【阅读理解(一)】2021年全国高考第二轮专题突破卷

全国高考第二轮专题突破卷英语专题一：阅读理解（一）考生注意：1、本卷满分100分，考试试卷40分钟。

2、本专题中的阅读文章体裁主要包括应用文、记叙文、说明文和议论文。

Passage1.（2021·天津南开区·高三一模）Buckingham Palace Tour Watching the traditional changing of the guard ceremony at Buckingham Palace is a must when in London, and on this 4.5-hour you’ll get to experience this event, as well as other typical British traditions. The package combines three major attractions: the changing of the guard, a tour of the State Apartments and traditional afternoon tea. The guided tour passes through St. James Park before stopping to watch the guard ceremony with soldiers dressed in traditional uniforms, followed by entry into Buckingham Palace for an audio tour. After, travelers will head to a luxury hotel for traditional afternoon tea, scones and sandwiches.Thames River Sightseeing CruiseAfternoon tea is a British tradition, and to make this casual, elegant experience even more relaxing, you can combine it with a sightseeing cruise of London’s Thames River, the main waterway that flows through the heart of the city. Board a window-lined vessel for an hour-and-a-half voyage from Tower Pier to Westminster that includes traditional tea service with pastries, scones and sandwiches. The boat will float past iconic sites like the Tower of London, Big Ben, the Houses of Parliament and the London Eye, as well as Shakespeare’s famous Globe Theatre. On the return, feel free to wander the outside deck for photos and listen to informative commentary (解说) from the staff.London Royal Parks Bike TourLondon has so me spectacular parks that are located among the city’s most famous attractions and a guided bike tour is a fun and relaxing way to cover a lot of ground quickly and experience these lovely public spaces. Thefour-hour, morning or afternoon bike tour begins in Central London where bicycles and helmets are issued, followed by a leisurely ride through Westminster to the Houses of Parliament, Westminster Abbey and Big Ben with narration from the tour guide followed by busy Trafalgar Square. Next, the ride heads to all four Royal Parks: Hyde Park, Kensington Gardens, Green Park and St James’s Park. Before returning to the start, riders can visit the Princess Diana Memorial at Kensington Palace.Windsor Castle, Stonehenge and Oxford Day TripIf you’re interested i n exploring some of the world-famous attractions outside of London, consider booking the Windsor Castle, Stonehenge and Oxford Day Trip. The full-day tour departs from London in an air-conditioned bus, spans about nine hours and includes three of England’s architectural gems. The first stop is the Queen’s official residence: Windsor Castle for audio tours and a chance to see the changing of the guard followed be free time to explore the streets of Windsor. Next up is a visit to the mysterious UNESCO site of Stonehenge, followed by a walking tour of the city of Oxford. Along the way, the guide points out historical landmarks and other attractions and provides an in-depth commentary. Food and beverages (酒水) are not included, but you can pick something up in Windsor.1．Which tour is the shortest?A．Buckingham Palace Tour. B．Thames River Sightseeing Cruise.C．London Royal Parks Bike Tour. D．Windsor Castle, Stonehenge and Oxford Day Trip. 2．According to the passage, which of the following statement is NOT true?A．Visitors can watch the changing of the guard with the Windsor Castle, Stonehenge and Oxford Day Trip. B．A Thames River Sightseeing Cruise can take you through the center of London.C．You must have your helmet ready before joining the London Royal Parks Bike Tour.D．Buckingham Palace Tour will offer an afternoon tea in a luxury hotel.3．All the above tours are in London, except .A．Buckingham Palace Tour B．Thames River Sightseeing CruiseC．London Royal Parks Bike Tour D．Windsor Castle, Stonehenge and Oxford Day Trip4．If you choose the Windsor Castle, Stonehenge and Oxford Day Trip, you may________.A．see three gems B．visit the Queen’s homeC．board a vessel D．visit the Princess Diana MemorialPassage 2（2021·江苏南通市考试）My love for libraries blossomed when I joined the public library.From the age of 8, I was allowed to walk from my home to the downtown library, housed above the police station.Once the librarian (图书管理员) gave me my first membership card, I could enjoy a range of books, which started with Little House in the Big Woods.I was addicted instantly, and this love of libraries and reading would change my life, allowing me to one day create a safe space for high-school kids, too.By the time I was in high school, I could read the authors that we were studying in class, including Charles Dickens, Mark Twain and Emily Bronte. During the summer months, I got caught up in Gone with the Wind and Anna Karenina.When I studied English literature at university, I thought it was time to build my own library. For the next 40 years, I continued to collect books. Until one day, I realized that all my books had become a part of the house, like wallpaper.Toward the end of my teaching career, I became a teacher-librarian at my old high school, where I had first learned English literature. This position resumed (恢复) my love and appreciation for libraries. I never forgot how wonderful it was to be surrounded by books.I had a generous budget (预算) for my classes, so I searched for novels that would interest my teenage audience and hopefully spark (激发) a love of books. Fantasy, science-fiction, graphic novels – I bought almost any type of book that my students wanted to read.I bought sofas and comfortable chairs, turning the library into an inclusive (包容的) public space, safe for everyone.In doing so, I realized that the library isn’t just a place to do research. They are, in fact, places that offer an opportunity to engage with the past, present and future. All that is required is a tiny bit of curiosity. Libraries are places that should be full of life. They help us adjust to the world, and their doors must be kept open to everyone –for free!5．What can we learn about the author during her school time?A．She enjoyed literature very much. B．She didn’t have money to buy books.C．She didn’t get along well with her parents. D．She usually stayed home during the summer holidays. 6．Which of the following can best describe the author after she became a librarian?A．Gentle. B．Devoted. C．Humorous. D．Independent.7．What does the author think of libraries?A．They are places mainly used for research. B．They help people to connect with the world. C．They should be profitable. D．They should be set up mainly in high schools. 8．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing the article?A．To tell readers how to make full use of libraries. B．To tell readers what she learned from books. C．To show her love for reading and libraries. D．To show how much she missed being a teacher.Passage 3（2021·安徽高三）The Earth is losing some of its major freshwater supplies. But the water is not in lakes or rivers. They are called “aquifers”(含水层). They formed deep underground as the Earth developed. Some aquifers are so deep that water from very heavy rains cannot reach them through all the rock and dirt.Many aquifers provide irrigation (灌溉)water for crops. These freshwater are helping farmers in many countries. A new report says some aquifers are being emptied.Irrigated agriculture is responsible for about 80 percent or more of freshwater use worldwide. A growing part of that comes from underground aquifers because of dry weather or farmers growing crops in areas with little rainfall.But researchers say taking water from aquifers is creating a large problem. Scientists warn that there is not much that can be done to repair them. It is difficult to measure groundwater because it is so deep underground. It is also difficult to know how much water is there and where it is. The water from these aquifers may not be replaced for hundreds of years.The report says seven countries use the most non - renewable groundwater for agricultural production. The seven are the United States. India, Pakistan, China, Mexico and Saudi Arabia. The United States is one of the world's major exporters of food. If China and India use up the groundwater they need to feed their populations, they would be forced to buy more food. This increased demand could cause food prices to rise.The study shows that, while countries like Somalia are dealing with little rainfall, the world may someday face an underground drought. It's a really global issue. All countries around the world are facing this challenge. We don't have any great solutions or strategies to deal with this. So, at the very least, we need to have discussions to come up with new ways, new strategies that recognize this problem and manage how we might adjust our policies (调整政策).Any strategy must balance the short-term need for food for the world with the long-term survival of the Earth's aquifers.9．Why is it difficult to recover underground water?A．More water is drawn than it is added. B．The Earth still lacks rainwater.C．It is too deep for rainwater to reach. D．Researchers know nothing about it.10．What's the result of the disappearance of underground water?A．The US will benefit from it. B．More rains will reach aquifers.C．Fresh water in lakes or rivers will also disappear. D．Food will become more expensive.11．How does the author feel when stating the fact in the text?A．Worried. B．Relaxed. C．Encouraged. D．Optimistic.12．What may be the best title for the text?A．No Ways Can Save Underground Water B．The Earth’s Underground Water Is Being Emptied C．Agriculture Is Destroying Underground Water D．Everyone's Duty Is to Protect Underground WaterPassage 4（2021·安徽高三考试）Members of a native community in the arctic (北极的)areas of Sweden say their reindeer (驯鹿)are facing possible hunger from unusual weather related to climate change. The local Sami community takes care of about 8,000 reindeer throughout the year. The animals are moved between traditional feeding areas in high mountains close to Norway in the summer and forests farther east in the winter.A community member, Inga, is worried about his reindeer. He said climate change has affected the area's weather activity and created food shortages. "If we don't find better areas for them where they can feed themselves and find food, the reindeer will die from hunger,” Inga said. He verified the problem by reaching down into the snow and pulling up a hard piece of ice close to the soil.The area received unusual snowfall early in the fall, followed by rain that froze. Inga said this traps the plants that reindeer eat under a thick cover of ice. Some of the hungry reindeer have now moved away from their traditional feeding areas in search of food.Community members say half the reindeer moved towards the east as planned. But the rest headed back to the mountains, where they face the risk of attacks by other animals or being caught in an avalanche (雪崩). Older members of the Sami community say that in the past, they only remember bad winters about once every ten years. But now, Inga says “extreme and strange weather are appearing more and more often,“ happening several times a year.Snowfall is common for the area. But as temperatures increase, rain can also fall, creating a “rain-on-snow” effect. When this happens, food remains trapped under the ice where the reindeer cannot reach it. This causes the animals to grow weaker and struggle to make it through the winter. Weather changes have hit the Sami communityhard.“We don't want money because we can’t buy better weather with money. We need the EU to take action and they need to do it now,“ said Inga.13．What problem do reindeer meet with at present?A．Cold weather. B．Risk of hunger.C．Long march for food. D．Polluted environment.14．Wh at does the underlined word “verified" in Paragraph 2 mean?A．Proved. B．Solved. C．Ignored. D．Answered.15．What problem would the reindeer back in the mountains face?A．Traps under the snow. B．Hunt from human beings.C．Rocks falling down the mountain. D．Threat from other animals.16．What is causing the reindeer s present difficult situation?A．Flood. B．Drought. C．Rain-on-snow effect. D．Snowfall.Passage 5（2021·江苏扬州市·高三开学考试）You’ve probably seen ads for apps promising to make you smarter i n just a few minutes a day. Hundreds of so-called “brain training” programs can be bought for download.These simple games are designed to challenge mental abilities, with the ultimate goal of improving the performance of important everyday tasks.But can just clicking away at animations of swimming fish or flashed streets signs on your phone really help you improve the way your brain functions?Two large groups of scientists and mental health practitioners published consensus statements, months apart in 2014, on the effectiveness of these kinds of brain games.Both included people with years of research experience and expertise in cognition (认知), learning, skill acquisition, neuroscience and dementia (痴呆). Both groups carefully considered the same body of evidence available at the time.However, they issued exactly opposite statements.One concluded that “there is little evidence that playing brain games improves potential broad cognitive abilities, or that it enables one to better handle a complex condition of everyday life.”The other argued that “a large and growing body of evidence shows that certain cognitive training methods can significantly improve cognitive function, including in ways that generalize to everyday life.”Brain training programs are an attractive shortcut, a “get smart quick” scheme. But improving or maintaining cognition is likely not going to be quick and easy. Instead, it may require a lifetime — or at least an extended period – of cognitive challenge and learning.If you’re worried a bout your cognition, what should you do?First, if you do engage in brain games, and you enjoy them, please continue to play. But keep your expectations realistic. If you’re playing only to obtain cognitive benefits, instead consider other activities that might be as cognitively inspiring, or at least more rewarding — like learning a new language, for instance, or learning to play a musical instrument.17．How did the scientists make their findings?A．By collecting statistics from research. B．By observing available evidence.C．By recording cognitive changes. D．By comparing the differences.18．The second study could possibly lead to _____.A．solutions to cognitive difficulty B．promotion of puzzle gamesC．new ways to improve cognitive function D．further research into brain training19．What does the author think of puzzle games?A．It is completely illegal. B．It is of much practice.C．It is hardly acceptable. D．It is of little value.20．What could most probably be discussed in the following paragraph?A．The examples of cognitive activities. B．The tips on playing cognitive games.C．The disadvantages of puzzle games. D．The affection for puzzle games.全国高考第二轮专题突破卷英语专题一：阅读理解（一）考生注意：3、本卷满分100分，考试试卷40分钟。