英国文学下半部分总结

英国文学下半部分总结
英国文学下半部分总结

一:The Eighteenth Century(1688---1798)-----The Age of Reason/Enlightenment 1)Pope 18世纪被称为是Pope的时代,18世纪最伟大的诗人,其诗多用

“heroic couplet”

1)16岁Pastorals《田园诗》

2)1711 Essay on Criticism《批评论》—heroic couplets and didactic poem

3)1714 The Rape of the Lock《卷发遇劫记》—a mock-heroic poem

4)The Dunciad《群愚史诗》

5)Essay on man《人论》—philosophical poem in heroic couplets

6)Imitation of Horace《仿贺拉斯》

7)Epistle to Dr.Arbuthnot《致阿勃诺斯特医生书》

2)Swift 讽刺作家

1)1704 A Tale of a Tub《木桶的故事》—parable寓言

2)1704 The Battle of the Books《书站》

3)1708 Bickerstaff Almanac《比克斯塔福历书》

4)1708 Elegy of Mr.Partridge《帕特里奇挽歌》

5)1708 Vindication of Isaac Bickerstaff《艾萨克·比克斯塔福的辩护》

6)1726,10 Gulliver’s Travels《格里佛游记》

7)Pamphlets on Ireland(小论文) 关于爱尔兰的小册子

(1)The Drapier’s Letters《布商的书信》

(2) A Modest Proposal《一个小小的建议》

8)Tragic love affairs: Candenus and V anessa《坎迪纳斯和文莎》、Journal to

Stella《给斯拉特的信》—love-letters

9)1745 On the Death of Dr. Swift

3)Defoe “the pioneer novelist of England”英国现实主义小说开创人,

1)1701 Trueborn Englishman—A Satire《纯血统英国人》---- pamphlet

2)1702 The Shortest Way with the Dissenters《铲除新教徒的途径》

3)1703,5 Hymn to the Pillory《木枷颂》

4)The Review《评论报》—a political and literary magazine

5)代表作Robinson crusoe《鲁比逊漂流记》

Captain Singleton 《辛格顿船长》

Moll Flanders 《莫尔·弗兰德斯》

Colonel Jacque《雅克上校》

4. Richardson

1)1740 Pamela《帕米拉》或者Virtue Rewarded:In a Series of Familiar

Letters from a Beaytiful Y oung Damsel to Her Parents—书信体形式

Epistolary novels,a long tale

2)1747-1748 Clarissa《克拉丽莎》—the best one

3)1753-1754 Sir Charles Grandison《查尔斯·格兰迪森爵士的历史》5. Fielding “ father of English Novel”英国小说之父

1)1729-1737 26plays burlesques(滑稽剧) and dramatic satires(讽刺剧)

1737年3月The Historical Register for the Y ear 1736《一七三六年历史纪事》

2)1739 The champion《斗士》—a newspaper

3)From 1742 4 novels

(1)1742,2 Joseph Andrew《约瑟夫·安德鲁》

(2)1743 Jonathan Wild the Great《大诗人江奈生·威尔德》—political satire (3)1749 Tom Jones 《汤姆·琼斯》—great novel

(4)1751 Amelia《艾米利亚》—last novel

4)1749-1750 as a magistrate地方法官,died in 1754,10.8 at Lisbon

5)V oyage to Lisbon《里斯本航海日记》—unpublished

6. Sheridan

1)1775 The Rivals—first comedy, love affair

2)1777 The School for Scandal—masterpiece, a great comedy of manners

7. Sentimentalism(18世纪中期形成)

1)Thomas Gray :neo-classicism

In 1716-1771 Elegy Written in the Country Churchyard《墓园挽诗》

2)William Cowper (1731-1800)

The Task《任务》— a long poem written in blank verse

3) George Crabbe : a clergyman

The Village《乡村》—classical form in couplet

4)James Thompson Seasons《四季》

5)Edward Y oung Night Thoughts《夜思》

6)William Collins

To Simplicity《致简单》The Passions《激情》To Evening《致夜晚》

8. Pre-Romanticism(18世纪后期)—against the bondage of Classicism

Ushered引领人物:Percy,Macpherson,Chatterton

1)Percy 1756 Reliques of Ancient English Poetry《英诗辑古》—folk songs

and ballads, marks an epoch in the history of English poetry

2)Macpherson 1762 Fingal《芬歌儿》—an epic

3)Chatterton The Rowley Papers《罗利诗篇》

Represented 代表人物:Blake,Burns

1)William Black

(1)1783 Poetical Sketches《诗歌素描》—first collection of poems

Spenserian stanza, blank verse, ballad form, lyric metres

(2)1789 Songs of Innocence《天真之歌》--- The lamb

(3)1794 Songs of Experience《经验之歌》

(4)The Marriage of Heaven and Heal《天堂和地狱的结合》

(5)1791 The French Revolution《法国大革命》

(6)1793 Vision of the Daughters of Albion and America, a prophecy

2)Robert burns Scottish poet

(1)1876,7 Poems Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect《苏格兰方言诗集》

Farewell to Scotland《再见苏格兰》

(2)Scottish folk songs for two anthologies: The Scots Musical Museun《苏格兰音乐汇总》和Select Collection of Original Scottish Airs《原始的苏格兰

歌曲选集》

(3)Poem: A Red, Red Rose《一朵红红的玫瑰》和Bruce at Bannockburn (4)革命主题诗歌:

The Tree of Liberty《自由树》

A Revolutronary Lyric《一首革命抒情诗》

The Slave’s Lament《奴隶怨》—sympathy

The Toadeater《致谄媚者》—satire

The Jolly Beggars《欢乐的乞丐》—humour and lightheartedness

Auld Lang Syne《昔日时光》

二:The Age of Romanticism(1798----1832) 18世纪末19世纪初期出现

Liberty, equality, fraternity(自由、平等、博爱)

1)浪漫主义代表人物

(1)Edmund Burke 1790 Reflections on the Revolution in France

(2)Radical writers(进步作家):

Thomas Paine 1791-1792 The Right of Man《人权》

William Cobbett 1802-1835 Political Register《政治纪事周刊》(3)Prose(散文家):Lamb,Hazlitt, De Quincey, Hunt

(4)Novelist:Walter Scott 标志着从romanticism到realism

(5)两大流派two schools:

Elder generation of romanticists/escapist romanticists/ The Lake poem: Wordsworth, Coleridge, Southey

Y oung generation of romanticists/active romanticists:

Byron, Shelley, Keats

2)Wordsworth 湖畔诗人

(1)1789 with Coleridge Lyrical Ballads《抒情诗歌谣》

(2)作品:

★Lines written in the Early Spring《早春遣句》

★To the Cuckoo《致杜鹃》

★I wondered lonely as a Cloud《我如行云独自游》

★My heart leaps up when I behold《我心荡漾》

★Intimations of Immortality《永生颂》

★Lines composed a Few Miles above Tintern Abbey《丁登寺杂咏》—lyrical hymn of thanks to nature

★Lucy—poem, short pathetic lyrics between humanity and nature

★The prelude《序曲》—1799-1805 autobiographical poem, in 14 books 3)Coleridge湖畔诗人

(1)With Southey, The Fall of Robespierre— a poetical drama in three acts

(2)1798 The Rime of the Ancient Mariner《古舟子吟》—a long poem (3)1797 Kubla Khan《忽必列汉》— a dream-poem 54 lines

(4)1797-1800 Christabel《克里斯塔贝尔》— unfinished

(5)As a litreary critic(1808-1815) 文学评论家

?Notes and Letrures on Shakespeare

?Biographia Literaria, or Sketches of My Literary Life and Opinions

—1817 the most important prose work and literary authbiography

4)Southey 湖畔诗人

(1)1793 Joan of Are《圣女贞像》—an epic

(2)1794 Wat Tyler《瓦特·泰勒》—a drama

(3)1794 With Coleridge, The Fall of Robespierre— a poetical drama in three acts

(4)1821 A vision of Judgement《审判的幻景》—a long poem

(5)Short poems: The Inchcape Rock, The battle of Blenhein, My Days among the Dead Are Passed

(6)As a prose writer : The Life of Nelson(1813) 《尼尔森的生活》

(7)Poetical romances浪漫诗歌:只有4首

★1801 Thalaba the Destroyer 《萨拉巴》

★1805 Madoc《麦道克》

★1810 The Curse of kehama《克哈马的诅咒》

★1814 Roderick, the Last of the Goths《罗德克·最后的高斯人》5)Byron the Satanic School(撒旦派)

(1)1807 Hours of Idleness《悠闲的时光》—first collection of poem

(2)1809 English Bards and Scotch Reviewers—satire

(3)1816 Songs for the Luddites《卢德者之歌》

(4)1809 Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage《恰尔德·哈尔德游记》—拜伦式英雄long poem (5)Narrative poem 叙事诗

1813年Giaour,The Bride of Abydos,Lara

1814年The Corsair oriental tales东方叙事诗1816年Parisina,The Siege of Corinth

(6)lyrical poem 抒情诗:1815 Herbrew Melodies《希伯来歌曲》

(7)Switzerland瑞士:Sonnet on Chillon, The Prisones of Chillon(1816,narrative poem), Manfred(a poetical drama)(8)文学成就:

Childe Harold《恰尔德·哈尔德游记》

Don Yuan《唐璜》—masterpiece

Cain 《该隐》—a poetical drama

The Prophecy of Dante《但丁预言》

The vision of Judgement《审判的幻景》

6)Shelly the Satanic School(撒旦派)

(1)1811 The Necessity of Atheism《无神论的必要性》—an anti-religious pamphlet (2)1812 Address to the Irish People《致爱尔兰人民》

(3)Queen Mab《麦布女王》—first important poem

(4)1818 The Revolt of Islam《伊斯兰反叛》

(5)1819

Masque of Anarcy《专制的假面游行》—allegorical poem

Prometheus unbound《解放了的普罗米修斯》—lyrical drama

The Cenci《钦挚一家》—a historical tradgedy on Italian Subject

(6)1819年后,写了大量的poems

Peter Bell the Third《彼特·贝尔三世》—a dramatic satire

Hellas《海勒斯》—a lyrical drama

Adonais《阿多尼》—an elegy on the death of Keats

A Defence of poetry《诗辩》—an essay

(7)Love lyrics 爱情抒情诗

Love’s Philosophy《爱的哲学》

One Word Is Too Often Profaned《有一个字常被人亵渎》

With a Guitar, to Jane《用一把吉他,献给简》

The Indian Serenade《印度小夜曲》

Ode to the west wind《西风颂》

To a Skylark《致云雀》

7)John Keats

(1)1817 First collection of poem was published

(2)1818 Endymion《恩底弥翁》—second book

(3)Third and last volume—include Isabella《伊莎贝拉》,The Eve of St.Agnes 《圣阿格尼斯前夜》,Eamia《拉米亚》

(4)Long poem长诗5部

★Endymion《恩底弥翁》4000多行

★Isabella《伊莎贝拉》/The Pot of Basil(based on Boccaccio’s Decameron)

★The Eve of St.Agnes《圣阿格尼斯前夜》—narrative poem in Spensorian Stanzas

★Emaia《拉米亚》—Burton’s Anatomy of Melancholy

★Hyperion《赫波里昂》—unfinished long epic in two fragments (5)Short poem短诗

Sleep and porety《睡与诗》

sonnets and odes

?Bright Star《灿烂的星》

?When I Have Fair《当我害怕时》

?Ode to Autumn《秋颂》

?Ode to Melancholy《忧郁颂》

?Ode on a Grecian Urn《希腊古瓮颂》

?Ode to a Nightingale《夜莺颂》

8)Scott 历史小说之父“the father of history novels”

(1)Three volumes三卷本(1802-1803):Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border《苏

格兰边区歌谣集》

(2)Long poem

★1805 The lay of the Last Minstrel—first long poem

★1808 Marmion《玛米恩》

★1810 The Lady of the Lake《湖上夫人》

(3)Novel 1814 Waverley《威弗利》—first novel

(4)Historical novel

?Scotland

?1814 Waverley《威弗利》

?1815 Guy Mannering《盖曼钠令》

?1816 Old Morality《清教徒》

?1817 Rob Roy《罗伯·罗伊》

?1818 The Heart of Midlothian《爱丁堡监狱》

?English

?1820 Ivanhoe《艾凡赫》—the most famous one

?1821 Kenilworth《肯纳尔沃思堡》

?1822 The Fortunes of Nigel《尼格尔的家产》

?1826 Woodstock《皇家猎官》

?1828 Peveril of the Peak《贝弗利尔·皮克》

?Europe

?1823 Quentin Durward《昆延·达沃德》

?1823 St. Ronan’s Wells 《圣罗南之泉》—the only one tells his

contemporary life

三.Critical Realism批判现实主义

1)English Critical Realism(流行于19世纪40年代、50年代早期) The Victorian Age(1831---1901)

代表人物:Dickens,Thackeray, Brontes’ sisters, Elizabeth Gaskell, Eliot

19th century realistic novels become“the epic of the bourgeois society”

2)Dickens critical realist writer批判现实主义小说家

(1)Sketches by Boz《博兹随笔》—first book on Cockeny characters伦敦人物(2)Pickwick Papers《匹克威克外传》—long novel

(3)1838-1841 Oliver Twist《雾都孤儿》, Nicholas Nickleby,The Old Curiosity Shop《老古玩店》,Barnaby Rudge

(4)1842 in America:American Notes《美国札记》,Martin Chuzzlewit (5)From 1844 in Frence and Italy

●Novels of social criticism

★Dombey and Son 《董贝父子》

★David Copper field《大卫·科波菲尔》

★Bleak house《荒凉山庄》

★Hard Times 《艰难世事》

★Little Dorrit《小杜丽》

●Two weekly magazines

★1850-1859 Household words《家常话》

★1859-1870 All the Y ear Round《一年四季》

(6)A Tale of Two Cities《双城记》—a historical novel of the French Revolution (7)Novels on contemporary theme: Great Expectations《远大前程》, Our Mutual Friend《我们共同的朋友》

(8)1867-1868 in England: Edwin Drood《艾德温·德鲁德》—unfinished, his last work (9)1843-1848 5 Christmas Books The Hungry Forties

◆ A Christmas Carol《圣诞欢歌》

◆The Chimes 《钟声》

◆The Cricket on the Hearth《炉边蟋蟀》

◆The Battle of Life《人生的战场》

◆The haunted Man《被折磨的人》

3)Thackeray critical realist writer批判现实主义小说家

(1)1833 The National Standard《立宪报》—a bourgeois radical newspaper (2)1842 Punch《笨拙》—humorous and satirical weekly

(3)1846-1847 The Snobs of England《势利者集》—satirical sketches (4)1847-1848 V anity fair《名利场》,副标题是:A Novel Without Hero 源自John Bunyuan’s The Pilgrim’s Progress《天路历程》(5)1849-1850 Pendennis《彭登尼斯》

(6)1853-1855 The Newcomes《纽克姆一家》

(7)Two historical novels

★1852 Henry Esmond《亨利·埃斯德蒙的历史》

★1859 The virginians《弗吉尼亚人》—Henry Esmond的续篇(8)Last year of life : Denis Duval—unfinished

4)Jane Austen critical realist writer批判现实主义小说家

6 novels:

●Northanger Abbey《诺桑觉寺》

●Sense and sensibility《理智与情感》

●pride and prejudice 《傲慢与偏见》1813年出版

●Mansfield Park《曼斯菲尔德庄园》

●Emma 《艾玛》

●Persuasion《劝导》

5)The Bronte Sister critical realist writer批判现实主义小说家

19Th的小说是Female,三姐妹合出诗集Poems by Currer, Ellis and Acton Bell (1)Charlotte Bronte:Jane Eyre《简爱》,Shirley《谢利》,Villette《维莱特》(2)Emily Bronte:1847 Wuthering Heights《呼啸山庄》

(3)Anne Bronte:Agnes Grey,The Tenant of the wildfell Hall

6)George Eliot 真名:Mary Ann Evans

(1)翻译了Feuerbach的The Essence of Christianity《宗教的本质》

(2)The Westminster Review《威斯敏斯特评论》—as an assistant editor (3)Scenes of Clerical Life《教区生活场景》—first three stories for a magazine

(4)Three remarkable novels:

1859 Adam Bede 《亚当·贝德》

1860 The Mill on the Floss《弗罗斯河上的磨坊》

1861 Silas Marner《织工马南》

(5)1863Romola《罗慕拉》—a historical novel

(6)1866Felix Holt the Radical—a novel on political questions

(7)1871-1872Middlemarch《米德尔马契》

(8)1876 Daniel Deronda《但尼尔·狄隆达》

四:The Victorian Age

1) Tennyson 维多利亚时代最重要诗人Laureate Poet桂冠诗人,被葬在Westminster Abbey

(1)1827 with brothers Poems by two brothers—a little volume

(2)1830 first book in his on name Poem,Chrefly Lyrical《歌集》

(3)1842 Poems《诗集》—in two volumes

(4)Long poems after 1842

★1847 The Princess《公主》—medley 杂集

★1855 Maud《默德》—monodrama 单人剧

★1859-1885 The Idylls of the King《国王叙事诗》—an epic of King Arthur

(5)1850 In Memorian《悼念》—a collection of elegies

(6)Crossing the Bar 《过沙洲》—death of his 81 years

(7)Break, break ,break《冲击,冲击,冲击》

2)Robert Browning 诗人,创造“Dramatic Monologue”戏剧独白

(1)1833 Pauline 《波林》—first poem

(2)1835 Paracelus《帕拉塞尔萨斯》

(3)1837 Strafford《斯特拉福》—tragedy

(4)1840 Sordello《索尔代洛》

(5)1841 Pippa Passes《皮帕经过》—a dramatic poem

(6)1841-1846 Bells and Poemgranates《铃铛和石榴》—a series of poems

(7)1855 Men and Women《男人和女人》

(8)1868-1869 The Ring and the Book《指环与书》—the most famous,2万行诗,12个dramatic monologue

(9)Dramatic Lyrics《戏剧抒情诗》,Dramatic Romances《喜剧罗曼史》,Men and Women《男人和女人》,Dramatic Personae《戏剧人生》

all use monologue

(10)Short lyrics短篇抒情诗

★Home Thoughts from Abroad《异国思乡》

★The Pied Piper of Hamelin《哈曼林的风笛手》—a narrative poem for children

★1889 Asolando《阿索兰多》—published on his death day

3)Elizabeth Barrett(Mrs. Browning) 诗人

(1)13岁The Battle of Marathon《马拉松战役》

(2)1833 翻译了Prometheus Bound《被监禁的普罗米修斯》—Greek tragedy

(3)1843 The Cry of the Children《孩子们的哭泣》

(4)1847 Sonnets from the Portuguese《葡萄牙十四行诗》—lyrics

(5)1851 Casa Guidi Windows《圭迪公寓的窗子》

(6)1860 Poems before Congress《在大会以前写成的诗》

4)Naturialism 自然主义

20世纪后半期流行于欧洲,特别是法国和德国true to life George Gissing:

★New Grub Street 《新格鲁勃街》

★Charles Dickens:A Critical Study《查尔斯·狄更斯批评论》

★The Private Paper of Henry Ryecroft《亨利·赖伊克罗夫特私信集》—part diary, part essays, part confessions, partly autobiographical

5)Neo-Romanticism 新浪漫主义at the end of 19th century

Robert Louis Stevenson:

★1878 An Inland V oyage《内陆游记》

★1879 Travels with a Donkey in the Cevennes《骑驴旅行》

★Essay of 3 volumes:

Virginibus Puerisque《给少年男女》

Familiar Studies of Men and Book《作家与作品随笔研究》

Memories and Portraits《回忆与画像》

★Treasure Island《宝岛》—romance entitled

★Kidnapped《诱拐》,The Black Arrow《黑箭》,The Master of Ballantrae, Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. hyde《化身博士》

6)Aestheticism 唯美主义19世纪中叶在欧洲盛行

(1)Walter Pater:scholar, critic, essayist

★Studies in the History of the Renaissance《文艺复兴历史研究》—

简称The Renaissance《文艺复兴》,是代表作

★Marius the Epicurean《享乐主义者马里斯》—a philosophic novel

★Imaginary Portraits《假面的肖像》

★Appreciations《赏析篇》

(2)Oscar Wilde:Irish poet, dramatist, novelist, essayist

“aesthetic movement”美学运动代表人物

主要理论是:为了艺术而艺术art for Arts’ sake

★Poems《诗集》

★Fairy stories童话故事:The Happy Prince and Other Tales《快乐王子》, A house of Pomegranates《石榴之屋》

★ A collection of short stories短篇故事集: Lord Arthur Savile’s Crime and Other Stories《阿瑟·萨维尔勋爵的罪恶》

★ A series of critical essays评论集: Intention《意向》

★The only novel: The Picture of Dorian Gray《道林·雷格的画像》

★ 4 comedies:

Lady Windermere’s Fan《温德美尔夫人的扇子》

A Woman of No Importance《一个无足轻重的女人》

An Ideal Husband《理想丈夫》

The Importance of Being Earnest《认真的重要》

★One tragedy:Salome《莎乐美》

★ A prose work散文作品集:De Profundis《惨痛的呼声》

★The Ballads of Reading Gaol《累丁狱之歌》—last work

★An essay of social criticism: The Soul of Man Under Socialism 五.20世纪的英国文学

1)Thomas Hardy自然主义小说家

代表作:Tess of D’Urbervilles 《苔丝》

Jude the Obscure《无名的裘德》

Far From the Madding crowd《远离尘嚣》

2)Bernard Shaw :critical realist Novelist,dramaist

代表作:Pygmalion《皮革马利翁》

Window’s house《寡妇的房产》

Major Barbar《巴巴拉少校》

六:The twentieth Century------Modernism 现代主义

The psychological Fiction心理小说(20世纪20、30年代)

1)David Herbert Lawrence

代表作:Sons and lovers《儿子和情人》

The Rainbow《彩虹》

Women In Love《恋爱中的女人》

2)James Joyce 意识流主要表人物“stream of consciousness”

代表作:Ulysses《尤里西斯》

A Portrait of the Artist As A Y oung Man《一个青年艺术家的肖像》

Dubliners《都柏林人》

3)Virginia Woolf 意识流另一代表人物

代表作:To The lighthouse《到灯塔去》,Jacob’s Room《雅各布的房间》

The Waves《海浪》,Mrs Dalloway《达罗维夫人》

英国文学史及选读 复习要点总结概要

《英国文学史及选读》第一册复习要点 1. Beowulf: national epic of the English people; Denmark story; alliteration, metaphors and understatements (此处可能会有填空,选择等小题 2. Romance (名词解释 3. “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”: a famous roman about King Arthur’ s story 4. Ballad(名词解释 5. Character of Robin Hood 6. Geoffrey Chaucer: founder of English poetry; The Canterbury Tales (main contents; 124 stories planned, only 24 finished; written in Middle English; significance; form: heroic couplet 7. Heroic couplet (名词解释 8. Renaissance(名词解释 9.Thomas More—— Utopia 10. Sonnet(名词解释 11. Blank verse(名词解释12. Edmund Spenser “The Faerie Queene” 13. Francis Bacon “essays” esp. “Of Studies” (推荐阅读,学习写正式语体的英文文章的好参照,本文用词正式优雅,多排比句和长句,语言造诣非常高,里面很多话都可以引用做格言警句,非常值得一读 14. William Shakespeare四大悲剧比较重要,此外就是罗密欧与朱立叶了,这些剧的主题,背景,情节,人物形象都要熟悉,当然他最重要的是 Hamlet 这是肯定的。他的sonnet 也很重要,最重要属 sonnet18。 (其戏剧中著名对白和几首有名的十四行诗可能会出选读 15. John Milton 三大史诗非常重要,特别是 Paradise Lost 和 Samson Agonistes。对于 Paradise Lost 需要知道它是 blank verse写成的,故事情节来自 Old Testament,另外要知道此书 theme 和 Satan 的形象。

(完整)最全面英国文学史知识点总结,推荐文档

英国文学史 I. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages 贝奥武夫:the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons Epic: long narrative poems that record the adventures or heroic deeds of a hero enacted in vast landscapes. The style of epic is grand and elevated. Artistic features: 1. Using alliteration Definition of alliteration: a rhetorical device, meaning some words in a sentence begin with the same consonant sound(头韵) Some examples on P5 2. Using metaphor and understatement Definition of understatement: expressing something in a controlled way Understatement is a typical way for Englishmen to express their ideas Geoffery Chaucer 杰弗里·乔叟1340~1400 (首创“双韵体”,英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。约翰·德莱顿(John Dryden)称其为“英国诗歌之父”。代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》。) The father of English poetry. writing style: wisdom, humor, humanity. ①坎特伯雷故事集: first time to use ‘heroic couplet’(双韵体) by middle English ②特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德 ③声誉之宫 Medieval Ages’popular Literary form: Romance(传奇故事)

英国文学史期末复习重点

英国文学史 Part one: Early and Medieval English Literature Chapter 1 The Making of England 1. The early inhabitants in the island now we call England were Britons, a tribe of Gelts. 2. In 55 B.C., Britain was invaded by Julius Caesar. The Roman occupation lasted for about 400 years. It was also during the Roman role that Christianity was introduced to Britain. And in 410 A.D., all the Roman troops went back to the continent and never returned. 3. The English Conquest At the same time Britain was invaded by swarms of pirates(海盗). They were three tribes from Northern Europe: the Angles, Saxons and Jutes. And by the 7th century these small kingdoms were combined into a United Kingdom called England, or, the land of Angles. And the three dialects spoken by them naturally grew into a single language called Anglo -Saxon, or Old English. 4. The Social Condition of the Anglo -Saxon Therefore, the Anglo -Saxon period witnessed a transition from tribal society to feudalism. 5. Anglo -Saxon Religious Belief and Its Influence The Anglo -Saxons were Christianized in the seventh century. Chapter 2 Beowulf 1. Anglo -Saxon Poetry But there is one long poem of over 3,000 lines. It is Beowulf, the national epic of the English people. Grendel is a monster described in Beowulf. 3. Analysis of Its Content Beowulf is a folk lengend brought to England by Anglo -Saxons from their continental homes. It had been passed from mouth to mouth for hundreds of years before it was written down in the tenth century. 4. Features of Beowulf The most striking feature in its poetical form is the use of alliteration, metaphors and understatements. Chapter 3 Feudal England 1)T he Norman Conquest 2. The Norman Conquest The French -speaking Normans under Duke William came in 1066. After defeating the English at Hastings, William was crowned as King of England. The Norman Conquest marks the establishment of feudalism in England.

自考英美文学选读要点总结整理出考点26位作家完整教学内容

英美文学选读要点总结精心整理(只考26位作家) [英国』Chapter1 The Renaissance period(14世纪至十七世纪中叶)文艺复兴 1. Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance.人文主义是文艺复兴的核心。 2. the Greek and Roman civilization was based on such a conception that man is the measure of all things.人文主义作为文艺复兴的起源是因为古希腊罗马文明的基础是以“人”为中心,人是万物之灵。 3. Renaissance humanists found in then classics a justification to exalt human nature and came to see that human beings were glorious creatures capable of individual development in the direction of perfection, and that the world they inhabited was theirs not to despise but to question, explore, and enjoy.人文主义者们却从古代文化遗产中找到充足的论据,来赞美人性,并开始注意到人类是崇高的生命,人可以不断发展完善自己,而且世界是属于他们的,供他们怀疑,探索以及享受。 4. Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare are the best representatives of the English humanists.托马斯.摩尔,克利斯朵夫.马洛和威廉.莎士比亚是英国人文主义的代表。 5. Wyatt introduced the Petrarchan sonnet into England.怀亚特将彼特拉克的十四行诗引进英国。 6. The first period of the English Renaissance was one of imitation and assimilation.英国文艺复兴初期只是一个学习模仿与同化的阶段。 7. The goals of humanistic poetry are: skillful handling of conventions, force of language, and, above all, the development of a rhetorical plan in which meter, rhyme, scheme, imagery and argument should all be combined to frame the emotional theme and throw it into high relief.人文主义诗歌的主要目标是对传统习俗的熟练运用,语言的力度与气概,而最重要的是发展了修辞模式,即将格律,韵脚(式),组织结构,意象(比喻,描述)与议论都结合起来勾画出情感主题,并将其极为鲜明生动的表现出来。 8. The most famous dramatists in the Renaissance England are Christopher Marlowe, William Shakespeare, and Ben Jonson.文艺复兴时期英国最著名的戏剧家有克利斯朵夫.马洛,威廉.莎士比亚与本.约翰逊。 9. Francis Bacon (1561-1626), the first important English essayist.费兰西斯.培根是英国历史上最重要的散文家。(III)William Shakespeare威廉.莎士比亚 17. The first period of his dramatic career, he wrote five history plays: Henry VI, Parts I, II, and III, Richard III, and Titus Andronicus; and four comedies: The Comedy of Errors, The Two Gentlemen of Verona, The Taming of the Shrew, and Love’s Labour’s Lost.在他戏剧创作生涯的第一个阶段,他创作了五部历史剧:《亨利六世》,《理查三世》,《泰托斯.安东尼》以及四部喜剧:《错误的戏剧》,《维洛那二绅士》,《驯悍记》和《爱的徒劳》。 18. In the second period, he wrote five histories: Richard II, King John, Henry IV, Parts I and II, and Henry V; six comedies: A Midsummer Night’s Dream, The Merchant of Venice, Much Ado About Nothing, As You Like It, Twelfth Night, and The Merry Wives of Windsor; and two tragedies: Romeo and Juliet and Julius Caesar.在第二阶段,他写了五部历史剧:《理查三世》,《约翰王》,《亨利四世》,《亨利五世》以及六部喜剧《仲夏夜之梦》,《威尼斯商人》,《无事生非》,《皆大欢喜》,《第十二夜》,《温莎的风流娘儿们》,还有两部悲剧:《罗密欧与朱丽叶》和《裘利斯.凯撒》。 19. Shakespeare’s third period includes his greatest tragedies and his so-called dark comedies. The tragedies of this period are Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth, Antony and Cleopatra, Troilus and Cressida, and Coriolanus. The two comedies are All’s Well That Ends and Measure for Measure.第三阶段诞生了莎翁最伟大的悲剧和他自称的黑色喜剧(或悲喜剧),悲剧有:《哈姆雷特》,《奥赛罗》,《李尔王》《麦克白》《安东尼与克利奥佩特拉》《特罗伊勒斯与克利西达》及《克里奥拉那斯》。两部喜剧是《终成眷属》和《一报还一报》。 20. The last period of Shakespeare’s work includes his principle romantic tragicomedies: Pericles, Cymbeline, The Winter’s Tale and The Tempest; and his two plays: Henry VIII and The Two Noble Kinsmen.最后一个时期的作品主要有浪漫悲喜剧:《伯里克利》《辛白林》《冬天的故事》与《暴风雨》。他最后两部剧是《亨利八世》与《鲁克里斯受辱记》。21. Shakespeare’s sonnets are the only direct expression of the poet’s own feelings.这些十四行诗都是莎翁直抒胸臆的成果。 22. Shakespeare’s history plays are mainly written under the principle that national unity under a mighty and just sovereign is a necessity.莎翁的历史剧都有这样一个主题:在一个强大英明的君主统领下的国家,统一是非常必要的。 23. In his romantic comedies, Shakespeare takes an optimistic attitude toward love and youth, and the romantic elements are

英国文学复习总结

英国文学复习总结详解 Part one:Early and medieval English literature 1.Beowulf《贝奥武甫》------the national epic of the English people ,it is also the epic of the Anglo-Saxon.(P3) 2.The name of the terrible monster------Grendel(格伦德尔)(P3) 3.the most striking feature in its poetical form is the use of alliteration(头韵),others are metaphor (暗喻)and understatement(保守陈述)(P5) 4The Norman Conquest (诺曼征服)marks the establishment of feudalism in England. (P6) 5.The romance(传奇文学)(P8) The most popular of literature in fedual England was the romance. It was a long composition, sometimes in verse, sometimes in prose, describing the life and adventures of a noble hero. The hero of the romance was the the knight, a man of noble birth, skilled in the use of weapons. It was written for the noble class(贵族的文学) Romances falls into three cycles : “matters of Britain”( adventures of King Arthur and his knights of the Round Table),“matters of France” (Emperor Charlemagne and his peers) “matters of Rome”. (Alexander the Great and so for th) 6. William Langland威廉·朗兰------ Piers the Plowman《耕者皮尔斯》(P11) 7.The ballads(民谣)(P17) The most important department of English folk literature is the ballad.It is a story told in song ,usually in 4-line stanzas [?st?nz?],with the second and fourth lines rhymed. It was written for common people(平民文学). The subjects of ballads are various in kind,as the struggle of young loves against their feudal-minded families,the conflict between love and wealth ,the cruelty of envy,the criticism of the civil war,and the matters of class struggle. The most famous ballads are the ballads of Robin Hood. 8.Geoffrey Chaucer’ Contributions <1>Father of English poetry in 14th century. Chaucer introduces from France the rhymed stanzas of various types instead of the old Anglo-Saxon alliterative verse,especially the rhymed couplet of 5 accents in iambic meter(the heroic couplet) to English poetry.(P26) <2>Chaucer is the first great poet who wrote in the English language. His production of so much excellent poetry is an important factor in establishing English as the literary language of the country.He did much in making the dialect of London the standard for the modern English speech.(P26) <3>the founder of English realism(P23) The Prologue(序言)suppies a miniature of the English so ciety of Chaucer’s time <4>. he forerunner of humanisim (P24 倒数第二行) 9.Geoffrey Chaucer died in 1400 and was buried in Westminster Abbey(威斯敏斯特教堂)thus founding the “Poets’ Corner”..(P20) 10.The Romaunt of the Rose(translated from Franch)《玫瑰传奇》 Troilus and Criseyde(adapted from the Italian)《特洛勒斯和克莱西》 10. Geoffrey Chaucer 杰弗里·乔叟------The Canterbury Tales《坎特伯雷故事集》 The tales of the Knight,the Pardoner(卖赎罪券者),the Nun’s Priest (尼姑的牧师),the Wife of Bath,together with the Prologue,are the best of the whole collection.(P24)(了解一下) Part two:The English renaissance

英国文学选读知识总结

Geoffrey Chaucer (1343-1400) 乔叟He was born in 1343 in London. He died in 1400 and was buried in Westminster Abbey, thus founding the “Poets Corner”.The father of English Poetry and one of the greatest narrative poets of England.“The Canterbury Tales” (1387-1400) It is Chaucer?s masterpiece and one of the monumental works in English literature. Chaucer’s Contribution to English Literature Chaucer is regarded as the founder of English poetry and has been called “the founder of English realism.” He is the firs t great poet who wrote in the English language. He introduced from France the rhymed stanza of various types, especially the “heroic couplet” (英雄双韵体) to English poetry.His masterpiece “The Canterbury T ales” is one of the monumental works in English literature 公爵夫人之书,百鸟议会,声誉之堂,特罗勒思和克里西德 Structure of a poem: A poem can be broken down into three parts: (1) Stanza (节) : a group of lines set off from the other lines in a poem. It is the poetic equivalent of a paragraph in prose. In traditional poems, the stanza usually contains a unit of thought.(2) The line (行) : a single line of poetry (3) The foot (音步) : a syllable or a group of 2 or 3 syllables. T o scan a line of poetry one counts the number of feet in a line. For a beginner, the easiest thing to do is to count the number of stresses. Typically a foot will contain a stressed and an unstressed syllable. William Shakespeare (1564-1616)playwright, poet, actor.Shakespeare and Aeschylus are the two greatest dramatic geniuses the world has ever known.—Carl Marks.The Great Tragedies: 《哈姆雷特》(Hamlet,1601 ) 《奥赛罗》(Othello, 1604) 《李尔王》(King Lear, 1605) 《麦克白》(Macbeth, 1606) The Great Comedies威尼斯商人》(The Merchant of Venice, 1596) 《仲夏夜之梦》(A Midsummer Night's Dream,1596) 《第十二夜》(Twelfth Night, 1600) 《皆大欢喜》(As You Like It, 1601) Shakespeare’s car eer as a dramatist may be divided into four major phases.: The First Period(1590-1594) This period is the period of his apprenticeship in play-writing. Works: Henry VI The Comedy of Errors《错误的喜剧》/《连环错》Love?s Labor?s Lost 《迷失的爱》/《空爱一场》/《爱的徒劳》Romeo and Juliet, etc. The Second Period (1595-1600) This period is his mature period, mainly a period of “great comedies” and mature historical plays. It includes 6 comedies, 5 historical plays and 1 Roman tragedy. His sonnets are also thought to be written in this period. The Third Period (1601-1607) The third period of Shakespeare?s dramatic career is mainly the period of “great tragedies” and “dark comedies”. It includes 5 tragedies, 3 comedies and 2 Roman tragedies.Major works written in this period:Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth, Antony and Cleopatra The Fourth Period (1608-1612) The fourth period of Shakespeare?s work is the period of romantic drama. It includes 4 romances or “reconciliation(和解,复合)plays”. Shakespeare’s Literary Position:Shakespeare and the Authorized Version of the English Bible are the two greatest treasuries of the English language. Shakespeare has been universally acknowledged to be the summit of the English Renaissance, and one of the greatest writers in world literature. Hamlet:Hamle t is considered the summit of Shakespeare?s art. It is one of Shakespeare?s canon, and it is universally included in the list of the world?s greatest works.It?s written in the form of blank verse.blank verse : poetry in rhymeless iambic pentameter.(素体诗剧)The story, coming from an old Danish legend, is a tragedy of the “revenge” genre. Shakespeare incorporates into the medieval story other major humanistic themes, including love, justice, good and evil, and most notably, madness, and the spirit of the time Injustice, conspiracy, and betrayal in the society。1. first blow: father?s murder and mother?s re-marriage2.second blow: betrayal of his two former friends Rosencrantz and Guildenstern3. third blow: betrayal of his girl friend OpheliaThe greatness o f the play: in praise of the noble quality of Prince Hamlet as a representative of humanist thinkers and his disillusionment with the corrupt and degenerated society in which he lived.

英国文学总结表

英国文学总结表

History of English Literature Historic al period Liter ary Perio d Repres entative writer s Representati ve works Signifi cance Old English (410-10 66) Anglo -Saxo n (poetr y) Beowulf The national epic of the English people. Mediev al Englan d (1066-1 400) (The Wars of Roses, Foundi ng of the Medi eval / Midd le Engli sh (poetr y, roma nce and balla Geoffre y Chauce r Canterbury Tales (masterpiece ), The House of Fame, Troilus and Criseyde, The parliament of fowls. The founder / father of English poetry, and the earliest forerunner of realism. The Arthurian legends: Sir Gawain and the

Tudor Dynasty ) d) Green Knight Robin Hood Ballads: Lytell Geste of Robin Hood《罗宾 汉英雄事迹 小唱》 The Pre- Elizabet han and Elizabet han Ages (1400-1 603) (The Reform ation and the Enclosu Renai ssanc e (Hum anism ) (Poet ry and dram a) Thomas More Utopia The forerunner of modern socialist thought. Edmun d Spenser The Faerie Queene (Spenserian stanza) He has great influences on all the later poets. Christo pher Marlow e Tamburlaine 《铁木耳转》 Dr. Faustus 《浮士德悲 剧》The Jew The greatest pioneer of English drama. He reformed the

英国文学简史知识点摘要

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英语文学史分时期总结作家作品 贝奥武夫:the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons Epic:long narrative poems that record the adventures or heroic deeds of a hero enacted in vast landscapes. The style of epic is grand and elevated. e.g. Homer?s Iliad and Odyssey Artistic features: 1. Using alliteration Definition of alliteration: a rhetorical device, meaning some words in a sentence begin with the same consonant sound(头韵) Some examples on P5 2. Using metaphor and understatement Definition of understatement: expressing something in a controlled way Understatement is a typical way for Englishmen to express their ideas Geoffery Chaucer 杰弗里?乔叟1340(?)~1400 (首创“双韵体”,英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。约翰·德莱顿(John Dryden)称其为“英国诗歌之父”。代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》。) The father of English poetry. writing style: wisdom, humor, humanity. ①坎特伯雷故事集: first time to use …heroic couplet?(双韵体) by middle English ②特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德 ③声誉之宫 Medieval Ages’ popular Literary form: Romance(传奇故事) Famous three:King Arthur Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Beowulf The Renaissance Period A period of drama and poetry. The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance. Renaissance: the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and learning in Europe beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world. Three historical events of the Renaissance – rebirth or revival: 1. new discoveries in geography and astrology 2. the religious reformation and economic expansion 3. rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture The most famous dramatists: Christopher Marlowe William Shakespeare Ben Johnson. 1. Edmund Spenser埃德蒙?斯宾塞1552~1599 (后人称之为“诗人的诗人”。)The poets?poet.Th e first to be buried in the Poet?s corner of Westerminster Abbey

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