2018年华中科技大学语言学及应用语言学考博真题
博士研究生英语考试题型及试卷
博士研究生英语考试题型及试卷2018博士研究生英语考试题型及试卷博士研究生入学考试英语初试内容一般包括听力、词汇、语法、完形填空、阅读理解、语言运用(配伍题)、翻译(英译汉/汉译英/英汉互译)、写作等几个部分，各部分出题方式及题量分值由各招生院校自行确定，以下yjbys店铺列举部分院校试题结构供各位考生参考。
首都师范大学2008年博士研究生入学考试英语试卷Section I Vocabulary Test(20%)Directions：In this part, there are 20 incomplete sentences.Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence. There is only ONE right answer. Mark the corresponding letter on ANSWER SHEET l with a single line through the centre.1. After the snow storm, the government plans to ______the run-down houses in the rural area as soon as possible.A. reviveB. replaceC. renovateD. remove2. The doctor assured her that the pain would _________in a few days.A. die offB. wear offC. get offD. go off3. The speeding woman’s _______________for some mercy could not change the policeman’s decision to giv e her a fine.A. pleaB. flatteryC. distressD. demonstration4. Owing to lack of money, these experiments must now be _______before the objective has been achieved.A. transferredB. transformedC. terminatedD. testified5. Quite unexpectedly, the young man __________ with success, the problem which had baffled his forerunner.A. tickledB. trickedC. trickledD. tackled6. The Space Age _____ in October l957when the first artificial satellite—was launched by the Soviet Union.A. embarkedB. initialedC. commencedD. originated7. Indoor or roof space antennae do not ___________give satisfactory performance even in strong signal areas.A. faithfulB. invariablyC. voluntarilyD. habitually8. These old houses are in good state of ________ except for the wooden floors.A. preservationB. observationC. compensationD.conservation9. She works bard at her task before she felt sure that the result would ______her long effort.A. verifyB. rectifyC. testifyD. justify10. The country is now undergoing an economic _________in which business activity is greatly reduced and the unemployment rate is high.A. sanctionB. accessionC. flourishD. recession11. The river is already ____its banks because of excessive rainfall and the town is threatened with a likely flood.A. level inB. flat onC. parallel toD. flush with12. Because of his outstanding achievements, the university _____ an honorary degree upon Mr. Adams.A. conferredB. dedicatedC. awardedD. presented13. It is one of the paradox of social intercourse that a ___________is much harder to respond to than an insult.A. complimentB. condemnationC. complementD. complaint14. The shop assistant was straight with his customers. If an article was of _______quality he’d tell them so.A. minerB. inferiorC. awkwardD. humble15. A terrible traffic accident happened;people were saddened when they watched the ______sight on TV.A. periodicB. panicC. patheticD. patriotic16. Even you were not in the mood, you should have known better than to refuse a lady this way. You could have _______her instead.A. deniedB. declinedC. denotedD. denounced17. As the nation attaches excessive importance to football, the triumph or frustration of the national team is most likely to drive many of her nationals ______________.A. overexcitedB. turbulentC. overwhelmedD. hysterical18. On Labor Day the workers will march in __________though the town.A. processB. procedureC. processionD. progress19. Although we had lord them not to keep US waiting, they made no _____to speed up deliveries.A. trialB. actionC. attemptD. progress20. Mr.Moore is one of the most prosperous persons in the town, yet he does take _____at questioning the way he makes money.A. offenceB. rageC. hostilityD. revengeSection II Reading Comprehension(40%)Directions：There are 5 passages ill this section. Each passage is followed by 4 questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Please choose the best one for each question and mark the corresponding letter on ANSWER SHEET l with a single line through the centre.Passage 1An invisible border divides those arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students’ career prospects and those arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical educational reform. Very few writers Oil the subject have explored this distinction—indeed, contradiction—which goes to the heart of what is wrong with the campaign to put computers in the classroom.An education that aims at getting student a certain kind of job is a technical education, justified for reasons radically different from why education is universally required by law. It is not simply to raise everyone’s job prospects that all children are legally required to attend school into their teens. Rather, we havea certain conception of the American citizen, a character who is incomplete if he cannot competently assess now his livelihood and happiness are affected by things outside of himself. But this was not always the case. Before it was legally required for all children to attend school until a certain age. It was widely accepted that everyone is fit to be educated. Computer-education advocates forsake this optimistic notion for a pessimism that betrays their otherwise cheery outlook. Banking on the confusion between educational and vocational reasons for bringing computers into schools, computer-education advocates often emphasize the job prospects of graduates over their educational achievement.There are some good arguments for a technical education given the right kind of student. Many European schools introduce the concept of professional training early in order to make sure children are properly equipped for the professions they want to join. It is, however, pre-sumptuous to insist that there will only be so many jobs for so many scientists, so many business-men, and so many accountants. . Besides, this is unlikely to produce the needed number of every kind of professional in a country as large as ours and where the economy is spread over so many states and involves so many international corporations.But, for a small group of students, professional training might be the way to go since well-developed skills, all other factors being equal, can be the difference between having a job and not. Of course, the basics of using any computer these days are very simple. It does not take a lifelong acquaintance to pick up various software programs. If one wanted to become a computer engineer, that is, of course, all entirely different story. Basic computer skills take—at the very longest—a couple ofmonths to learn. In any case, basic computer skills are only complementary to the host of real skills that are necessary to becoming any kind of professional. It should be observed, of course, that no school, vocational or not, is helped by a confusion over its purpose.21. The author thinks the present rush to put computers in the classroom is ________________.A. far-reaching B self-contradictoryC. dubiously orientedD. radically reformatory22. The belief that education is indispensable to all children ______________________.A. originated from the optimistic attitude of industrialized countriesB. is deeply rooted in the minds of computer education advocatesC. came into being along with the arrival of computersD. is indicative of a pessimism in disguise23. It could be inferred from the passage that in the author, s country the European model of professional training is __________________________.A. dependent upon the starting age of candidatesB. worth trying in various social sectionsC. attractive to every kind of professionalD. of little practical value24. According to the author, basic computer skill should be ______________________.A. highlighted I acquisition of professional qualification5B. included as an auxiliary course in schoolC. mastered through a lifelong courseD. equally emphasized by any school, vocational or otherwisePassage 2The prevention of illness through exercise and nutrition was a small step from movements like hydreopathy (which advocated the ‘‘natural" healing powers of water), to the idea that flesh air, healthy food, and exercise could be beneficial. The physical fitness movement in America followed the influx of a large number of German immigrants who fled their country due to the 1848 revolution. The movement began there with Fredrich Ludwig Jahn who unified exercise and sport with German history and tradition and saw a connection between mental and physical health. Charle Pollen, Jahn’s student, led the movement in America, organizing the Round Hill School at Harvard, which stressed rigorous mental and physical exercise. In the mid-west the Germans established their first gymnastic institution called the Turnverein in Cincinnati in l848. Later called the Turners, these groups developed nationally and organized outings of picnics, games, gymnastics, and celebrations of German culture.Catherine Beecher promoted physical fitness for women, and felt that corsets (束腹) not only made such exercise impossible, but actually deformed wo men’s bodies, and could even be passed on to future generations and degrade the race. She was also in advocate of improving nutrition and an early opponent of gluttony (暴食), believing condiments on food stimulated the appetite towards excess. Others championed vegetarianism, or saw lack of sunshine as a cause of stomach discomfort. Regardless of their particular inclination, all of the food reformers had a common philosophy: bad eating habits led to social disorder. Like physical fitness proponents, they saw a connection between reshaping the body and reshaping American society to improve the individual and the country.The physical fitness movement declined in the years preceding the Civil War, then revived, as Americans became city dwellers and took sedentary jobs. Advocates promoted "Muscular Christianity," a movement begun in England, which stressed that the best and most moral Christians were those with sound bodies. Indian clubs became a favorite exercise tool with entire books written for club exercises. Team sports became popular after l 865, reflecting America’s growing urbanization. The most popular was baseball, and in l 869 the Cincinnati Red Stockings became the country’s first professional team. By the l 900s, Luther Gulick transformed the Young Men’s Christian Association (VMCA) into the epitome of typical "Muscular Christianity.’’ It became the largest organization of urban gymnasiums and fitness centers in America.25. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that as to the physical fitness movement in the 19th century _____________________.A. hydropathy was popularB. not all groups had a German focus、C. Germans were fitter than AmericansD. Harvard became a leader in America26. It can be inferred from the passage that the Tumverein was ________________.A. successful in the mid-westB. 1imited to GermansC. 1ater named Turners because it was too difficult to pronounceD not popular with many non=Germans because they celebrated German culture27. Why did the physical fitness movement revive after theCivil War?A. Because people returned to their usual occupationsB. Because ‘‘Muscular Christianity" became popular.C. Because of urbanization.D. Because of physical injuries caused by the war.28. What does the passage mainly discuss?A. The prevention of illness through exercise and nutrition.B. The German and Christian influences on nutrition and physical fitness.C. Development of the physical fitness movement.D. The nutrition and physical fitness movements.Passage 3An industrial society, especially one as centralized and concentrated as that of Britain, is heavily dependent on certain essential services, for instance, electricity supply, water, rail and road transport, the harbours. The area of dependency has widened to include removing rubbish, hospital and ambulance services, and, as the economy develops, central computer and information services as well. If any of these services ceases to operate, the whole economic system is in danger.It is this economic interdependency of the economic system that makes the power of trade unions such an important issue. Single trade unions have the ability to cut off many countries’ economic blood supply. This can happen more easily in Britain than in some other countries, in part because the labour force is highly organized. About 55 percent of British workers belong to unions, compared to under a quarter in the United States. For historical reasons, Britain’s unions have tended to develop along trade and occupational lines, rather than on an industry-by-industry basis, which makes a wages policy, democracy inindustry and the improvement of procedures for fixing wage levels difficult to achieve.There are considerable strains and tensions in the trade union movement, some of them arising from their outdated and inefficient structure. Some unions have lost many members because of their industrial changes. Others are involved in arguments about who should represent workers in new trades. Unions for skilled trades are separate from general unions, which means that different levels of wages for certain jobs are often a source of bad feeling between unions. In traditional trades which are being pushed out of existence by advancing technologies, unions can fight for their members’ disappointing jobs to the point where the jobs of other union members are threatened or destroyed. The printing of newspapers both in the United States and in Britain has frequently been halted by the efforts of printers to hold on to their traditional highly-paid jobs.Trade unions Nave problems of internal communication just as managers in companies do, problems which multiply in very large unions or in those which bring workers in very different industries together into a single general union Some trade union officials have to be reelected regularly; others are elected, or even appointed for life: Trade union officials have to work with a system of "shop stewards" in many unions, "shop stewards" being workers’ elected by other workers as their representatives at factory or works level.下载文档。
华中科技大学考博英语-5_真题无答案
华中科技大学考博英语-5(总分100, 做题时间90分钟)Translation据英国报纸报道，痴迷于足球的罪犯们纷纷向英国警方投案自首以求在世界杯之前及时结束短暂的刑期。
《旗帜晚报》报道，伦敦北部的赫特福德郡警方开展了“红牌行动”，向未到庭的被告发出了一条简单的信息：要么立即投案，要么在世界杯期间呆在没有电视的警局监房里。
“有一名男子甚至打了背包上庭，准备在牢里呆上一阵，”报纸援引赫特福德警官奈杰尔(Nigel)的话。
“毫无疑问他是想赶快结束刑期，以确保在世界杯开赛之时重获自由。
”报纸说，发往罪犯们已知最新地址的296封信已经使17人前往当地警局面对袭击和盗窃之类的指控，另有10人到庭受审。
不是球迷的罪犯也并不安全。
奈杰尔说寄信的另一成果是使警方收到了60条关于其他罪犯下落的线报，警方将在今后数周内对他们展开追捕。
SSS_TEXT_QUSTI1.SSS_TEXT_QUSTI2.SSS_TEXT_QUSTI3.心理学家证实了作家们一直以来的信念：书籍的确是梦的素材。
一项调查表明，读爱丽丝或罗琳的作品的人比钻研十字军东征史的人更容易做怪梦，而小说爱好者的梦带有更强烈的感情色彩，其中包含的奇异事件也多。
调查还发现读恐怖小说的人并不一定会多做噩梦，而喜欢科幻小说的人却更容易带着一身冷汗惊醒。
按照威尔士大学的马克的说法，这项研究可能是考察梦与现实之间的关系的第一次实验。
马克博士和他的同事发出了10万份关于睡眠形态与阅读趣味的调查问卷并收到了超过1万份回复。
他们发现成人中有58%做过至少一次这样的梦：在梦中他们知道自己在做梦。
他们还发现女性能比男性更记得梦境。
老年人的梦似乎更少一些，也更少做噩梦。
大约44%的孩子说他们正在阅读的书籍影响到了他们的梦境。
马克博士说：“报称正在读吓人书籍的孩子做噩梦的次数三倍于那些没读的孩子。
”SSS_TEXT_QUSTI4.SSS_TEXT_QUSTI5.SSS_TEXT_QUSTI6.英国研究者说，家务劳动既费时又累人，虽然也算是体力运动，却既无益于健康也无助于减除赘肉。
华中科技大学历年的考博真题整理 1
同济医科大学2006年麻醉学（博士)一、名词解释1.2相阻滞2.V AS评分3.间歇指令通气（IMV）4.前负荷5.霍夫曼消除6.PCA7.CO2排除综合征8.MODS二、问答题1.全麻术后苏醒延迟的原因。
2.简述低流量吸入麻醉的优点和存在的问题。
3.简述肌松药的类型及肌松药作用的监测。
4.简述目前疼痛治疗的方法。
5.肺动脉高压的原因及处理6.急性肺损伤和ARDS的病因及其诊断标准。
2.同济医科大学组织胚胎学（博士）[Re: 0分会员] Copy to clipboardPosted by: 0分会员Posted on: 2008-01-22 17:38同济医科大学2004年组织胚胎学（博士）一、名解：1.神经干细胞2.凋亡3.胚泡4.抗原提呈细胞5.小强荧光细胞二、问答：1. 丘脑的结构、功能和功能的调控2. 大脑皮质的神经元种类、皮质分层和神经纤维联络3. 球旁复合体的结构和功能4. 胃肠内分泌细胞的种类、特点和功能5. 已知一种HAP1蛋白在下丘脑高水平表达，但不知道其功能。
请你进行课题设计以揭示HAP1的功能。
简述实课题研究目的、研究内容、实验方案。
并简要说明所用实验技术的基本原理。
注：名解是用英文出的。
3.同济医科大学神经解剖学（博士）[Re: 0分会员] Copy to clipboardPosted by: 0分会员Posted on: 2008-01-22 17:39同济医科大学2006年神经解剖学（博士）一、名词解释：1、皮质2、神经节3、纤维束4、internal capsule5、corpus striatum6、medial lemniscus7、？8、broca区9、锥体系10记不起来了，也很简单二、问答题：1.小脑的分叶及纤维联系2.尺神经损伤的表现及原因3.交感神经节前纤维及节后纤维的走向4.脑干一般内脏运动核的功能及纤维联系5.？6.？4.同济医科大学肿瘤学（博士）[Re: 0分会员] Copy to clipboardPosted by: 0分会员Posted on: 2008-01-22 17:40同济医科大学2006年肿瘤学（博士）一、名解（4*5）20分1 IGRT2 GCP3 VEGF4 TBI5 NCCN二、问答题80分1.简述肿瘤基因治疗的策略？152.简述霍杰金淋巴瘤的临床分期及治疗原则？153.WHO疼痛治疗原则？154.论述化疗药物机制和细胞周期的关系？155.鼻咽癌TNM分期，临床分期，治疗原则和技术？205.同济医科大学考博历年真题感染专业2005年试题[Re: 0分会员] Copy to clipboard Posted by: 0分会员Posted on: 2008-01-22 17:40同济医科大学考博历年真题感染专业2005年试题一、名词解释（每题5分）1.incudation period2.septicemia3.rabies4.nosocomial infection5.cholera二、问答题（每题20分）1.肝性脑病的发病机制及治疗原则2.HIV的治疗原则和临床表现3.丙型肝炎的基因分型及抗病毒治疗方案三、选答题（二选一）（15分）1.试述肝相关干细胞研究的现状及展望2.简述细菌对抗菌药产生耐药的发病机制6.同济医科大学细胞生物学（博士）[Re: 0分会员] Copy to clipboardPosted by: 0分会员Posted on: 2008-01-22 17:41同济医科大学2003年细胞生物学（博士）一、名词解释（共10小题，每题4分，共40分）1.nuclear skeleton2.kinetochore3.Signal Sequence4.stem cell5.molecular chaperon6.cyclin7.核孔复合体核篮模型8.膜泡运输9.微丝结合蛋白10.蛋白酶体二、综合题（共60分）1.试述溶酶体的形态结构、化学组成、形成的主要途径及功能。
华中科技大学儿科学2005,2008,2012,2015--2016,2018年考博真题
华中科技大学
2016年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：儿科学 注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。 一、名词解释（8*5分=40分） 1、PPHN 2、bitot^s spot 3、艾森曼格综合征 4、癫痫持续状态 5、髓外造血 6、somogyi现象 7、咽结合膜热 8、RTA 注：以上全为英文，先翻译成中文，再解释。 二、问答题（6*10分=60分） 1、新生儿窒息的病理生理机制。 2、营养不良引起迁延性腹泻和慢性腹泻的原因及治疗方法。 3、贫血的实验室检查及意义。 4、肾病综合征的主要并发症及机制。 5、苯丙酮尿症的发病机制及实验室检查。 6、重症手足口病的临床表现，需要与哪些疾病鉴别。
医学考博 历年真题试卷
攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试卷
华中科技大学
2005年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：儿科学 注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
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一、名词解释（5分×4题） 1. 持续胎儿循环 2. 差异性青紫 3. Koplik斑 4. 绿色瘤 二、问答题（10分×8题） 1.
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华中科技大学
2012年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：儿科学 注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
名词解释： 1DIC 2.新生儿呼吸窘迫综合症 3.Tuner 综合征 4. 原发综合征 （5分*4） 论述题： 1.肾病综合征的分类和治疗原则（20分） 2.儿童白血病的现代学诊断标准和治疗原则（20分） 3.新生儿黄疸的分类和病因（25分） 4.川崎病的诊断标准和治疗原则（15分）
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华科博士英语考试难度
华科博士英语考试难度The journey towards earning a doctoral degree at Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) is undoubtedly arduous, and the English examination stands as a significant milestone in this pursuit. The HUST doctoral English exam, often perceived as a challenging hurdle, requires a comprehensive understanding of the language and a profound grasp of academic writing. Its difficulty lies not only in the breadth and depth of the material covered but also in the expectations of the evaluators.The exam demands a high level of proficiency in all areas of English, from vocabulary and grammar to reading comprehension and writing skills. The vocabulary, in particular, is often密集且多样化, requiring candidates to possess an extensive knowledge of technical terms and academic jargon. The grammar, too, is intricate, testing the candidate's ability to construct sentences that are both grammatically correct and academically precise.The reading comprehension section challenges candidates to digest complex texts, often drawn from academic journals or research papers, and to extract key information,understand arguments, and evaluate the author'sintentions. This section demands not only a high level of language proficiency but also a strong background in the relevant academic field.The writing section, perhaps the most daunting aspect of the exam, requires candidates to demonstrate theirability to craft coherent and persuasive arguments using academic English. The expectations are high, as the evaluators are looking for writing that is both original and insightful, with a strong command of the language and a clear understanding of academic writing conventions.To prepare for this exam, candidates must embark on a rigorous study routine that encompasses both languageskills and subject matter knowledge. They must delve into academic texts, expand their vocabulary, and practice writing in an academic style. They must also familiarize themselves with the exam format and understand the evaluators' expectations.In conclusion, the HUST doctoral English exam is a challenging test that requires a combination of language proficiency, subject matter knowledge, and writing skills.It is an examination that demands dedication, discipline, and a profound understanding of both the language and the academic field. While the journey may be arduous, the reward of earning a doctoral degree from HUST is undoubtedly worth the effort.**华中科技大学博士英语考试难度探析**在华中科技大学（HUST）攻读博士学位的旅程中，无疑充满了挑战，而英语考试则是这一追求中的一个重要里程碑。
中国社会科学院语言学系语言学及应用语言学专业语音学与儿童语言获得方向李爱军考博真题导师分数线内部资料
中国社会科学院语言学系语言学及应用语言学专业语音学与儿童语言获得方向李爱军考博真题导师分数线内部资料一、专业的设置、招生人数及考试科目院系(招生人数)专业(招生人数)研究方向导师考试科目104语言学系(6)050102语言学及应用语言学(2)02语音学与儿童语言获得李爱军①1001英语②2066语音学与儿童语言获得1③3127语言学理论2二、导师介绍李爱军，语言学系博士生导师。
1966年9月出生于湖北省郧县。
1991年毕业于天津大学计算机系获得硕士学位，2013年获得日本北陆先端科技大学博士学位。
现任中国社会科学院语言研究所研究员、语音研究室主任、院创新工程“语音与言语科学重点实验室”主任（2011-2015）。
语言学及应用语言学专业，研究方向主要有汉语口语语音研究、L1&L2学习中语音问题、语音语料库等。
主要学术论著：Li,A..Chinese Prosody and Prosodic Labeling of Spontaneous Speech[C].In B.Bel and I.Marlin(eds),Proc.of the SP2002 Conference.Aix-en-Provence,France,2002:39-46.李爱军,普通话对话中韵律特征的声学表现,《中国语文》，2002,Vol.6.P525.李爱军，友好语音的声学分析，《中国语文》，2005年第5期。
李爱军，情感重音研究，《中国语音学报》，第一期,2008,商务印书馆。
Li,A.,Fang,Q.&Dang,J..Emotional intonation in a tone language: experimental evidence from Chinese,ICPhS'2011.HK，2011.8.P1198-1201.李爱军、史如深、张钊，普通话婴幼儿语言输入语言中动词和名词的韵律特征。
《中国语文》，2011年第5期（总第344期）。
西北大学 语言及应用语言学 2018年考研真题610
西北大学2018年招收攻读硕士学位研究生试题语言学概论（617）一、填空题（每小题1分，共10分）1、语言符号音和义之间的结合是社会成员____的。
2、根据语法形式的共同特点将其归并为几个基本类型，这种语法形式的类叫做____。
3、口语和书面语是同一种语言的不同的____变异。
4、语言接触有不同的类型，其中最常见的是____。
5、以现实现象为基础，不涉及人们的主观态度的词义是词的____，它是词义的核心。
6、地域方言的差别主要表现在____上。
7、____是运用本族语言的构词材料和规则构成的新词，把外语中的某个意义移植过来。
8、在workers中，worker这一部分可以称为____。
9、是否能够____，是区分词和语素的根本特点。
10、从自然属性角度划分出来的最小语音单位是____。
二、单项选择题（每小题1分，共20分）1、语言符号的任意性特点说明了（）A.语言是人类最重要的交际工具B.语言是人类的思维工具C.语言具有组合关系和聚合关系D. 语言是一种特殊的社会现象2、朗读“土改”一词时，通常要把“土”念成阳平，这种变化叫做（）A.同化B.异化C.弱化D.脱落3、下列各组词中属于复合词的一组是（）A.大学、人民、readerB.劳动、阿姨、railwayC.瓶子、教室、unhappyD.道路、材料、classroom4、[b][c][g]三个音素的区别是（）A.清浊B.发音方法C.发音部位D.送气与否5、在文字体系的发展过程中，不包括（）阶段A.记事图画B.表意文字体系C.表音文字体系D.纯表音文字体系6、下列文字中属于音位字母的是（）A.日文字母B.英文字母C.汉字D.阿拉伯字母7、[p']的发音特征是（）A.双唇送气清塞音B.双唇不送气清塞音C.舌尖前送气清塞音D.舌尖前不送气清塞音8、英语的“sheep”和“ship”两个单词起区别作用的是（）A.调位B.时位C.重位D.音位9、“He seems sad”中的动词seems中的s表示的语法意义是（）A.性、数、格B.时、体、态C.时、体、格D.数、时、人称10、元音和辅音最本质的区别是（）A.是否均衡紧张B.声带是否振动C.气流是否受阻D.时间延续久暂11、确定“忽然”是副词，“突然”是形容词，主要依据词的（）A.意义B.形态C.句法功能D.范畴12、现代汉语普通话的“花儿”是（）A.单纯词B.派生词C.复合词D.语素13、下列各组词都属于基本词汇的是（）A.丈夫、妻子、兄弟、令堂B.若干、屹立、篇章、父母C.make、look、do、getD.电视、开发、能力、学派14、语音的演变主要是指（）A.词的读音变化B.音素的增加C.浊音清化D.词义变化15、汉语普通话语音系统中没有的发音部位是（）A.双唇B.舌尖C.齿尖D.舌面16、“社稷”“太监”等词在现代汉语中已不再使用，它属于（）A.词义的演变B.旧词的消亡C.新词的产生D.词语的替换17、下面词组中，结构类型与其他各组不同的一组是（）A.年轻漂亮、朴素大方B.我们大家、首都北京C.铁路民航、工人农民D.贯彻执行、讨论研究18、俄语、汉语、日语三种语言所属的语法结构类型按次序是（）A.黏着语、屈折语、孤立语B.屈折语、黏着语、孤立语C.孤立语、屈折语、黏着语D.屈折语、孤立语、黏着语19、根据谱系分类看，台湾的高山语属于（）A.乌拉尔语系B.南岛语系C.南亚语系D.高加索语系20、语言间亲属关系的重要标志是（）A.语音的对应B.语法规则的对应C.产生年代相近D.词汇基本相同三、多项选择题（每小题2分，共30分）1、下列短语中的“语言”一词，（）属于语言学术语中的“言语”A.语言无味，面目可憎B.亚洲语言研究C.语言必须接近大众D.向人民学习语言2、属于半低元音的是（）A.[e]B.[ε]C.[ɔ]D.[œ]3、下列选项中的辅音，清浊一致的是（）A.[t']和[n]B.[ts']和[s]C.[tç]和[ç]D.[g]和[ɤ]4、常见的语流音变现象有（）A.脱落B.同化C.换位D.类推5、划线部分属于“格”语法范畴的是（）A.two booksB.his bikeC.my footD.the student's book6、下列各组词的词性变化不属于内部屈折的是（）A.I---meB.foot---feetC.work---worksD.child---children7、下列划线部分语义角色为受事的是（）A.死了一头牛B.摘苹果C.喝西北风D.买教材8、汉字是（）A.表音文字B.意音文字C.他源文字D.自源文字9、从“我打破了花瓶”变换为“我把花瓶打破了”，使用了（）A.删除B.添加C.替代D.移位10、至今语音系属不明的是（）A.京语B.缅甸语C.日语D.朝鲜语11、不属于等义词的是（）A.成果—后果B.many---muchC.替代---代替D.头颅---脑壳12、属于斯拉夫语族的语言有（）A.俄语B.塞尔维亚语C.德语D.捷克语13、（）属于词组A.写字B.扑克C.小碗D.编辑14、混合语是（）A.几种语言成分均匀的混杂B.洋泾浜的进一步演变C.语言远征的结果D.被人们作为母语来使用15、（）是由于社会的地域分化而造成的A.地域方言B.社会方言C.阶层方言D.亲属语言四、判断句（正确的打√，错误的打ⅹ。
华中科大考博英语
华中科大考博英语华中科技大学博士研究生入学《英语》考试大纲总则本大纲的各项规定作为华中科技大学博士研究生入学考试英语（第一外语）考试考题编写参考以及质量检查的依据。
考生对象本大纲的考生对象是参加华中科技大学博士研究生入学考试并把英语作为第一外语的全国考生。
考试时间及记分本考试采取百分制记分，满分为100分；考试时间为180分钟。
一、考试目的博士研究生入学英语考试是为了考察考生的实际英语应用能力是否达到非英语专业研究生英语教学大纲中《硕士研究生英语教学与考试》规定的要求。
考试成绩用于博士研究生的入学选拔。
二、考试设计本考试共分为四部分：完形填空（10％）、阅读理解（40％）、英汉互译（30％）和英语写作（20％）。
1. 完形填空（10％）本部分测试考生的语言知识及综合运用能力。
测试内容包括词汇的认知能力、搭配知识的掌握，句法结构的理解和篇章阅读、分析能力。
本部分给出一篇约200单词的短文，文中留出10处空白，每空为一题，设4个备选答案。
要求考生在理解全文的基础上，从中挑选一个最佳选项，使短文的内容和结构完整合理。
2. 阅读理解（40％）本部分测试考生在规定时间内通过阅读获取信息的能力，即对阅读材料的细节、事实、要点、作者观点和态度的理解能力。
题材包括社会、文化、史地、科普及人物传记等内容，体裁涉及叙事、议论、描述、说明和应用文等。
该部分给出4篇约500单词的文章，每篇文章后面附5个问题，每个问题设四个备选答案。
要求考生根据文章内容从每题选出一个最佳选项。
3. 英汉互译（30％）本部分测试考生的英汉互译能力。
考试形式为翻译段落划线部分，原文内容涉及社会、文化、史地和科普知识。
要求考生将200-250汉字长度的中文段落划线部分准确地翻译成通顺的英文，以及将相当长度的英文段落划线部分准确翻译成通顺的中文。
4. 英语写作（20％）本部分测试考生的英语书面表达能力。
要求考生根据给出的题目和提纲，或者根据情景或图表自拟题目，用英语写出一篇约200单词的短文。