风险术语中英文对照
风险术语中英文对照
R26/27
Very toxic by inhalation and in contactwith skin.
吸入和与皮肤接触有极高毒性；
R26/27/28
Very toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed.
R38
Irritating to skin.
刺激皮肤；
R39
Danger of very serious irreversibleeffects.
有极严重不可逆作用危险；
R39/23
Toxic : danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation.
有毒的：经吸入有极严重不可逆作用危险；
R39/23/24
Toxic : danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation and in contact with skin.
有毒的：经吸入和与皮肤接触有极严重不可逆作用危险；
R39/23/24/25
与皮肤接触和吞食有极高毒性；
R28
Very toxic if swallowed.
吞食有极高毒性；
R29
Contact with water liberates toxic gas.
与水接触释放出有毒气体；
R30
Can become highly flammable in use.
使用会变为高度易燃的；
与水猛烈反应，释放出极易燃气体；
R15
Contact with water liberates extremely flammable gases.
风险管理术语
风险管理术语1、风险风险risk事件发生的不确定性。
纯粹风险pure risk只有损失机会没有获利可能的风险。
投机风险speculative risk既有损失机会又有获利可能的风险财产风险property risk因发生自然灾害、意外事故而使个人或单位占有、控制或照看的财产遭受损毁、灭失或贬值的风险。
责任风险liability risk因个人或单位的行为造成他人的财产损失或人身伤害，依法律或合同应承担赔偿责任的风险。
人身风险personal risk因事故发生造成人的死亡、伤残或疾病的风险。
信用风险credit risk在经济交往中，因义务人违约或违法致使权利人遭受经济损失的风险。
环境风险environmental risk因职业、收入、居住环境、工作环境和生活习惯等因素导致人死亡、患病或伤残的风险。
职业风险occupational risk因工作环境导致人死亡、患病或伤残的风险。
自然风险natural risk因自然力的不规则变化产生的现象所导致危害经济活动、物质生产或生命安全的风险。
巨灾风险catastrophic risk; catastrophe因一次重大自然灾害、疾病传播、恐怖主义袭击或人为事故造成巨大损失的风险。
社会风险social risk因个人或单位的行为，包括过失行为、不当行为及故意行为对社会生产及人们生活造成损失的风险。
政治风险political risk因种族、宗教、利益集团和国家之间的冲突，或因政策、制度的变革与权力的交替造成损失的风险。
经济风险economic risk在经营活动中，因受市场供求关系、经济贸易条件等因素变化的影响或经营决策的失误等导致损失的风险。
税收风险tax risk因税收政策变动导致个人或单位利益受损的风险。
法规风险legal risk; regulatory risk因国家法律法规变动导致个人或单位利益受损的风险。
2、风险因素风险因素hazard促使某一特定风险事故发生、增加损失机会或加重损失程度的原因或条件。
风险术语中英文对照
R30
Can become highly flammable in use.
使用会变为高度易燃的；
R31
Contact with acids liberates toxic gas.
与酸接触释放出有毒气体；
R32
Contact with acids liberates verytoxic gas.
吸入、与皮肤接触和吞食是有毒的；
R23/25
Toxic by inhalation and if swallowed.
吸入和吞食是有毒的；
R24
Toxic in contact with skin.
与皮肤接触有毒；
R24/25
Toxic in contact with skin and if swallowed.
Reacts violently with water.
与水猛烈反应；
R14/15
Reacts violently with water, liberating highly flammable gases.
与水猛烈反应，释放出极易燃气体；
R15
Contact with water liberates extremely flammable gases.
与皮肤接触有极高毒性；
R27/28
Very toxic in contact with skin and if swallowed.
与皮肤接触和吞食有极高毒性；
R28
Very toxic if swallowed.
吞食有极高毒性；
R29
Contact with water liberates toxic gas.
风险术语安全术语
安全术语Chemical data sheets available in many countries now contain codes for certain "risk phrases", show n as R23, R45 etc. These risk phrase codes have the follow ing meanin gs:R1Explosive when dry. 干燥时易爆。
R2Risk of explosi on by shock, friction, fire or other source of ign iti on. 受冲击、摩擦、着火或其他引燃源有爆炸危险。
R3Extreme risk of explosi on by shock, friction, fire or other sources of ign iti on. 受冲击、摩擦、着火或其他引燃源有极高爆炸危险。
R4Forms very sen sitive explosive metallic compou nds. 生成极敏感的爆炸性金属化合物。
R5Heating may cause an explosion. 受热可能弓丨起爆炸。
R6Explosive with or without con tact with air. 极容易爆炸。
R7May cause fire.可能引起火灾。
R8Con tact with combustible material may cause fire. 与可燃物料接触可能引起火灾。
R9Explosive whe n mixed with combustible material. 与可燃物料混合有爆炸性。
R10Flammable.易燃。
R11Highly flammable.高度易燃。
R12Extremely flammable.极度易燃。
英语信用风险专业术语
英语信用风险专业术语Z值模型（Z score models）——用少量关键指标衡量企业破产风险的模型。
每一个z值模型都有本身的关键指标。
不合的z值模型有用于不合的行业和不合的国度。
巴塞尔协定（Basle Agreement）——由各国中心银行、国际清理银行成员签订的国际协定，主假如关于银行最小本钱充分的要求。
它也被称为BIS规矩（BIS rules）。
保兑信用证（Confirmed Letter of Credit）——开出信用证的银行和第二家承兑的银行都承诺有前提地担保付出的信用证。
储存所有权的条目（Retention of Title Clause）——发卖合同中注明，供给商在司法上拥有货色的所有权，直到顾客付出了货款的条目。
包管契约（Covenant）——借钱人承诺遵守借钱合同的书面文件，一旦借钱人违抗了契约书的规定，银行有权处罚借钱人。
本票（Promissory Note）——承诺在指定的日期付出商定金额的单子。
边际贷款（Marginal Lending）——新增贷款。
能够指对现有客户增长的贷款，也可指对新客户的贷款。
边际客户（Marginal Customer）——指额外的客户。
寻求成长机会的企业会尽力将产品发卖给新客户，同时平日是不合种类的客户。
这些新增客户的信用风险可能比企业现有的客户要高。
家当转换贷款（Asset Conversion Loan）——用于短期融资的短期贷款，例如，季候性的筹集营运资金。
财务申报／财务报表（Financial reports／statements）——财务申报或财务报表是分析企业信用风险时的重要信息来源。
财务申报和财务报表供给了和收入、成本、利润、现金流量、资产和负债相干的信息。
财务信息的最重要来源是企业的年报。
财务比率（Financial ratios）——财务比率一样用于分析企业的信用。
每一个比率都有特定的分析目标和分析对象。
财务比率是企业一个管帐科目与另一个管帐科目数值的比值。
化工安全风险术语
Very toxic by inhalation.吸入有极高毒性。
R27
Very toxic in contact with skin.与皮肤接触有极高毒性。
S15
Keep away from heat. 远离热源。
S16
Keep away from sources of ignition. 远离火源。
S17
Keep away from combustible material. 远离可燃性物质。
S18
Handle and open container with care. 小心处理及开启容器。
R7
May cause fire.可能引起火灾。
R8
Contact with combustible material may cause fire.与可燃物料接触可能引起火灾。
R9
Explosive when mixed with combustible material.与可燃物料混合有爆炸性。
S6
Keep under ... (there follows the name of an inert gas). 需保存在 (某种惰性液体) 下面
S7
Keep container tightly closed. 保持容器密封。
S8
Keep container dry. 保持容器干燥。
S9
Keep container in a well-ventilated place. 保持容器置于良好通风处。
S59
Refer to manufacturer / supplier for information on recovery / recycling. 参考制造商/供货商提供的回收/再利用信息。
(风险管理)风险术语
有害的：经吸入可能有不可逆作用的风险；
R40/20/21
Harmful : possible risk of irreversible effects through inhalation and in contact with skin.
与皮肤接触和吞食是有毒的；
R25
Toxic if swallowed.
吞食有毒；
R26
Very toxic by inhalation.
吸入有极高毒性；
R26/27
Very toxic by inhalation and in contact with skin.
吸入和与皮肤接触有极高毒性；
R26/27/28
Reacts violently with water.
与水猛烈反应；
R14/15
Reacts violently with water, liberating highly flammable gases.
与水猛烈反应，释放出极易燃气体；
R15
Contact with water liberates extremely flammable gases.
Very toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed.
吸入、与皮肤接触和吞食有极高毒性；
R26/28
Very toxic by inhalation and if swallowed.
吸入和吞食有极高毒性；
R27
Very toxic in contact with skin.
风险管理术语中英文对照
中文
英文缩写
SOE JV
CEO CFO COO
SBUs
WACC
IT
AI BI
PIN
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管理基础词汇中英文对照
更新日期：2007-10-29 类别
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有毒的：经吸入、与皮肤接触和吞食有极严重不可逆作用危险；
R39/23/25
Toxic : danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation and if swallowed.
与皮肤接触和吞食有极高毒性；
R28
Very toxic if swallowed.
吞食有极高毒性；
R29
Contact with water liberates toxic gas.
与水接触释放出有毒气体；
R30
Can become highly flammable in use.
使用会变为高度易燃的；
R39/26/27/28
Very toxic : danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed.
极高毒性：经吸入、与皮肤接触和吞食有极严重不可逆作用危险；
与皮肤接触是有害的；
R21/22
Harmful in contact with skin and if swallowed.
与皮肤接触和吞食是有毒的；
R22
Harmful if swallowed.
吞食是有害的；
R23
Toxic by inhalation.
吸入有害；
R23/24
Toxic by inhalation and in contact with skin.
R20/21/22
Harmful by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed.
吸入、与皮肤接触和吞食是有害的；
R20/22
Harmful by inhalation and if swallowed.
吸入和吞食是有害的；
R21
Harmful in contact with skin.
受冲击、摩擦、着火或其他引燃源有极高爆炸危险；
R4
Forms very sensitive explosive metallic compounds.
生成极敏感的爆炸性金属化合物；
R5
Heating may cause an explosion.
受热可能引起爆炸；
R6
Explosive with or without contact with air.
与可燃物料混合时发生爆炸；
R10
Flammable.
易燃的；
R11
Highly flammable.
高度易燃的；
R12
Extremely flammable.
极易燃的；
R14
Reacts violently with water.
与水猛烈反应；
R14/15
Reacts violently with water, liberating highly flammable gases.
极高毒性：与皮肤接触有极严重不可逆作用危险；
R39/27/28
Very toxic : danger of very serious irreversible effects in contact with skin and if swallowed.
极高毒性：与皮肤接触和吞食有极严重不可逆作用危险；
极高毒性：经吸入有极严重不可逆作用危险；
R39/26/27
Very toxic : danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation and in contact with skin.
极高毒性：经吸入和与皮肤接触有极严重不可逆作用危险；
Risk Phrases
英文解释
中文解释
R1
Explosive when dry.
干燥时有爆炸性；
R2
Risk of explosion by shock, friction, fire or other sources of ignition.
受冲击、摩擦、着火或其他引燃源有爆炸危险；
R3
Extreme risk of explosion by shock, friction, fire or other sources of ignition.
R34
Causes burns.
引起灼伤；
R35
Causes severe burns.
引起严重灼伤；
R36
Irritating to eyes.
刺激眼睛；
R36/37
Irritating to eyes and respiratory system.
刺激眼睛和呼吸系统；
R36/37/38
Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin.
与空气或未与空气接触发生爆炸；
R7
May cause fire.
可能引起火灾；
R8
Contact with combustible material may cause fire.
与可燃物料接触可能引起火灾；
R9
Explosive when mixed with combustible material.
刺激眼睛、呼吸系统和皮肤；
R36/38
Irritating to eyes and skin.
刺激眼睛和皮肤；
R37
Irritating to respiratory system.
刺激呼吸系统；
R37/38
Irritating to respiratory system and skin.
刺激呼吸系统和皮肤；
R24
Toxic in contact with skin.
与皮肤接触有毒；
R24/25
Toxic in contact with skin and if swallowed.
与皮肤接触和吞食是有毒的；
R25
Toxic if swallowed.
吞食有毒；
R26
Very toxic by inhalation.
R39/26/28
Very toxic : danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation and if swallowed.
极高毒性：经吸入和吞食有极严重不可逆作用危险；
R39/27
Very toxic : danger of very serious irreversible effects in contact with skin.
吸入、与皮肤接触和吞食有极高毒性；
R26/28
Very toxic by inhalation and if swallowed.
吸入和吞食有极高毒性；
R27
Very toxic in contact with skin.
与皮肤接触有极高毒性；
R27/28
Very toxic in contact with skin and if swallowed.
Harmful : possible risk of irreversible effects through inhalation.
有害的：经吸入可能有不可逆作用的风险；
R40/20/21
Harmful : possible risk of irreversible effects through inhalation and in contact with skin.
使用中可能形成易燃/爆炸性蒸气空气混合物；
R19
May form explosive peroxides.
可能生成爆炸性过氧化物；
R20
Harmful by inhalation.
吸入有害；
R20/21
Harmful by inhalation and in contact with skin.
吸入和与皮肤接触是有害的；
吸入和与皮肤接触是有毒的；
R23/24/25
Toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed.
吸入、与皮肤接触和吞食是有毒的tion and if swallowed.
吸入和吞食是有毒的；
有毒的：经吸入有极严重不可逆作用危险；
R39/23/24
Toxic : danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation and in contact with skin.
有毒的：经吸入和与皮肤接触有极严重不可逆作用危险；
R39/23/24/25
与水猛烈反应，释放出极易燃气体；
R15
Contact with water liberates extremely flammable gases.
与水接触释放出极易燃气体；
R15/29
Contact with water liberates toxic, highly flammable gas.
R38
Irritating to skin.
刺激皮肤；
R39
Danger of very serious irreversible effects.