初中英语被动语态讲解与练习

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初中被动语态语法讲解

(一)语态分类

英语动词有两种语态,主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如:

They will build a newbridgeoverthe river. (主动)

A new bridge will be built over the river.(被动)

汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动,而英语用:

助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词构成。

(二)被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化

主要体现在be的变化上,其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样。不同时态的被动语态,列表如下:

一般现在时:am /is/ are+done

一般过去时:was/were+done

一般将来时:shall/ will +be done

一般过去将来时:should /would+ bedone

现在进行时:am / is/are+ being+ done

过去进行时:was / were +being+ done

现在完成时:have /has+been+ done

过去完成时:had + been + done

将来完成时:shall /will+ have been+done

过去将来完成时:should / would +have been +done

[注]被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。

(三)常见的八种时态中的被动语态

1. 一般现在时:

(1)People grow rice inthe south of thecountry.

Rice is grown inthe south of the country.

(2)Theschooldoesn't allowus to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher.

Wearenotallowed to enter the chemistry labwithouta teacher.

2.一般过去时:

(1)They agreed on the building of a new car factorylastmonth.

Thebuildingof anew car factory wasagreed on last month.

(2)Thestudents didn't forget hislessons easily.

Hislessons werenot easily forgotten

3.一般将来时:

(1)Theywill sendcars abroad by sea.

Carswill besentabroad by sea.

(2)Theywillgive plenty of jobs toschool-leavers.

Plentyof jobs will be giventoschool-leavers.

4.过去将来时:

(1)Themanager saidtheywould completetheprojectby theend of theyear.

The manager said theproject would be completed by the end of the year. (2)Theworkerstold me they would mend thecar assoon as possible.

The workers toldme that thecarwouldbe mendedas soonas possible.

5. 现在进行时:

(1)The radio isbroadcastingEnglishlessons.

Englishlessons are being broadcastedon the radio.

(2) We arepaintingthe rooms.

Therooms are being painted.

6. 过去进行时:

(1)Theworkers were mending the road.

The road was beingmended.

(2)This time last year we were planting treeshere.

Treeswerebeingplanted herethis time lastyear.

7. 现在完成时:

(1)Someone has told methesportsmeetingmight be put off.

I have been toldthesports meeting might be put off.

(2)He hasbrought his book here.

Hisbook has beenbroughthere.

8. 过去完成时:

(1)WhenI gotto thetheatre,I foundthey had alreadysold out the tickets. WhenI gotto the theatre,I foundthe tickets had alreadybeen soldout. (2)People had considered him to be a great leader.

He had been consideredto be agreat leader

(四)含有情态动词的被动语态:

含有情态动词的被动语态是由“情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。

(1)You must hand inyour compositions after class.

Your compositionsmust behandedin after class.

(2)He canwrite a great many letterswith the computer.

A great many letters can be written with the computer by him.

(五)被动语态的使用

1.当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时,常用被动语态,这时往往不用by 短语。

“Mr.White, the cupwasbroken after class. ”

2.突出或强调动作的承受者,如果需要说出动作的执行者,用by 短语。

These recordsweremade byJohnDenver.

The cupwas broken by Paul.

3.当汉语句子的主语既不是动作的执行者,也不是动作的承受者时,这时常用in + 名词作状语,而代替by 短语。

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