cases are equally deserving of attention.28.Many people doubt whether this will successfully reduce the incidence of abuse.29.Human rights organizations say that putting prisoners in chains is not only inhumane but alsoineffective.30.What it does is to punish prisoners for the ills of society.31.It is the right to change employers which distinguishes employment from slavery.32.The British government introduced new measures to help protect domestic workers fromabuse by their employers.33.Many domestic servants are exploited and abused by their employers.34.She was convicted of murder and executed.35.Folk music expresses peace, friendship and help.36.Electronics did, in fact, make possible sounds that no instrument up to that time couldproduce.37.Y ou can almost tell this type of composer by his fruitful output.38.Music simply wells out of him.39.The modern music stresses the audience’s participation in the performance.40.The three music forms are musically and culturally distinct.41.Turn on the radio, and you will hear nice folk music.42.The American folk music in the 1960s expressed anti-war sentiments as well as love andhope.43.He has a gift for music, but when it comes to drawing he knows nothing.44.Franz Schubert is a spontaneously inspired composer who was fired public imagination most.45.The robots used in nuclear power plants prevent human personnel from being exposed toradioactive materials.46.It is not yet known whether robots will one day have vision as good as human vision.47.Robots differ greatly from automatic machines.48.These networks are always on the alert for warning signs.49.It is not yet known whether robots will one day control our human activities.50.Two of the biggest earthquakes that were ever reported took place in China and Alaska.51.Robots can perform industrial tasks without human intervention.52.People in the industrialized countries are increasingly concerned with opportunities forleisure.53.The term “quality of life” is easy to understand but difficult to define.54.We acquire interests in a variety of things and subjects from our families, schools, jobs, andthe mass media.55.Generally speaking, those with better education may tend to seek recreation and personaldevelopment in leisure.56.Schools usually set as their educational objective the attainment of a balanced developmentof a person.57.Time is the easiest thing in the world to waste for it is the most difficult thing to control.58.Y ou must push away many temptations or your schedule is useless.59.Whether a person can manage his time well is very important for his study.60.In advanced industrial societies, people are attaching increasing importance to paid holidays.61.The problem of Jet Lag is one every international traveler comes across at some time.62.The effects of rapid travel on the body are much greater than we realize.63.Now that we understand what Jet Lag is, we can go some way to overcoming it.64.In time the physiologic system will reset itself, but it does take time.65.Normally the two internal biological timers are in step.66.It is not feasible to wait four days until the body is used to the new time zone.67.Even with the greatest effect, our span of attention fluctuates.68.The angry man forgets the pain of injury; the fearful man finds it difficult to enjoy pleasureand the tense or anxious person may react violently to the smallest of matters.69.Jet Lag is due to changes in the body’s physiological regulatory mechanisms.70.A nation is classified as aq aged one when it has 7 percent or more of its people aged 65 orabove.71.Babies are more of a liability than the inactive aged.72.Successful parenting begins by communication to children that they belong, and are loved forno other reason than just because they exist.73.Self-esteem is that people think about themselves.74.When feelings about the self have been threatened and self-esteem is low, everythingbecomes more of an effort.75.The foundation of a healthy family depends on the ability of the parents to communicatemessage of love and trust to their children.76.Maintaining a healthy self-esteem is a challenge that continues throughout life.77.The winner in the November general election is certain to be either the Democratic or theRepublic nominee.78.A major-party nominee has the critical advantage of support from the party faithful.79.More than two-thirds of the nation’s voters support their party’s presidential candidate.80.Candidates try to project a strong leadership image.81.To win the presidency, a candidate must receive at least 270 votes.82.How does it happen that the two-party system is so strongly rooted in American politics?83.Most of the major medical advances have been based on a background of animal researchand development.84.It would be irresponsible and unethical to use drugs on people that had not been thoroughlytested on animals.puter models can be used to simulate the way that cells work in our body.86.It is sometimes said that the cat “takes all and gives nothing”.87.It is the dog who can teach us lessons of loyalty and devotion that no cat ever knows.88.What we would spend on a cat would pay for a child’s medical care or basic education.89.New technology makes it easy for us to find alternative methods of testing on animals.90.Experiments show that daydreaming significantly contributes to intellectual growth.91.Experiments show that daydreaming significantly contributes to the ability to interact andcommunicate with others.92.Daydreaming improves a person’s ability to better adapted to practical, immediate concerns,and to solve everyday problems93.Many successful people made full use of daydreams and gained great achievement.94.The more people appeared in your dreams, the happier you felt when you awoke.95.Our moods in the morning relate to our sleep and dreams the previous night.96.In the past two decades, research has greatly expanded our knowledge about sleep and dream.97.Scientists have discovered that daydreaming is a means of effective relaxation.98.Daydreaming may enhance creative thinking ability.99.Many successful people actually day dreamed their achievements long before they realizedthem.100.The police have taken a detailed and comprehensive investigation into the case.101.When we play a game, we enjoy what we are doing otherwise we should not do it.102.So far as I know, she was the first person to define the essential difference between work and labor.103.If what he enjoy doing is ignored by society as of no value or importance, he can’t be happy. 104.Whether a job is to be classified as labor or work depends on the tastes of the individual who undertakes it.105.The difference between work and labor does not lie in the difference between mental and manual jobs.106.To him, leisure means freedom from compulsion.107.It was there that Weinstein was able to activate the recorder.108.Mrs. Weinstein bravely and persistently used every skill and power to convince her attacker to simply take her car and not her life.109.This recording revealed that the teacher was a woman of extraordinary courage and compassion.110.The government believe certain books to be subversive of its apartheid society.111.This is the effect of apartheid in terms of the society.112.She was calm in front of the attacker.113.In some countries in Africa, it is illegal for white and black to play chess together.114.They believe it was in the car that she activated the recorder.115.She bravely convinced the attacker not to commit crimes.116.I have seen some white children would stand in one of the mixed buses rather than sit beside anyone who was not white.117.The fastest growing industry in America today may be the continuing professional education of adults.118.Now many major employers are testing the knowledge and abilities of graduates applying for jobs.119.Economics, student need and our new understanding of how people learn are bound to break the monopoly of traditional education.petition and choice are already beginning to infiltrate the school system.121.The computer may be regarded as a substitute for intelligence instead of an extension of it. 122.The poet can help to supply the subconscious with material to enhance its sensitivity.123.Our biggest need in computer technology is not for increased speed and reduced size.124.It is important in the computerized age that we should not mistake data for wisdom.。
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– 街中的一切逐渐消失在灰暗的暮色里。
• Everything in the street was gradually disappearing into a pall of gray.
– 他说，如果情况是这样，他颇有跃跃欲试之感。
• He said, if this was the case, e would be tempted to try.
3.注意书写和卷面整洁
这个问题本来可以不提，但常常被考生忽略。 有的考生在考试中信手写来，一些不良的书 写习惯也带了进来，例如“r”“V”，不分，
“i” “l”，不分……，有的常常遗忘标点符号，从 而造成不必要的丢分。
英汉差异： 英语信息重点在前，汉语信息重点在后
英语多复合长句，汉语多简单句
英语多被动，汉语多主动
– 绝对不违反这个原则。
• No violation of this principle can be tolerated.
– 电子计算机的主要特点是正确和迅速计算。
• The electronic computer is chiefly characterized by accuracy and quick computation.
• 只要有一线希望,就不放弃谈判。
• As long as there is a chance, we will never abandon the negotiation.
2. 补代词：
凡说到人的器官 和归某人所有
或与某人有关的事
• 就是法西斯国家本国的人民也被剥夺了人权。
• Even the people in the fascist countries were stripped of their human rights.
The panel/committee/board consisting of
which was composed of which was made up of which consist of
10 members
supported the decision with one voice / all supported the decision .
遣词造句过程中，要格外注意一些细节问题： 1）仔细斟酌、选用最能确切表达原文意 思的英文单词或词组； 2）名词的复数形式，动词的不规则变 化，主谓语的一致性： 3）单词的拼写，标点符号，大小写，冠词 的使用等。
任何一个细节注意不到都可能出错丢分。
2. 灵活处理，提高把握
• 10人组成的委员会一致支持这一决定。
– 由于我们实行了改革开放政策，我国的综合国力 有了明显的增强。
• Thanks to the introduction of our reform and opening policy, our comprehensive national strength has greatly improved.
– 企业管理人员要想出明智的决策就必须懂得数学。
• The manager in enterprises must be mathematically informed, if they are to make wise decision.
– 学生们都应该德、智、体全面发展。
• All the students should develop morally, intellectually and physically.
英语属静态语言，汉语属动态语言
一. 对应法
某些汉语句型与英语句型类似或相同，
应法：
翻译时可采用对
即原文是什么句型，译文就用什么句型。
1. 假如你不来，我就去看你。 If you don’t come, I will go to visit you.
2. 孩子们转到老师的背后，玩起了捉迷藏的游戏。 The children went behind their teacher to play a hiding game.
• 是否应继续使用这一方法，部分取决于是否还 有其他形式的解决方法可供采用。
• The answer to the question of whether one should continue using the method depends in part on whether other forms of solutions are available.
– 科学家们深信一切物质是不灭的。
• Scientists are confident that all matter is indestructible.
– 这种人闹什么东西呢？闹名誉、闹地位、闹出 风头。
• What are these people after? They are after fame, position and opportunity to be in the limelight.
二. 转译法（词性转换）
汉语中动词的使用频率大大超过英语，因 此，汉译英时，就要将汉语中大量动词转换 为名词、形容词、介词、副词；当然也有其 他词性的转换。
– 他们不顾一切困难、挫折，坚持战斗。
• They kept on fighting in spite of all difficulties and setbacks.
1.事先筹划，再来做题
A. 想好译成什么样的英语句子结构
是简单句还是复合句，或者是强调句、倒装句。 如果选用了复合句，那么要明确哪部分是主句，从句 采用的形式，是定语从句、状语从句还是其他的从句。 在一个句子内，主语是什么，谓语用什么时态，是主 动还是被动，要不要虚拟语气，这些都要事先筹划好。
B. 动笔进行翻译。
三. 增译法
1. 补主语：汉语无主语的句子较多，而英语 每句必有主语；或则采用英语无主句、被 动语态或there be结构
• 不知你是否已完成了任务。
• I wonder whether you have finished your task.
• 预计今年的工业产量可比去年增长百分之 八。
• The industrial production this year is expected to increase by 8% over that of last year.