高考英语阅读指导(一)知识精讲

高考英语阅读指导（一）【本讲主要内容】高考英语阅读指导（一）【知识总结归纳】高考题的阅读理解题是试题的重要部分，在150 分的题中占40分。

设置该题的目的是检测学生对不同文章的理解程度,考察学生英语知识与综合能力水平。

同学们必须在平日的学习中有针对性地进行阅读理解实践,才能切实的提高水平。

下面，我从几方面具体分析阅读时应注意的问题。

（一）猜测词义是阅读时必不可少的技巧。

在阅读时遇到生词是常事，但没有必要每遇到生词都翻词典，因为这样做只会影响阅读速度和兴趣。

实际上许多生词的词义是可以利用上下文中有关词汇，短语或通过构词法或是通过其他有关知识来判断生词的词义。

比如，在文章中，作者有时使用具有同一含义或意思接近的几个词语，我们可以利用上下文中熟悉的词语来猜测生词的含义。

有时我们还可以通过文章中提供的相关信息或上下文对比来猜测生词的含义。

例如：（1）“Why are you weeping?” ---“I’m crying for my poor mother,” the girl said.句中的crying和weeping是同义词，只要知道crying的意思，就可推测出weeping 是哭泣的意思。

（2）“I have something to tell you,”said Sue, “Mr. Behrman died of pneumonia in the hospital today. He was ill only two days…”这段文中的pneumomia 是生词，但是上下文告诉你，Mr. Behrman 病了两天，今天在医院里因……而死，因此pneumonia一定是一种疾病。

至于是何种病，你无需查字典，因为这并不影响你对故事大意的理解。

（3）The official asked the man what his occupation was. The man told him that he worked as an engineer.A. workB. studyC. nameD. interest从第二句中的the man told him that he worked as an engineer 可知官员问的是他的职业,所以才能这样回答。

因此选A.（4）Those new comers were not used to the life in suburbs, which was so different from that inside the city.A. townB. capitalC. countryD. house从后半句中的so different from that inside the city可知划线部分的词意义与inside the city 相反，比较四个答案后C 答案“乡村”最符合题意。

Exercises:1. Chris looked up at the lofty statue. It was certainly very tall.2. Aunt Vicki is never annoyed by trifles. Things that aren’t important just don’t seem to bother her.3. I don’t know if the clock is accurate. Does it tell correct time?4. The moon doesn’t send out light; it reflects light. This means that the moon doesn’t make its own light. The sun sends out its light to the moon. Then the moon sends the sun’s light back to the earth.5. The 20 god medal winners are all primary and middle school students under the age of 14.“Many of the pr oblems are of college level and these pupils can figure them out. It is just unbelievable!” said a teacher from Guangdong province. The underlined phrase “figure out” in the text means _________.A. work outB. add upC. guessD. study练习答案：1. lofty : very tall2. trifles : things that are not important3. accurate: correct4. reflect: send back the lights it receives from other places5. A（二）针对不同类型的文章，阅读侧重点及方法不同。

1. 人物传记。

记述某人的家庭背景，生平事迹，个性特征，奋斗业绩，轶闻趣事等。

一般以时间的先后，事情的发展为主线，顺序比较清楚，可根据时间先后取得有效信息，采用分析推理的方法。

2. 短篇故事。

其中包括以人物，时间，地点，事件为要素的中心情节，同时还有人物或作者的态度。

理解题根据情节和内在联系而设计，要掌握文章大意和具体情节，设身处地的把握人物的态度，根据情节展开想象，问题就好解决。

历史知识的短文也要这样做。

3. 幽默小品。

是针对在生活中可笑的现象和人们的举止进行再现的特殊文体。

平日要善于观察，善于通过表面的玩笑看出实际的意义，才能够正确回答出深层理解题。

4. 科技文章。

用来介绍科技现象和科技成果，内容丰富，题材广阔，有真实性，逻辑性和理论性，文章结构严谨，层次分明，论点论据突出充实，但长句难句较多，修饰关系复杂，应充分利用论据理解论点，理解文章的逻辑性和理论性，把长句难句的基本结构找出来，就能化难为易了。

此法也适用于做关于自然现象的文章。

5. 记叙推理文。

在叙事中蕴含一些道理，需要推理，换算和猜想，要弄懂所说的事，掌握好推理中的对应关系。

注意原文原字，不受干扰项的影响。

6. 新闻报道。

这类文章注意6点，即when, where, who, what , why, how 。

找出主题和要点，涉取有效信息，再进行加工和推理。

7. 应用文体的文章，如广告，通知，卡片和统计表格等。

这类的文章主要要求同学们在阅读时掌握文章提供的信息，并运用这些信息去正确解决题目中假想的的情况。

在做题时，可以先看题目，再阅读文章，如此可快速获取信息并排除不必要信息的干扰。

（A）We walked in so quietly that the nurse at the desk didn’t even lift her eyes from the book. Mum pointed at a big chair by the door and I knew she wanted me to sit down. While I watched mouth open is surprise, Mum took off her hat and coat and gave them to me to hold. She walked quietly to the small room by the lift and took out a wet mop. She pushed the mop past the desk and as the nurse looked up, Mum nodded and said, “Very dirty floors.”“Yes, I’m glad they’ve finally decided to clean them,” the nurse answered. She looked at Mum strangely and said, “But aren’t you working late?”Mum just pushed harder, each swipe（拖一下）of the mop taking her farther and farther down the hall. I watched until she was out of sight and the nurse had turned back to writing in the big book.After a long time Mum came back. Her eyes were shining. She quickly put the mop back and took my hand. As we turned to go out of the door, Mum bowed politely to the nurse and said, “Thank you.”Outside, Mum told me “Dagmar is fine. No fever.”“You saw her, Mum?”“Of course. I told her about the hospital rules, and she will not expect us until tomorrow. Dad will stop worrying as well. It’s a fine hospital. But such floor! A mop is no good. You need a brush. ”1. When she took a mop from the small room what Mum really wanted to do was ____________.A. to clean the floorB. to please the nurseC. to see a patientD. to surprise the story-teller2. When the nurse talked to Mum she thought Mum was a ___________.A. nurseB. visitorC. patientD. cleaner3. After reading the story what can we infer about the hospital?A. It is a children’s hospital.B. It has strict rules about visiting hours.C. The conditions there aren’t very good.D. The nurses and doctors there don’t work hard.4. From the text we know that Dagmar is most likely _______________.A. the story-teller’s sisterB. the story-teller’s classmateC. Mum’s friendD. Dad’s boss5. Which of the following words best describes Mum?A. strangeB. warm-heartedC. cleverD.hard-working分析：1. C 2. D 3. B 4. A 5. C（B）（1）Who might buy the house after reading the above advertisement?A. Some young students.B. A couple with little money.C. A big rich family.D. A big poor family.（2）What room has several possible uses?A. The living room.B. The bedroom.C. The dining room.D. The kitchen.（3）What is emphasized（强调）in the description of each room?A. FloorB. Entrance.C. Size.D. Windows.分析：1. C 2. B 3. C这是一篇卖房子的广告。