外刊经贸知识选读Lesson 5
外刊经贸知识选读lesson
债务危机
债务危机是指在国际借贷领域中大量负债，超 过了借款者自身的清偿能力，造成无力还债或 必须延期还债的现象。
第九页，编辑于星期五：五点 十五分。
发展中国家的债务危机起源于20世纪70年代，80年代初爆发。 从1976～1981年，发展中国家的债务迅速增长，到1981年
第二十页，编辑于星期五：五点 十五分。
2.offset vt. 抵消；弥补；
n. 抵消，补偿；平版印刷
The gains offset the losses.
收支相抵。
In basketball, he offsets his small size by his cleverness and speed.
7. moderate adj. 稳健的，温和的；适度的，中等的；有节制的 vi. 变缓和，变弱
vt. 节制；减轻
His fury moderated when he learned why she had done it.
当他知道了她那样做的原因时，他的火气就消了。 The adjustment of the interest rate will moderate. 利率的调整将会放缓。
债务困扰严重的主要是巴西、墨西哥、阿根廷、委内瑞 拉、智利和印度等国。
第十页，编辑于星期五：五点 十五分。
8. consecutive adj. 连贯的；连续不断的 Wal-Mart Stores reported falling same-
store sales for the fifth consecutive quarter. 沃尔玛汇报可比店销售连续第五个季度下降。
外债总额积累达5550亿美元，以后两年经过调整，危机缓和，
《外刊经贸知识选读》1-6课复习资料
《外刊经贸知识选读》1-6课复习资料《外刊经贸知识选读》复习资料第一章一、术语1制成品 manufactured goods2资本货物 capital goods3国际收支 balance of payments 4经常项目 current account 5有形贸易项目 visible trade account6无形贸易项目 invisible trade account7贸易顺差 trade surplus8贸易逆差 trade deficit9易货贸易 barter10补偿贸易 compensationtrade11反向贸易 counter-trade12组装生产 assembly manufacturing13工商统一税 industrial and commercial consolidated tax 14合资企业 joint venture15延期付款 deferred payment 16买方信贷 buyer credit17卖方信贷 supplier credit 18软贷款（低息贷款） soft loan 19最惠国待遇MFN treatment （Most Favored nation treatment）20永久性正常贸易关系PNTR （Permanent Normal Trading Relations）21国民收入 NI（National Income）22国民生产总值 GNP（Gross National Product）23国内生产总值 GDP（Gross Domestic Product）24国际复兴和开发银行IBRD （International Bank for Reconstruction and Development）国际开发协会IDA（International Development Association）25国际金融公司IFC （International Finance Comporation）26经济合作和发展组织 OECD（Organization for EconomicCooperation and Development）27国际清算银行 BIS（Bank forInternational Settlement）28欧洲经济共同体 EEC（European Economic Community）29欧洲联盟 EU（EuropeanUnion）30外商直接投资 FDI（ForeignDirect Investment）二、词语释义：1substantially ：dramatically， significantly，considerably2subsequently： afterwards3exacerbate： deteriorate，worsen； aggravate； make worse4withdraw： cancellation5theme： principle6in return for： in exchange for7disrupt： interrupt8destined： designed9pronounced： marked10in the wake of： following；after with11undue： too much；unbearable12reverse： change to the opposite13buoyant： brisk14outcome： result15boost： stimulate；promote； develop16recover： rebound17facilitate： make easy18run-down： reduction19mount exhibitions： hold exhibitions20insofar as： to the extent21bottlenecks： obstacles三、句子翻译1. During the 1950s China exported agricultural products to the USSR and East European countries in return for manufactured goods and the capital equipment required for the country‘s industrialization programme which placed emphasis on the development of heavy industry. 20世纪50年代，中国向前苏联和东欧各国出口农产品以换取制成品和国家的工业化计划所要求的资本设备，而国家的工业化计划则强调重工业的发展。
《外刊经贸知识选读》7-15课复习资料
《外刊经贸知识选读》复习资料第七章一、术语1．free trade 自由贸易2．trade sanctions 贸易制裁3．fiscal packages 财政一揽子计划managed trade 管理贸易4．trade balance 贸易差额5．multilateral rules 多边规则6．economic cycle 经济周期7．budget deficit 预算赤字8．trade reprisals 贸易报复9. market share市场份额10.White Paper白皮书11.vested interests既得利益12.civil service行政部门13.wholesaler批发商14. Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI)日本通商产业省15. households save 家庭储蓄16. economic cycle 经济周期17. parts and components 零件、部件、零部件二、词语释义：1. draw the line: set limits; refuse to go as far as or beyond （划定界限；不肯做到或超越某种程度）2. die down: disappear gradually3. foreshadow: is a sign of; represents; indicates4 capitulate to: yield to5. thrust: principal concern or objective6. geared to: adjusted to7. take sb to task for: reprimand sb for; criticize sb for8. is at pains to: makes a great effort to; works hard to9. of its own accord: voluntarily; spontaneously10. export-driven: export-led; export-oriented11. in due course: at the right time12. cave in to: give in to三、句子翻译1. The strongest signal came last week，when Mickey Kanter，(the U.S. trade representative), moved quickly to cite the 12-nation European Community for (“intolerable”discrimination against U.S. companies)seeking government contracts withinthe community. The administrationwill begin retaliating in six weeks ifEC policies remain unchanged.最强的信号来自于上周，美国贸易代表米奇·凯特引用欧共体的话指出，12国欧共体谋求共同体内部的政府间合同是对美国公司的“令人无法忍受的”歧视。
外刊经贸知识选读_课_lesson5
Lesson 5 U.S. Is Prepared to See Trade Relations Worsen美国已做好准备任凭其贸易关系恶化By Peter BehrWashington Post Service 1. WASHINGTON—The Clinton administration is drawing the first lines of a tougher U.S. policy on trade, signaling to Europe and Japan that it will demand fairer treatment for American exports and is prepared to see relationships with U.S. trading partners get worse before they get better.克林顿政府正计划推行强硬的贸易政策路线，由此向欧洲和日本发出信号要求其更为公正的对待美国的出口，同时也表示美国政府已做好准备对待贸易关系恶化而非改善的状况。
2. The strongest signal came last week, when Mickey Kantor, the U.S. trade representative, moved quickly to cite the 12-nation European Community for “intolerable” discrimination against U.S. companies seeking government contracts within the Community. The administration will begin retaliating in six weeks if EC policies remain unchanged, Mr. Kantor said.美国贸易代表Mickey Kantor在上周发出了最为强烈的信号，他对欧共体12国限制美国公司参与欧洲政府采购计划迅速做出反应，认为这种做法是“不可忍受”的，并且警告说如果欧洲在六周之内不改变其现有做法那么美国将会采取报复性措施。
英语报刊阅读教程-对外经贸大学Unit5
Unit5passage1But are today's economic times actually worse?One way to measure that is the misery index.That was a gauge of economic trouble developed in the late1970s and 1980s that was supposed to be a more accurate measure of how bad the economy was for the average Joe.The misery index combines the inflation rate with the unemployment rate to come.And indeed those twin fears of joblessness and souring food and gas prices are what seems to be sapping confidence in the economy these days as well.So how does the economy measure up to the1970s based on the misery index. Actually pretty well.The misery index hit19.3at the end of1974,the year I was born. In1980,the index pare that to now and the economy looks positively rosy.Today the misery index would stand at11.Good times,right.Maybe not.But while the misery index may have been a good gauge of economic health in the1970s,it isn't the best measure of economic health at all times and misses the point today.One example,deflation is one of the worse things that can happen to the economy.Wages and income and asset values tumble,while debts stay the same. Bankruptcies galore.Yet,by the misery index,deflation would be a good thing, bringing the index down.And too little inflation,and the fear of deflation,has been one of the things that Bernanke has worried about.That's why Kathleen Madigan,over at the Wall Street Journal,has devised a new misery index that may do a better job of actually comparing today's economic times to back then.While inflation is low,many think it will soon rise,and that along housing prices and the lack of jobs could be what is holding back the economy.So Madigan's new misery index looks at the one year change in the jobless rate,gas prices and home prices.Based on those calculations,Madigan's new misery index scores in at20, up from8.3a year ago.She also finds that Phoenix is not the most miserable place, economy-wise,in the nation to live.So how does our current economic times measure up to the1970s?The earliest I could find for gas price data was1979.At the end of that year,the new misery index would actually stand at-8.So a rating of positively groovy.That's mostly due to the fact that housing prices rose12that year.The reading for1980would be13.2%.So now we are talking some economic pain.But still that's significantly less than Madigan's misery index reads now.So I guess it's time for me to recalibrate what I think the worst of economic times are.And I thought it was just the music that was better back then.至少对20世纪70年代出生的我们这一代人，那十年仍然是最糟糕的时代。
浙江7月高等教育自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试题及答案解析
浙江省2018年7月高等教育自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试题课程代码：00096Ⅰ.常用词语的英译汉(每个词组1分，共10分)Put the following phrases into Chinese.1.trade fairs and exhibitions2.intellectual property right3.trade procedure4.export quota5.(government)procurement6.European integration7.Export Commodity Fair8.countervailing duty9.fledgling industries10.deinflationary policiesⅡ.常用词语的汉译英(每个词组1分，共10分)Put the following phrases into English.1.外商独资2.自然资源3.国内生产总值4.供需5.市场导向6.商业周期7.质量证书8.贸易逆差9.市场力量10.经常项目Ⅲ.正误判断题(每题2分，共10分)Read the following passage and decide whether the satements are ture or false.What Is MarketThe world market is used in a number of ways.There is a stock market and an automobile market,a retail market for furniture and a wholesale market for furniture.One person may be going to the market;another may plan to market a product.What,then is market?A market may be defined as a place where buyers and sellers meet,goods or services are offered for sale,and transfers of ownership occur.A market may also be defined as the demand made by a certain group of potential buyers for a good or service.For instance,there is a farm marker for petroleum(石油)products.The terms market and demand are often used interchangeably;they may also be used jointly as market demand.These definitions are not sufficiently precise to be useful to us here.For business purposes we define a market as people or organizations with wants(needs) to satisfy,money to spend, and the willingness to spend it.Thus in the market demand for any given product or service,there are three factors to consider—people or organizations with wants(needs),their purchasing power,and theirbuying behavior.We shall employ the dictionary definition of needs:the lack of anything that is required,desired,or useful.We do not limit needs to the narrow physiological(生理的)requirements of food,clothing and shelter essential for survival.In our discussion the words needs and wants are used synonymously and interchangeably.In strict interpretation,however,needs would refer to such basic physiological requirements as food,clothing,and shelter,while wants would be nonbasic preferences.However,in our affluent society,little is to be gained by trying to differentiate between the two.Many of us would see as needs some items that are far beyond food,clothing,and sheltter. 1.According to the passage,the word“market”can be used in different occasions and thereforeacquire different meanings.( )2.The sentence“…there is a farm market for petroleum products.”indicates that “market”and“demand”are sometimes synonyms.( )3.In the commercial field,the concept of market involves only people with wants.( )4.The words “needs”and “wants”can be used synonymously and interchangeably because theyboth suggest the lack of something.( )5.The passage is mainly about why people are confused with needs and wants.( )Ⅳ.单项选择题(每题2分，共20分)Choose one answer that best explains the underlined part or what is required in the following statements.1.In April,the EC imposed a ban on livestock,meat,and dairy products from 18 eastern countries following an outbreak of hoof and mouth disease in Croatia.( )A.levied a high tariffB.adopted quota systemC.limited the import volumeD.shut out imports2.Hire a commission buying agent who finds sources abroad on behalf of the principal.( )A.head of an educational institutionB.person who commits a crimeC.main actor or performerD.one who employs another to act as his agent3.An in-ouse service gives managers direct contact with foreign suppliers, an advantage to a firm that has a large volume of overseas purchasing.( )A.a business carried on in shelter,not in openB.a deal concluded in one's own countryC.an entertainments given to suppliersD.a negotiation with the supplier in one's own company4.But it often allows the purchaser a say in product specifications.( )A.revision to his requirementsB.room for bargainingC.right to decideD.presentation of complaint5.It is also the only way to ensure product exclusivity.( )A.right of only sale of a product,not shared by othersB.a competitive edge in sale of a productC.an advantage over other firms in sale of a productD.a small number of a product only6.Direct buying enables companies to do a better job of product development with key vendors.( )A.producersB.sellersC.consumersD.buyers7.Officials on both sides were optimistic that a deal on farming,which would unlock the rest of the round,was within reach.( )A.solveB.openC.tightenD.close8.Sony had to shrink 2,000 components into a space one quarter the size they occupy in a conventional camcorder.( )A.condenseB.add up toC.leave offD.make lighter9.With a target to aim at,the coverers know that the innovation is at least technically feasible.( )A.strongB.stableC.advancedD.possible10.Tourists enterprises and any other service industry outside the zone are not entitled to any special status.( )A.have no power toB.are not interested inC.have no right toD.are not obliged toⅤ.英译汉(每题4分，共40分)Translate the following sentences into Chinese.1.We will also implement the “going out”strategy,encouraging viable enterprises to invest abroad.This will enable us to take advantage of both the domestic and international markets.2.After China joins the WTO,consumers on the mainland will start to find more choices in their shops,including many new items from overseas.3.International marketing is important because the world has become globalized.International marketing takes place all around us every day, and has a major effect on our lives.4.Technology transfer is the transfer of systematic knowledge for the manufacture of a product,for the application of a process,or for the rendering of a service.The elements of the transfer are “human ware”,“soft ware”and “hard w\are”.5.Foreign direct investment tends to transfer assets from the developed world to the developing world.But the pattern is not entirely simple.6.We are not safely beyond a backlash against the new world of competition.7.Hong Kong and Korea didn't invent new or more efficient manufacturing techniques.They simply bought market share with low wages.8.Globalisation has aroused worries in many rich countries that free trade with much poorer countries threatens jobs and prosperity.This was plain in last year's debate in the United States over expanding the North American Free Trade Agreement.9.The world economy has sneezed,the mainland's export sector has caught a cold,and Hong Kong is suffering from influenza.There is no quick cure medication.10.The company's new formula was designed partly to keep Coke's sales growing overseas. Compared with Americans,who guzzle more soda than water,the rest of world is still in the sipping stage.Ⅵ.短文提问(每题2分，共10分)Read the following passage and answer the questions in English.Given the stakes involved,it's not surprising that the issue has become politically volatile.The outspoken opposition leaders of the National Assembly routinely criticize the government forgranting special tax breaks to the chaebol,which they argue have impeded the growth of small businesses and stymied entrepreneurship.1.What does “given”mean here?2.What is “the stakes”?3.Why was the government criticized by the outspoken opposition leaders?4.Give one synonym for “businesses”.5.What is the meaning of “involved”here?。
外刊经贸知识选读复习（自考）课后习题答案
外刊经贸知识选读复习（自考）课后习题答案三、课后问题：1、What‘s the meaning of ―the pattern of China‘s foreign trade‖?―The pattern of China‘s foreign trade‖ refers chiefly(主要的) to thecommodity structure of China‘s foreign trade and her trade partnership with theworld.2、What kind of clause is introduced by ―when‖ in the sentence of the thirdparagraph, section 1? An adverbial (状语) clause or an attributive (定语)one?An attributive clause3、“Official recognit ion that foreign technology could playa major role inmodernizing the Chinese economy had caused imports to rise by more than50 per cent in 1978 placing undue strain （过度负担）on the nationaleconomy.‖(中国政府认识到，国外技术对本国经济现代化作用重大，这使1978年中国的进口额增长了50%以上，结果国民经济背上了沉重的负担。
) Why did the more than 50% rise in imports of 1978 place undue strain on C hina‘s national economy?More foreign exchanges(外汇) is required for more imports. All sections of China‘s national economy would have to work harder and better to export andearn more for the imports increased.4、What‘s ―a net grain exporter(粮食净出口国)‖? Does it mean one who hasnever done any imports?“A net grain exporter‖ should be one who has done both imports and exportsof the item, but finally exported more than imported withina period of time.5、―The strong increase in imports last year is att ributed to buoyant economicactivity as well as to the success of the Government‘s trade and foreigninvestment policies.‖(去年进口额的大大增加不仅是由于政府贸易政策与对外投资政策的成功，而且是由于趋于上升的经济。
自考00096外刊经贸知识选读生词,重点词组,课后问答Lesson5-10
自考00096外刊经贸知识选读生词,重点词组,课后问答Lesson5-10Lesson 5 关于美国的贸易策略与政策( On the US Strategy and Policy in Trade)一、译文：美国已做好准备任其贸易关系恶化华盛顿邮报通讯社彼得.贝尔华盛顿电——克林顿政府正在开始制定一个更为强硬的美国贸易政策，这向欧洲和日本发出信号，它将会为美国出口要求更公平的待遇，并且克林顿政府已经做准备，任凭其与贸易伙伴的关系在好转之前先恶化。
上周传来了最强烈的信号，美国贸易代表米奇.坎特迅速指出有12个成员国的欧共体“不可容忍”的歧视那些寻求与欧共体签订政府协议的美国公司。
坎特先生说，弱国欧共体的政策不加以改变的话，美国政府在六个月内就要开始报复。
本周对于熟悉克林顿政府的官员和国会消息灵通人士的采访中，他们透露了新政府贸易政策的初始主题。
其要点有：坚决主张欧洲和日本答应给予美国出口公司进入欧洲和日本市场的机会，就如外国公司在美国的道德待遇一样，从而创造一个“公平竞争领域“二、重要词组：1、tough强硬的*2、Clinton administration克林顿政府3、get better 好转4、be prepared to do something有准备的、准备好的5、trading partners 贸易伙伴6、move 提议、提出*7、discrimination against 歧视….*8、retaliate 报复*9、trade representative 贸易代表10、trade policies 贸易政策11、sanctions 制裁*12、trade sanctions 贸易制裁13、sanctions on 制裁……14、trade barrier 贸易壁垒15、escalate 逐步升高、逐步上升16、escalate into sth.17、protectionism 贸易保护主义19、the future of 前景20、trade surplus 贸易赤字21、results-oriented 结果导向22、frictions 摩擦、冲突、矛盾23、a range of 一系列的24、North American Free-Trade Agreement (NAFTA)北美自由贸易协定25、trade priority 贸易优先权26、live with the consequences 承受后果27、trade hawks 贸易鹰派、贸易强硬派28、procurement 采购*29、government procurement 政府采购30、stick by our guns 坚持己见31、balanced against 与……相对32、free-trade agreement 自由贸易协定33、business 商会34、bully 威吓*35、get off 开始36、trade signals 贸易信号课后问题1、“The Clinton administration is drawing the first lines of tougher U.S. policy on trade, signaling to Europe and Japan that it will demand fairer treatment for American exports and is prepared to see relationships with U.S. trading partners get worsebefore they get better.” 克林顿政府正在开始制定一个更为强硬的美国贸易政策，这向欧洲和日本发出信号，它将会为美国出口要求更公平的待遇，并且克林顿政府已经做准备，任凭其与贸易伙伴的关系在好转之前先恶化。
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现在美国公司和中国之间的不信任正在上升 美中两国在经贸合作的过程中既有亮点，也 有摩擦点，中国经济发展势头迅猛，这也为 美国农产品、工业品和服务出口提供了巨大 的市场空间，中国将日益成为美国等国家至 关重要的出口市场
Lesson 5
Q1:What attitude did the U.S. administration take towards the new GATT? Q2:Please list the divergent reactions to the Clinton administration’s trade policy. Q3:What could be the strong evidence to support the more aggressive policy?
2. retaliate 报复；回敬 报复； If we raise our import duties on their goods,they may retaliate against us. 如果我们提高他们的货物的进口税， 如果我们提高他们的货物的进口税，他们可 能要对我们进行报复。 能要对我们进行报复。 to retaliate an injustice 因受冤枉而报复 retaliation n. 报复；反击；回敬 报复；反击；
Lesson 5
1. cite vt. 引用；传讯；想起；表彰 引用；传讯；想起； Can you cite another case like this one? 你能举出另一个像这样的例子吗? 你能举出另一个像这样的例子吗 表扬，表彰： 表扬，表彰： He was cited for his outstanding service. 他的出色的服务受到表扬。 他的出色的服务受到表扬。 He was cited in divorce proceedings. 他因离婚案被传讯。 他因离婚案被传讯。
NAFTA的效应
一方面由于贸易创造效应扩大了区域内贸易， 另一方面由于贸易转移效应而对区域外向区 域内出口构成不利影响。 美加，由于大量劳动密集型企业迁移到墨西 哥，导致大批工人失业。在墨西哥，由于面 临美加巨型跨国公司的竞争，在资本与技术 密集型等高端产业内的民族资本纷纷萎缩， 同样面临美加农业集约化生产的竞争，墨西 哥农民的利益受到严重威胁
NAFTA
NAFTA是 North American Free Trade Agreement 的简 称， 由美、加、墨 三国组成，在1994年1月1 日正式生效。协议规定三个国家在15年内须排除所 有贸易障碍， 让这个人口3 亿6千万的地区成为世 界第二大的自由贸易 区(free trade area) ，谨次于 欧盟的3亿7千万人口。 自由贸易区内的国 家，货 物可以互相流通并免关税，同时亦要合力排除其它 的非关税 障碍，如配额(quota) 、外汇管制 、进口 许可证(import license)、进口保证金等等。但对贸 易区以外的国家，则可以维持关税及障碍。
4. escalate vi. 逐步增强；逐步升高 逐步增强； vt. 使逐步上升 The local war escalated into a major conflict. 局部的战争逐步升级成大规模的冲突。 局部的战争逐步升级成大规模的冲突。 The cost of living is escalating. 生活费用越来越高。 生活费用越来越高。
9. instigate唆使；煽动；教唆；怂恿 to instigate somebody to do something 唆使某人做某事 It would not prove worthwhile to instigate a nuclear attack. 挑起核攻击最终是不值得的。
10. clash 1.碰撞，猛撞: He clashed against the streetlight and hurt his head. 他撞到路灯杆上，碰伤了头。 2.发生冲突；抵触： The two parties clashed in the conference. 在会议中双方意见发生冲突。
二、句子翻译：
Administration officials see little risk that this more aggressive policy could escalate into a full-fledged trade war that would shock the world“s fragile economies. Thus， the administration will not be deterred by complaints that it has moved to ”protectionism.“ 对于这种更加大胆的政策会升级为震动世界脆 弱经济的全面贸易战争，政府官员认为这种危险的 可能性很小，因此虽有人抱怨美国已趋向“贸易保 护主义”，政府不会受其阻碍。
3. impose vi. 利用；欺骗；施加影响 利用；欺骗； vt. 强加；征税；以…欺骗 强加；征税； 欺骗 He always tries to impose his opinion on others. 他总是想强迫别人接受他的意见。 他总是想强迫别人接受他的意见。 to impose upon somebody's kindness 利用某人的心地善良 The host country may impose foreign exchange control. 东道国则可能强行实施外汇管制。 东道国则可能强行实施外汇管制。
7.tactial
8. procurement n. 采购；获得，取得 采购；获得， And procurement teams are beating up consultants on price. 而采购团队会在价格上打压咨询机构。 而采购团队会在价格上打压咨询机构。 procure vt. 获得，取得；导致 获得，取得； to procure an agreement 达成协议 Can you procure some tickets for me? 你能替我弄到一些票吗? 你能替我弄到一些票吗
当前美国新贸易形势
奥巴马政府当天向国会提交的《２０１１年 总统贸易政策日程》的主要目标包括实施美 韩自由贸易协定、解决与巴拿马和哥伦比亚 的贸易协定问题、促使跨太平洋伙伴关系谈 判和世界贸易组织框架下的多哈回合谈判取 得实质进展以及讨论俄罗斯加入世界贸易组 织问题等。
总统贸易政策日程反映了政府承诺实施聚焦 就业、惠及美国企业和雇员的综合贸易政策 贸易只占美国经济总量的13％，美国人并不 是会经常想到贸易，不像在韩国、新加坡或 德国等国家，贸易占到他们经济总量的百分 之八九十。 美国目前有与韩国、哥伦比亚和巴拿马的三 份自由贸易协定待国会批准。如果协定生效， 预计可以把美国的出口市场扩大一亿人口 。 实现5年内使出口翻番的目标
clash
3.不调和，不协调；不一致； The colour of her hat clashed with the colour of her dress. 她帽子的颜色与衣服的颜色不协调。
总结： 一、术语： trade representative 贸易谈判代表 government procurement 政府采购 NAFTA （ North America Free Trade Agreements ）北美自由贸易协定 trade sanctions 贸易制裁 trade hawks 贸易中主张强硬路线的鹰派人物
6. friction n. 摩擦，[力] 摩擦力 摩擦， 力 Changes in your home environment may cause friction. 家中环境变化可能会引发矛盾。 家中环境变化可能会引发矛盾。 We can see that friction is not always bad things. 我们可以看到摩擦并非总是坏事情。 我们可以看到摩擦并非总是坏事情。
NAFTA的影响
依据美国对外贸易统计资料显示：北美自由 贸易区自1994年成立后，至2000年，美国与 墨西哥两国进口贸易总额每年均呈显著的成 长，美国输往加拿大的成长，在四年前呈大 幅增加，自1998年开始呈递减的趋势，美国、 墨西哥之间因北美自由贸易区使得墨西哥出 口至美国受惠最大。加拿大经济也取得了较 快的发展。
美国从中至少获得了四个方面的利益： 扩大了对加、墨两国的出口； 能够进入墨西哥的能源、金融、电讯和服务 等领域； 可以充分利用墨西哥的廉价劳动力； 增强了国际竞争力。
加拿大获得的利益主要包括扩大了对美、墨 两国出口，促进了对美、墨两国投资，提高 了劳动生产率等。 而作为发展中国家的墨西哥是北美自由贸易 区的最大受益者，北美自由贸易区促进其国 内的经济增长，吸引了大量外资，并引进了 先进技术和管理经验。
5.result-oriented以结果为导向的 以结果为导向的 You are a team player with outstanding communication skills, and a resultsoriented attitude. 你是一个团队协作者， 你是一个团队协作者，拥有出色的沟通技巧 和关注结果的态度。 和关注结果的态度。 He is goal-oriented and dri果驱使。 market-oriented export-oriented