水利水电英语课文翻译
水利水电工程专业英语教材翻译
P71 2-1混凝土重力坝类型基本上，重力水坝保持其对设计载荷从几何形状和混凝土的质量和强度稳定坚固的混凝土结构。
一般情况下，它们在一条直线轴构成，但也可以稍微弯曲或成角度，以适应特定的现场条件。
重力坝通常由非溢流坝段（S）和溢出部分或溢洪道。
这两个一般混凝土的施工方法，混凝土重力坝是常规放置大体积混凝土和碾压。
Conventional concrete dams.传统的混凝土大坝。
（1）传统上放置大体积混凝土坝的特点是建筑施工中用的材料和配料使用的技术，混匀，放置，固化和大体积混凝土的温度控制（美国混凝土学会（ACI）207.1 R-87）。
典型溢出和非溢出部分示于图2-1和图2-2。
建筑采用已开发和完善了多年设计和建造大体积混凝土大坝的方法。
普通混凝土的水泥水化过程限制大小和混凝土浇筑的速度和建设就必须在巨石满足裂缝控制要求。
通常采用大尺寸的粗集料，混合比例被选择为产生低坍落度混凝土，使经济，在放置期间保持良好的加工性，水化过程中发育的最低温度上升，并产生重要性能如强度，抗渗性和耐久性。
大坝建设与传统的混凝土容易便于安装管道，压力管道，画廊等，在结构内。
（2）施工过程包括配料和混合，运输，安置，振动，冷却，固化，并准备电梯间的水平施工缝。
在重力坝大体积混凝土通常证明一个现场搅拌站，并需要足够的质量和数量，位于或项目的经济范围内的总根源。
一般是在水桶由卡车，铁路，起重机，索道，或这些方法的组合进行4至12立方码大小不等，从批次厂坝运输。
最大桶大小通常是通过有效地扩散和振动混凝土桩后它被从桶倾倒的能力受到限制。
混凝土被放置在5-升降机至10英尺的深度。
每部电梯由连续层不超过18至20英寸。
振动一般由大的人，气动，开钻式振动器进行。
保洁水平施工缝固化过程中去除表面上的薄弱浮浆薄膜的方法包括绿色切削，湿喷砂和高压气水射流。
传统的混凝土安置的其他详情载于EM 1110-2-2000。
（3）由于水泥水化产生的热量，需要在大体积混凝土的放置和放置几天后仔细的温度控制。
水利水电工程专业英语——河流工程篇
水利水电工程专业英语——河流工程篇1。
Some Problems Related to Alluvial Rivers(1)1。
与冲积河流相关的一些问题(1）Many of the earlier civilizations came into being the fertile valleys of large rivers. Civilizations prospered in the Nile valley in Egypt, along the Tigris and Eupharates rivers in Mesopotamia，along the Indus River. As early as 4000 B。
C. people built dams across the rivers to store water，dug canals for navigation purposes and also to carry water to the fields to produce much-needed food. Together with the problems associated with the irrigation works，these earlier civilizations were confronted with the problems of flood control and the Chinese had developed excellent systems of dikes for the protection of inhabited areas against floods。
很多早期的文明都孕育在大江大河的肥沃的河谷。
这些文明繁荣在在埃及尼罗河谷,沿着美索不达米亚的底格里斯河和幼发拉底河，沿着印度河流域。
早在公元前4000年，人们就横跨河流修建水坝来蓄水，以航运及将水带到农田以生产更加非常需要的事物为目的而开挖渠道.与同灌溉工程相关的问题一样，这些早期文明也面临着防洪的问题，而中国人则已经发展了防洪保护居住区的优秀堤防体系.Thus，since the dawn of civilization, mankind has faced problems associated with rivers，and solved them to the best of their ability。
水利水电工程专业英语Chapter 2 (25-38)
倍数的比较
• A is N times as large (long，heavy……）as B • A is N times larger (longer, heavier…) than B • A is larger (longer、heavier···) than B by N times
The oxygen atom is 16 times heavier than the hydrogen atom。 氧原子的重量是氢原子的16倍。 This substance reacts three times as fast as the other one 这一物质的反应速度比另一物质快两倍。
倍数的减少
half as much as twice less than
• “比……少一半”或“比……少二分之一”
The new engine may use half as much oil as the old one。 新引擎的油耗比旧引擎少一半。 The power output of the machine is twice less than its input。 该机器的输出功率比输入功率小二分之一。
倍数的译法
as+形容词+as+数词+…… 动词+as+副词+数词+…… as large as+数词……可译成“大到(至)……" as many as十数词… 可译成“多达……” as high as+数词…… 可译成“高达……” as low as十数词…… 可译成“低到(至)……” The temperature of liquid nitrogen is as low as -196℃
水利专业英语翻译部分
Lesson1 importa nce of water 水的重要性Water is best known and most abundan t of all chemica l compoun ds occurri ng in relativ ely pureformontheearth’ssurface. Oxygen,the most abundan t chemica l element, is present in combina tion with hydroge n to the extentof 89 percent in water. Water coversabout three fourths of the earth's surface and permeat es cracksof much solid land. The polar regions are overl ai d with vast quantiti es of ice, and the atmosphere of the earth carries water vapor in quantiti es from 0.1 percent to 2 percent by weight.It has been estimat ed that the amountof water in the atmosph ere above a squaremile of land on a mild summerday is of the order of 50,000 tons.在地球表面以相对纯的形式存在的一切化合物中，水是人们最熟悉的、最丰富的一种化合物。
在水中，氧这种最丰富的化学元素与氢结合，其含量多达89%。
水利水电工程专业英语——水文与水资源篇
水利水电工程专业英语——水文与水资源篇1. Hydrological Cycle and Budget1.水文循环与预算Hydrology is an earth science. It encompasses the occurrence, distribution, movement, and properties of the waters of the earth and their environmental relations. Closely allied fields include geology, climatology, meteorology and oceanography.水文学是一门地球科学。
它包含地球水资源的发生、分布、运动和特质，以及其环境关系。
与之密切相关领域包括地质学，气候学，气象学和海洋学。
The hydrologic cycle is a continuous process by which water is transported from the oceans to the atmosphere to the land and back to the sea. Many sub-cycles exist. The evaporation of inland water and its subsequent precipitation over land before returning to the ocean is one example. The driving force for the global water transport system is provided by the sun, which furnishes the energy required for evaporation. Note that the water quality also changes during passage through the cycle; for example, sea water is converted to fresh water through evaporation.水文循环是一个连续的过程，在这个过程中水从海洋被运输到大气中，降落到陆地，然后回到海洋。
水利水电工程专业英语的阅读与翻译
-graph
表示写 ，画， 记录结 果
和用具
photograph 照片，monograph 专题，论文
-let
表示小
droplet 水滴，streamlet 小溪
-logy
表示 学科
hydrology 水文学，geology 地质学
-meter
表示计，仪 表
barometer 气压计，voltmeter 电压表
uni
单，
uniflow 单向流，unify 统一
vari
变化
variable 变量，可变的，variation 变化，偏差
vers
转，向
reverse 反向，transverse 横向
vis
看
visual 直观的，prevision 预见
（2）英 语单词 的词尾 是接在 词根后 面的部 分，一 般地， 词尾的 意义比 较狭窄 和明 确，常 可根据 词尾来 判断英 语中大
水 利水 电工程 专业 英语的 阅读与 翻译
水利水电 工程
专业英语的阅读与翻译 刘景植 编
二 OO 四年十二月
水利水电 工程专 业英语 的阅读 与翻译
前言
当前，世 界科学 技术发 展十分 迅速， 为了了 解、学 习和借 鉴国 外先进 的科学 技术， 为我国 的社会 主义建 设服务 ，需要
大量的阅 读和翻 译国外 科技文 献资料 。另外 ，近年 来和在 以后 的若干 年内， 我国在 水利水 电建设 中，从 国外引 进了且
多数词的 词类。
专业英语 词汇中 的一些 常用的 词尾：
词尾
意义
词例
Ⅰ、名词 词尾
-age
表示抽象概 念，量 ，性质 ，状态 ，行为 等
水利水电工程专业英语段翻译
•Owingto the fact that electr icity can be transm itted from whereit is genera ted to whereit is needed by meansof powerlinesand transf ormer s, largepowerstatio ns can be builtin remote places far fromindust rialcenter s or largecities, as is citedthe case with hydroe lectr ic powerstatio ns that are insepa rable from watersource s.•由于电力可以从发电的地方通过电线和变压器输送到需要用电的地方，因此大型电站可以建在远离工业中心或大城市的地方，离不开水源的水力发电站就常常是这样建立的。
Ideall y suited to narrow canyon s compos ed of rock, the archdam provid es an econom icaland effici ent struct ure to contro lthe stream flow. The load-carryi ng capaci ty of an arch damenable s the design er to conser ve materi al and stillmainta in anextrem ely safe struct ure.•拱坝最适合于修建在岩石峡谷中，它是一种控制河道中水流经济而有效的建筑物。
一座拱坝的承载能力足以使设计人员用较少的材料而仍能建成极为安全的结构。
水利水电专业毕业设计外文翻译
毕业设计（论文）外文翻译题目水库及电力系统简介专业水利水电工程班级2007级四班学生陈剑锋指导教师杨忠超重庆交通大学2011 年RESERVOIRSWhen a barrier is constructed across some river in the form of a dam, water gets stored up on the upstream side of the barrier, forming a pool of water, generally called a reservoir.Broadly speaking, any water collected in a pool or a lake may be termed as a reservoir. The water stored in reservoir may be used for various purposes. Depending upon the purposes served, the reservoirs may be classified as follows: Storage or Conservation Reservoirs.Flood Control Reservoirs.Distribution Reservoirs.Multipurpose reservoirs.(1) Storage or Conservation Reservoirs. A city water supply, irrigation water supply or a hydroelectric project drawing water directly from a river or a stream may fail to satisfy the consumers’ demands during extremely low flows, while during high flows; it may become difficult to carry out their operation due to devastating floods. A storage or a conservation reservoir can retain such excess supplies during periods of peak flows and can release them gradually during low flows as and when the need arise.Incidentally, in addition to conserving water for later use, the storage of flood water may also reduce flood damage below the reservoir. Hence, a reservoir can be used for controlling floods either solely or in addition to other purposes. In the former case, it is known as ‘Flood Control Reservoir’or ‘Single Purpose Flood Control Reservoir’, and in the later case, it is called a ‘Multipurpose Reservoir’.(2) Flood Control Reservoirs A flood control reservoir or generally called flood-mitigation reservoir, stores a portion of the flood flows in such a way as to minimize the flood peaks at the areas to be protected downstream. To accomplish this, the entire inflow entering the reservoir is discharge till the outflow reaches the safe capacity of the channel downstream. The inflow in excess of this rate is stored in stored in the reservoir, which is then gradually released so as to recover the storage capacity for next flood.The flood peaks at the points just downstream of the reservoir are thus reduced by an amount AB. A flood control reservoir differs from a conservation reservoir only in its need for a large sluice-way capacity to permit rapid drawdown before or after a flood.Types of flood control reservoirs. There are tow basic types of flood-mitigation reservoir.Storage Reservoir or Detention basins.Retarding basins or retarding reservoirs.A reservoir with gates and valves installation at the spillway and at the sluice outlets is known as a storage-reservoir, while on the other hand, a reservoir with ungated outlet is known as a retarding basin.Functioning and advantages of a retarding basin:A retarding basin is usually provided with an uncontrolled spillway and anuncontrolled orifice type sluiceway. The automatic regulation of outflow depending upon the availability of water takes place from such a reservoir. The maximum discharging capacity of such a reservoir should be equal to the maximum safe carrying capacity of the channel downstream. As flood occurs, the reservoir gets filled and discharges through sluiceways. As the reservoir elevation increases, outflow discharge increases. The water level goes on rising until the flood has subsided and the inflow becomes equal to or less than the outflow. After this, water gets automatically withdrawn from the reservoir until the stored water is completely discharged. The advantages of a retarding basin over a gate controlled detention basin are:①Cost of gate installations is save.②There are no fates and hence, the possibility of human error and negligence in their operation is eliminated.Since such a reservoir is not always filled, much of land below the maximum reservoir level will be submerged only temporarily and occasionally and can be successfully used for agriculture, although no permanent habitation can be allowed on this land.Functioning and advantages of a storage reservoir:A storage reservoir with gated spillway and gated sluiceway, provides more flexibility of operation, and thus gives us better control and increased usefulness of the reservoir. Storage reservoirs are, therefore, preferred on large rivers which require batter controlled and regulated properly so as not to cause their coincidence. This is the biggest advantage of such a reservoir and outweighs its disadvantages of being costly and involving risk of human error in installation and operation of gates.(3) Distribution Reservoirs A distribution reservoir is a small storage reservoir constructed within a city water supply system. Such a reservoir can be filled by pumping water at a certain rate and can be used to supply water even at rates higher than the inflow rate during periods of maximum demands (called critical periods of demand). Such reservoirs are, therefore, helpful in permitting the pumps or water treatment plants to work at a uniform rate, and they store water during the hours of no demand or less demand and supply water from their ‘storage’ during the critical periods of maximum demand.(4) Multipurpose Reservoirs A reservoir planned and constructed to serve not only one purpose but various purposes together is called a multipurpose reservoir. Reservoir, designed for one purpose, incidentally serving other purpose, shall not be called a multipurpose reservoir, but will be called so, only if designed to serve those purposes also in addition to its main purpose. Hence, a reservoir designed to protect the downstream areas from floods and also to conserve water for water supply, irrigation, industrial needs, hydroelectric purposes, etc. shall be called a multipurpose reservoir.水库拦河筑一条像坝的障碍时，水就被拦蓄在障碍物的上游并形成水塘．通常称之为水库。
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水利水电英语课文翻译水利水电英语课文翻译课文翻译需要掌握一定的词汇和技巧，当然英语课文翻译可以帮助提高学生的英语水平。
以下是店铺整理的水利水电英语课文翻译，欢迎阅读。
水利水电英语课文翻译1：Lesson 1 importance of water 水的重要性Water is best known and most abundant of all chemical compounds occurring in relatively pure form on the earth‘s surface. Oxygen, the most abundant chemical element, is present in combination with hydrogen to the extent of 89 percent in water. Water covers about three fourths of the earth's surface and permeates cracks of much solid land. The Polar Regions are overlaid with vast quantities of ice, and the atmosphere of the earth carries water vapor in quantities from 0.1 percent to 2 percent by weight. It has been estimated that the amount of water in the atmosphere above a square mile of land on a mild summer day is of the order of 50,000 tons.在地球表面以相对纯的形式存在的一切化合物中，水是人们最熟悉的、最丰富的一种化合物。
在水中，氧这种最丰富的化学元素与氢结合，其含量多达89%。
水覆盖了地球表面的大约3/4的面积，并充满了陆地上的许多裂缝。
地球的两极被大量的冰所覆盖，同时大气也挟带有占其重量0.1%～2%的水蒸气。
据估计，在温暖的夏日，每平方英里陆地上空大气中的水量约为5万吨。
All life on earth depends upon water, the principal ingredient of living cells. The use of water by man, plants, and animals is universal. Without it there can be no life. Every living thing requires water. Man can go nearly two months without food, but can live only three or four days without water.地球上所有的生命都有赖于水而存在，水是活细胞的基本组分（要素）。
人类、和动物都得用水。
没有水就没有生命。
每一种生物都需要水。
人可以接近两个月不吃食物而仍能活着，但不喝水则只能活三四天。
In our homes, whether in the city or in the country, water is essential for cleanliness and health. The average American family uses from 65,000 to 75,000 gallons of water per year for various household purposes.在我们的家庭中，无论是在城市还是农村，水对于卫生和健康来说都是必不可少的。
美国家庭的年平均用水量达6.5～7.5万加仑。
Water can be considered as the principal raw material and the lowest cost raw material from which most of our farm produces is made. It is essential for the growth of crops and animals and is a very important factor in the production of milk and eggs. Animals and poultry, if constantly supplied with running water, will produce more meat, more milk, and more eggs per pound of food and per hour of labor.水可以被认为是最基本的和最廉价的原料。
我们的农产品，大部分都是由它构成的。
水是农作物和动物生长的要素，也是奶类和蛋类生产的一个很重要的因素。
动物和家禽，如果用流动的水来喂养，那么每磅饲料和每个劳动小时会生产出更多的肉、奶和蛋。
:For example, apples are 87% water. The trees on which they grow must have watered many times the weight of the fruit. Potatoes are 75% water. To grow an acre of potatoes tons of water is required. Fish are 80% water. They not only consume water but also must have large volumes of water in which to live. Milk is 88% water. To produce one quart of milk a cow requires from 3.5 to 5.5 quarts of water. Beef is 77% water. To produce a pound of beef an animal must drink many times that much water. If thereis a shortage of water, there will be a decline in farm production, just as a shortage of steel will cause a decrease in the production of automobiles.例如，苹果含87%的水分，苹果树就必须吸收比苹果多许多倍的水分；土豆含75%的水分，那么种植每英亩土豆就需要若干吨水；牛奶含水量为88%，为了生产每夸脱牛奶，母牛需要3.5～5.5 夸脱的水；牛肉含77%的水，为生产1磅牛肉牛必须饮用许多磅水。
如果缺水，就会使农产品减产，就像缺乏钢会引起汽车产量下降一样。
In addition to the direct use of water in our homes and on the farm, there are many indirect ways in which water affects our lives. In manufacturing, generation of electric power, transportation, recreation, and in many other ways, water plays a very important role.水除了直接为我们的家庭和农场利用外，它还以许多间接的方式对我们的产生影响。
在制造、发电、运输、娱乐以及许多行业，水都起着很重要的作用。
Our use of water is increasing rapidly with our growing population. Already there are acute shortages of both surface and underground waters in many locations. Careless pollution and contamination of our streams, lakes, and underground sources has greatly impaired the quality of the water which we do have available. It is therefore of utmost importance for our future that good conservation and sanitary measures be practiced by everyone.我们对水的利用随人口的增长而迅速增加。
在许多地方，无论地面水或地下水都已经严重短缺了。
由于任意污染河流、湖泊和地下水源，已经大大地损害了人们能够利用的水的水质。
因此，人人有责对水采取保护措施和卫生措施，这对于我们人类的未来是极端重要的。
水利水电英语课文翻译2：Lesson 2 the Hydrologic Cycle 水循环In nature, water is constantly changing from one state toanother. The heat of the sun evaporates water from land and water surfaces, this water vapor (a gas), being lighter than air, rises until it reaches the cold upper air where it condenses into clouds. Clouds drift around according to the direction of the wind until they strike a colder atmosphere. At this point the water further condenses and falls to the earth as rain, sleet, or snow, thus completing the hydrologic cycle.在自然界中，水总是不断地从一种状态改变成另一种状态。
太阳热使陆地和水面上的水蒸气。