英国国家概况练习题(英国)
专业英语八级英国国家概况(英国历史)模拟试卷1(题后含答案及解析)
专业英语八级英国国家概况（英国历史）模拟试卷1(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1.A．Queen Elizabeth IB．Queen VictoriaC．Queen Mary ID．Henry VIII正确答案：B解析：Queen Victoria(维多利亚女王)是英国历史上在位时间最长的君主，一方面源于英国世界第一的强大经济和军事地位，一方面也源于维多利亚女王本身非常虔诚和保守的生活方式。
维多利亚时期，英国繁荣稳定，全民氛围积极乐观向上，是英国历史上最鼎盛的时期。
知识模块：英国历史29．An empire “on which the sun never sets” is a nickname of the Britain during the reign ofA．Queen Elizabeth IB．Queen VictoriaC．Queen Mary ID．Henry VIII正确答案：B解析：如上题所述Queen Victorian Age(维多利亚时期)是英国历史上最鼎盛的时期。
后半期还见证了疯狂的殖民扩张和帝国主义的发展，由于强大的经济和军事实力，英国的殖民地遍布全球，因此，英国也被称为“日不落帝国”。
知识模块：英国历史30．The Whigs and the Tories originated from the Glorious Revolution became______in the mid-19th century.A．the Liberal Party and the Conservative PartyB．the Labor Party and the Conservative PartyC．the Liberal Party and the Republican PartyD．the Labor Party and the Republican Party正确答案：A解析：辉格党和托利党源于光荣革命。
英国国家概况选择题-文档资料
Multiple Choice
7. The mountain system the Pennines is often called the backbone of _______. A. England B. Scotland C. Great Britain D. Ireland
7
Multiple Choice
5
Multiple Choice
6. The British Empire was replaced by the British Commonwealth or the Commonwealth of Nations in __________. A. 1921 B. 1931 C. 1945 D. 1950
3. About 80,000 Scots speak Gaelic which is an ancient _________. A. Scottish language B. English language C. Irish language D. Celtic language
12
Multiple Choice
6. The ancestors of the Welsh were the ancient __________. A. Celts B. Romans C. Normans D. Britons
8. The regional capital of Northern Ireland is _______. A. Glasgow B. Edinburgh C. Cardiff D. Belfast
8
Multiple Choice
9. Which of the following statements about the climate in Britain is NOT true? A. Britain’s climate is of the maritime type. B. Winters in Britain are extremely cold. C. Summers in Britain are cool. D. Britain is warmer than Harbin in winter.
英美国家概况之英国
填空题Chapter 11.The British Isles are situated in the northwest of Europe. They are cut off from the continent by the English Channel. On the north and the east the Isles face the North Sea,and on the west they face the Atlantic Ocean. The full title of the United Kingdom is The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.3.Before the early 20th century, Northern Ireland was part of Ireland as a whole. In 1920, it become part of the United Kingdom, with a separated parliament and self-government. There were originally six countries in Northern Ireland. But since 1973 it has a single-tier system of 26 administrative districts.4.The climate in Britain is moderated by the Atlantic Gulf Stream, and is much milder than that of many places in the same latitude. The climate is generally equable, but the day to day conditions are changeable.Chapter 21.The Welsh, the Scots, the Irish are the descendants of Celts who came from Europe to the British Isles centuries before the Roman invasion. It was these people whom the Germanic Anglos and Saxons conquered in the5th and 6th centuries AD. These Germanic conquerors were conquered in turn by the Norman French, whenWilliam of Normandy landed near Hastings in 1066. It was from the union of Norman conquerors and the Anglo-Saxons that the English people and the English language were born.2.Cockney English is very rich in slang,especially rhyming slang. The second part of the rhyming slang is often omitted.4.Wales is an ancient Celtic language. In 1535 Welsh was forbidden as an official language, but in 1965 it was given equality with English for all official use in Wales. Welsh literature dates back to the 6th century AD. Much early Welsh poetry is heroic or elegiac, and concerns pre -Christian heroes, and their exploits. Welsh literature had a profound influence in medieval Europe, as it is the source both of Arthurian legend and that of the Holy Grail. From 15th century on ward classical Welsh literature declined.Chapter 31.Soon after 700 BC the Celts from upper Rhine Land of northwest Europe came to settle on the British Isles. The first wave of Celtic invaders was the Gales, whose language is still spoken in Scotland. From about 500 BC another group of Celts called Brythons came and drove the Gales to the north and west. From the Brythons came the English name for Britain. A third wave, Belgae from Northern Gaul, arrived about 100 BC and occupied the greater part of what are now known as the Home Counties.2.The Roman occupation of Britain lasted nearly 400 years, and it was the Roman who brought Christianity to England.5.The Norman Conquest was in effect a French conquest and the imposition upon England of a ruling French aristocracy. In the consequence, Norman-French of the conquerors replace English as an authoritative language in England. English became lower-class language. It was not until 14th century that English again became the language of richer and cultural class. So Middle English(1150-1450) was strongly modified by an extensive infusion of French vocabulary. Chapter 44.The Great Chapter was signed by King John in 1215. This feudal contract guaranteed the barons’traditional feudal rights. It was chiefly important as an expressing of the principle of limited government; it forward the idea that the king was bound by the law of the land. The right of revolt against unjust government was spelled out in the document. This was to be a factor in the American Revolution. The Great Chapter is traditionally regarded as the basis of English liberties.6.The Black Death struck Europe in the middle of the 14th century and reached England in the summer of 1348.The sudden and violent effect in England was the fall in the population, and consequently in the labor force. The government tried to check this by the Statue ofLabourers of 1351, which made it a criminal offence for labourers to demand, or for employers to pay, more than the maximum wages fixed by the justices in the district.Chapter 55.Renaissance means rebirth. The word was first used by Italian scholars in the mid-16th century to express the rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture. But modern scholars are more incline to use the term to express the great variety of changes that Europe underwent politically, economically and culturally between 1450 and 1600.Chapter 63.The Long Parliament lasted for 13 years. During the Civil War, the supporters of Parliament were called Roundheads, while the supporters of the King were called Cavaliers.5.The Habeas Corpus Act has been called one of the four pillars of the British Constitution. The other three includes Magna Carta the Petition of Right of 1628, and the Bill of Rights of 1689.6.In June 1688, both Whigs and Tories invited William and Mary to become the joint rulers of England. This is the famous bloodless or so-called Glorious Revolution of 1688. Since then every English Monarch rules the country by permission of Parliament.Chapter 71.The first Prime Minister in English history was Sir Robert Walpole.3.The Industrial Revolution in Britain started in the second half of the 18th century, and first began in the textile industry.issez faire doctrine means that the government should not interfere economic affaires of private enterprise, and that government should be merely an omnipresent policeman protecting property and compelling the performance of contracts. It soon came to include such ideas as the Sanctity of private property and rights of freedom of contract and free competition; thus, it became the opposite of mercantilism.Chapter 81.The Corn Laws were originally planned to protect English home-grown corn from competition from imported foreign corn, their existence made for higher food prices, and assumed the superior importance of agricultural interests over urban industrial interests.2.Under the Prime Minister Disraeli, the second Reform Bill was passed in 1867. It actually granted nearly universal manhood suffrage in cities. But millions of rural workers still remained voteless. Chapter 121.The United Kingdom has a two-party system. The present two major parties are the Conservative and the Labour parties.2.In 1916the Liberal Party split into two halves, and soon lost its place to the Labour Party.名词解释Chapter 2John Bull:the personification of England or the English. It was created by the writer John Arbuthnot in his satire The History of John Bull. Traditionally depicted as a short stock figure. John Bull was renowned for his bluntness, obstinacy and honesty. Presbyterianism(长老会): Protestant Christian form of church government, which follows the theology and church order of John Calvin. It is based on the Calvinist interpretation of the Bible that regards all members of the Church as equal under Christ. Thus, leaders of the Church are elected by the members rather than installed by a hierarchy of bishops.Chapter 3Danelaw: the code of Dane law. The term can also refer to the part of England that was ruled by Dane law. It was the price England had to pay for a century of peace with the Danes.Chapter 4P192 亨利二世The Black DeathChapter 5Transubstantiation(化体论): Roman Catholic doctrine that the sacramental elements of bread and wine, when consecrated in the Mass, are changed into the body and blood of the risen Christ. It is one of the mysteries of the Christian faith, and still a belief of the Catholic Church.Chapter 6Divine right: This is a Doctrine which states that the king derives his authority from God, not people. The supreme authority of the state is personified in the king, but God could eliminated any king he did not like. It arose in France at the time of Renaissance and gave kings a basis for absolute power.Noncon formists: the members of any Protestant church except the Church of England.Chapter 7MP: Member of Parliament“rotten borough”: one of the parliamentary constituencies in Britainbefore 1832. It held the right to elect members of parliament even though the population was reduced or even non-existent.Blood Mary: Queen of England and Ireland, so called because of her execution of numerous Protestants简答题Chapter 11.How do you describe the land features of Great Britain?3.Do you think Britain has a changeable weather? Why?Chapter22. What is “eisteddfod”?3.Why are the Highlanders called “ladies from hell”?Chapter 34. What were the consequences of the Norman Conquest?1.What was the Roman influence over Britain?3.Why do we say King Alfred was even greater in peace than he was in war?Chapter 41.How did King Henry II reform the courts and law in England?2.Why was King John nicknamed “King of Lackland”3.What’s the significance of the Great Chapter?4.How did the English Parliament come into being?Chapter 5(无.4)2.How and why did the Reformation take place in England?4.What were the distinctive features of the English Renaissance?Chapter 65.Why did the Restoration take place?6.What do you know about the Glorious Revolution?Chapter 71.How did the Primary Ministry in Britain come into being?2.Why was Britain the first country to start the Industrial Revolution?3.What were the causes for the failure of the Chartist Movement?Chapter 82.How did the three reform bills enlarge the suffrage?。
英国国家概况练习题(英国)
8. The Tories were the forerunners of _____, which still bears this nickname today.
A. the Labor Party B. the Conservative Party C. the Liberal Party D. the Social Democratic Party
21.The two important crops in Britain are ____
A barley and corn B wheat and rice
C barley and oats
D. wheat and barley
22.In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 ____
A the House Lord and the House of Commons B the House and the Senate C the Queen and the House of Lords D. the Sovereign, the House of Lords and the House of Commons
17. In Britain, education is compulsory for children between the ages of _____ to _____. A 5, 14 B 6, 17 C. 5, 16 D 6, 14 18. The general election in Britain is held every ____ years. A four B three C six D. five
C. third largest
英语国家概况全知识点题库题目汇编含答案
英语国家概况全知识点题库题目汇编含答案British Survey Test Part I Geography2. England occupies the _____ portion of the U.K. A. northern B. eastern C. southern D . western3. The most important part of the U.K. in wealth is _____. A. Northern Ireland B. England C. Scotland D. Welsh 12. London is situated on the River of _____. A. Parret B. Thames C. Spey D. Severn43. _____ includes London, the centre of government for the whole nation. A. Scotland B. Northern Ireland C. Wales D. England1.The capital of Australia is( ).A.CanberraB.SydneyC.DarwinD.MelbourneThe English Channel separates the island of Great Britain from _______ A. Denmark B. Belgium C. The Netherlands D.France3. Australia’s National Day falls on( ), the date of the first European settlement in Australia. A.January 26 B.February 15 C.July 4D.November 116.( )granted Canada full legislative authority in domestic and external affairs. A.Peace TreatyB.British American ActC.Act of UnionD.Statute of Westminster8. General elections are held about every( )years in New Zealand with two main parties competing with each other. A.3 B.4 C.2 D.59. Most of Canada’s French Canadians live in the Province of( )A.QuebecB.OntarioC.Nova ScotiaD.Saskatchewan14. Education in Britain is generally supported by( ). A.students themselves B.private sourcesC.public fundsD.businesses19. Abraham Lincoln belonged to( ). A.the Federalist Party B.the Republican Party C.the Whig PartyD.the Democratic Party20. Among the following,( )does not belong to New England, the birthplace of America. A.New Hampshire B.SeattleC.VermontD.Rhode IslandUnion Jack refers to the National Flag of ________. A. the U.K. B. the U.S. C. Australia D. CanadaCBBDD ADAA CBBA1.A2.B3.A4.D5.C6.D7.C8.A9.A 10.B 11.C 12.D 13.D 14.C 15.A 16.C 17.C 18.B 19.B 20.B1. The U.K. is situated in _____ Europe.2. The full title of the U.K. is the United Kingdom of _____ _____ and _____ _____.3. The U.K. consists of England, _____, _____ and Northern Ireland.4. The largest part of U.K. is _____.5. The capital of England and of Great Britain is _____.6. _____ _____ is composed of six Irish counties that elected to remain in the union with Great Britain.7. The name United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was replaced by the present name after the 26 counties of Ireland obtained autonomy in _____. 8. The highest mountain in Britain is _____ _____.9. The “Backbone of England” refers to the _____.10. Natural gas was discovered in Britain in the _____ _____. 11. The most important river is the River of _____. 12. The political centre of the Commonwealth is _____. 13. Belfast Lough and Lough Neagh lie in _____ _____.14. The climate of Britain is moderated by the _____ _____ _____ and is much milder than that of many places in the same latitude.15. Britain’s Industrial Revolution took place between _____ and _____. 16. The Bank of England was founded in _____.17. The population of the U.K. is more than _____ million. 18. Britain is basically an exporter of _____.19. The population of the U.K. consists of the English, the Welsh, the Scottish and the _____. 20. In Wales many people speak _____.21. People sing the national anthem in _____.22. The earliest invasion is that by the _____-haired Mediterranean race called the Iberians. 23. The modern _____ and _____ are the descendants of the Gaels of the Celtic tribes. 24. The Britons of the Celtic tribes were the forefathers of the modern _____.25. Greater London is made up of 12 _____ London boroughs and _____ Outer London boroughs. 26. The International festival of music and the arts is held every year in the city of _____. 27. The British national anthem is _____ _____ _____ _____. 28. The U.K. lies to the _____ of France.29. Westminster, the area of central government administration is situated in the _____ End. 30. River _____ flows through Glasgow. 31. Mt. Seafell stands in _____.32. The source of the River _____ is in the Cotswolds. 33. The capital city of Wales is _____.34. The United Kingdom is rich in _____, iron, tin, copper, lead and silver. 35. Define the Following Terms 36. “Backbone of England” 37. Greater London 38. Celts39. The “Irish Question”I. Answer the Following Questions1. What are the major factors influencing the British weather characterized by a moderate temperature and plenty of rainfall?2. Why is United Kingdom said to be a trading nation?3. What are the general characteristics of the British economy?英美概况一答案Part I I.DCBAA CAAAB ABBBB ABABD ACACB CBBCD BADAA CBABA CBD II.Northwestern Great Britain, Northern Ireland Scottish, Welsh England London Northern Ireland 1921 Ben Nevis Pennines North Sea Thames London Northern Ireland Atlantic Gulf Stream 1750, 1850 1694 57 manufacture Irish Welsh English dark Scots, Irish Welsh Inner, 20 Edinburgh God Save the Queen North West Clyde England Thames Cardiff coal英美概况英国历史部分History1. Julius Caesar invaded Britain _____.A. onceB. twiceC. three timesD. four times 2. King Arthur was the king of _____.A. PictsB. CeltsC. ScotsD. Jutes 3. The first “King of the English” was _____.A. AlfredB. EgbertC. BedeD. Ethelred4. Christianity was introduced into England in the late _____ century. A. 14th B. 8th C. 6th5. In 1653 _____ was made Lord Protector for life.A. Oliver CromwellB. Charles IC. William IID. James I6. The three great Germanic tribes: the Anglos, the _____ and the Jutes which invaded Britain form the basis of the modern British people.A. SaxonsB. ScotsC. WelshD. Wessex7. The head of the church in Anglo-Saxon times was _____. A. the King of Denmark and Norway B. the king of England C. Julius CaesarD. the Archbishop of Canterbury 8. The _____ invaded England in the earliest time. A. Danes B. Iberians C. Romans D. Celts9. The Vikings who invaded England at the turn of the 8th century came from _____. A. Norway B. Denmark C. France D. both A and B10. Edward was known as the “_____” becau se of his reputation for saintliness.] A. Confessor B. Conqueror C. Protector 11. Norman Conquest began in _____.A. 1016B. 1066C. 1035D. 110612. In history _____ was nicknamed “King of Lackland”. A. John B. Henry I C. Henry II13. In 1181 Henry II issued the _____ which made it compulsory for every freeman in England tobe provided with arms.A. Inquest of SheriffsB. Assize of ArmsC. Doomsday Book14. Henry Plantagenet, in 1154, established the House of Angevin as _____. A. Henry I B. Henry II C. Henry III15. Henry II appointed in 1162 _____ Archbishop of Canterbury. A. Thomas Becket B. Stephen Langton C. Simon de Mortfort 16. CharlesI was beheaded in _____. A. 1649 B. 1648 C. 165317. It was _____ who summoned Model Parliament in 1295. A. Edward I B. Henry IV C. Simon de Montfort 18. The Great Charter contained _____ sets of provisions. A. two B. four C. three19. The Peasants Uprising in 1381 was led by _____. A. Henry Turner B. Watt Tyler C. Richard 20. The English Church was strictly _____.A. nationalB. internationalC. regional21. The Glorious Revolution in 1688 was in nature a _____. A. coup d’etat B. racial slaughter C. peasant rising22. The Industrial Revolution laid a good foundation for the _____.A. factory of the worldB. expansion of marketsC. social upheaval23. The American Revolution (the American War of Independence) broke out in _____ and ended in _____.A. 1775, 1783B. 1774, 1782C. 1786, 1784D.1778, 1789 24. The Battle of Hastings took place in _____. A. 1606 B. 1042 C. 106625. The Great Charter was signed by _____ in 1215. A. King Henry II B. King Richard C. King John26. In the early 14th century feudalism began to _____ in England.A. growB. flourishC. declineD. end27. It was _____ who published the book “The Rights of Man”. A. Thomas More B. Thomas Paine C. Thomas Jefferson 28. The first Prime Minister was _____.A. WilmintonB. George GrenvilleC. Robert Walpole29. The Parliament of 1265 which is known as the “_____” is considered the “beginning of parliament”.A. All Estates ParliamentB. Model ParliamentC. Long Parliament30. The Anglo-French hostility which began in 1337 and ended in 1453 was known as _____. A. the Wars of Roses B. the Hundred Years’ War C. Peasant Uprising31. In the first half of 17th century _____ grow rapidly in England.A. feudalismB. capitalismC. Catholicism32. Prime Minister _____ resisted any reform that could be resisted.。
英语国家概况(课后问答题).docx
英语国家概况（课后问答题）第一部分英国概况1 What are the differences between Britain and the British Isles, Great Britain, England, the UnitedKingdom and the British Commonwealth?Britain is the shortened form of the United kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland while the British Isles is a geographical name.2 What are the three political divisions on the island of Great Britain?They are England, Scotland and Wales3.What is the official name ofGreat Britain ？The United Kingdom of Great Britainand Northern Ireland4. Where did the King Harold defeatTostig and Harold Hardrada?( At Stanford Bridge)5.What did William do after hesuppressed镇压the Saxon risings in the north?(He built a string of defense 防卫castles to ensure his military control ofthe whole country.)6.How long was Britain under the Roman occupation?( For nearly 400 years)7 What was the peculiar features ofthe feudal system of England?(All landowners, whether the tenants-in-chief or subtenants, took the oath ofallegiance for the land they held, notonly to their immediate lord, but also tothe king.)8 What did Willliam I leave to hissons after he died?( He left Normandy to his eldest son,Robert, and England to his second sonWilliam, and a large sum of money tohis third son, Henry.)9 What was William I ’ spolicytowards the church?(He wanted to keep it completely underhis control, but at the same time toupload its power.)10 When was the Domesday Bookcompleted?( In 1086)11 What was the consequence of theHundred Years ’ War?(The French drove the English out oftheir land. By 1453, Calais was the onlypart of France that was still in the handsof English)12 What did the Lollards preach?(The Lollards preached the equality ofmen before God)13 What were the twocountriesElizabeth I successfully played offagainst each other for nearly30years?( France and Spain were the twocountries that Elizabeth I successfullyplayed off against each other for nearly30 years)14 What was the outcome 结果ofthe English Civil War?(It not only overthrew feudal system inEngland but also shook the foundationof the feudal rule in Europe. It isgenerally regarded as the beginning ofmodern world history.)15 What were the three main causesof Henry VIII’religious reform ofthe Church?( The three main causes were: a desirefor change and reform in the Churchhad been growing for many years andnow, encouraged by the success ofMarin Luther, many people believed itstime had come; the privilege and wealthof the clergy were also resented; andHenry needed money)16 Which party did MargaretThatcher represent in the 1970s?(She represented the ConservativeParty)17 What did the Whigs stand for inthe early 19 th century?Whigs stood for a reduction in Crownpatronage,sympathy towardsNonconformists, and care for theinterests of merchants and bankers.18 Why did changes in farmingmethods改变耕作方式 affect lives ofmillions in the 18th century?(Because village and agriculture werethe backbone of England at that time.)19 When did Britain finally becomea full member of the EuropeanEconomic Community?(Britain finally became a full memberof the European Economic Communityin January, 1973)没背20 Why was Mrs. Thatcherremoved from office in 1990?(It was because of her opposition toEuropean Union and her imposition of anextremely unpopular flatrate ‘ polltax ’in place of property taxes to pay forlocal government service.21 What were the two groups of theChartiests?What was theirdifference?(The Chartists could be divided intotwo groups: the Moral Force Chartistsand the Physical Force Chartists. Theformer wanted to realize their aims bypeaceful means while the latter wantedto achieve their purpose by violence)22 What was the goal of the LondonWorking Men’ s Association in itsstruggle?(It aimed to ‘to seek by every legalmeans to place all classes of society inpossession of equal political and socialrights)精品文库23 Why was Britain known as the (ThethreemainChristianfestivalsin 是 后 果 ， 英 爱 条约 1921 (Violentfactory of the world in the mid-19 thBritain are Christmas. Easter,oppositionandtoWhite treatyby century?Sunday.) ultranationalists led to a civil w(BecausethBritisheconomywas没背42 What was the result ofamong the strongest in the world)33 Who is directly responsible for the24 Who has the power to declare war and make peace in the UK?(TheQueen) 25 How many members ofParliament does the House ofCommons in the UK consist of ?NHS in Britain?谁直接负责国民保growing Irish nationalism in the early decades of the 20thcentury?健制度在英国(Irish nationalism became stron(Centralgovernmentisdirectly even more violent in the early d responsible for the NHS inof Britain)the20century and climaxed in 34 What are the two established EasternUprisingof1916inwhichan Irish Republic was proclaimed. 26 What does the British Parliament没背43Wht happened aftertheEnglish king was declared the headconsist of ?in Scotland)(It consists of the Sovereign, the Houseof the Church of Irelandreplaceing35 Howmany provinces does theof Lords and the House of Commons)the Pope? 英国国王宣布爱尔兰教会Church of England have?领袖代替教皇27Whatdidtheterm ‘parliament ’(Therefollowedcenturiesofreligiousoriginally mean?(TheChurchof Englandhastwo政治迫( It originallymeantmeetingforprovinces: Canterbury and York)parley or discussion)36What is the National Day in害, whichhelpedtostrengthenanddeepen Ireland ’sCatholic spirit.)Britain?第二部美分国部分28 WheredoestheSovereign ’scoronation take place?(The birthday of the British Monarch isa National Day in Britain)1What are the two novels giving a威vivid description of the miserable life斯敏斯特教堂 in London)Great Britain?of the black slaves?(Uncle ’TomsCabin and Roots)29Wheredoesthe Queen ’s (It refers to the Universities of Oxfordand Cambridge)2 What is the reason for the growth expenditure arising from 支出所产生38 What kind of schools are theof population in Florida?的 public duties come from?没背(Florida ’populationsgrowthowesindependent schools in Britain?( The Queen ’sexpenditure arising from(Theindependentschoolsarethose muchtoitsattractivenessbothapublic duties comes from the Civil Listsupportedentirelybfeesandprivateplaceto retireandasa convenientand government departments)placeforbusinesswithandtraveltofuns)30 How is the British House of 39What are the three groups ofCentral and South America)Commons elected?3 When did the higher birth ratenation newspapers?TheHouseofCommonsiselectedby(Theyare quality,popularnd appear in the United States? universal adult suffrage. mid-market papers.) (Thebirthrateappearedduring ‘the影子baby boom ’[1946-1964])？？ 31Whatisa ‘shadowcabinet ’ 40 Which religion in Ireland is the内阁 in Britain?4 When was the Declaration of( Thepartywhichwinsthesecond largest non-Catholic denomination?Independence adopted?largestnumberofseatsinparliament圣 公 会of (It was adopted on July4,1776)(TheAnglicanChurch5Please write any three of thebecomes the Official Opposition and it没背formsits own ‘cabinetknown ’as Irelandis thelargestnon-Catholicdenomination.)13 colonies the British established ‘shadow cabinet ’along the east coast of North32 What are the three main41 What was the consequence ofAmerica between 1607 and没背1733.(Virginia,Maine, Newchurches in Britain?(651Members of Parliament)(TheyaretheChurchofEnglandthe Church of Scotland什么Christian festivals in Britain?the Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921?欢迎下载2Hampshire)6What are the implications of the‘ Manifest Destiny’?The implications of‘ manifest Destiny’ are three fold(1)the inevitability of the founding of the United States of America; 是必然的(2)the legitimacy合法的 of the expansion of America Territory美国领土; (3) the spread of American democracy 美国民主being the task 任务of American people who were chosen to do the Lord’ s work.没背7 What were the two seriousweaknesses of the Articles of Confederation? 邦联条款They were:(1)There was no national executive or law-enforcing branch;没有执行或执法部门(2)Congress 国会was too large a body to function 功能as government. And Congress had no power to raise taxes.国会无权征税8What agreement did America and Britain sign in 1783 by which Britain recognized the independence of the United States? The Treaty of Paris9 What were the features in the colonial period which had influence on later American development?They were representive form of government, rule of law, respect of individual rights, religious tolerance and a strong spirit of individual enterprise.。
英语国家概况练习题
英语国家概况练习题《英语国家概况》英国部分练习题（1-2章）第一章 Land and People 考题I. Different Names for Britain and its Parts：1. The British Isles are made up of________ A. two large islands and hundreds of small ones B. two large islands and Northern Ireland C. three large islands and hundreds of small ones D. three large islands and Northern Ireland2. There are three political divisions on the island of Great Britain. They are_______A. Britain， Scotland and WalesB. England， Scotland and WalesC. Britain， Scotland and IrelandD. England， Scotland and Ireland3. The Commonwealth of Nations is an association of independent countries______A. that have a large number of British immigrantsB. that fought on the side of Britain in the two world warsC. that speak English as their native languageD. that were once colonies of Britain4. About a hundred years ago， as a result of imperialist expansion，Britain ruled an empire that had one fourth of the world's people and ______of the world's land area.A. one thirdB. one fifthC. one fourthD. two fifths答案：选择： 1.A 2.B 3.D 4.C1. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.2. 1949，Dublin 简答1.What are the differences between Britain and the British Isles，Great Britain， England， the United Kingdom and the British Commonwealth？The British Isles， Great Britain and England are geographical names，no the official names of the country， while the official name is the United Kingdom， but the full name is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The British Commonwealth is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain. 2. Describe the geographical position of Britain？Britain is an island country. It lies in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north coast of Europe. It is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the south and the North Sea in the east.3.Whereabouts in Great Britain are mostly highland and lowland？ The north and west of Britain are mainly highland， while the south and south-east are mostly lowlands.4. Does Britain have a favorable climate？ Why？Yes， it has a favorable climate， because it has a maritime type of climate——winters are mild， not too cold and summers are cool， not too hot. It has a steady reliable rainfall throughout the whole year. It has a small range of temperature， too.5. What are the factors which influence the climate in Britain？ Which part of Britain has the most rainfall and which part is the driest？ The factors which influence the climate in Britain are the following three： 1） The surrounding waters balance the seasonal differences； 2） The prevailing south-west winds bring warm and wet air in winter and keep the temperatures moderate；3） The North Atlantic Drift， a warm current， passes the western coast of the British Isles and warms them.The northwestern part has the most rainfall， while the south-eastern corner is the driest.6. Describe the distribution of Britain's population.Britain has a population of 57 million. It is densely populated， with an average of 237people per square kilometer. It is also very unevenly distributed， with 90%of the population in urban areas， 10% in rural areas. Geographically， most British people live in England. Of the total of 57 million people， 47 million live in England； 14 million live in London and Southeastern England.7. What are the three natural zones in Scotland？The three natural zones in Scotland are： the Highlands in the north，the central Lowlands， and the southern Uplands.8. What is the difference between the ancestors of the English and Scots， Welsh and Irish？The ancestors of the English are Anglo-Saxons， while the Scots， Welsh and rash are Celts.9. What are the differences in character and speech between southern England and northern England？ How do the Welsh keep their language and culture alive？The Welsh are emotional and cheerful people. The Scots are hospitable，generous and friendly. Irish are known for their charm and vivacity as well as for the beauty of their Irish girls. Throughout the year they have festivals of song and dance and poetry called Eisteddfodau. On these occasions competitions are held in Welsh poetry， music， singing and art and in this way they keep the Welsh language and Welsh culture alive. 10. What is the main problem in Northern Ireland？Hundreds of years ago Scots and English Protestants were sent to live in Northern Ireland. Since then there has been bitter fighting between the Protestants and the Roman Catholics. The former are the dominantgroup， while the latter are seeking more social， political and economic opportunities. The British Government and the government of Ireland are now working together to bring peace to Northern Ireland.Arrival and settlement of the CeltsBasis of modern English race： the Anglo-Saxons The Viking and Danish invasions King Alfred and his contributions The Norman Conquest and its consequences1 The earliest invasion of England is that by _____.A. the IberianB. the DanesC. the CeltsD. the Anglo-Saxons2 the Celts religion was _____.A. ChristianityB. DruidismC. Norman beliefD. Roman Catholic3 the Anglo-Saxons brought _____ religion to Britain. A. Christian B. Druid C. Roman Catholic D. Teutonic4 The Anglo-Saxons established _____ system， whereby the lord of the manor collected taxes and organized the local army.A. salveB. feudalC. manorial（采邑制度）D. Capitalistic5. The Anglo-Saxons created the _____ to advise the king， the basis of the Privy Council.A. SynodB. Witan（议会）C. Whit byD. Shirt court6. ______ was known as “the father of the British navy”。
英语国家概况（英国部分）
Chapt e r 1 The Land and Histo r y英国全称大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国，由英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士及北爱尔兰构成，位于大西洋东部的不列颠群岛，是个岛屿国家，由大不列颠岛，爱尔兰岛北部和众多小岛组成。
面积约24.40万平方公里，人口超过6400万(2013年)。
英国属于温带海洋气候，常年温和多雨，气候多变。
受高纬度因素的影响，有类似极昼极夜的现象，冬季日短夜长，夏季日长夜短。
公元前3000年左右，伊比亚人最先到达大不列颠岛。
随后，比克利人、凯尔特人相继来到不列颠。
公元前1世纪到公元5世纪，罗马入侵。
罗马人撤离后，欧洲北部的盎格鲁撒克逊人和以丹麦人为主体的斯堪的纳维亚先后入侵。
到了1066年，诺曼底公爵威廉征服了英格兰，英国的封建制度正式形成。
1215年，国王约翰被迫签订了大宪章。
不久，议会制度形成，从此英国的王权被不断削弱和限制。
1688年，―光荣革命‖爆发，确立了君主立宪制。
18世纪后期到19世纪前期，英国成为世界上第一个开始并完成工业革命的国家。
19世纪是英国发展的鼎盛时期，分别建立了第一大英帝国和第二大英帝国。
到二战前夕，英国统治了世界约1/4的土地。
第一次世界大战以及第二次世界大战的爆发，导致英国的政治、经济势力大为削弱，失去了霸权地位。
随着其殖民地的相继独立，20世纪60年代，大英帝国彻底瓦解。
I. Gener a l Intro d ucti o n1. Locat i on and the Four Natio n s The full name of the UK is the Unite d Kingd o m of Great Brita i n and North e rn Irela n d. It is made up of four natio n s: Engla n d, Scotl a nd, North e rn Irela n d, and Wales . It is locat e d to the north w est of conti n enta l Europ e , separ a ted by the Engli s h Chann e l. Geogr a phic a lly, it is an islan d count r y, cover i ng an area of about 244,019 km 2, and consi s ts of Great Brita i n and north e aste r n part of Irela n d, toget h er with many small islan d s of Briti s h Isles . Great Brita i n accou n ts for over 90% of the count r y’stotal landm a ss. It is the large s t islan d off the north w este r n coast of mainl a nd Europ e with Engla n d, Scotl a nd and Wales on it. Irela n d is the secon d large s t islan d of Briti s h Isles locat e d to the north w est of Great Brita i n. It is divid e d into two parts : North e rn Irela n d and the Repub l ic of Irela n d (an indep e nden t count r y).Engla n d is the large s t part of the UK and occup i es most of the south e rn two third s of Great Brita i n. The total area of Engla n d is 130,410 km 2 with a popul a tion of aroun d 53.9 milli o n (Mid-2013 estim a ted), which cover s morethan 84% of the total UK popul a tion . It is the most popul o us and highl y urban i zed part of the UK . Londo n , the capit a l of the UK and Engla n d, as well as the seat of gover n ment , is locat e d in its south e aste rn part.Map of Briti s h Isles Scotla nd is the second larges t and most mounta inous part of the UK in the northof GreatBritai n. Compar ed with that of Englan d, the popula tiondensit y is quitelow. Thereare only 5.3 millio n people with an area of 78,789 km2. Edinbu rgh, its larges t city, is the capita l of Scotla nd. Scotla nd is famous for its beauti ful natura l scener y, such as Scotti s h Highla nds1and Loch Ness2, as well as many histor icalplaces, like the Edinbu rgh Castle s.Walesis on the wester n side of centra l southe rn GreatBritai n. The totalarea of Walesis 20,779 km2, whichaccoun ts for 1/4 partsof the UK. It is also a mounta inous part of GreatBritai n, partic ularl y in the northand centra l region s. The southe ast region is the most builtup region of Wales, and the majori ty of its popula tionlive thereand a largepropor tionof its indust ry is basedthere. Its capita l city, Cardif f, is also in this region.Northe rn Irelan d lies in the northe ast of the island of Irelan d, coveri ng14,139 km2, whichconsti tutes 1/6 of the island. It is the smalle st part amongthe four nation s of the UK, as well as the second sparse ly popula ted part afterScotla nd. The capita l is Belfas t, the larges t city in Northe rn Irelan d both in popula tionand in area. It is the center for govern ment,econom ic, arts, higher educat ion, busine ss, law of Northe rn Irelan d. Additi onall y, it is the birthp laceof Titani c, and votedone of the world’stopdestin ation s.2. Climat eThe overal l climat e in the UK is temper ate mariti me, whichmeansthat it is mild with temper ature s neithe r much lowerthan 0℃ in winter nor much higher 32℃ in summer. Genera lly, the UK has warm summer s and cool winter s, with July and August as the warmes t month, and Januar y and Februa ry as the coldes t. Howeve r, due to the influe nce of Gulf Stream3, the summer s are cooler than thosein contin ent whilethe winter s are milder. Normal ly, the temper ature in summer is around20℃，with the high rarely goingabove30℃. The averag e temper ature in winter is around 0℃ and seldom go below-10℃ even in the most northe rn part of the countr y.Meanwh ile, sinceBritai n is an island countr y and surrou ndedby the sea, the climat e is consid erabl y change ablecompar ed with othercountr ies. Sincethe variab le climat e changi ng day to day, it is hard for people to predic t what the weathe r will be like the next day. Additi onall y, the unique geogra phica l positi on is also the reason for the dampne ss of the climat e. The rainfa ll is fairly distri buted throug houtthe year. Althou gh it does not rain everyday, it is always advisa ble for people to bringan umbrel la or waterp roofclothi ng everyday.II. Histor y1. The Foundi ng of the NationThe record ed histor y of the UK begins with the Romaninvasi on in 55BC. In 55 and 54BC, Britai n was twiceinvade d by Julius Caesar and his Romantroops. Howeve r, it was not until43AD that the Romanled by Claudi us I finall y succes sfull y invade d and Britai n became part of the RomanEmpire. The native Celtic were driven to the mounta in region s of Scotla nd and Wales, whichremain ed unconq uered by the Romans.The Romans have greatimpact on many aspect s of the Britis h cultur e. The Romancivili zatio n was introd ucedto the Britai n during this period. For exampl e, Romanstylebathsand temple s were built, cities like London and townswere constr ucted, and the system of govern mentwas also introd uced. With the declin e of the RomanEmpire, when the German ic troops attack ed Rome in 410 A.D., the Romans had to withdr aw in orderto protec t theirown nation, whichled to the end of Romanoccupa tion.Afterthe leaveof the Romans, threegroups of German ic tribes called the Jutes, the Angles and the Saxons came to Britai n from the Europe an contin ent in the mid-4th centur y. They conque red differ ent region s of Britai n:1Scotti sh Highla nds：苏格兰高地，是对苏格兰高地边界断层以西和以北的山地的称，被认为是欧洲风景最优美的地区。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
1. British Isles is made up of _____.
A. Three large islands and hundreds of small ones B. Two large islands and hundreds of small ones C. Three large islands and dozens of small ones D. Two large islands and dozens of small ones
28. Who were the ancestors of the English and the founders of England? A. The Anglo-Saxon B The Normans C The Vikings D The Romans 29. The car industry in Britain is mostly _____? A state-owned B joint-venture C. foreign-owned D private-owned
21.The two important crops in Britain are ____
A barley and corn B wheat and rice
C barley and oats
D. wheat and barley
22.In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 ____
23. Which of the following is the British oldest daily newspaper?
A The Telegraph C The News of the World A Wales
24. The river Thames is in _____.
9. In the United Kingdom, the party which wins the ____ number of seats in the House of Commons becomes the official Opposition.
A. largest B. second largest
11. _____ created the industrial working class, the proletariat, and it later led to trade unionism. A. The Chartist Movement B. The Industrial Revolution C. The French Revolution D. The Glorious Revolution
17. In Britain, education is compulsory for children between the ages of _____ to _____. A 5, 14 B 6, 17 C. 5, 16 D 6, 14 18. The general election in Britain is held every ____ years. A four B three C six D. five
A can legally receive partly free education B. can legally receive completely free education C can not receive free education at all D can not receive free education if their parents are rich
5. How many members are there in the House of Commons? A. 646 B 524 C 72 D 651
6. Which of the following people didn’t use to be the British Prime Minister? A. Margaret Thatcher B. Winston Churchill C. Horatio Nelson D. John Major
A Swansea C Rhonda B. Cardiff D Belfast
27. There are two major national parties in Britain: the Conservative party and _____. A the Liberal Party B the Democratic Party C. the Labor Party D the Republican Party
B The Guardian D. The Times
B Scotland
C. England
A. 12.1% C 19%
D Northern Ireland
B 21% D 4.3%
25. Blacks accounts for _____ of American population.
26. The Capital of Wales is _____.
30.The election of ____ made Margaret Thatcher to power and she became the first woman prime minister.
A. 1979 B 1980 C 1982 D 1992
31.To its full sense, the British Parliament consist of ____
7. By tradition, the leader of the majority party is appointed _____ by the Sovereign in the United Kingdom. A. Prime Minister B. Member of Parliament C. Lord of appeal D. Speaker of the House
4. During World War II, as a war leader, _____ received massive popular support and led his country to final victory in 1945. A. Harold Wilson B. Edward Heath C. Franklin Roosevelt D. Winston Churchill
2 The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy. The _____ has very little power. A. Queen B. monarch C. prime minister D. king
3 Which party has always had strong links with the trade unions and received financial support from them? A. the Labor Party B. the Conservative Party C. the Liberal Party D. the Social Democratic Party
13. _____ is the leader of the British government. A.Prime Minister B. Queen C. President D. Governor
14. Which work is not one of the four great tragedies written by Shakespeare? A. Hamlet B. Othello C. Macbeth D. Romeo and Juliet 15. _____ introduced Christianity into Britain. A The Celts B. The Romans C The Viking Danes D The French
32.When Oliver Cromwell died in 1658, and was succeeded by his son____, the regime began immediately to collapse. A Henry B Hamilton C. Richard D Charles 33. The Great Charter was signed by _____ in 1215. A. King Henry II B. King Richard C. King John
A the House Lord and the House of Commons B the House and the Senate C the Queen and the House of Lords D. the Sovereign, the House of Lords and the House of Commons
12. _____ became a literary current during the period of the successful Industrial Revolution. A. Criticism B. Modernism C. Romanticism D. Renaissance
34. Which flower is symbol of England? A Thistle B Shamrock C Daffodil D. Rose
35. Who invaded and conquered Britain for the first time in 55 BC? A Emperor Claudius B King Alfred C King Ethelred D. Julius Caesar