[0035]《英美国家概况》

[0035]《英美国家概况》1The River Thames is the famous "mother" river in Britain. Also known as the Thame River, which originated in the Cotswold Hills in southwest England, it has a total length of 346 kilometers. It spans over 10 cities in London, the UK capital, and along rivers. The basin covers an area of13,000 square kilometers and changes in the downstream river in London. Wide, forming an estuary with a width of 29 kilometers, into the North Sea. Upstream in London, there are many places of interest along the Thames, such as Eaton, Oxford, Henry and Windsor. The estuary of the Thames is full of Britain’s busy merchant ships, but its upstream river is known for its static beauty. In the history of the United Kingdom, the Thames River Basin occupies a pivotal position.2It is changeable.3The Industrial Revolution refers to the mechanization of industry and the consequences in social and economic organization in Britain in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Britain was the first country to industrialize6The Comprehensive Secondary School system, instituted before 1960, has been developing rapidly. The system requires children to start receiving school education at the age of 5. After six years of study at primary schools, they a re eleven years old. But the “eleven plus” is no longer required. All pupils from primary schools can be admitted into this kind of secondary schools. After 6 years of study at these secondary schools, pupils reach the school-leaving age 16. All of them are required to sit for national examinations conducted by public examining boards. Those who do not want to receive higher education take easier examinations to win the General Certificate of Secondary Education with which they can leave school and look for full-time paid jobs. Those who want to attend university are required to take different public examinations and the examination papers are more difficult.7The Comprehensive Secondary School system, instituted before 1960, has been developing rapidly. The system requires children to start receiving school education at the age of 5. After six years of study at primary schools, they are eleven years old. But the “eleven plus” is no longer required. All pupils from primary schools can be admitted into this kind of secondary schools. After 6 years of study at these secondary schools, pupils reach the school-leaving age 16. All of them are required to sit for national examinations conducted by public examining boards. Those who do not want to receive higher education take easier examinations to win the General Certificate of Secondary Education with which they can leave school and look for full-time paid jobs. Those who want to attend university are required to take different public examinations and the examination papers are more difficult9：The Mississippi river, also known as “old man river”, is the most important and largest river of theUnited States. Nearly all the rivers west of the Appalachian Mountains and east of the Rockies flow toward each other and empty into this largest river, the “father of waters”, ofAmerica. TheMississippi flows about 6,400 kilometers from its northwestern source in the Rockies to the Gulfof Mexico11 Australia and New Zealand Army Corps。

12;The development of English is usually divided into three major periods: Old English, Middle English, and Modern English. Old English can be assumed to begin in the early fifth century when the Anglo-Saxons started their invasion of England and turned the island into an English country. But the earliest written records of Old English date only from around the beginning of the 8th century. The Middle English period began soon after the Norman Conquest in 1066. After the arrival of Normans, London became more important as a centre of population and activities. London standard English gradually became the basis of the dialect used in the proximity of London. And this finally gave birth to the official English language. By the end of the 15th century, London English had been accepted as a standard literary language in most parts of the country. One of the reasons was that printing was introduced into England in 1746 by Caxton and London became the center of book-publishers in England. The expansion of the British Empire helped to spread English into many countries and places all over the world.二1 It means the language that belongs to the Angles.3 The Comprehensive Secondary School system, instituted before 1960, has been developing rapidly. The system requires children to start receiving school education at the age of 5. After six years of study at primary schools, they are eleven years old. But the “eleven plus” is no longer required. All pupils from primary schools can be admitted into this kind of secondary schools. After 6 years of study at these secondary schools, pupils reach the school-leaving age 16. All of them are required to sit for national examinations conducted by public examining boards. Those who do not want to receive higher education take easier examinations to win the General Certificate of Secondary Education with which they can leave school and look for full-time paid jobs. Those who want to attend university are required to take different public examinations and the examination papers are more difficult.5 In 1688, England was no more tolerant of a Catholic as king, so the English politicians rejected James II, and appealed to a Protestant king, William of Orange, and the husband of Mary to invade and take the English throne. William landed at Torbay on November 15, 1688 and marched upon London. In England this takeover was relatively smooth, with no bloodshed, nor any execution of the king. This became known as the Glorious Revolution. William and Mary both accepted Bill of Right, thus began the age of Constitutional Monarchy in England.。