电工学原理及应用(Electrical Engineering)经典双语详解讲义 (5)

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电工学原理及应用(Electrical Engineering)经典双语详解讲义

电工学原理及应用(Electrical Engineering)经典双语详解讲义

Alternating Current
On the other hand, a current that varies with time, reversing direction periodically, is called alternating current, abbreviated as AC.

4Ω 2Ω 3Ω a 6Ω
10V
Congsidering current I, N=4,B=6,L=7
N=3,B=5,L=6
1.4 Kirchhoff’s current LAW (KCL)
The net(净,总的) current a node is zero.
I= 0


entering
• Electrical Engineering Subdivisions
• • • • • • • • Communication systems Computer systems Control systems Electromagnetics Electronics Photonics Power systems Signal processing
P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 90 20 120 90 80 0
功率平衡!电路中所有元件的功率之和为 0 ! 常用作对分析结果的检验准则。
•About Kirchhoff
古斯塔夫· 罗伯特· 基尔霍夫(Gustav Robert Kirchhoff )
——/wiki/Gustav_Kirchhoff
Box3
P3 U 3 I 3 60V ( 2)A 120W<0
U1 1
U2 2 U5

电工词汇中英文翻译_secret

电工词汇中英文翻译_secret

电路的基本概念及定律电源source电压源voltage source电流源current source理想电压源ideal voltage source理想电流源ideal current source伏安特性volt-ampere characteristic电动势electromotive force电压voltage电流current电位potential电位差potential difference欧姆Ohm伏特V olt安培Ampere瓦特Watt焦耳Joule电路circuit电路元件circuit element电阻resistance电阻器resistor电感inductance电感器inductor电容capacitance电容器capacitor电路模型circuit model参考方向reference direction参考电位reference potential欧姆定律Ohm’s law基尔霍夫定律Kirchhoff’s law基尔霍夫电压定律Kirchhoff’s voltage law(KVL)基尔霍夫电流定律Kirchhoff’s current law(KCL)结点node支路branch回路loop网孔mesh支路电流法branch current analysis网孔电流法mesh current analysis结点电位法node voltage analysis电源变换source transformations叠加原理superposition theorem网络network无源二端网络passive two-terminal network有源二端网络active two-terminal network戴维宁定理Thevenin’s theorem诺顿定理Norton’s theorem开路(断路)open circuit短路short circuit开路电压open-circuit voltage短路电流short-circuit current交流电路直流电路direct current circuit (dc)交流电路alternating current circuit (ac)正弦交流电路sinusoidal a-c circuit平均值average value有效值effective value均方根值root-mean-squire value (rms)瞬时值instantaneous value电抗reactance感抗inductive reactance容抗capacitive reactance法拉Farad亨利Henry阻抗impedance复数阻抗complex impedance相位phase初相位initial phase相位差phase difference相位领先phase lead相位落后phase lag倒相,反相phase inversion频率frequency角频率angular frequency赫兹Hertz相量phasor相量图phasor diagram有功功率active power无功功率reactive power视在功率apparent power功率因数power factor功率因数补偿power-factor compensation串联谐振series resonance并联谐振parallel resonance谐振频率resonance frequency频率特性frequency characteristic幅频特性amplitude-frequency response characteristic 相频特性phase-frequency response characteristic截止频率cutoff frequency品质因数quality factor通频带pass-band带宽bandwidth (BW)滤波器filter一阶滤波器first-order filter二阶滤波器second-order filter低通滤波器low-pass filter高通滤波器high-pass filter带通滤波器band-pass filter带阻滤波器band-stop filter转移函数transfer function波特图Bode diagram傅立叶级数Fourier series三相电路三相电路three-phase circuit三相电源three-phase source对称三相电源symmetrical three-phase source对称三相负载symmetrical three-phase load相电压phase voltage相电流phase current线电压line voltage线电流line current三相三线制three-phase three-wire system三相四线制three-phase four-wire system三相功率three-phase power星形连接star connection(Y-connection)三角形连接triangular connection(D- connection ,delta connection) 中线neutral line电路的暂态过程分析暂态transient state稳态steady state暂态过程,暂态响应transient response换路定理low of switch一阶电路first-order circuit三要素法three-factor method时间常数time constant积分电路integrating circuit微分电路differentiating circuit磁路与变压器磁场magnetic field磁通flux磁路magnetic circuit磁感应强度flux density磁通势magnetomotive force磁阻reluctance电动机直流电动机dc motor交流电动机ac motor异步电动机asynchronous motor同步电动机synchronous motor三相异步电动机three-phase asynchronous motor单相异步电动机single-phase asynchronous motor 旋转磁场rotating magnetic field定子stator转子rotor转差率slip起动电流starting current起动转矩starting torque额定电压rated voltage额定电流rated current额定功率rated power机械特性mechanical characteristic继电器-接触器控制按钮button熔断器fuse开关switch行程开关travel switch继电器relay接触器contactor常开(动合)触点normally open contact常闭(动断)触点normally closed contact时间继电器time relay热继电器thermal overload relay中间继电器intermediate relay可编程控制器(PLC)可编程控制器programmable logic controller语句表statement list梯形图ladder diagram半导体器件本征半导体intrinsic semiconductor掺杂半导体doped semiconductorP型半导体P-type semiconductorN型半导体N--type semiconductor自由电子free electron空穴hole载流子carriersPN结PN junction扩散diffusion漂移drift二极管diode硅二极管silicon diode锗二极管germanium diode阳极anode阴极cathode发光二极管light-emitting diode (LED)光电二极管photodiode稳压二极管Zener diode晶体管(三极管)transistorPNP型晶体管PNP transistorNPN型晶体管NPN transistor发射极emitter集电极collector基极base电流放大系数current amplification coefficient场效应管field-effect transistor (FET)P沟道p-channelN沟道n-channel结型场效应管junction FET(JFET)金属氧化物半导体metal-oxide semiconductor (MOS)耗尽型MOS场效应管depletion mode MOSFET(D-MOSFET)增强型MOS场效应管enhancement mode MOSFET(E-MOSFET)源极source栅极grid漏极drain跨导transconductance夹断电压pinch-off voltage热敏电阻thermistor开路open短路shorted基本放大器放大器amplifier正向偏置forward bias反向偏置backward bias静态工作点quiescent point (Q-point)等效电路equivalent circuit电压放大倍数voltage gain总的电压放大倍数overall voltage gain饱和saturation截止cut-off放大区amplifier region饱和区saturation region截止区cut-off region失真distortion饱和失真saturation distortion截止失真cut-off distortion零点漂移zero drift正反馈positive feedback负反馈negative feedback串联负反馈series negative feedback并联负反馈parallel negative feedback共射极放大器common-emitter amplifier射极跟随器emitter-follower共源极放大器common-source amplifier共漏极放大器common-drain amplifier多级放大器multistage amplifier阻容耦合放大器resistance-capacitance coupled amplifier 直接耦合放大器direct- coupled amplifier输入电阻input resistance输出电阻output resistance负载电阻load resistance动态电阻dynamic resistance负载电流load current旁路电容bypass capacitor耦合电容coupled capacitor直流通路direct current path交流通路alternating current path直流分量direct current component交流分量alternating current component变阻器(电位器)rheostat电阻(器)resistor电阻(值)resistance电容(器)capacitor电容(量)capacitance电感(器,线圈)inductor电感(量),感应系数inductance正弦电压sinusoidal voltage集成运算放大器及应用差动放大器differential amplifier运算放大器operational amplifier(op-amp)失调电压offset voltage失调电流offset current共模信号common-mode signal差模信号different-mode signal共模抑制比common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR)积分电路integrator(circuit)微分电路differentiator(circuit)有源滤波器active filter低通滤波器low-pass filter高通滤波器high-pass filter带通滤波器band-pass filter带阻滤波器band-stop filter波特沃斯滤波器Butterworth filter切比雪夫滤波器Chebyshev filter贝塞尔滤波器Bessel filter截止频率cut-off frequency上限截止频率upper cut-off frequency 下限截止频率lower cut-off frequency 中心频率center frequency带宽Bandwidth开环增益open-loop gain闭环增益closed-loop gain共模增益common-mode gain输入阻抗input impedance电压跟随器voltage-follower电压源voltage source电流源current source单位增益带宽unity-gain bandwidth频率响应frequency response频响特性(曲线)response characteristic 波特图the Bode plot稳定性stability补偿compensation比较器comparator迟滞比较器hysteresis comparator阶跃输入电压step input voltage仪表放大器instrumentation amplifier隔离放大器isolation amplifier对数放大器log amplifier反对数放大器antilog amplifier反馈通道feedback path反向漏电流reverse leakage current相位phase相移phase shift锁相环phase-locked loop(PLL)锁相环相位监测器PLL phase detector 和频sum frequency差频difference frequency波形发生电路振荡器oscillatorRC振荡器RC oscillatorLC 振荡器 LC oscillator正弦波振荡器 sinusoidal oscillator三角波发生器 triangular wave generator方波发生器square wave generator幅度 magnitude电平level饱和输出电平(电压)saturated output level功率放大器功率放大器power amplifier交越失真 cross-over distortion甲类功率放大器 class A power amplifier乙类推挽功率放大器class B push-pull power amplifier OTL 功率放大器 output transformerless power amplifierOCL 功率放大器 output capacitorless power amplifier 直流稳压电源半波整流 full-wave rectifier全波整流 half-wave rectifier电感滤波器 inductor filter电容滤波器 capacitor filter串联型稳压电源 series (voltage) regulator开关型稳压电源 switching (voltage) regulator 集成稳压器 IC (voltage) regulator晶闸管及可控整流电路晶闸管 thyristor单结晶体管 unijunction transistor (UJT )可控整流 controlled rectifier可控硅 silicon-controlled rectifier峰点 peak point谷点 valley point控制角 controlling angle导通角 turn-on angle门电路与逻辑代数二进制 binary二进制数 binary number十进制 decimal十六进制 hexadecimal二-十进制 binary coded decimal (BCD ) 门电路 gate三态门tri-state gate与门 AND gate或门 OR gate非门 NOT gate与非门 NAND gate或非门 NOR gate异或门 exclusive-OR gate反相器inverter布尔代数Boolean algebra真值表truth table卡诺图the Karnaugh map逻辑函数logic function逻辑表达式logic expression组合逻辑电路组合逻辑电路combination logic circuit 译码器decoder编码器coder比较器comparator半加器half-adder全加器full-adder七段显示器seven-segment display时序逻辑电路时序逻辑电路sequential logic circuitR-S 触发器R-S flip-flopD触发器D flip-flopJ-K触发器J-K flip-flop主从型触发器master-slave flip-flop置位set复位reset直接置位端direct-set terminal直接复位端direct-reset terminal寄存器register移位寄存器shift register双向移位寄存器bidirectional shift register 计数器counter同步计数器synchronous counter异步计数器asynchronous counter加法计数器adding counter减法计数器subtracting counter定时器timer清除(清0)clear载入load时钟脉冲clock pulse触发脉冲trigger pulse上升沿positive edge下降沿negative edge时序图timing diagram波形图waveform脉冲波形的产生与整形单稳态触发器monostable flip-flop双稳态触发器bistable flip-flop无稳态振荡器astable oscillator晶体crystal555定时器555 timer模拟信号与数字信号的相互转换模拟信号analog signal数字信号digital signalAD转换器analog -digital converter (ADC)DA转换器digital-analog converter (DAC)半导体存储器只读存储器read-only memory(ROM)随机存取存储器random-access memory(RAM)可编程ROM programmable ROM(PROM)。

电气专业英语section 1-5中英

电气专业英语section 1-5中英

由于节点3连接有4条支路,所以选择其作为参考点, 用所示的接地符号标明。
The voltage between node 1 and the reference node 3 is identified as u1, and u2 is defined between node 2 and the reference.

每个非参考点相对于参考点的电压既是节点电压。
It is common practice to select polarities so that the node voltages are positive relative to the reference node.

选择极性时,通常使节点电压相对于参考点为正。

理解了电路基本定律(欧姆定律和基尔霍夫定律)后
we are now prepared to apply these laws to develop two powerful techniques for circuit analysis:

我们准备应用这些定律得出两种电路分析的有效方法
nodal analysis, which is based on a systematic application of Kirchhoff's current law (KCL),
0.2u1 1.2u2 2
(1-20)
Solve the Eq.(1-19) and Eq. (1-20) to obtain the unknown node voltage u1 and u2, then any current or power in the circuit may now be found.

电气工程及自动化学院公共基础课程中英文简介

电气工程及自动化学院公共基础课程中英文简介

目录城市工程规划(电力电讯)课程中英文简介 (1)电磁场课程中英文简介 (3)电工技术I课程中英文简介 (4)电工技术II课程中英文简介 (6)电工学新技术实践课程中英文简介 (8)电工与电子技术课程中英文简介 (9)电工与电子技术综合实验I课程中英文简介 (10)电工与电子技术综合实验I课程中英文简介 (11)电工与电子技术综合实验II课程中英文简介 (12)电工与电子技术综合实验II课程中英文简介 (13)电工与电子技术综合实验III课程中英文简介 (14)电路I课程中英文简介 (15)电路I课程中英文简介 (16)电路II课程中英文简介 (17)电路III课程中英文简介 (18)电路IV课程中英文简介 (19)电路实验I课程中英文简介 (20)电路实验I课程中英文简介 (21)电路实验II课程中英文简介 (22)电路实验III课程中英文简介 (23)电子技术I课程中英文简介 (24)电子技术II课程中英文简介 (26)电子技术基础实验课程中英文简介 (28)电子技术课程设计II课程中英文简介 (30)电子设计与实践课程中英文简介 (31)电子线路课程中英文简介 (32)电子线路实验I课程中英文简介 (34)电子线路实验I课程中英文简介 (35)电子线路实验II课程中英文简介 (36)高级电子学综合实验课程中英文简介 (37)互换性与测量技术基础I课程中英文简介 (38)互换性与测量技术基础II课程中英文简介 (39)互换性与测量技术基础III课程中英文简介 (40)机械学基础I课程中英文简介 (41)机械学基础I课程中英文简介 (43)机械学基础II 课程中英文简介 (45)机械学基础课程设计I课程中英文简介 (46)机械学基础课程设计II课程中英文简介 (47)建筑设备(电)课程中英文简介 (48)建筑设备概论(电)课程中英文简介 (49)精密机械设计基础I课程中英文简介 (50)精密机械设计基础II课程中英文简介 (52)精密机械设计基础课程设计I课程中英文简介 (54)精密机械学基础课程中英文简介 (55)精密机械学基础课程中英文简介 (57)精密机械学基础课程设计课程中英文简介 (59)模拟电子技术基础I(双语)课程中英文简介 (61)模拟电子技术基础II课程中英文简介 (62)模拟电子技术实验课程中英文简介 (64)数字电子技术基础I课程中英文简介 (65)数字电子技术基础I (双语)课程中英文简介 (66)数字电子技术基础II课程中英文简介 (67)数字电子技术实验课程中英文简介 (68)数字逻辑(双语)课程中英文简介 (69)数字逻辑实验课程中英文简介 (70)城市工程规划(电力电讯)课程中英文简介课程编码:SD06002100课程中文名称:城市工程规划(电力电讯)课程英文名称:Urban Engineering Planning (Electric Power, Telecommunication)总学时:18学分:1.0课程简介:(200字左右)本课程是城市规划方向核心课程之一。

电气工程专业英语unit6解读

电气工程专业英语unit6解读
Power system automation
This involves the application of automation technology in the power system, such as SCADA, EMS, and DMS, to achieve real-time monitoring and control of the power system.
Article structure
VS
Unit 6涉及的词汇主要包括电气工程相关术语、工业自动化和智能制造领域的专业词汇,以及一些科技类常用词汇。
短语总结
文章中出现的短语主要包括与电气工程和工业领域相关的短语,如"power system","automation control","intelligent manufacturing"等。这些短语对于理解文章内容非常重要,需要学生重点掌握。
Electrical engineering also contributes to the progress of other fields, such as computer science, robotics, and nanotechnology. Electrical engineers design and develop the electronic components and systems that are used in these fields, making it possible for them to advance.
Circuit analysis
Circuit analysis is a fundamental skill for electrical engineers. It involves using mathematical models to analyze the behavior of electrical circuits. Circuit analysis is essential for predicting circuit performance, optimizing circuit design, and troubleshooting circuit problems.

电工学原理及应用(Electrical Engineering)经典双语详解讲义

电工学原理及应用(Electrical Engineering)经典双语详解讲义

2. Analyze the circuit to determine the current through the diodes assumed to be on and the voltage across the diodes assumed to be off.
•Assumed States for Analysis of Ideal-Diode Circuits
8.1 Basic Diode Concepts
电路符号
反向 击穿区
伏安特性
阳极
阴极 反偏 (截止)区 正偏 (导通)区
简化的物理结构
空穴 阳极
自由 电子 阴极
等效流体器件:挡板阀
内电场
•二极管PN结(pn junction)载流子的运动
漂移运动 P-type material P型半导体(掺硼) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - N-type material 内电场E N型半导体(掺磷)
Thermal voltage
VT 26 mV
•Zener Diodes
•Diodes that are intended to operate in the breakdown region are called Zener diodes.
iZ
美标符号
iZ DZ
uZ
+
UZ IZ IZ IZmax
--- - - -
--- - - -
P
IF
+

内电场 外电场
N
内电场被 削弱,多子 的扩散加强, 形成较大的 扩散电流。
PN 结加正向电压时,PN结变窄,正向电流较 大,正向电阻较小,PN结处于导通状态。

电工学原理及应用(Electrical Engineering)经典双语详解讲义

电工学原理及应用(Electrical Engineering)经典双语详解讲义

N

+
内电场被加 强,少子的漂 移加强,由于 少子数量很少, 形成很小的反 向电流。
PN 结加反向电压时,PN结变宽,反向电流较小, 反向电阻较大,PN结处于截止状态。 温度越高少子的数目越多,反向电流将随温度增加。
•二极管的符号与结构Fra bibliotekuDD 外形 iD 国标符号 D 美标符号
根据PN结构造面的特点,二极管分为点接触型、面接触 型、键型、合金型、扩散型、台面型、平面型、合金扩散型、 外延型、肖特基型等。
I D2
D1承受反向电压为-6 V
3
4mA
Ex.8.8 Assume ideal diodes, find the diode states for the circuits shown in Fig. 10.17.
D1 is on;
D2 is off;
D3 is off;D4 is on.
Electrical Engineering and Electronics II
Chapter 8 Diodes
4 Course Hours
Chapter 8 Diode
8.1 Basic Diode Concepts 8.2 Load-line analysis of diode circuits 8.3 Zener-diode voltage-regulator circuits 8.4 Ideal-diode model 8.5 Piecewise-linear diode models 8.6 Rectifier circuits 8.7 Wave-shaping Circuits 8.8 Linear Small-signal Equivalent Circuits

电气工程及其自动化专业英语介绍

电气工程及其自动化专业英语介绍

电气工程及其自动化专业英语介绍Introduction:Electrical Engineering and its Automation is a field of study that combines electrical engineering principles with automation techniques. This discipline focuses on the design, development, and implementation of electrical systems and their control using various automation technologies. In this article, we will delve into the various aspects of Electrical Engineering and its Automation, including its scope, key concepts, job opportunities, and future prospects.Body:1. Scope of Electrical Engineering and its Automation:1.1 Importance of Electrical Engineering:- Electrical engineering plays a vital role in various industries, including power generation, telecommunications, transportation, and manufacturing.- It involves the design and maintenance of electrical systems, such as power distribution networks, control systems, and electronic devices.1.2 Automation in Electrical Engineering:- Automation techniques are applied to enhance the efficiency, reliability, and safety of electrical systems.- Automation technologies, such as PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) and SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition), are used for process control, monitoring, and data acquisition.1.3 Integration of Electrical Engineering and Automation:- The integration of electrical engineering principles with automation technologies enables the development of advanced control systems and intelligent machines.- It facilitates the automation of various industrial processes, leading to increased productivity and reduced human intervention.2. Key Concepts in Electrical Engineering and its Automation:2.1 Electrical Circuit Analysis:- This involves the study of electrical circuits and their behavior using mathematical models and techniques.- Concepts such as Ohm's law, Kirchhoff's laws, and circuit theorems are used to analyze and solve electrical circuit problems.2.2 Power Systems:- Power systems deal with the generation, transmission, and distribution of electrical energy.- Concepts like power generation, power factor correction, and power system protection are essential in ensuring a stable and reliable power supply.2.3 Control Systems:- Control systems involve the regulation and control of electrical processes.- Concepts like feedback control, PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) controllers, and system stability are crucial in designing and implementing control systems.3. Job Opportunities in Electrical Engineering and its Automation:3.1 Electrical Engineer:- Electrical engineers are responsible for designing, developing, and maintaining electrical systems.- They work in various industries, including power generation, telecommunications, and manufacturing.3.2 Automation Engineer:- Automation engineers specialize in the design and implementation of automation systems.- They develop control strategies, program PLCs, and integrate automation technologies into electrical systems.3.3 Research and Development:- Electrical engineering and its automation offer numerous research and development opportunities.- Researchers work on developing innovative technologies and improving existing systems to meet the evolving demands of industries.4. Future Prospects in Electrical Engineering and its Automation:4.1 Renewable Energy:- The growing focus on renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power, presents new challenges and opportunities in electrical engineering and its automation.- Engineers are needed to design and optimize renewable energy systems and integrate them into the existing power grid.4.2 Internet of Things (IoT):- The integration of electrical systems with IoT technologies opens up new avenues for automation and control.- Electrical engineers can leverage IoT to develop smart grids, intelligent buildings, and efficient energy management systems.4.3 Artificial Intelligence (AI):- AI techniques, such as machine learning and neural networks, can be applied to enhance the automation capabilities of electrical systems.- Electrical engineers can explore the use of AI for predictive maintenance, fault detection, and optimization of electrical processes.Conclusion:Electrical Engineering and its Automation is a dynamic field that combines electrical engineering principles with automation technologies. It plays a crucial role in various industries and offers a wide range of job opportunities. The integration of electrical engineering with automation enables the development of advanced control systems and intelligent machines. With the increasing focus on renewable energy, IoT, and AI, the future prospects in this field are promising. As technology continues to advance, electrical engineering and its automation will continue to evolve, driving innovation and shaping the future of industries.。

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U Ii
f
(1 A F)ri
2) 并联负反馈 使电路的输入电阻降低
ii
id
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ri

ri f
1
ri A0 F
无负反馈时:
ri
ui id
+
有负反馈时:

rif
ui ii
ui id i f
1
1 AF
ri
6.对输出电阻的影响
1) 电压负反馈使电路的输出电阻降低
rof
1
ro A0 F
uo 电压负反馈具有稳定输出电压的作用
2. 并联电压负反馈
if RF
i1
+ ui –
R1 R2
id
– +

++
RL
uo –
设输入电压 ui 为正, 差值电流 id = i1 – if if 削弱了净输入电流(差 值电流) ——负反馈
反馈电流
if
uo Rf
取自输出电压——电压反馈
反馈信号与输入信号在输入端以电流的形式比
反之若比较的结果使净输入信号增大,因而输 出信号也增大,称为正反馈(positive feedback) 。
17.1.2 负反馈与正反馈的判别方法 反馈类型的判别步骤
1) 找出反馈网络(一般是电阻、电容) 2) 采用瞬时极性法判别正负反馈 3) 判别是交流或直流反馈? 4) 是负反馈!判断是何种类型的负反馈?
电压负反馈具有稳定输出电压的作用,
即有恒压输出特性,故输出电阻降低。
2) 电流负反馈使电路的输出电阻提高
rof (1 A0F )ro
电流负反馈具有稳定输出电流的作用,
即有恒流输出特性,故输出电阻提高。
反馈信号与输入信号串联,即反馈信号与输入 信号以电压形式作比较,称为串联反馈。
反馈信号与输入信号并联,即反馈信号与输入 信号以电流形式作比较,称为并联反馈。
串联反馈使电路的输入电阻增大, 并联反馈使电路的输入电阻减小。
负反馈的类型
电压串联负反馈
交流反馈 负
反 馈
电压并联负反馈 电流串联负反馈 电流并联负反馈
则:d Af 1 d A Af 1 AF A
1
(6%) 1.5%
1 300 0.01
3. 改善波形失真
正弦波
ui
A
略小ud
ui
u略f 大 略大
A
略小
F
加反馈前
小 uo

加反馈后
uo
接近正弦波
负反馈是利用失真的波形来改善波形的失真, 因此只能减小失真,而不能完全消除失真。
4.展宽通频带
引入负反馈使电路的通频带宽度增加
较——并联反馈
特点:输入电阻低、输出电阻低
3.串联电流负反馈
设输入电压 ui 为正,
+
u+–d
ui –
R2
– +
+
io
uo
RL
+ R –uf
差值电压 ud =ui – uf
uf 削弱了净输入电压 (差值电压) ——负反馈 反馈电压 uf =Rio 取自输出电流 ——电流反馈
反馈信号与输入信号在输入端以电压的形式比较
|Au| 12|A|A00||
无负反馈 有负反馈
O
|Au|
BW BWf
f
BWf (1 AoF )BW
O
BW
BWf
f
5. 对输入电阻的影响
1) 串联负反馈 使电路的输入电阻提高
+
ui
rif (1 A0F )ri
+
ud ri
无负反馈时:
ri
U d Ii


有负反馈时:
+
–uf ~
rif
U i Ii
第17章 电子电路中的反馈
17.1 反馈的基本概念 17.2 放大电路中的负反馈
17.1 反馈的基本概念
17.1.1 负反馈与正反馈
反馈(feedback):将电子电路(或某个系统)的输 出端的信号(电压或电流)的一部分或全部通过某种 电路引回到输入端。
反馈电子电路的方框图
净输入信号
X i +
X d
交流反馈:反馈只对交流 分量起作用,反馈元件只 能传递交流信号。
引入直流 负反馈的 目的:稳 定静态工 作点
引入交流 负反馈的 目的:改 善放大电 路的性能
负反馈:反馈削弱净输入信号,使放大倍数降低。 正反馈:反馈增强净输入信号, 使放大倍数提高。
在放大电路中,出现正反馈将使放大器产生 自激振荡,使放大器不能正常工作。 在振荡器中引入正反馈,用以产生波形。
反馈电流
if
R R RF
io
取自输出电流——电流反馈
反馈信号与输入信号在输入端以电流的形式比较
——并联反馈
运算放大器电路反馈类型的判别方法:
1. 反馈电路直接从输出端引出的,是电压反馈; 从负载电阻RL的靠近“地”端引出的,是电流反馈;
2. 输入信号和反馈信号分别加在两个输入端(同 相和反相)上的,是串联反馈;加在同一个输入端 (同相或反相)上的,是并联反馈;
例1:
RF
+ ui –

uf
+
R1
u+–d
– +
R2
+ +
RL
uo –
设输入电压 ui 为正,
差值电压 ud =ui – uf
uf 削弱了净输入电压 (差值电压) ——负反馈
+
ui –
R1
Ru2 d–+ + uf –
– +
+
+ uo

RF
差值电压 ud =ui + uf
uf 增强了净输入电压 (差值电压) ——正反馈
id=i1+i2
i2
id
i1
Ex.3 The Non-inverting Amplifiers
vi=vin-v1
串联电压负反馈
例1:试判别下图放大电路中从运算放大器A2输出 端引至A1输入端的是何种串类联型电的压反负馈反电馈路。
解:先在u+–i 图中– u标f +出各+– A点1+的-uo瞬1R时-极性及+– 反A2+馈信uo号RL;
——串联反馈
io
uf R
ui R
特点:输出电流 io 与负载电阻RL无关 ——同相输入恒流源电路或电压-电流变换电路
4. 并联电流负反馈
if RF
i1
+
R1
ui
R2
id
– +
+
io -
RL

R
设输入电压 ui 为正, 差值电流 id = i1 – if
if 削弱了净输入电流 (差值电流) ——负反馈
输入信号 X– f
反馈信号
输出信号
基本放大 X o
电路A
反馈 电路F
反馈放大电路的三个环节:
反馈系数
基本放大电路
A
X o X d
反馈电路
F
X f X o
放大倍数 比较环节 X d X i X f
净输入信号 X d X i X f
若比较的结果使净输入信号减小,因而输出 信号也减小,称为负反馈(negative feedback)。
因反馈电路直接从运算放大器A2的输出端引 出,所以是电压反馈;
因输入信号和反馈信号分别加在反相输入端 和同相输入端上,所以是串联反馈;
因输入信号和反馈信号的极性相同,所以是 负反馈。
例2:试判别下图放大电路中从运算放大器A2输出 端引至A1输入端的是何种并类联型电的流反负馈反电馈路。
ui
i1
– +
RS es+–
+
uiRB2

RC1 T1
RE1
RC2
+C2
T2
+UCC
+
RF RE2
RL uo CE2 –
解: RE2对交流不起作用,引入的是直流反馈;
RE1、RF对交、直流均起作用,所以引入的 是交、直流反馈。
RE1对本级引入串联电流负反馈。
17.2.2 负反馈对放大电路性能的影响
X i + X– f
例3: 判断是交流反馈还是直流反馈 +UCC
RB1 C1
RC
+C2
交、直流分量的信
+
+
RS eS–+
ui
号均可通过 RE,所 以RE引入的是交、 直流反馈。
如果有发射极旁路电容, RE中仅有直流分量的 信号通过 ,这时RE引入的则是直流反馈。
1. 反馈的分类 直流反馈:反馈只对直流 分量起作用,反馈元件只 能传递直流信号。
直流反馈 稳定静态工作点
17.2 放大电路中的负反馈
1. 串联电压负反馈
RF
uf 削弱了净输入电压
+ ui –

uf
+
R1
u–d +
– +
R2
+ +
RL
uo –
(差值电压) ——负反馈
反馈电压
uf
R1 RF R1
u0
反馈信号取自输出电压u0
—— 电压反馈
ui 与 uf 串联,以电压形式比较——串联反馈 反馈过程: uo ufud
+
A1
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